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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
A Adenine
ACAT Acyl-CoA cholesterol acyl transferase
ACP Acyl carrier protein
ADP Adenosine diphosphate
AIDS Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
AMP Adenosine monophosphate
ATCase Aspartate transcarbamoylase
ATP Adenosine triphosphate
bp Base pairs
C Cytosine
cAMP Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
CAP Catabolite activator protein
CDP Cytidine diphosphate
Chl Chlorophyll
CMP Cytidine monophosphate
CoA (CoA-SH) Coenzyme A
CoQ Coenzyme Q
CTP Cytidine triphosphate
d Deoxy
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNase Deoxyribonuclease
DV Daily value
EF Elongation factor
ER Endoplasmic reticulum
FAD Flavin adenine dinucleotide (oxidized form)
FADH2 Flavin adenine dinucleotide (reduced form)
fMet N-Formylmethionine
FMN Flavin mononucleotide
G Guanine
GDP Guanosine diphosphate
GMP Guanosine monophosphate
GSH Glutathione (reduced form)
GSSG Glutathione (oxidized form)
GTP Guanosine triphosphate
Hb Hemoglobin
HDL High-density lipoprotein
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus
HMG-CoA b-Hydroxy-b-methylglutaryl-CoA
HPLC High-performance liquid chromatography
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IF Initiation factor
KM Michaelis constant
LDL Low-density lipoprotein
Mb Myoglobin
NAD+ Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized form)
NADH Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced form)
NADP+ Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
(oxidized form)
NADPH Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
(reduced form)
Pi Phosphate ion
PAGE Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
PCR Polymerase chain reaction
PEP Phosphoenolpyruvate
PIP2 Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate
PKU Phenylketonuria
Pol DNA polymerase
PPi Pyrophosphate ion
PRPP Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate
PS Photosystem
RF Release factor
RFLPs Restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms
RNA Ribonucleic acid
RNase Ribonuclease
mRNA Messenger RNA
rRNA Ribosomal RNA
tRNA Transfer RNA
snRNP Small nuclear ribounuclear protein
S Svedberg unit
SCID Severe combined immune deficiency
SSB Single-strand binding protein
SV40 Simian virus 40
T Thymine
TDP Thymidine diphosphate
TMP Thymidine monophosphate
TTP Thymidine triphosphate
U Uracil
UDP Uridine diphosphate
UMP Uridine monophosphate
UTP Uridine triphosphate
Vmax Maximal velocity
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Biochemistry
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Biochemistry 7th EDITION
Mary K. Campbell
Mount Holyoke College
Shawn O. Farrell
Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States
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Biochemistry, 7th Edition © 2012, 2009 Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning
Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright
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To all of those who made this text possible and especially to all of
the students who will use it.
—Mary K. Campbell
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About the Authors
Mary K. Campbell
Mary K. Campbell is professor emeritus of chemistry at Mount Holyoke
College, where she taught a one-semester biochemistry course and advised un-
dergraduates working on biochemical research projects. She frequently taught
general chemistry and physical chemistry as well. At some point in her 36 years
at Mount Holyoke, she taught every subfield of chemistry, except the lecture
portion of organic chemistry. Her avid interest in writing led to the publica-
tion of the first six highly successful editions of this textbook. Originally from
Philadelphia, Mary received her Ph.D. from Indiana University and did post-
doctoral work in biophysical chemistry at Johns Hopkins University. Her area
of interest includes researching the physical chemistry of biomolecules, specifi-
cally, spectroscopic studies of protein–nucleic acid interactions.
Mary enjoys traveling and recently visited parts of Mexico near her current
home in Tucson, Arizona. She participates in events at the University of Ari-
zona and enjoys hiking in the desert and the mountains.
Shawn O. Farrell
Shawn O. Farrell grew up in northern California and received a B.S. degree in
biochemistry from the University of California, Davis, where he studied carbo-
hydrate metabolism. He completed his Ph.D. in biochemistry at Michigan State
University, where he studied fatty acid metabolism. For 18 years, Shawn worked
at Colorado State University teaching undergraduate biochemistry lecture and
laboratory courses. Because of his interest in biochemical education, Shawn
has written a number of scientific journal articles about teaching biochemis-
try. He is the coauthor (with Lynn E. Taylor) of Experiments in Biochemistry: A
Hands-On Approach. Shawn became interested in biochemistry while in college
because it coincided with his passion for bicycle racing. An active outdoors-
man, Shawn raced competitively for 17 years and now officiates at bicycle races
around the world. He is currently the technical director of USA Cycling, the
national governing body of bicycle racing in the United States. He is also an
avid fly fisherman, a third-degree black belt in Tae Kwon Do, and a first-degree
black belt in combat hapkido. Shawn has also written articles on fly fishing for
Salmon Trout Steelheader magazine. His other passions are soccer, chess, and for-
eign languages. He is fluent in Spanish and French and is currently learning
German and Italian.
