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vi Contents Responsive Web Design with HTML 5 & CSS

Creating the Nutrition Page HTML 365 Creating Multimedia Files HTML 469
CSS Grid Spans HTML 367 Embedded vs. External Multimedia HTML 471
To Create the Nutrition Page HTML 367 Media Players and Plug-Ins HTML 472
To Add article and aside Elements HTML 5 and Multimedia HTML 473
to the Nutrition Page HTML 368 Flash HTML 473
Structural Pseudo-Class, nth-of-type() HTML 372 Java Applets HTML 473
To Style the Nutrition Page for a Mobile Viewport HTML 372 Object Element HTML 474
To Style the Nutrition Page for a Tablet Viewport HTML 375 Integrating Audio HTML 474
To Style the Nutrition Page for a Desktop Viewport HTML 378 Audio File Formats HTML 475
Adding a Favicon HTML 378 File Compression and Codecs HTML 475
To Add a Favicon to a Website HTML 380 HTML 5 audio Element HTML 476
To Validate the Style Sheet HTML 383 To Add Audio to the Classes Page HTML 478
To Validate the HTML Files HTML 383 Integrating Video HTML 480
Chapter Summary HTML 384 Video File Formats HTML 480
Apply Your Knowledge HTML 385 HTML 5 video Element HTML 481
Extend Your Knowledge HTML 387 Using the video Element HTML 481
Analyze, Correct, Improve HTML 388 To Add Video to the About Us Page HTML 483
In the Lab HTML 389 To Style the Video HTML 484
Consider This: Your Turn HTML 396 Making Videos Accessible HTML 486
To Create a Captions File HTML 488
CHAPTER EIGHT To Add a Track Element HTML 490
To View Video Captions Using Web Server
Creating Tables and Forms for Chrome HTML 491
Objectives HTML 399 To Validate the Style Sheet HTML 495
Introduction HTML 400 To Validate the HTML Files HTML 495
Project—Create a Table and a Form HTML 400 Chapter Summary HTML 496
Roadmap HTML 402 Apply Your Knowledge HTML 497
Discovering Tables HTML 402 Extend Your Knowledge HTML 498
Creating a Table with HTML Elements HTML 403 Analyze, Correct, Improve HTML 498
Table Borders, Headers, and Captions HTML 404 In the Lab HTML 500
Table Element Attributes HTML 406 Consider This: Your Turn HTML 504
Use of Tables HTML 407
Planning the Table HTML 408
To Create the Classes Page HTML 408 CHAPTER TEN
To Add a div Element to the Classes Page HTML 409
To Add a Table to the Classes Page HTML 411
Creating Interactivity with CSS
Styling Table Elements HTML 415 and JavaScript
Styling Tables for Responsive Web Design HTML 416 Objectives HTML 507
To Style a Table for a Tablet Viewport HTML 417 Introduction HTML 508
To Style a Table for a Large Desktop Viewport HTML 422 Project — Add Interactivity to a Webpage HTML 508
Creating Webpage Forms HTML 423 Roadmap HTML 508
Form Controls HTML 424 Using CSS to Create Interactivity HTML 510
Form Labels HTML 429 To Apply a CSS Transform to a Webpage HTML 512
Attributes of HTML Tags Used to Create Forms HTML 429 To Add Animation to a Webpage HTML 515
Form Processing HTML 431 Incorporating JavaScript HTML 517
To Add a Form, Fieldset, Legend, Labels, and To Create a New Nav Element for
Text Input Controls to the Contact Us Page HTML 432 a Mobile Viewport HTML 519
To Add email and tel Input Controls to a Form HTML 433 To Style the New Nav Element
To Add Checkbox Controls to a Form HTML 434 for a Mobile Viewport HTML 523
To Add a select Element to a Form HTML 435 To Modify Previous Navigation Style Rules
To Add a textarea Element to a Form HTML 437 for a Mobile Viewport HTML 527
To Add a Submit Button to a Form HTML 438 JavaScript Terminology HTML 531
Styling Forms HTML 438 Writing JavaScript Code HTML 533
To Style a Form for a Mobile Viewport HTML 439 DOM Methods HTML 534
To Style a Form for a Tablet Viewport HTML 442 Using if/else Statements HTML 535
To Style a Form for a Desktop Viewport HTML 443 jQuery HTML 535
To Validate the Style Sheet HTML 444 To Create a JavaScript File HTML 536
To Validate the HTML Files HTML 445 To Create the hamburger( ) Function HTML 537
Chapter Summary HTML 445 To Call the hamburger( ) Function HTML 540
Apply Your Knowledge HTML 447 To Add and Style a Video Element
Extend Your Knowledge HTML 449 on the About Us Page HTML 541
Analyze, Correct, Improve HTML 450 To Create and Call the burpees( ) Function HTML 543
In the Lab HTML 452 To Create and Call the plank( ) Function HTML 546
Consider This: Your Turn HTML 462 To Create and Call the mountain( ) Function HTML 548
To Create and Call the discount( ) Function HTML 549
To Validate the Style Sheet HTML 552
CHAPTER NINE To Validate the HTML Files HTML 552
Integrating Audio and Video Chapter Summary HTML 553
Objectives HTML 465 Apply Your Knowledge HTML 554
Introduction HTML 466 Extend Your Knowledge HTML 555
Project — Add Audio and Video to a Webpage HTML 466 Analyze, Correct, Improve HTML 557
Roadmap HTML 468 In the Lab HTML 558
Using Multimedia HTML 468 Consider This: Your Turn HTML 567

Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Responsive Web Design with HTML 5 & CSS Contents vii

CHAPTER ELEVEN Exploring Bootstrap HTML 636

To Create a Bootstrap Webpage HTML 638
Publish, Promote, and Bootstrap Navigation Bar HTML 641
Maintain a Website To Create a Bootstrap Navigation Bar HTML 644
Objectives HTML 569 Bootstrap Responsive Containers HTML 648
Introduction HTML 570 Bootstrap Jumbotron HTML 648
Project — Publish and Promote a Website HTML 570 Margins and Padding HTML 649
Roadmap HTML 572 Images HTML 650
Using Social Media HTML 572 Bootstrap Colors HTML 651
Facebook HTML 573 Styling Buttons HTML 651
Twitter HTML 574 Custom Styles HTML 652
YouTube HTML 576 To Create a Bootstrap Jumbotron HTML 652
Instagram HTML 578 To Create Custom Style Rules HTML 654
Pinterest HTML 578 Using jQuery HTML 656
Other Social Media Options HTML 579 Add jQuery Code HTML 657
Blogs HTML 579 Using the Bootstrap Grid System HTML 659
Adding Facebook and Twitter Links to a Website HTML 580 Bootstrap Typography Classes HTML 661
To Add Social Media Icons and Add Columns Using Bootstrap HTML 661
Links to the Home Page HTML 582 To Create a Footer Element HTML 665
To Add Social Media Icons and Links to Webpages HTML 584 Add Bootstrap Classes to the About Us Page HTML 668
To Style the Copyright Class HTML 585 Styling Tables with Bootstrap HTML 674
To Style the Social Class HTML 586 Add Bootstrap Table Classes to the Classes Page HTML 675
Finding a Website HTML 589 To View the Website in a Mobile Viewport HTML 677
Search Engines HTML 589 To View the Website in a Tablet Viewport HTML 677
Search Engine Optimization HTML 589 To View the Website in a Desktop Viewport HTML 678
Meta Tags HTML 591 Content Management Systems HTML 679
To Modify Titles and Add a Description To Validate the HTML Files HTML 681
Meta Tag to a Webpage HTML 592 Chapter Summary HTML 682
To Create a Sitemap File HTML 594 Apply Your Knowledge HTML 683
Publishing a Website HTML 595 Extend Your Knowledge HTML 685
Domain Name HTML 595 Analyze, Correct, Improve HTML 686
Website Hosting HTML 596 In the Lab HTML 688
Publishing a Website HTML 597 Consider This: Your Turn HTML 699
FTP Clients HTML 597
To Start FileZilla and Connect to a Remote Server HTML 599
To Upload Folders and Files to a Remote Server HTML 600
To View and Test a Published Website
Promoting a Website
HTML 602
HTML 603 Appendices
Registering with Search Engines HTML 604
Website Development Life Cycle HTML 604 APPENDIX A
Website Planning HTML 605 HTML Quick Reference
Website Analysis HTML 606 Common HTML Elements APP 1
Website Design and Development HTML 606
Website Testing HTML 608
Implementation HTML 610 APPENDIX B
Maintenance HTML 610 CSS Quick Reference
Being an Observant Web User HTML 611 CSS Properties APP 13
To Create a Skip to Content Link HTML 612
To Style the Skip to Content Link HTML 612
To Minify a CSS File HTML 615 APPENDIX C
To Link HTML Files to the Minified CSS File HTML 616 Symbols Quick Reference
Project Management HTML 617 Using Symbols APP 25
Content Updates HTML 618
Copyright Law HTML 618
E-Commerce HTML 619 APPENDIX D
To Validate the HTML Files HTML 620 Accessibility Standards
Chapter Summary HTML 621 for Webpage Developers
Apply Your Knowledge HTML 622 Making the Web Accessible APP 27
Extend Your Knowledge HTML 623 Section 508 Guidelines Examples APP 27
Analyze, Correct, Improve HTML 623 WAI Guidelines APP 30
In the Lab HTML 625
Consider This: Your Turn HTML 630 Index IND 1

CHAPTER TWELVE
Getting Started with Bootstrap
Objectives HTML 633
Introduction HTML 634
Project — Create a Website Using Bootstrap HTML 634
Roadmap HTML 634

Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Preface

The Shelly Cashman Series® offers the finest textbooks in computer education. We are
proud that our previous web design and development books have been so well received.
With each new edition of our HTML and CSS books, we make significant improvements
based on web technology and comments made by instructors and students. For Responsive
Web Design with HTML 5 and CSS, Ninth Edition, the Shelly Cashman Series development
team carefully reviewed our pedagogy and analyzed its effectiveness in teaching today’s
student. Contemporary students read less, but need to retain more. As they develop and
perform skills, students must know how to apply the skills to different settings. Today’s
students need to be continually engaged and challenged to retain what they’re learning.
With this web design book, we continue our commitment to focusing on the user
and how they learn best.

