NAME: …Suleimon……Zainab………Mosunmola………………………………………………..

CLASS: ……SS2………………………

THIRD TERM NOTE

SUBJECT: DATA PROCESSING CLASS: SS 2

SCHEME OF WORK

WEEK TOPIC

1. Revision of last term’s work

2. Graphic Packages (a) Meaning of Graphic Package
(b) Uses of Graphic Software Package (c) Examples of Graphic Package
3. Graphic Packages (d) Corel Draw meaning (e) Components of Corel Draw
4. Graphic Packages(cont.) SPECIALISED GRAPHIC APPLICATIONS
5. Maintenance of Computer I: (a) General cleaning.
(b) Battery Charging and replacement
6. Maintenance of Computer I: (b) DVD drive lens cleaning.
7. Midterm break
8. Indexes: (a) Clustered versus Uncluttered indexes (b) Dense versus sparse
9. Indexes: (c) Primary and Secondary indexes (d) indexes using composite search
keys
10. Revision
11-12 Examination

REFERENCES:
 Spectrum Computer Studies for Senior Secondary Schools 2 by Tuttuh-Adegun
Moses et al.
 Search light on Computer Studies for Senior Secondary School 2 by Owolabi Kayode
et al.
 A textbook of DATA PROCESSING for Senior Secondary Schools 2 by Adedapo F.O et
al.
WEEK ONE

DATE:.........................................

TOPIC: GRAPHIC PACKAGES

CONTENT:
1. Meaning of Graphic Software Package
2. Uses of Graphic Software Packages

SUBTOPIC 1: Meaning of Graphic software Package

Introduction:
Graphics are visual and pictorial representation of data on surfaces such as a wall, canvas, screen,
paper or stone using line arts, symbols, numbers, geometric designs, diagrams and photographs by
combining text, illustration and colour in order to brand, illustrate and entertain. Graphics can
either be functional or artistic; therefore an image generated by a computer is called graphics.

Definition of Graphic Package

Graphic Package or software is a collection of programs that allows for easy creation, selection and
deliberate manipulation of text and images using distinctive styles on a computer for the purpose
of clarity and effective communication.

Uses of Graphic Software Packages

The uses of Graphic Software package cannot be exhausted because it provides numerous
advantages ranging from the following;

Traditional Uses
 It is used for pictorial representation and manipulation of data.
 It is used for computer aided designs used in schools.
 It is used for creating simple and complex fliers, posters, books and bill boards.
 It is used in typesetting and graphic arts designing.
 It is used for creating designs, text and graphics for effective presentation in seminars.
Professional and advanced Uses
 For Graphic Design Software e.g desktop publishing
 For Multi-media development Software e.g Computer simulations, Hyper-media editing.
 Image development Software e.g Graphics editor
 For Traditional Medium Effects e.g Photoshop, Corel Painter and Photo Paint.
 For Photo Realistic Effects e.g 3D effects, Painter 3D, Add Depth 2D.
 For Hyper-realistic Effects e.g 2D Image editing software, 3D models with 2D effects
(e.g Cartoons and illustrations).
SUBTOPIC 2

EXAMPLES OF GRAPHIC PACKAGE

There are different examples of Graphic Package, but here is a list of some common ones
Examples of Graphic Packages
i. Paint
ii. Corel Draw
iii. Instant Artist
iv. Harvard graphics
v. Gimp(GMP)
vi. Logo graphics
vii. Ventura
viii. Adobe Photoshop
ix. Photoshine
X. Adobe illustrator

EVALUATION

I. Define Graphics

II. Explain the word Graphic Package

III. Enumerate 3 uses each of advance and traditional use of Graphic package.

ASSIGNMENT
I. Find out 10 other uses of Graphic packages @ your own leisure

WEEK 3
Date: __________

TOPIC: Graphic Packages

Subtopic: Components of Corel Draw
CONTENT:
(i) Meaning of Corel Draw
(ii) Components of Corel Draw
Sub-topic 1
Meaning of Corel Draw
Corel Draw is a graphic package used mainly for automating artistic functions and designing high
quality graphics using conventional lines, basic shapes, symbols and logos. CorelDraw was
developed by Corel Corporation Ottawa, Canada in June 1985. The latest version that makes the
sixteenth versions (i.e. CorelDraw X6) was released in March 2012.

Uses of CorelDraw
1. CorelDraw provides users with different tools to create original images or drastically edit
them.
2. CorelDraw is also compatible with other program in the Corel Draw Graphics suite, such as
Corel Photo-Paint
3. CorelDraw is used to create logos
4. To create complex drawing
5. To create professional world brochure

Loading Corel Draw

 Click start button on the task bar
 Click all programs
 Click Corel graphic suites (installed)
 Click CorelDraw (version type available)
OR
Double click on Corel Draw ICON on the Desktop or taskbar if available.