On his fiftieth birthday, he had his first downhill skiing lesson and now can-
not get enough of it. Never tired of education, he visited CSU again, this time
from the other side of the podium, and earned his Master of Business Admin-
istration in 2008.
vi
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Brief Contents
Small, Smaller, Smallest: Beyond the Electron Microscope to Single Molecules HT17
16 Carbohydrates 451
17 Glycolysis 481
22 Photosynthesis 627
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Contents
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Contents xi
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xii Contents
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Contents xiii
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xiv Contents
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Contents xv
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xvi Contents
Summary 649
24 Integration of Metabolism:
Review Exercises 650 Cellular Signaling 687
Annotated Bibliography 651 24.1 Connections between Metabolic Pathways 687
24.2 Biochemistry and Nutrition 687
23 The Metabolism of Nitrogen 653 Biochemical Connections: Alcohol Consumption
and Addiction 689
23.1 Nitrogen Metabolism: An Overview 653
Biochemical Connections: Iron: An Example of a
23.2 Nitrogen Fixation 653 Mineral Requirement 692
Biochemical Connections: Why Is the Nitrogen The Food Pyramid 692
Content of Fertilizers So Important? 655
24.3 Hormones and Second Messengers 695
23.3 Feedback Inhibition in Nitrogen Metabolism 656
Hormones 695
23.4 Amino Acid Biosynthesis 656 Second Messengers 699
23.5 Essential Amino Acids 666 Cyclic AMP and G Proteins 699
23.6 Amino Acid Catabolism 666 Calcium Ion as a Second Messenger 700
Excretion of Excess Nitrogen 667 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases 701
Biochemical Connections: Water and the Disposal 24.4 Hormones and the Control of Metabolism 703
of Nitrogen Wastes 668
24.5 Insulin and Its Effects 706
Biochemical Connections: Chemotherapy and
Antibiotics—Taking Advantage of the Need for Folic Insulin Receptors 707
Acid 671 Insulin’s Effect on Glucose Uptake 707
23.7 Purine Biosynthesis 672 Biochemical Connections: Insulin and
Low-Carbohydrate Diets 708
Anabolism of Inosine Monophosphate 672
Insulin Affects Many Enzymes 708
23.8 Purine Catabolism 674 Diabetes 708
Biochemical Connections: Cytoplasmic Defenses Biochemical Connections: A Workout a Day Keeps
against Gout 677 Diabetes Away? 709
23.9 Pyrimidine Biosynthesis and Catabolism 678 Insulin and Sports 710
The Anabolism of Pyrimidine Nucleotides 678 Biochemical Connections: Aging and the Search
Pyrimidine Catabolism 678 for Longevity 710
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Preface
This text is intended for students in any field of science or engineering who
want a one-semester introduction to biochemistry but who do not intend to
be biochemistry majors. Our main goal in writing this book is to make bio-
chemistry as clear and applied as possible and to familiarize science students
with the major aspects of biochemistry. For students of biology, chemistry, phys-
ics, geology, nutrition, sports physiology, and agriculture, biochemistry impacts
greatly on the content of their fields, especially in the areas of medicine and
biotechnology. For engineers, studying biochemistry is especially important for
those who hope to enter a career in biomedical engineering or some form of
biotechnology.
Students who will use this text are at an intermediate level in their studies.
A beginning biology course, general chemistry, and at least one semester of
organic chemistry are assumed as preparation.
xvii
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xviii Preface
Updated Coverage Each chapter in the text has been updated with the cur-
rent developments and scientific findings in the biochemistry field.
Expanded and Updated Coverage of Selected Topics A revised section on
how buffers work appears in Chapter 2, with a new Apply Your Knowledge box
on the same topic. The coverage of physiological roles of peptide hormones
is expanded with a new box in Chapter 3. Material on methods such as HPLC
and mass spectrometry has been added to Chapter 5, as has a new Apply Your
Knowledge box on protein purification. Chapter 8 has new material on meth-
ods such as fluorescence spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry.