Responsive Web Design with HTML 5 and CSS, Ninth Edition, is intended for a first course that
Objectives of offers an introduction to HTML, CSS, and responsive web design techniques. No experience with webpage
This Textbook development or computer programming is required. The objectives of this book are:
• To teach the fundamentals of how to plan and organize the webpages for a new website
• To thoroughly apply two fundamental webpage technologies to realistic case studies: HTML for
structure and CSS for style and layout
• To provide an exercise-oriented approach that reinforces learning by doing
• To introduce students to new web technologies and trends, including responsive web design and
mobile-first design strategies
• To demonstrate current techniques for incorporating audio and video and for integrating interactivity
using CSS and JavaScript
• To promote curiosity and independent exploration of web resources
• To support current, professional webpage development best practices
• To encourage independent study and support distance learners

ix

Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
x Preface Responsive Web Design with HTML 5 & CSS

The Shelly Cashman Approach

Proven Pedagogy with an Emphasis on Project Planning
Each chapter presents a practical problem to be solved, within a project planning
framework. The project orientation is strengthened by the use of the Roadmap, which
provides a visual guide for the project. Step-by-step instructions with supporting screens
guide students through the steps. Instructional steps are supported by the Q&A, Other
Ways, Experimental Steps, and BTW features.
Visually Engaging Book That Maintains Student Interest
The step-by-step tasks with supporting figures create a rich visual experience for
the student. Callouts on the screens that present both explanatory and navigational
information provide students with information they need when they need to know it.
Supporting Reference Materials (Appendices)
The appendices provide additional information about the details of HTML and CSS so
that students can quickly look up information about web design terms, HTML elements,
attributes, and valid values as well as CSS properties and values.
End-of-Chapter Student Activities
Extensive end-of-chapter activities provide a variety of reinforcement opportunities
for students where they can apply and expand their skills. To complete some of these
assignments, you will be required to use the Data Files for Students. Please contact your
instructor for information about accessing the required files.

New to This Edition

Fresh, Industry-Leading Website Design Practices
For this edition, the development team made a huge leap forward in bringing up-to-date,
forward-thinking website development practices into focus and application.
Custom Fonts
Learn how to integrate custom fonts. You are no longer limited to standard browser fonts.
Expand your font options by integrating custom Google fonts.
Design Single- and Multiple-Column Layouts
Learn how to design single-column and multiple-column layouts using the CSS Grid
Layout. Create a single-column design for a mobile layout and a multiple-column layout
for progressively larger screens.
Interactivity with CSS and JavaScript
Learn how to integrate transforms and animations, which provide interactivity to a
webpage. Create a working hamburger icon menu exclusively for a mobile viewport.
Design for Accessibility
Learn how to add closed captions to videos.
Introduction to Bootstrap
Learn how to use Bootstrap, a popular web framework, to create an entire webpage.
All New Projects
This edition contains a wealth of contemporary projects that logically build in complexity
and probe for understanding. Our goal is not only to help you teach valid HTML and
CSS, but to reveal deeper conceptual issues essential to the field of web development.
Using the technologies of today’s web developers results in websites that are worthy
candidates for an electronic portfolio.
Professional Best Practices
With the advent of today’s powerful content management systems and website builder
tools, do you still need to learn how to create HTML and CSS files from scratch in a
text editor? Professionals in the field answer that question with a united, enthusiastic yes!
Mastering these technologies is essential to all web-related careers.
Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Responsive Web Design with HTML 5 & CSS Preface xi

Instructor Resources
The Instructor Resources include both teaching and testing aids and can be accessed via
www.cengage.com/login.
Instructor’s Manual Includes lecture notes summarizing the chapter sections, figures, and boxed
elements found in every chapter, teacher tips, classroom activities, lab activities, and quick
quizzes in Microsoft® Word® files.
Figure Files Illustrations for every figure in the textbook in electronic form.

PowerPoint Presentations A multimedia lecture presentation system that provides slides for each
chapter. Presentations are based on chapter objectives.
Data Files for Students Includes all the files that are required by students to complete the
exercises.
Solutions to Exercises Includes solutions for all end-of-chapter exercises and chapter reinforce-
ment exercises.
Test Bank & Test Engine Test banks include questions for every chapter, featuring objective-based
and critical thinking question types. Cengage Learning Testing Powered by Cognero is a
flexible, online system that allows you to:
• author, edit, and manage test bank content from multiple Cengage Learning solutions
• create multiple test versions in an instant
• deliver tests from your LMS, your classroom, or wherever you want

Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Textbook Walk-Through
The Shelly Cashman Series Pedagogy: Project-Based — Step-by-Step — Variety of Assessments

HTML 340 HTML Chapter 7 Improving Web Design with New Page Layouts

Roadmaps provide a visual guide to

each project, showing the students
where they are in the process of creating
each project.

nexusby/Shutterstock.com, Source: favicon.io

Step-by-step instructions now provide a
context beyond point-and-click. Each step Figure 7–3

provides information on why students are

performing each task, or what will occur Roadmap
In this chapter, you will learn how to create the webpages shown in Figures 7–1,
as a result. 7–2, and 7–3. The following roadmap identifies general activities you will perform as
you progress through this chapter:
1. MODIFY the HOME PAGE.
2. STYLE the HOME PAGE elements.
3. MODIFY the ABOUT US PAGE.
4. CREATE AND STYLE the NUTRITION PAGE elements.
Q&A boxes anticipate questions students 5. ADD a FAVICON.

may have when working through the steps At the beginning of step instructions throughout the chapter, you will see an
abbreviated form of this roadmap. The abbreviated roadmap uses colors to indicate
and provide additional information about chapter progress: gray means the chapter is beyond that activity; blue means the
task being shown is covered in that activity, and black means that activity is yet to be
what they are doing right where they covered. For example, the following abbreviated roadmap indicates the chapter would
be showing a task in the 4 CREATE & STYLE NUTRITION PAGE activity.
need it. 1 MODIFY HOME PAGE

4 CREATE &
| 2 STYLE HOME PAGE

STYLE NUTRITION PAGE |

| 3 MODIFY ABOUT US PAGE

5 ADD FAVICON

Use the abbreviated roadmap as a progress guide while you read or step through
the instructions in this chapter.