Sub-topic 2

Components of Corel Draw

After loading Corel Draw it brings you to an environment with a blank/white background or
drawing window with a rectangular box where your drawing is created. This environment displays
the following features or components.
COMPONENTS OR FEATURES OF CORELDRAW ENVIRONMENT

1. Title Bar: It displays application name and file name at the top of the package.
2. Menu Bar: It displays the various command use to work on the program.
3. Page Layout: This is a workspace for user’s work, otherwise known as printable page.
4. Standard Tool Bar: This bar contains icon and commands for performing operations on
documents.
5. Status Bar: It displays detailed information about programs selected.
6. Ruler: This is used for measuring objects in order to obtain accurate size. There are two
types: horizontal and vertical.
7. Properties Bar: It displays detailed information about graphic/text selected.
8. Scroll Bar: They are used for scrolling page layout/work in the desired direction (Horizontal
and Vertical)
9. Colour Palette: It displays various colours used for colouring any selected object/text.
10. Tool Box: This contains the tools used to create, fill, and modify your drawing.
11. Document Navigator: it allows movement, quick view or move from one work area to
another.
12. Docker: A window containing available commands and settings relevant to a specific tool
or task.
13. Navigator: A button at the lower-right corner that opens a smaller display to help you
move around a drawing.

TOOL BOX
Toolbox appears on the left corner of the publication window. It is used to display tool/icon
for performing different operations on the screen.
1. Pick Tool
2. Shape tool
3. Crop tool
4. Zoom tool
5. Freehand tool
6. Smart Fill tool
7. Rectangular tool
8. Ellipse tool
9. Polygon tool
10. Basic shape tool
11. Text tool
12. Interactive blend tool
13. Eyedropper tool
14. Pen tool
15. Fill tool
16. Interactive fill tool

NOTE: Treat each tool above one after other in detail.

CorelDraw Menu
This consists of eleven menus. They are: File, Edit, View, Layout, Arrange, Effect, Bitmap, Text,
Tools, Windows and Help

NOTE: Treat each menu above one after other in detail.

EVALUATION

i. Explain the term CorelDraw

ii. Itemize and explain 5 distinct components of CorelDraw environment

ASSIGNMENT:

I. The area displaying the title of a currently opened drawing is called____________

II. Itemize 5 tools in CorelDraw

WEEK FOUR

DATE:..........................................
TOPIC: Graphic Packages (Cont.)

CONTENT: i. SPECIALISED GRAPHIC APPLICATIONS

 ii. Practical section

Sub-topic 1

SPECIALISED GRAPHIC APPLICATIONS

There are other specialized Graphic Applications used in other field of endeavours, namely;
 Paint programs used to create rough free hand drawings and can be edited using
bitmap.
 Illustration/design programs are used drawing curved lines and its images are stored
in vector based formats.
 Presentation graphics Software used for creating bar charts, pie charts and graphics
for slide shows and reports.
 Animation software enables you to chain and sequence a series of images to
simulate movement.
 CAD(Computer Aided Design) Software used by engineers and architects to draft
designs
 Desktop Publishing allows full set of word processing and fine control of text and
graphics.

Sub-topic 2:

Practical Section

i. Design a Letter head using CorelDraw.

ii. Design Flag of Nigeria

iii. Design a Wedding Card iv. Create the Logo of NNPC

v. Design a Birthday Card

Vi. Create MTN Logo

vii. Create and Design a Business Card

viii. Create Airtel Logo

EVALUATION
I. Outline 5 examples of graphic packages
II. State 5 specialized graphic applications and their uses.
ASSIGNMENT
i. Use CorelDraw to design any of the following
 Business Card
  Invitation Card
 Letter headed paper of a school or company

WEEK FIVE

DATE:..........................................
TOPIC: Maintenance of computer I

CONTENT:

1. Meaning of Maintenance
2. Understanding Concept of General Cleaning
3. General Cleaning Tips

SUBTOPIC 1: MEANING OF MAINTENANCE

Maintenance often called Preventive maintenance (PM) refers to the proactive maintenance steps
taken to prevent some avoidable and undesirable system problems.

Computer Maintenance: is the practice of keeping computers in a good state of repair.

A computer containing accumulated dust and debris may not run properly .

TYPES OF MAINTENANCE

There are 2 types of maintenance, namely;

i. Preventive Maintenance
ii. Corrective Maintenance (This is a step taken or performed to correct an already
existing problems.)