In Chapter 9, new boxes cover legal aspects of genetic research and synthetic
genomes. The new box in Chapter 12 on protein synthesis and memory re-
inforces the new material on enzymes and memory in Chapter 6. Chapter 13
concentrates on methods, with a new section on quantitative PCR, as well as
more coverage of genomics and proteomics. New boxes on cancer and on nan-
otechnology appear in Chapter 14. The role of ATP in cell signaling is newly
covered in Chapter 15. Genetic aspects of mitochondrial disease are discussed
in a new box in Chapter 20. The topic of energy requirements for plant growth
is new in Chapter 22, as is a discussion of plant sources of antimalarial agents.
Chapter 24 has a new box on iron requirements, as well as expanded material
on longevity.
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Preface xix
New Design and Enhanced Labeling in Art Updated labeling in the illus-
trations throughout the text increases readability, which in turn enhances
students’ ability to comprehend key concepts. As a corollary to the book’s up-
dated art program, the design and color palette have also been modernized.
Proven Features
Visual Impact Ideal for visual learners, this book’s state-of-the-art approach
helps students visualize key processes and understand important topics.
Biochemical Connections The Biochemical Connections boxes highlight
special topics of particular interest to students. Topics frequently have clinical
implications, such as cancer, AIDS, and nutrition. These essays help students
make the connection between biochemistry and the real world.
Apply Your Knowledge The Apply Your Knowledge boxes are interspersed
within chapters and are designed to provide students with problem-solving
experience. The topics chosen are areas of study where students usually have
the most difficulty. Solutions and problem-solving strategies are included, giving
examples of the problem-solving approach for specific material.
Early Inclusion of Thermodynamics Select material on thermodynamics ap-
pears much earlier in the text. Chapter 1 includes sections on Energy and Change,
Spontaneity in Biochemical Reactions, and Life and Thermodynamics. Also, Chapter 4
contains an extended section on Protein Folding Dynamics. We feel it is critical
that students understand the driving force of biological processes and see that
so much of biology (protein folding, protein–protein interactions, small mol-
ecule binding, etc.) is driven by the favorable disordering of water molecules.
Summaries and Questions Each chapter closes with a concise summary,
a broad selection of questions, and an annotated online bibliography. As
stated previously, the summaries have been completely revised to reflect the
in-text “Q & A” framework. The number of questions has been expanded
to provide additional self-testing of content mastery and more homework
material. These exercises fall into four categories: Recall, Reflect and Ap-
ply, Biochemical Connections, and Mathematical. The Recall questions are de-
signed for students to quickly assess their mastery of the material, while the
Reflect and Apply questions are for students to work through more thought-
provoking questions. Biochemical Connections questions test students on the Bio-
chemical Connections essays in that chapter. The Mathematical questions complete
the selection of exercises. These questions are quantitative in nature and focus
on calculations.
Glossary and Answers The book ends with a glossary of important terms and
concepts (including the section number where the term was first introduced),
an answer section, and a detailed index.
Organization
Because biochemistry is a multidisciplinary science, the first task in presenting
it to students of widely varying backgrounds is to put it in context. Chapters 1
and 2 provide the necessary background and connect biochemistry to the other
sciences. Chapters 3 through 8 focus on the structure and dynamics of impor-
tant cellular components. Molecular biology is covered in Chapters 9 through
14. The final part of the book is devoted to intermediary metabolism.
Some topics are discussed several times, such as the control of carbohydrate
metabolism. Subsequent discussions make use of and build on information
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xx Preface
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Preface xxi
Supplements
This seventh edition of Campbell and Farrell’s Biochemistry is accompanied by
the following rich array of online, electronic, and print supplements.
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xxii Preface
CengageBrain.com App Now, students can prepare for class anytime and
anywhere using the CengageBrain.com application developed specifically for
the Apple iPhone® and iPod touch®, which allows students to access free study
materials—book-specific quizzes, flash cards, related Cengage Learning materi-
als and more—so they can study the way they want, when they want to . . . even
on the go. For more information about this complimentary application, please
visit www.cengagebrain.com.
Visit CengageBrain.com To access these and additional course materials,
please visit www.cengagebrain.com. At the CengageBrain.com home page,
search for the ISBN (from the back cover of your book) using the search box
at the top of the page. This will take you to the product page where these
resources can be found. (Instructors can log in at login.cengage.com.)