Integrating Audio and Video HTML Chapter 9 HTML 493 Using HTML 5 Semantic Elements
HTML Chapter 9

Recall from Chapter 2 that HTML 5 semantic elements are a set of starting and
ending HTML tags that provide meaning about the content of the tags. For example,
3
the navigation system is contained within the <nav> and </nav> tags; likewise, footer
• Tap or click the Select Folder button to select the fitness folder. content is contained within the <footer> and </footer> tags.
• Tap or click the Web Server URL(s) link http://127.0.0.1:8887 to open the Forward Fitness Club website using Web Use HTML 5 semantic elements for specific types of content within a webpage.
Server for Chrome (Figure 9–32). The name of the tag reflects its purpose. Using semantic HTML 5 elements provides
a standard naming convention for webpage content, making webpages more universal,
Why did the home page open?
Q&A

Unless specified otherwise, Web Server for Chrome opens the index.html file by default. accessible, and meaningful to search engines.

index.html
web server
running HTTP

About Us link
Y Photo Studio/Shutterstock.com

Figure 9–32

4
• Tap or click the About Us link to open the webpage.
• Locate the More Options button on the right side of the video controls to prepare to display the video options
(Figure 9–33).

about.html

Explanatory callouts summarize

what is happening on screen.

Navigational callouts in red show

students where to tap or click.
Y Photo Studio/Shutterstock.com

More Options
video controls button

Figure 9–33

Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Responsive Design Part 2: Designing for Tablet and Desktop Devices HTML Chapter 6 HTML 319

HTML Chapter 6
1 ADD TABLET MEDIA QUERY & STYLES | 2 ADD DESKTOP MEDIA QUERY & STYLES | 3 MODIFY VIEWPORT BREAKPOINTS

To Add a Linear Gradient 4 INSERT & STYLE PSEUDO - CLASSES | 5 ADD LINEAR GRADIENT

Add a linear gradient to the div element with the id attribute exercises for the tablet viewport. Why? A
gradient background enhances the appearance of the webpage for tablet and desktop displays. The following steps create a
new style rule to apply a linear gradient to the #exercises selector as desired for the tablet viewport.
1
• Place the insertion point at the
end of Line 192 and press the
ENTER key to insert a new
Line 193.

• On Line 193, type

background: linear-
gradient(to right,
#ccc, #fff); to
add a new declaration
Experiment Steps within the step-by-step (Figure 6–55).
Line 193 linear gradient added
as a new declaration

instructions encourage students to explore, Why am I adding this declaration

Q&A
within the tablet media query?
experiment, and take advantage of The Common Exercises div is not
Figure 6–55
displayed on a mobile viewport.
web technologies. These steps are not Now that you have added this gradient for the tablet viewport, subsequent viewports will inherit the change.

necessary to complete the projects, but 2

• Save the styles.css file, and then refresh about.html in your browser to view the changes.
are designed to increase confidence and
Experiment
problem-solving skills. • Use Table 6–4 to change the linear gradient to a left to right or to a diagonal gradient, save the styles.css file, and
then refresh about.html in your browser.

• Return the background to a linear gradient, save the styles.css file, and then refresh about.html in your browser
(Figure 6–56).

HTML 14 HTML Chapter 1 Introduction to the Internet and Web Design

Can I redesign a desktop-only website for multiplatform display?

CONSIDER THIS

Yes. If your audience is accustomed to the desktop-only website, retrofitting the website for tablet and mobile display screens
makes sense because the site remains familiar to users. You also avoid building a new site linear
fromgradient
scratch and you can take ad-
applied
vantage of design decisions such as color scheme and use media you have already acquired. However, depending on the site
content and number of pages, redesigning may be a time-consuming process.

Wireframe
Before web designers actually start creating the first webpage for a website,
they sketch the design using a wireframe. A wireframe is a simple, visual guide that
clearly identifies the location of main webpage elements, such as the navigation area,
organization logo, content areas, and images. When you create a wireframe sketch for Figure 6–56
your webpages, use lines and boxes as shown in Figure 1–12. Also be sure to incorporate
plenty of white space within your design to improve readability and to clearly
distinguish among the areas on the webpage. You can use two types of white space:
active white space and passive white space. Active white space is an area on the page
that is intentionally left blank. Typically, the goal of active white space is to help balance
the design of an asymmetrical page. Passive white space is the space between content
areas. Passive white space helps a user focus on one part of the page. Proper use of white
space makes webpage content easy to read and brings focus to page elements.
Consider This boxes pose
thought-provoking questions
tabs or buttons with short
text links for navigating site

appealing
graphic or text
Logo Navigation with answers throughout each
passive white space
chapter, promoting critical
heading or Image banner
advertisement
thought along with immediate
passive white space

content related
feedback.
Image Article
to main content

headings and main Text area

written content active white space

Image

legal matter and Footer

contact details

Figure 1–12

What tools can I use to create a wireframe?

CONSIDER THIS

You can use one of several free tools to create a wireframe, including Pencil Project, Mockplus, and Wireframe CC. You can
also use drawing tools in Microsoft Word or PowerPoint or a pen and paper.