GENERAL CLEANING

Cleaning generally is the process and act of keeping ones computer, its components and other
related peripheral devices in good condition free from dust and debris for proper functioning to
avoid mal-function and sudden breakdown.

GENERAL CLEANING TIPS

I. Never spray your computer rather apply little liquid in a piece of cloth for cleaning the
casing and not the inside.
II. Use a vacuum cleaner to suck up dust, dirt, hair around the casing and not the inside
because using it on the inside could cause static electricity that could damage internal
components.
III. Always turn off your system or component before cleaning.
IV. Never use concentrated solvent e.g chemical (alcohol) while cleaning because of other
allergic individual that might use the same component or device.
V. Take adequate care and caution while cleaning in not tampering with sensitive parts and
control knobs.
VI. Avoid eating, drinking or smoking around the computer or other delicate devices.
(Adhering to the aforementioned tips prolong and helps your device to serve you longer
than you can imagine!)

Sub-topic 2
Tools for cleaning Computer Hardware
i. A clean non-abrasive cloth as microfiber, cotton T-shirt, Cotton handkerchief.
ii. Portable vacuum
iii. Cleaning solution, in case of moistening a cloth, water should be used while other solvents
can be used for different purposes
iv. Cotton swabs
v. Foam swabs
vi. DAVD or CD-ROM cleaner

DVD & CD-ROM Cleaning

Dirty DVD and CD-ROM drives could cause an error in disc reading which affects software
installation issues while running the program. So, proper handling and cleaning is necessary.

CLEANING DVD & CD-ROM DRIVES

PROCEDURES
 Purchase a DVD or CD-ROM cleaner from a local radio shack
 Use the DVD or CD-ROM cleaner on the mal-functioning drive.
 A damp piece of cloth can also be used by removing the disc tray gently, clean and allow the
tray to dry before pushing the tray in.

CLEANING DVD & CD DISC

Dirty DVD and CD disc could cause an error in disc reading which affects it from been read. So,
proper handling and care is necessary.

PROCEDURES
 Get a cleaning kit for effective cleaning of disc
 A piece of normal clean cotton cloth could be used to wipe against the track starting from
the middle of the CD or DVD.
For tough dirt, light use of water or pure spirit could be used

EVALUATION
I. Define the term “Maintenance”
II. Explain the types of Maintenance
 III. State 4 General Cleaning tips
IV. What is cleaning?
V. Itemize 2 procedures involved in cleaning DVD or CD drives
VI. Itemize 2 procedures involved in cleaning DVD or CD disc

ASSIGNMENT
Itemize steps involved in cleaning a keyboard, Mouse and System Unit casing.

WEEK SIX

DATE:..........................................
TOPIC: Maintenance of computer II

SUB TOPIC 1: Battery Charging and Replacement

CONTENT:

BATTERY CHARGING AND REPLACEMENT

The frequent and long usage of battery could cause depletion of its life cycle because most battery
is made with Lead acid, lithium and gel-cel which make them vulnerable and prone to failure.
Hence, making replacement inevitable, at least once in 6 months perform battery sensor re-
calibration.

REPLACECEMENT OF BATTERY (UPS BATTERY AS AN EXAMPLE)

Replacement of battery solely depends on the in-built low battery alarm which runs a periodic self
test and alert one when replacement is needed. At times, some batteries trigger false alarm
occasionally UPS self test could be used to correct that.

Also, when a battery displays epileptic and flashing panel light alarm repeatedly, it shows a bad
battery and calls for replacement.
Note: It is better to wait for battery alarm to trigger before ordering a replacement because
keeping batteries on shelves reduces its life span or cycle except fully charged.

EVALUATION
WEEK 7: MID TERM BREAK
WEEK 8
TOPIC: INDEXES
CONTENT: I. Clustered vs Non-clustered Indexes
II. Dense vs Sparse
SUBTOPIC 1:

What is an Index?
Is a pointer to data in a table. An index in a database is very similar to an index in the back of a book. An
index in a database works the same way in that a query is pointed to the exact physical location of data in a
table.

Types of Index

i. Clustered vs Non-clustered Indexes

Clustered: is where the table data is physically stored in the order of the keys on the index.
 For all pages-locked tables, rows are stored in key order on pages, and pages are linked in
key order.
 For data-only-locked tables, indexes are used to direct the storage of data on rows and
pages, but strict key ordering is not maintained.
Non-clustered: is where the storage order of data in the table is not related to index keys.
You can create only one clustered index on a table because there is only one possible physical
ordering of the data rows. You can create up to 249 non-clustered indexes per table .
Clustered and non-clustered tree indexes are illustrated below

Index entries
(Direct search for
data entries)

Index file

Data entries

Data
Records Data file

Clustered Tree Index using Alternative (2)

Index entries
(Direct search for
 data entries)

Index file

D Data entries

Data
Records Data file

Thus, clustered indexes are relatively expensive to maintain when the file is updated. Another reason
clustered indexes are expensive to maintain is that data entries may have to be moved across pages, and if
records are identified by a combination of page id and slot, as is often the case, all places in the database
that point to a moved record (typically, entries in other indexes for the same collection of records) must
also be updated to point to the new location; these additional updates can be very time consuming.