Instructor Resources
PowerLecture with ExamView ® Instructor’s CD/DVD Package (ISBN
10: 1-111-42561-2; ISBN 13: 978-1-111-42561-6) This digital presentation tool
contains prepared lecture slides, as well as customizable materials. The DVD
contains art, photos, and tables from the text in a variety of electronic for-
mats, as well as simulations, animations, and mini movies to supplement your
lectures. PowerLecture also includes:
Instructor’s Manual by co-author Shawn Farrell. Each chapter includes a
chapter summary, lecture notes, lecture outlines, and answers to all of the end-
of-chapter exercises in the text.
ExamView® Computerized Testing by co-author Shawn Farrell. ExamView®
software allows you to create, deliver, and customize tests based on questions
authored specifically for the text. A test bank is also available as multiple-choice
exam questions, available as Word and PDF files.
Lecture Slides Prepared Microsoft® PowerPoint® lecture slides by Paul Adams
at the University of Arkansas cover all key points from the text in a convenient
format that you can enhance with your own materials or with the supplied
interactive video animations for personalized media-enhanced lectures.
Student Resources
Student Companion Website includes a glossary, flashcards, and an interac-
tive periodic table, which are accessible from www.cengagebrain.com.
Experiments in Biochemistry: A Hands-On Approach, Second Edition
This interactive manual, by Shawn O. Farrell and Lynn E. Taylor, is for the
introductory biochemistry laboratory course. It offers a great selection of class-
room-tested experiments, each designed to be completed in a normal labora-
tory period (ISBN 10: 0-495-01317-X; ISBN 13: 978-0-495-01317-4).
Lecture Notebook This printed notebook contains selected lecture slides
printed in booklet format with note-taking space on each page. The lecture
notebook is free when packaged with a new copy of the textbook (ISBN 10:
1-111-42566-3; ISBN 13: 978-1-111-42566-1).
Apple, iPhone, iPod touch, and iTunes are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.
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Preface xxiii
Acknowledgments
The help of many made this book possible. A grant from the Dreyfus Founda-
tion made possible the experimental introductory course that was the genesis
of many of the ideas for this text. Edwin Weaver and Francis DeToma from
Mount Holyoke College gave much of their time and energy in initiating that
course. Many others at Mount Holyoke were generous with their support, en-
couragement, and good ideas, especially Anna Harrison, Lilian Hsu, Dianne
Baranowski, Sheila Browne, Janice Smith, Jeffrey Knight, Sue Ellen Frederick
Gruber, Peter Gruber, Marilyn Pryor, Craig Woodard, Diana Stein, and Sue
Rusiecki. Particular thanks go to Sandy Ward, science librarian, and to Rosalia
Tungaraza, a biochemistry major in the class of 2004. Three students, Nam
Ho, Ben Long, and Alejandra Pesquiera, in Chemical Engineering 443 (Senior
Design II) at the University of Arizona took the Biotechnology Biochemical
Connection in Chapter 8 and turned it into an actual drug delivery process.
Their mentor was Harry Patton, engineer and entrepreneur, and their course
instructor was Professor Kimberly Ogden. Professor Todd Hoare of the Depart-
ment of Chemical Engineering at McMaster University and Professor Daniel
Kohane of Harvard Medical School provided many useful pointers about how
to turn their original publication into the final process. Special thanks to Laurie
Stargell, Marve Paule, and Steven McBryant at Colorado State University for
their help and editorial assistance. We thank the many biochemistry students
who have used and commented on early versions of this text.
We would like to acknowledge colleagues who contributed their ideas and
critiques of the manuscript. Some reviewers responded to specific queries
regarding the text itself. We thank them for their efforts and their helpful
suggestions.
Reviewers Acknowledgments
Paul D. Adams, University of Kansas
Dan Davis, University of Arkansas
Nick Flynn, Angelo State University
Denise Greathouse, University of Arkansas
James R. Paulson, University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh
Kerry Smith, Clemson University
Alexandre G. Volkov, Oakwood University
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xxiv Preface
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1
©
Biochemistry unlocks the mysteries of the
human body.
physics. The belief in “vital forces” (forces thought to exist only in living organ- 1.3 The Beginnings of Biology: Origin of Life
isms) held by 19th-century biologists has long since given way to awareness of • How and when did the Earth come to be?
an underlying unity throughout the natural world. • How were biomolecules likely to have formed on
the early Earth?