Site Map
A site map is a planning tool that lists or displays all the pages on a website
and indicates how they are related to each other. In other words, a site map shows
the structure of a website. Begin defining the structure of a website by identifying the
information to provide and then organize that information into divisions using
the organizing method that makes the most sense for the content. For example, if the
website offers three types of products for sale, organize the site by product category.
If the website provides training, organize the site in a step-by-step sequence.

Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Textbook Walk-Through
HTML 198 HTML Chapter 4 Designing Webpages with CSS

Chapter Summary lists the tasks

Chapter Summary
completed in the chapter, grouped In this chapter, you learned how to create a CSS file with rules to style HTML elements on a webpage. You
into major task categories in an linked the CSS file to all of the webpages for the fitness website. The items listed below include all the new
concepts and skills you have learned in this chapter, with the tasks grouped by activity.
outline format. Using Cascading Style Sheets Create a Style Rule for the List Items within the
Inline, Embedded, and External Style Nav (HTML 170)
Sheets (HTML 147, HTML 148) Create a Style Rule for the List Item Anchor
CSS Basics (HTML 149) Elements within the Nav (HTML 170)
CSS Text Properties (HTML 150) Creating Responsive Image
CSS Colors (HTML 151) Create a Style Rule for Img Element (HTML 173)
Understanding Inline Elements and Block Elements Remove Height and Width Attributes from Img
CSS Box Model (HTML 154) Elements (HTML 174)
Creating an External Style Sheet Creating Style Rules for ID and Class Attributes
Create a CSS File (HTML 157) Create a Style Rule for ID Attributes
Create a Style Rule for the Body Element (HTML 157) (HTML 179)
Linking an HTML Document to a CSS File Use the Span Element (HTML 184)
Link HTML Pages to the CSS File (HTML 159) Create a Style Rule for Class Attributes
Apply Your Knowledge exercise Creating a Webpage Layout
(HTML 184)
Creating a CSS Reset
usually requires students to open Set Float and Clear Properties (HTML 161)
Create a CSS Reset Style Rule (HTML 190)
Creating Style Rules for Structural Elements
and manipulate a file to practice the Create Style Rules for the Header, Nav, Main, and Adding Comments to CSS Files
Add Comments to a CSS File (HTML 193)
Footer Elements (HTML 163–HTML 178)
activities learned in the chapter. Modifying the Nav to use an unordered list Validating CSS Files
Create a Style Rule for the Unordered List within the Validate the CSS File (HTML 195)
Nav (HTML 169)

What decisions will you need to make when creating your next CSS file?
CONSIDER THIS

Use these guidelines as you complete the assignments in this chapter and create your own websites outside of this class.
1. Determine properties for your HTML elements (such as header, nav, main, and footer).
a. Set webpage width and centering characteristics.
b. Decide on any necessary text properties to use for font face, size, and style.
c. Set text and background colors.
Creating Tables and Forms d. Decide
HTML if you
Chapter 8 need
HTMLborders,
447 and then set the style, size, and color of the border.
HTML Chapter 8
e. Float any content that needs to appear on the same line.
f. Determine the amount of margins and padding to use.
Apply Your Knowledge 2. Link the CSS file to your HTML pages and website template.
a. Add comments to your CSS file, noting the declarations for each selector.
Reinforce the skills and apply the concepts you learned in this chapter.
b. Validate your CSS file to confirm that it does not contain any errors.
c. View your website in a browser to see the applied styles throughout the development process.
Using Tables d. Determine any changes that need to be made and revalidate.
Note: To complete this assignment, you will be required to use the Data Files. Please3.contact your
Depending on the structure of your website, determine if you should create additional CSS files to accommodate multiple
STUDENT ASSIGNMENTS

instructor for information about accessing the Data Files. wireframes or different media such as mobile or print. Styling for multiple devices will be covered in later chapters.

Instructions: In this exercise, you will use your text editor to create a table and apply table styles.
First, you insert a table element. Next, you add a table caption, table rows, table headers, and table
data. Then, you create style rules to format the table. Work with the index.html fileHow should
in the you submit solutions to questions in the assignments identified with a
apply symbol? Every assignment in this
CONSIDER THIS

book contains
folder and the apply08.css file in the apply\css folder from the Data Files. The completed one or more questions identified with a
webpage symbol. These questions require you to think beyond the assigned
presentation. Present your solutions to the questions in the format required by your instructor. Possible formats may include one
is shown in Figure 8–67. You will also use professional web development practices to indent, space,
or more of these options: create a document that contains the answer; present your answer to the class; discuss your answer
comment, and validate your code. in a group; record the answer as audio or video using a webcam, smartphone, or portable media player; or post answers on a
blog, wiki, or website.

Consider This: Plan Ahead box

presents a single master planning
guide that students can use as they
Figure 8–67
create webpages on their own.

Perform the following tasks:

1. Open index.html in the chapter08\apply folder from the Data Files in your text editor. Review
the page, add a title, modify the comment at the top of the page to include your name and
today’s date, and replace “Student’s Name” with your name in the footer element.
2. Open the apply08.css file from the apply\css folder. Modify the comment at the top of the style
sheet to include your name and today’s date.
3. In the index.html file, add a table element within the main element.
4. Nest the following caption element within the table element:
<caption>2025 Sales by Quarter</caption>
5. Insert five table rows after the caption and include a comment that specifies the row number.
Follow the example below:
<tr><!-- Row 1 -->
</tr>

Continued >

Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Visit https://testbankfan.com
now to explore a rich
collection of testbank or
solution manual and enjoy
exciting offers!
 Responsive Design Part 1: Designing for Mobile Devices HTML Chapter 5 HTML 269

HTML Chapter 5
Extend Your Knowledge
Extend the skills you learned in this chapter and experiment with new skills. You may
need to use additional resources to complete the assignment.

