Geography of Uttar Pradesh

12/1/24, 11:03 AM Geography of Uttar Pradesh - Wikipedia
Geography of Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh is India's fourth largest state by land area, and

most populous state, located in the north-central part of the
country. It spreads over a large area, and the plains of the state
are quite distinctly different from the high mountains in the
north. The climate of this state can also vary widely - primarily
due to it being far from the moderating effect of the sea and the
occasional cold air arising due to western disturbances.it has
been seen that in uttar pradesh there is very hot climate wright
now
Location A relief map of Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh is bounded by Uttarakhand and Himachal

Pradesh on the north-west, Haryana and Delhi on the west,
Rajasthan on the south-west, Madhya Pradesh on the south,
Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand on south-east and Bihar on the
east. Situated between 23°52'N and 31°28'N latitudes and
77°3'E and 84°39'E longitudes, this is the fourth largest state in
the country in terms of area, and the first in terms of
population. Uttar Pradesh can be divided into four distinct
hypsographical regions :
1. The Shivalik foothills

2. Terai in the North A map of Uttar Pradesh
3. The Gangetic Plain in the centre - Highly fertile alluvial
soils; flat topography broken by numerous ponds, lakes,
and rivers; slope 2 m/km
4. The Vindhya Hills and plateau in the south - Hard rock Strata; varied topography of mountains,
hills, plains, valleys, and plateau; limited water availability.
5. The Shivalik Range which forms the southern foothills of the Himalayas, slopes down into a
boulder bed called Bhabar.
The transitional belt running along the entire length of the state is called the Terai and Bhabar
area. It has rich forests, cutting across it are innumerable streams that swell into raging torrents
during the monsoon. The Bhabar tract gives place to the terai area which is covered with tall
elephant grass and thick forests interspersed with marshes and swamps. The sluggish rivers of the
Bhabar deepen in this area, their course running through a tangled mass of thick undergrowth. The
terai runs parallel to the Bhabar in a thin strip. The main crops are wheat, rice, and sugar cane.
Jute also is grown.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Uttar_Pradesh 1/4
The most important area for the economy of the state is the Gangetic plain which stretches across
the entire length of the state from east to west. The entire alluvial plain can be divided into three
sub-regions. The first is the eastern tract consisting of 14 districts which are subject to periodical
floods and droughts and have been classified as scarcity areas. These districts have the highest
density of population which gives the lowest per capita land. The other two regions, the central and
the western are comparatively better with a well-developed irrigation system. They suffer from
waterlogging and large-scale user tracts. The Gangetic plain is watered by the Yamuna, the Ganges
and its major tributaries, the Ramganga, the Gomati, the Ghaghra and Gandak. The whole plain is
alluvial and very fertile. The chief crops cultivated here are rice, wheat, pearl millet, gram, and
barley. Sugar cane is the chief cash crop of the region. • The southern fringe of the Gangetic is
demarcated by the Vindhya Hills and plateau. It comprises the four districts of Jhansi, Jalaun,
Banda, and Hamirpur in Bundelkhand division, Meja and Karchhana tehsils of Allahabad district,
the whole of Mirzapur district south of Ganges and Chakia tehsil of Chandauli district. The ground
is strong with low hills. The Betwa and Ken rivers join the Yamuna from the south-west in this
region. It has four distinct kinds of soil, two of which are agriculturally difficult to manage. They
are black cotton soil. Rainfall is scanty and erratic and water-resources are scarce. Dry farming is
practical on a large scale.
Climate
The climate of the state is tropical monsoon. The average temperature varies in the plains from 3 to
4 °C in January to 43 to 45 °C in May and June. There are three distinct seasons - winter from
October to February, summer from March to mid-June, and the rainy season from June to
September.
The rainfall in the plains is heaviest in the east and decreases towards the north-west. Floods are a
recurring problem in the state, causing damage to crops, life, and property. The worst floods were
in 1971, when 51 of the 54 districts of the state were affected — an area of nearly 52,000 square
kilometres. The eastern districts are the most vulnerable to floods, the western districts slightly
less and the central region markedly less. The eastern districts susceptibility to floods is ascribed,
among other things, to heavy rainfall, low flat country, high subsoil water level and the silting of
beds which causes river levels to rise. The problem in the western districts is mainly poor drainage
caused by the obstruction of roads, railways, canals, new built-up areas etc. There is water logging
in large areas. The major flood-prone rivers are the Ganga, Yamuna, Gomti, Ghaghara, Rapti,
Sharda and Ramganga. The inadequate drainage capacity of the smaller western Sirsa, Kali and the
Aligarh drain is also a cause of floods.
Flora and fauna