Disciplines that appear to be unrelated to biochemistry can provide answers • Which came first—the catalysts or the
to important biochemical questions. For example, the MRI (magnetic reso- hereditary molecules?
nance imaging) tests that play an important role in the health sciences orig- 1.4 The Biggest Biological Distinction—
inated with physicists, became a vital tool for chemists, and currently play a Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
large role in biochemical research. The field of biochemistry draws on many • What is the difference between a prokaryote
disciplines, and its multidisciplinary nature allows it to use results from many and a eukaryote?
sciences to answer questions about the molecular nature of life processes. Important 1.5 Prokaryotic Cells
applications of this kind of knowledge are made in medically related fields; an • How is prokaryotic DNA organized without a
understanding of health and disease at the molecular level leads to more effec- nucleus?
tive treatment of illnesses of many kinds. 1.6 Eukaryotic Cells
The activities within a cell are similar to the transportation system of a city. • What are the most important organelles?
• What are some other important components of
The cars, buses, and taxis correspond to the molecules involved in reactions (or
cells?
series of reactions) within a cell. The routes traveled by vehicles likewise can be
compared to the reactions that occur in the life of the cell. Note particularly 1.7 Five Kingdoms, Three Domains
• How do scientists classify living organisms today?
that many vehicles travel more than one route—for instance, cars and taxis • Is there a simpler basis for classifying
can go almost anywhere—whereas other, more specialized modes of transpor- organisms?
tation, such as subways and streetcars, are confined to single paths. Similarly, 1.8 Common Ground for All Cells
some molecules play multiple roles, whereas others take part only in specific • Did eukaryotes develop from prokaryotes?
series of reactions. Also, the routes operate simultaneously, and we shall see that • Did symbiosis play a role in the development of
this is true of the many reactions within a cell. eukaryotes?
To continue the comparison, the transportation system of a large city has 1.9 Biochemical Energetics
more kinds of transportation than does a smaller one. Whereas a small city • What is the source of energy in life processes?
• How do we measure energy changes in
may have only cars, buses, and taxis, a large city may have all of these plus oth-
biochemistry?
ers, such as streetcars or subways. Analogously, some reactions are found in all
cells, and others are found only in specific kinds of cells. Also, more structural 1.10 Energy and Change
• What kinds of energy changes take place in
features are found in the larger, more complex cells of larger organisms than living cells?
in the simpler cells of organisms such as bacteria.
1.11 Spontaneity in Biochemical Reactions
An inevitable consequence of this complexity is the large quantity of ter- • How can we predict what reactions will happen
minology that is needed to describe it; learning considerable new vocabulary in living cells?
is an essential part of the study of biochemistry. You will also see many cross- 1.12 Life and Thermodynamics
references in this book, which reflect the many connections among the pro- • Is life thermodynamically possible?
cesses that take place in the cell.
Online homework for this
chapter may be assigned in OWL.
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2 CHAPTER 1 Biochemistry and the Organization of Cells
Atoms
Oxygen and
hydrogen
Bone
Tissue
Molecules
H H
Water
Bone tissue
Cell
Macromolecules
Nucleus
Protein Plasma
Golgi membrane Bone cell
Nucleus
Organelles
Mitochondria
■ FIGURE 1.1 Levels of structural organization in the human body. Note the hierarchy from
simple to complex.
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1.2 Chemical Foundations of Biochemistry 3
molecules must have arisen from atoms. The way in which the Universe itself,
and the atoms of which it is composed, came to be is a topic of great interest
to astrophysicists as well as other scientists. Simple molecules were formed by
combining atoms, and reactions of simple molecules led in turn to more com-
plex molecules. The molecules that play a role in living cells today are the same
molecules as those encountered in organic chemistry; they simply operate in a
different context.
It has subsequently been shown that any compound that occurs in a living
organism can be synthesized in the laboratory, although in many cases the
synthesis represents a considerable challenge to even the most skilled organic
chemist.
The reactions of biomolecules can be described by the methods of organic
chemistry, which requires the classification of compounds according to their
functional groups. The reactions of molecules are based on the reactions of their respec-
tive functional groups.