Working with Positions

STUDENT ASSIGNMENTS
Instructions: In this exercise, you will create and modify style rules to learn more about how to place
elements on a page using positions. An example of page element positions is shown in Figure 5–66.

Analyze, Correct, Improve

projects call on students to analyze a
file, discover errors in it, fix the errors,
and then improve the file using the
skills they learned in the chapter.
Figure 5–66

Perform the following tasks:

1. Open your text editor and then open the index.html file in the chapter05\extend folder from
the Data Files. Update the comment with your name and today’s date.
2. Open index.html in your browser to view the file.
Responsive Design Part 2: Designing for Tablet and Desktop Devices HTML Chapter 6 HTML 327

HTML Chapter 6
3. Open the extend05.css file in your text editor. Locate the “sticky” comment and create a style
rule for the sticky class selector. Add a declaration for the position property with a value of
-webkit-sticky. Add a declaration for the position property with a value of19.sticky Save your
. changes and refresh extend06.html in your browser to view the changes.
Add a declaration for the top property and specify a zero value. Save your changes, refresh
20. Save your files and submit them in a format specified by your instructor.
your page, and scroll down to view the changes. In the index.html file, use the empty
21. paragraph
In this exercise, you explored more about gradients and used percentages to set color stops.
element within the sticky div element to briefly explain how to use the sticky position.
You also used rgba to set transparency in step 14. Use your browser to research how to set
4. In the extend05.css file, locate the “relative” comment and create a style rule for thegradient
relative color stops using percentages. Also research how to use the rgba() function to create

STUDENT ASSIGNMENTS
class selector. Add a declaration for the position property with a value of relative . Add
transparency. Include a description of your findings.
another declaration for the top property and specify a value of 90 pixels. Add another
Analyze,
declaration for the left property with a value of 30 pixels. Save your changes, refresh your Correct, Improve
page, and scroll down to view the changes. Return to extend05.css file and modify the top and
Analyze
left property values to a value of your choice. In the index.html file, use the empty a webpage, correct all errors, and improve it.
paragraph
element within the relative div element to identify the values you used for the top and left
properties and how it affected the relative box. Modifying Media Queries
Note: To complete this assignment, you will be required to use the Data Files. Please contact your
Continued >
instructor for information about accessing the Data Files.

Instructions: The analyze06.html webpage is a draft website template, but must be corrected and
improved for responsive design before presenting it to a client. Use Figure 6–63, Figure 6–64, and
Figure 6–65 as a guide to correct these files.

Extend Your Knowledge projects

Courtesy of Jessica Minnick

at the end of each chapter allow

students to extend and expand on
the skills learned within the chapter.
Figure 6–63
Students use critical thinking to
experiment with new skills to
complete each project.
Courtesy of Jessica Minnick

Figure 6–64
Continued >

Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Textbook Walk-Through
HTML 500 HTML Chapter 9 Integrating Audio and Video

STUDENT ASSIGNMENTS
Analyze, Correct, Improve continued

g. Validate the HTML file and correct any errors.

h. Submit the assignment in the format specified by your instructor.
i. Use your browser to research screen readers. What are the most popular screen readers?
Is there a screen reader extension available for Google Chrome?

In the Lab
Labs 1 and 2, which increase in difficulty, require you to create webpages based on what
you learned in the chapter; Lab 3 is ideal for group projects/collaboration.

Lab 1: Adding Audio to the Strike a Chord Website

In the Lab Three in-depth Problem: You work for a local music lesson company called Strike a Chord that provides music
lessons for piano, guitar, and violin. The company needs a web presence and has hired you to create
assignments in each chapter their website. You have already created the website and now need to add audio to the Lessons page.
Figure 9–39 shows the Lessons page with the audio files.
require students to apply the
chapter concepts and techniques to
solve problems. One Lab is devoted

Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock.com, istockphoto.com/

to independent exploration.

GlobalStock, istockphoto.com/PamelaJoeMcFarlane
HTML 504 HTML Chapter 9 Integrating Audio and Video
STUDENT ASSIGNMENTS

Figure 9–39
In the Lab continued
Instructions: Perform the following tasks:
13. Check your spelling. Validate all HTML and CSS files and correct any errors. Save your1. Open your music folder and create a new subfolder named media. Copy the Data Files from
changes. chapter09/lab1 to your media folder.
14. Submit your assignment in the format specified by your instructor. 2. Open the lessons.html file in your text editor and update the comment with today’s date.
15. Identify the resource you used to make your video. Identify the resource you used for3.audio.
In the piano section, after the paragraph element, insert two new blank lines and then add an
Identify the resource you used for file conversions. h4 element with the text, Piano Spring Performance.
4. Below the h4 element, add an audio element with the controls attribute.
Consider This: Your Turn 5. Nest a source element within the audio element that specifies the piano.mp3 as the source
file, located in the media folder, and audio/mp3 as the type.
Apply your creative thinking and problem-solving skills to design and implement a
6. Nest another source element that specifies the piano.ogg as the source file and audio
solution.
/ogg as the type.
7. Below the source element, provide fallback text for legacy browsers that do not support the
1. Adding Audio to Your Personal Portfolio Website audio element.
Personal
Part 1: You have already developed a responsive website for your personal portfolio and now need
to add audio to the website.
1. Open your portfolio folder and create a new subfolder named media.
2. Add the audio element to one of your webpages. Review your webpages to determine which
page will use the audio element.
3. Determine which attributes to include for the audio element. Include at least two source
files. You may use an existing audio file that you have, you may create an audio file, or you can Consider This: Your Turn exercises call
research the Internet for a free audio resource, such as freemusicarchive.com. Save your audio
source files in your portfolio/media folder. on students to apply creative-thinking
4. Provide fallback text for legacy browsers that do not support the video element.
5. Save and test your files.
and problem-solving skills to design and
6. Validate and correct your HTML file as needed. implement a solution.
7. Submit your assignment in the format specified by your instructor.

