STI COLLEGE - MEYCAUAYAN

Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND LITERATURE REVIEW

Background of the Study

Emergencies can happen when we least expect them, whether it’s a classmate fainting during a
busy school day or someone getting injured while playing sports. As students, we often find
ourselves in situations where quick thinking and basic first aid skills could make a big
difference. But the truth is, many of us don’t know what to do in these moments.

At STI College Meycauayan, students are always on the go—balancing academics,

extracurricular activities, and social interactions. With so much happening, the possibility of
accidents and health emergencies increases. However, first aid knowledge isn’t always part of
our regular education. Most of us have seen first aid kits, but we don’t know how to use them
properly or how to handle emergency situations.

This lack of preparedness is a problem because time is critical in emergencies. Knowing how to
stop bleeding, treat burns, or perform CPR could save someone’s life. That’s where this study,
"First Aid Tutorial for Students at STI College Meycauayan," comes in. By teaching us these
life-saving skills in a simple and interactive way, this project aims to empower students to take
action confidently during emergencies.

For senior high school and college students like us, learning first aid isn’t just about
responsibility—it’s also about being ready to help our friends, classmates, and even strangers.
This initiative hopes to create a safer school environment and instill a culture of preparedness,
ensuring we’re equipped to respond when it matters most.

Literature Review

First aid involves simple medical techniques that individually provide, this individual is either with
or without a formal medical. In 2020, Taklual et al. performed a study to investigate the
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associated factors of first aid knowledge, attitude, and practice among elementary school teachers
in Ethiopia. They found that school teachers have low knowledge of first aid. Educational status,
previous first aid training, service year, and information on first aid were the determinant of first
aid knowledge.

Children in schools are more prone to get injured during their activities. Awareness toward first aid
is vital for teachers to provide solutions in case of the occurrence of accidents. Our work aimed to
assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of first aid and the associated factors among male
school teachers in Hail city.

This is a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire-based survey was performed among teachers

in primary, middle, and secondary male schools in the Hail region, Saudi Arabia. Statistical
analysis was performed using STATA 12 software, Continuous variables were presented as
mean, and SD and inter-group differences were compared using t-test. Categorical variables
showed as numbers and percentages. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Our study concluded that the school teachers in Hail city had good knowledge and attitude
about the first aid. However, more training workshops were recommended for improving the
first aid practice of teachers.

Theoretical Framework
1. Social Learning Theory (Albert Bandura)
This theory emphasizes that people learn through observing others, imitating behaviors, and
practicing what they see. In a first aid tutorial, students learn by watching instructors demonstrate
techniques like CPR or wound care. Repeated practice allows students to internalize these skills,
making them more prepared for real-life emergencies. (Albert Bandura, a Canadian-American
psychologist,1970.)
2. Health Belief Model (HBM)
This model suggests that a person’s willingness to take health-related action depends on their
perceptions of: The severity of a potential health problem, their susceptibility to the problem, the
benefits of taking action and, the barriers to taking action. Students are more likely to participate in
a first aid tutorial if they perceive emergencies as likely and understand that knowing first aid can
save lives. The tutorial can reduce perceived barriers by making learning practical and accessible.
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(The Health Belief Model was developed in the 1950s by social psychologists Irwin M.
Rosenstock, Godfrey Hochbaum, and others at the U.S. Public Health Service.)
3. Experiential Learning Theory (David Kolb)
This theory highlights that learning is most effective when it involves direct experiences,
reflection, and practical application. A first aid tutorial allows students to engage actively in hands-
on practice, reflect on what they’ve learned, and apply it in simulated emergency scenarios. This
cycle ensures that the skills are remembered and can be used in real situations. (David A. Kolb, an
American educational theorist, developed this theory in the 1980s.)
4. Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen)
This theory states that a person’s intention to perform a behavior (like learning first aid) is
influenced by: Their attitude toward the behavior, social norms (whether others encourage the
behavior), perceived control (their confidence in being able to perform the behavior). If students
believe first aid is important, see others valuing it, and feel confident they can learn, they are more
likely to engage with a first aid tutorial. (Icek Ajzen, a social psychologist, introduced this theory
in 1985.)

Conceptual Framework

This framework offers medical care, which is typically given at the scene of the injury and as
soon as possible after it happens. It usually entails a single, brief treatment and can be
administered with minimal technology or experience. According to this study, first aid education
maximizes the public's self-learning experience by providing advantages for them, others, and the
future. It responds to emergency incidents by acting quickly to treat injuries and illnesses.
Information technology to advance civilizations. This design connects everyone to a smart first
aid center to deliver an instant medical intervention, enabling smart first aid to give medical
services in real time.

Statement of the Problem

General Problem:

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Currently, STI College Meycauayan has encountered difficulties in giving proper aid for students
who are having medical issues. There are some situations where you need proper training begore
giving first aid. With the help of our study and application. The hassle of students and the nurse
who will perform the first aid will be lessened. Our application will be based in healthcare for
first aid. This will assist in prioritizing patient care.

Specific Problem:

1. Unprepared to handle emergency inside the campus (Functionality)

2. If a patient doesn’t receive basic first aid care immediately their situations will deteriorate-
often rapidly (Reliability)
3. Medical information was exposed. (Security)

Significance of the Study

This study aims to highlight the crucial role of first aid tutorial in ensuring the preparedness
of students during emergencies that needs a proper First aid within healthcare settings like STI
Meycauayan. By examining the efficiency of first aid tutorial in handling emergency situation,
this research will provide insights into improving healthcare delivery and patient care.
Furthermore, the study will benefit healthcare administrators and students by offering strategies
to enhance resource allocation, leading to better, safer, healthier and more knowledge about first
aid. It will also contribute to academic knowledge, serving as a reference for future on healthcare
and can fill a gap in the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the effectiveness
of first aid tutorials in a STI College Meycauayan setting.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study aims to investigate the impact of first aid tutorials on the knowledge and skills

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of STI College Students. Specifically, it wil focus on Undergraduate Students enrolled at STI
College Meycauayan during 2024-2025 school year. A structured first aid tutorial program,
covering essential topics such as CPR, wound care, choking, and basic emergency response. The
study will be confined to the specific STI College Meycauayan campus. The study will primarily
rely on quantitative methods such as pre- and post-tests, surveys. The study will maintain a
focused and manageable research design. The tutorial content will be limited to essential first aid
skills, excluding specialized medical procedures.

Definition of Terms

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Chapter 2
METHODS

Research Design

For the research design of our study, the study adopts a descriptive research design to assess the
impact of first aid tutorial within the students of STI College Meycauayan. This design is
appropriate as it seeks to gather detailed information about the current state of healthcare
services and medicine access. The research will employ a combination of quantitative surveys
and qualitative interviews to gather comprehensive data from respondents.

Setting and Respondents of the Study

The respondents in this study are students of STI College Meycauayan located at
MacArthur Highway, Banga, Meycauayan city, Bulacan. A total of 15 random respondents with
experience of Nurse consulting and medical needs