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4 CHAPTER 1 Biochemistry and the Organization of Cells
TABLE 1.1
RNH2
Amines R2NH N Amino group CH3NH2
R3N
O O O
Aldehydes Carbonyl group
R C H C CH3CH
O O O
Carbonyl group
Ketones R C R C CH3CCH3
O O O
Carboxylic Carboxyl group
acids R C OH C OH CH3COH
O O O
Ester group
Esters R C OR C OR CH3COCH3
O O O
R C NR2 C N Amide group CH3CN(CH3)2
O
Amides
R C NHR
O
R C NH2
O O O
Phosphoric acid Phosphoric ester
R O P OH O P OH CH3 O P OH
esters group
OH OH OH
O O O O O O
Phosphoric acid Phosphoric
R O P O P OH P O P HO P O P OH
anhydrides anhydride group
OH OH OH OH OH OH
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1.3 The Beginnings of Biology: Origin of Life 5
O O
HO P OH + HO R HO P O R
1 Reaction of phosphoric acid with a
hydroxyl group to form an ester, which OH H2O OH
contains a P-O-R linkage. Phosphoric Phosphoric acid Alcohol An ester of phosphoric acid
acid is shown in its nonionized form in
this figure. Space-filling models of
phosphoric acid and its methyl ester are
shown. The red spheres represent
oxygen; the white, hydrogen; the green, R
carbon; and the orange, phosphorus.
O O O O
HO P OH + HO P OH HO P O P OH
NH2
Ester
O O O C
N
C N
HO P O P O P O HC
C CH
OH OH OH CH2 O N
N
3 The structure of ATP (adenosine
triphosphate), showing two anhydride C C
linkages and one ester. Anhydride H H
H C C H
OH OH
ATP
■ FIGURE 1.2 ATP and the reactions for its formation.
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Another Random Document on
Scribd Without Any Related Topics
muutamia sanoja, jotka saivat hänen sydämensä rajusti tykyttämään
tuskasta ja vihasta.
*****
Rouva Rönnov saattoi usein olla väsynyt ja kaivata sitä lepoa, jota
ei mikään häiritse. Mutta joka kerta, kun kevät jälleen saapui, hän oli
kuitenkin kiitollinen, että oli saanut vielä nähdä sen. Olihan joka
linnulla oma äänensä, jokaisella puhkeavalla lehdellä ja kukalla oma
kauneutensa. Ja tästä vaihtelevasta moninaisuudesta syntyi vihdoin
kesän suuri, täydellinen sopusointu.
Eva oli enimmäkseen poissa kaiket päivät. Hän oli saanut paikan
huvilayhdyskunnan koulussa, jossa hän opetti kieliä ja eläinoppia.
Iltapäivisin hän korjaili vihkoja tai antoi yksityistunteja. Hän piti
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maksaa rouva Rönnoville pienen korvauksen omasta ja lapsen
elatuksesta.
Mummo nyökkäsi ääneti. Hän näki, että työ teki Evalle hyvää, eikä
sen vuoksi tahtonut panna esteitä hänen tielleen. Mutta itsekseen
hän ajatteli, että vanhan ajan kelvollinen perheenemäntä kykenisi
kyllä myöskin ansaitsemaan leipänsä, jos niikseen tulisi.
Konsuli Valeurin lähdöstä oli kulunut jo niin pitkä aika, että Eva
saattoi odottaa tietoja häneltä. Joka päivä tullessaan koulusta kotiin
hän kysyi sanattomalla katseella Kaisalta ja rouva Rönnovilta: "Onko
minulle tullut kirjettä?" Mutta tähän asti he olivat vastanneet
ainoastaan päänpudistuksella. Silloin Eva aina huokasi ja ryhtyi
uudelleen kantamaan kaipuun ja epätietoisuuden taakkaa, kunnes
uuden aamun keralla syntyi uusi toivo.