Part 2: Discuss the reasons you should or should not include audio on your portfolio webpage.

2. Adding a Video to the Dog Grooming Website

Professional
Part 1: You have already created a responsive design website for a dog grooming business, but now
need to add a video to the website and make it accessible.
1. Open your groom folder and create a new subfolder named media. Copy the Data Files from
chapter09/your_turn2 to your groom/media folder.
2. Open the index.html file in your text editor. Add a video element at the end of the welcome div.
Include the controls attribute and a poster attribute that uses the image file of your choice.
3. Nest a source element within the video element that specifies groom.mp4 as the source file
and video/mp4 as the type.
4. Nest another source element that specifies groom.webm as the source file and video
/webm as the type.
5. Open the media\captions.vtt file in your text editor. Add your name and date to the NOTE.
Use Table 9–9 to create a captions file.

Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 HTML

1 Introduction to the
Internet and Web Design

Home Page

Training Training
module 1 module 3
page 1 page 1
Logo Navigation

Image banner Training Training

module 1 module 3
introduction introduction

Objectives
You will have mastered Image
the material in this chapter when
Articleyou can:

• Define the Internet and associated key • Design for accessibility

Training Training Training
terms Text
module 1 area module 2 module 3
page 2 • Design for multiplatform display
introduction page 2

• Recognize Internet protocols

Image
• DefineWebbed
Hypertext
structure
Markup Language
• Discuss web browsers and identify their (HTML) and HTML elements
main features
• Recognize HTML versions and web
• Describe the types and purposes of programming languages
Footer
websites
• Identify web authoring tools
• Plan a website for a target audience
• Download and use a web authoring tool
• Define a wireframe and a site map
• Create and view a basic HTML webpage
• Explain how websites use graphics,
navigation tools, typography, and color
Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
HTML

1 Introduction to the Internet

and Web Design
Introduction
Today, millions of people worldwide have access to the Internet, the world’s largest
network. Billions of webpages providing information on any subject you can imagine
are currently available on the web. People use the Internet to search for information,
to communicate with others around the world, and to seek entertainment. Students
use the Internet to register for classes, pay tuition, and find out final grades. Businesses
and other organizations rely on the Internet and the web to sell products and services.
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) are two of
the technologies that make this possible.
HTML 5.2 is the most recent version of HTML and is called HTML 5. Before
exploring the details of creating webpages with HTML 5 and CSS, it is useful to look
at how these technologies relate to the development of the Internet and the web.
In this chapter, you learn some basics about the Internet and the web, and the rules
both follow to allow computers to communicate with each other. You review types of
websites and learn how to properly plan a website so that it is appealing and useful to
your target audience. You also explore web browsers, HTML, and its associated key
terms. Lastly, you create a basic webpage using a text editor.

Project — Create a Basic Webpage

People and organizations create webpages to attract attention to information such as
products, services, multimedia, news, and research. Although webpages display content
including text, drawings, photos, animations, videos, and links to other webpages, they
are created as documents containing only text.
The project in this chapter follows general guidelines and uses a text editor to
create the webpage shown in Figure 1–1. Figure 1–1a shows the code, meaningful
combinations of text and symbols that a web browser interprets to display the webpage
shown in Figure 1–1b. Content is displayed in two areas within the web browser. One
part of the code indicates that text should be displayed as the webpage title, which
appears in the browser tab. Another part of the code specifies that a line of text should
appear as a paragraph within the browser window.

HTML 2

Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 HTML

Source: Notepad++

Source: Google Chrome

(a) HTML Code in index.html

(b) Webpage in Google Chrome

Figure 1–1

Roadmap
In this chapter, you learn how to create the webpage shown in Figure 1–1. The
following roadmap identifies general activities you perform as you progress through
this chapter:
1. run a text editor and create a blank document.
2. enter html tags in the document.
3. add text to the webpage.
4. save the webpage as an HTML document.
5. view the webpage in a browser.

At the beginning of step instructions throughout the chapter, you see an

abbreviated form of this roadmap. The abbreviated roadmap uses colors to indicate
chapter progress: gray means the chapter is beyond that activity; blue means the
task being shown is covered in that activity; and black means that activity is yet to be
covered. For example, the following abbreviated roadmap indicates the chapter would
be showing a task in the 4 SAVE WEBPAGE activity.
1 run text editor & create blank document | 2 enter html tags

3 add text | 4 save webpage | 5 view webpage

Use the abbreviated roadmap as a progress guide while you read or step through
the instructions in this chapter.