Recorded Forest Area constitute about 6.88% of the total geographical area of the state and Total
Forest and Tree cover is 9.01% of total geographical area.[1] The Terai and Bhabar area in the
Gangetic Plain have most of the forests. The Vindhyan forests consists mostly of scrub. The
districts of Jaunpur, Ghazipur and Ballia have no forest land, while 31 other districts have less
forest area.
Forests
The existing flora in Uttar Pradesh can be classified into three categories-
Wet tropical deciduous forests.

Dry tropical deciduous forests.
Tropical thorny forests.[2]
On the Shivalik foothills and in the terai-bhabhar area grow the sal and gigantic haldu. Along river
courses the shisham grows in abundance. The Vindhyan forests have dhak, teak, mahua, salai,
chironji and tendu. Sisso is mostly used for furniture while khair yields kattha, which is taken with
betel leaves or pan. Semal and gutel are used as matchwood and kanju in the plywood industry.
Babul provides the principal tanning material of the state. Some of the grasses such as baib and
bamboo are raw material for the paper industry. Tendu leaves are used in making bidis (Indian
cigarettes), and cane is used in baskets and furniture.
Species of grasses have been collected from the Gangetic plain. Herbs include medicinal plants like
Rauvolfia serpentina, Viala serpens, podophyllum, hexandrum and Ephecra gerardiana.
Animal life
Corresponding to its variegated topography and climate, the state has a wealth of animal life. Its
avifauna is among the richest in the country. Animals that can be found in the jungles of Uttar
Pradesh include the tiger, leopard, wild bear, sloth bear, chital, sambhar, golden jackal, porcupine,
jungle cat, hare, squirrel, monitor lizards, and fox. The most common birds include the crow,
pigeon, dove, jungle fowl, black partridge, house sparrow, peafowl, blue jay, parakeet, kite, mynah,
quail, bulbul, kingfisher and woodpecker.
Certain species are found in special habitats. The elephant is confined to the terai and the foothills.
The gond and para also found in this region. The chinkara and the sandgrouse prefer a dry climate,
and are native to the Vindhyan forests. Among the game birds resident in the state are the snipe,
comb duck, grey duck, cotton teal and whistling teal.
Several species of wildlife have become extinct in Uttar Pradesh. Among them are the lion from the
Gangetic plain and the rhinoceros from the terai. The fate of many species is uncertain, including
the tiger, black buck, serow, swamp deer, bustard, pink-headed duck, and mural pheasants and
four-horned antelope. Although determined enforcement of laws against poaching and hunting has
yielded some results, the wildlife population today is alarmingly low. Gharials are poached for their
skin.
To preserve its wildlife the state has established one National Park; Dudhwa National Park and 12
game sanctuaries..
See also
Geography of India
References
1. "Uttar Pradesh Status of Environment" (http://upenvis.nic.in/database/forest_838.aspx).
2. "Uttar Pradesh Status of Environment" (http://upenvis.nic.in/database/forest_838.aspx).
About Uttar Pradesh (http://www.maharashtraweb.com/UttarPradesh/aboututtarpradesh.htm)

Uttar Pradesh (http://www.newkerala.com/states-of-india/uttar-pradesh.php)
Media related to Geography of Uttar Pradesh at Wikimedia Commons
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12/1/24, 11:03 AM Geography of Uttar Pradesh - Wikipedia

Uttar Pradesh is India's fourth largest state by land area, and

Location A relief map of Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh is bounded by Uttarakhand and Himachal

1. The Shivalik foothills

Flora and fauna

Wet tropical deciduous forests.

About Uttar Pradesh (http://www.maharashtraweb.com/UttarPradesh/aboututtarpradesh.htm)

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Uttar_Pradesh&oldid=1249708448"

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