Kirje sisälsi paljon hyvää. Bengt, joka muuten oli niin umpimielinen
ja jonka oli vaikea ilmaista tunteitaan, löysi nyt yksinkertaisia ja
lämpimiä sanoja tulkitessaan rakkauttansa Evaan ja pikku Vivikaan,
kaipaustaan, katumustaan ja kiitollisuuttaan. Kaikki oli Amerikassa
niin suurta ja hämmästyttävän uutta, kirjoitti hän, että hän tunsi
itsensä mitättömäksi hiekkajyväseksi tässä äärettömässä vieraiden
ihmisten erämaassa. Mutta vaikutusvaltaisten tanskalaisten ystävien
suosituksesta hän oli jo saanut paikan eräässä konttorissa New
Yorkissa. Palkka ei toistaiseksi ollut suuri, mutta se oli epäilemättä
kohoava, jos johtaja osoittautui tyytyväiseksi häneen. Hänen tuli nyt
tehdä työtä, vain työtä, toivoen sitä päivää, jolloin voisi kirjoittaa ja
pyytää Evaa tulemaan tänne luomaan hänelle uuden kodin — kodin,
joka keskellä tätä meluista ja levotonta vierasta kaupunkia olisi kuin
pienoinen vihanta ja rauhallinen Tanska.
"Taisit saada hyviä uutisia?" kysyi vanha, rouva, kun Eva kohtasi
hänen katseensa taitettuaan kirjeen kokoon ja pantuaan sen takaisin
kuoreen.
Hän otti syliinsä pikku tytön, joka oli vielä unen jäljeltä raukea ja
lämmin, tanssi hänen kanssaan ympäri pihamaata kuohuilevan ilon
vallassa ja kohotti hänet lopuksi korkealle sinistä taivasta kohti
kirsikkapuun valkeiden terälehtien sadellessa heidän päällensä.
"Jospa isä olisi täällä, niin kaikki olisi hyvin! — Mutta ajatuksissaan
hän on meidän luonamme, ja se on tärkeintä kaikesta! Kun me sen
tiedämme, niin kestämme kyllä odotusajan, me kaksi."
Vanha Jack, joka tunsi, että oli tapahtunut jotain hauskaa, nousi
jaloilleen ja alkoi hyppiä vimmatusti haukkuen äidin ja lapsen
ympärillä, kunnes sen vanhuudenraihnaisuus aiheutti yskäpuuskan,
joka päättyi kähisevään hengenahdistuskohtaukseen. Samassa tuli
Kaisa täyttä vauhtia rientäen puutarhakäytävää pitkin, kuivasi märät
kätensä siniruutuiseen esiliinaansa ja sieppasi lapsen pois Evalta,
kauhistuneena rouvan varomattomasta kovakouraisuudesta.
Mutta ääni oli kaikunut hänen unelmissaan sinä yönä, ja hän oli
nähnyt edessään nuo ahavoituneet kasvot, hymyilevät ja pirteät,
tummine, lämpimine silmineen.
Mitä hän sillä tarkoitti? Olihan tuskin luultavaa, että heidän tiensä
enää milloinkaan kohtaisivat toisensa…
Laaksossa sataa.
Miten ihmeellistä ilma oli tänään! — Kun sitä hengitti, tuntui kuin
olisi sukeltanut kirkkaaseen lähdeveteen. Mutta lämmintä se ei ollut.
Ebbalta pääsi yht'äkkiä kova aivastus. Olipa hyvä, ettei kukaan ollut
näkemässä, sillä se oli todellakin varsin epäesteettinen kohtaus…
Ainoina todistajina olivat muutamat kartanon kanat, jotka pelästyen
odottamatonta ääntä juoksivat kaakottaen joka taholle.
Vielä ei hänellä itsellään ollut paljoa rahoja, mutta jos hän joskus
tulisi siihen asemaan, että omaisi mahtia ja vaikutusvaltaa — silloin
hän toki ei unohtaisi milloinkaan, että hänelläkin oli velvollisuuksia.
Ulos tultuaan hän nyökkäsi hyvästiksi vanhalle rouva Kongstadille
ja jatkoi miettiväisenä kävelyään.
Hän ei tiennyt, kuinka kauan oli istunut siinä silmät luotuina noihin
valkoisiin huippuihin, jotka vuoroin säihkyivät auringonpaisteessa,
vuoroin tummentuivat sumusta. Kenties tunnin, kenties kaksi. Mutta
noustessaan hän tunsi olleensa kauniimmassa ja ihanammassa
kirkossa kuin konsanaan ihmisten rakentama voi olla. Alasmeno kävi
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Saapuessaan pihalle punaposkisena, vaalea tukka sädekehänä
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pehmeä huopahattu päässä. Vavahdus kävi läpi Ebban ruumiin, ja
hän jäi seisomaan liikkumattomana.
"Tekö siinä todellakin olette, neiti! Minä tuskin tunsin teitä enää.
Norja on tehnyt ihmeitä, tehän näytätte vallan terveeltä."