Exploring the Internet

Every day, millions of people use a computer to connect to the Internet. The
Internet is a worldwide collection of computers linked together for use by businesses,
governments, educational institutions, other organizations, and individuals using
modems, phone lines, television cables, satellite links, fiber-optic connections, radio
waves, and other communications devices and media (Figure 1–2).
HTML 3

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
Rivers, 14, 99, 226.
Rizzio, 283.
Roads, 172, 173.
Rob Roy, 38, 98, 213.
Roderick Dhu, 62, 166, 215, 216.
Roman Wall, 15, 51.
Romans, 51–53, 279.
Rome, 15, 264.
“Roslyn Castle,” 163.
Roslyn Chapel, 43.
Rous, 258, 262.
Ruins, 39–42, 47, 70, 71, 192, 200, 205.
Ruskin, 128, 133.
Russia, 256.
Russian fleet, 194.
Rutgers College, 58.

Sabbath, 17, 37.

St. Andrews, 80, 244, 247, 280.
St. Giles, 268, 284.
St. Kentigern, 21.
St. Martin, 128.
St. Modan, 43.
St. Nicholas, 206.
St. Winifred, 264.
Saints, 21.
Santa Claus, 206.
Sassenach, or Saxons, 152.
Saxe, John G., 60.
Scandinavians, 121, 127, 280.
Scenery, 55, 103–04, 205, 212.
Schaff, Philip, 250, 251, 255.
Schools, 199.
Scone, 265, 281.
Scotch-Irish, 272–74.
Scotland, 7, 9, 51–54, 257, 280.
Scots in America, 63, 72, 122, 123, 128, 148, 218, 223, 236, 272.
Scots in England, 241, 248, 252, 254, 255, 258, 285.
Scott, Michael, 38, 41, 42.
Scott, Sir Walter, 18, 28, 41–44, 46–49, 96, 219, 246, 286.
Scrooby, 264.
Serfs, 170.
Servants, 262, 263.
Shakespeare, 45, 89.
Shaler, Prof. N. S., 275.
Sharp, Archbishop, 285.
Shaving, 43.
Sheep, 181, 207, 208.
Shenstone, William, 259.
Shetlands, 204, 210.
Shields, 172.
See Targets.
Shoes, 145, 167.
Skye, 210.
Snobs, 143, 144.
Snowdon, 99, 216, 217.
Soap, 26, 33, 140.
Songs, 105, 116–18, 139, 140, 154, 156, 164, 184, 185, 228, 232.
Spain, 206, 236, 248, 283.
Spaniards, 206–08.
Spearman, 151.
Speech, 3, 12, 56.
Spurs, 62.
Staffa, 123–25.
Stage, 63.
Stage-riding, 111, 215.
Stars and Stripes, 14, 163.
Stirling, 97–107.
Stone Haven, 65, 192.
Strathclyde, 56, 280.
Strathmore, 97, 100.
Streets, 31, 32, 199.
Stuarts, 101, 155, 157, 160, 167, 168, 271, 282, 285.
Suffragettes, 250.
Sullivan, General John, 63.
Sutherland, 210.
Switzerland, 33.
Swords, 15, 20, 149–52, 172, 219, 274.

Tam o’ Shanter, 226.

Targets, 150, 151, 172.
Tartans, 109, 110, 187, 188, 190.
Tatnall, Commodore, 197.
Tay River, 68, 77, 279.
Tea, 154, 261.
Temperament, 221, 222.
Teutonic tribes, 24, 257, 280.
Thackeray, 143.
Thistle, 101, 206, 282.
Ticonderoga, 167.
Tobacco, 25.
Togo, Admiral, 194.
Towers, 50, 55, 205, 209, 210.
Trawlers, 194, 195.
Trees, 93.
Tron, 84.
Trossachs, 214–16.
Tulchan Bishops, 242, 243.
Turner, 217.
Tweed River, 41–43, 54.

Ulster, 271, 272–74.

Ultima Thule, 205.
Union Jack, 284.
Union of England and Scotland, 100, 282, 284, 285.
United States, 196, 276–77.
United States of the World, 62, 227.
Unst, 205.

Vassar College, 276.

Venezuela, 260, 265.
Vengeance, 166, 167.
Victoria, Queen, 70, 83, 286.
Vikings, 121.

Wade, General, 172–76, 285.

Wales, 24.
Wallace, William, 15, 77, 281.
Ward Chapel, 80.
Wardens, 58.
War of 1914, 140, 165, 190, 194, 195, 202, 265, 266, 268, 269.
Washerwomen, 145.
Waterfalls, 138.
Water-power, 213, 216.
Watt, James, 131.
Waves, 7, 192, 203.
Weather, 132, 135–37, 203.
Western Islands, 120.
Whales, 205.
Whiskey, 140, 181.
White, Andrew D., 73.
White Cockade, 156.
Whittier, 243.
Wigtown, 285.
William III, 110–16, 122, 132, 285.
William of Deloraine, 38, 40.
William of Orange, 237, 238, 241.
William the Lion, 146, 281.
Wishart, George, 78, 79.
Witchcraft, 226, 282.
Wolfe, 160.
Women and John Knox, 250–54.
Wordsworth, 1.
Wynds, 30.

Yew Isle, 213.

Yew trees, 213.
 The Riverside Press
CAMBRIDGE . MASSACHUSETTS
U . S . A
 Transcriber’s Notes
Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made
consistent when a predominant preference was found in the
original book; otherwise they were not changed.
Simple typographical errors were corrected; unbalanced
quotation marks were remedied when the change was
obvious, and otherwise left unbalanced.
Illustrations in this eBook have been positioned between
paragraphs and outside quotations. In versions of this eBook
that support hyperlinks, the page references in the List of
Illustrations lead to the corresponding illustrations.
The index was not checked for proper alphabetization or
correct page references.
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