Sub-topic 2
ii. Dense Vs Sparse Indexes
Dense index point directly to individual records. In indexing, if there is one unique index entry
corresponding to every record it is called dense indexing.

A sparse: this contains index records for only some search key values. Applicable when records are
sequentially ordered on search key.

Ashby, 25, 3000

Basu, 33, 4003
22
Bristow, 292007
25
30
Ashby
33
Cass, 50, 5004
Cass Daniels, 22, 6003
Jones, 40, 6003 40
Smith
44
44
Smith, 44, 3000 50

Tracy, 44, 5004

Sparse Index Dense Index
On name on age

DATA
Sparse Versus Dense Indexes

A data file of records with three fields (name, age, and sal) is shown with two simple indexes on it, both of
which use Alternative (2) for data entry format. The first index is sparse, clustered index on name. Notice
how the order of data entries in the index corresponds to the order of records in the data file.
We cannot build a sparse index that is not clustered. Thus, we can have at most one sparse index. A sparse
index is typically much smaller than a dense index. On the other hand, some very useful optimization
techniques rely on an index being dense.
A data file is said to be inverted on a field if there is a dense secondary index on this field. A fully inverted
file is one in which there is a dense secondary index on each field that does not appear in the primary key.

EVALUATION:
(i) Differentiate between dense and sparse index
ii. What do you mean by sparse index?

READING ASSIGNMENT:
Study the topic ‘the primary and secondary index
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
OBJECTIVE TEST
1. An index that uses Alternative (2) or Alternative (3) can be a clustered index only. (a) if data
records are unsorted (b) if the data records are sorted on the search key field (c) if data records
are sorted on more than one key field (d) if data records use dense index
2. We can have at most _____ clustered index on a data file. (a) one (b) two
(c) three (d) four

WEEK NINE

DATE:.........................................

TOPIC: INDEXES (Cont.)

CONTENT:

1. Primary and Secondary Indexes

2. Indexes using composite search keys

SUBTOPIC 1: Primary and Secondary Indexes

Primary Index
Is an index on a set of fields that includes the unique primary key for the field and is guaranteed not to
contain duplicates. Student ID can be example of it.

The primary index contains the key fields of the table. The primary index is automatically created in the
database when the table is activated.

Secondary Index
Is an index that is not a primary index and may have duplicates. E.g Student name.

Two data entries are said to be duplicates if they have the same value for the search key field associated
with the index. A primary index is guaranteed not to contain duplicates, but an index on other (collections
of) field can contain duplicates. Thus, in general, a secondary index contains duplicates.
If we know that no duplicates exist, that is, we know that the search key contains some candidate key, we
call the index a unique index.

Sub-topic 2
Indexes using composite search keys

The search key for an index can contain several fields; such keys are called composite search keys or
concatenated keys. As an example, considering a collection of employee records, with fields name, age,
and sal, stored in sorted order by name.

If the search key is composite, an equality query is one in which each field in the search key is bound to a
constant. E.g. we can ask to retrieve all data entries with age =20 and sal=10. The hashed file organization
supports only equality queries, since a hash function identifies the bucket containing desired records only if
a value is specified for each field in the search key.
A range query is one in which not all fields in the search key are bound to constants. E.g. we can ask to
retrieve all data entries with age=20; thus query implies that any value is acceptable for the sal field. As
another example of a range query, we can ask to retrieve all data entries with age < 30 and sal > 40.

EVALUATION:
(i) What is the role of a database administrator?
ii. Explain primary index
iii. What are duplicates?

READING ASSIGNMENT:
Study the topic ‘Database Security’ using students’ textbook

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:
OBJECTIVE TEST:
1. DBMS can use ___ to protect information in certain situations where the normal security
mechanisms of the DBMS are not adequate. (a) access control (b) encryption (c) data mining
(d) security guard
2. An index that uses Alternative __ is called a primary index. (a) (1) (b) (2) (c) (3) (d) all of the
above
3. Alternative ___ is typically only used to build a dense index. (a) (1) (b) (2) (c) (d) all of the
above

WEEK 10: REVISION

*During this revision period Educators should ensure that students do small practical projects with
Corel Draw

WEEK 11-13 EXAMINATION