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Cambridge International AS & A Level

BIOLOGY 9700/31
Paper 3 (Advanced Practical Skills 1) May/June 2023
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 40

Published

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the
details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have
considered the acceptability of alternative answers.

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for
Teachers.

Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.

Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2023 series for most
Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge International A and AS Level and Cambridge Pre-U components, and some
Cambridge O Level components.

This document consists of 9 printed pages.

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Generic Marking Principles

These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the
specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these
marking principles.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:

 the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
 the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
 the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:

 marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond
the scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
 marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
 marks are not deducted for errors
 marks are not deducted for omissions
 answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the
question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level
descriptors.

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GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:

Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may
be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or
grade descriptors in mind.

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Science-Specific Marking Principles

1 Examiners should consider the context and scientific use of any keywords when awarding marks. Although keywords may be present, marks
should not be awarded if the keywords are used incorrectly.

2 The examiner should not choose between contradictory statements given in the same question part, and credit should not be awarded for
any correct statement that is contradicted within the same question part. Wrong science that is irrelevant to the question should be ignored.

3 Although spellings do not have to be correct, spellings of syllabus terms must allow for clear and unambiguous separation from other
syllabus terms with which they may be confused (e.g. ethane / ethene, glucagon / glycogen, refraction / reflection).

4 The error carried forward (ecf) principle should be applied, where appropriate. If an incorrect answer is subsequently used in a scientifically
correct way, the candidate should be awarded these subsequent marking points. Further guidance will be included in the mark scheme
where necessary and any exceptions to this general principle will be noted.

5 ‘List rule’ guidance

For questions that require n responses (e.g. State two reasons …):

 The response should be read as continuous prose, even when numbered answer spaces are provided.
 Any response marked ignore in the mark scheme should not count towards n.
 Incorrect responses should not be awarded credit but will still count towards n.
 Read the entire response to check for any responses that contradict those that would otherwise be credited. Credit should not be
awarded for any responses that are contradicted within the rest of the response. Where two responses contradict one another, this
should be treated as a single incorrect response.
 Non-contradictory responses after the first n responses may be ignored even if they include incorrect science.

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6 Calculation specific guidance

Correct answers to calculations should be given full credit even if there is no working or incorrect working, unless the question states ‘show
your working’.

For questions in which the number of significant figures required is not stated, credit should be awarded for correct answers when rounded
by the examiner to the number of significant figures given in the mark scheme. This may not apply to measured values.

For answers given in standard form (e.g. a  10n) in which the convention of restricting the value of the coefficient (a) to a value between 1
and 10 is not followed, credit may still be awarded if the answer can be converted to the answer given in the mark scheme.

Unless a separate mark is given for a unit, a missing or incorrect unit will normally mean that the final calculation mark is not awarded.
Exceptions to this general principle will be noted in the mark scheme.

7 Guidance for chemical equations

Multiples / fractions of coefficients used in chemical equations are acceptable unless stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

State symbols given in an equation should be ignored unless asked for in the question or stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

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Mark scheme abbreviations:
; separates marking points
/ alternative answers for the same marking point
R reject
A accept
I ignore
AVP any valid point
AW alternative wording (where responses vary more than usual)
ecf error carried forward
underline actual word underlined must be used by candidate (grammatical variants accepted)
max indicates the maximum number of marks that can be given
ora or reverse argument

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Question Answer Marks

1(a)(i) 1 heading for independent variable: pH (before heading for dependent variable) ; 5
2 heading dependent variable: time for beads to rise / seconds and no units in body of table ;
3 two results for each pH ;
4 time taken for pH3 is longer than the time taken for pH7 ;
5 results recorded in whole seconds ;

1(a)(ii) pH ; 1

1(a)(iii) identifies one error e.g. difficult to judge when the bead reaches the top, size of bead varies ; 1

1(a)(iv) records a time for U between that recorded for pH4 and pH7 and seconds ; 1

1(a)(v) correct estimate for U ; 1

1(a)(vi) any two from: 2

1 same pH ;
2 5 different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide ;
3 serial or proportional dilution ;

1(b)(i) 20 mmol dm–3 and 40 mmol dm–3 2

1 lactose concentration increases so more enzyme substrate complexes ;

60 mmol dm-3 and 140 mmol dm–3

2 all active sites are saturated, so maximum rate of reaction is reached ;

1(b)(ii) 1 shows Vmax on graph ; 3

2 shows ½ Vmax on graph ;
3 18 ;

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Question Answer Marks

1(c) 1 x-axis: type of mammal and bars labelled RA, SE, GO, SH and HO 4
and
y-axis: concentration of lactose / mmol dm–3 ;
2 scale on x-axis: even width of bars
and
scale on y-axis: 50 mmol dm–3 to 2 cm and labelled at least every 2 cm ;
3 correct plotting of all five bars ;
4 five separate bars drawn and with horizontal and vertical lines joined precisely ;

Question Answer Marks

2(a)(i) 1 minimum size ; 5

2 correct section of the leaf drawn and no cells drawn ;
3 draws correct shape of the midrib ;
4 draws one large vascular bundle and large layer above it in the midrib ;
5 label line and label to lower epidermis ;

2(a)(ii) 1 minimum size and all lines sharp and continuous and no shading ; 5
2 one large and three small xylem vessel elements and each xylem vessel element touches at least two
other xylem vessel elements ;
3 two lines around each xylem vessel element and three lines where xylem vessel elements touch ;
4 correct shape of xylem vessel elements ;
5 label line and label to the lumen of one xylem vessel element ;

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Question Answer Marks

2(b)(i) only observable differences ; 4

any three from e.g.:

feature Fig. 2.2 J1

trichomes present absent ;

large central cells absent present ;

shape curved straight ;

cuticle thick thin ;

2(b)(ii) any two from: 2

1 trichomes and traps water vapour inside the leaf ;

2 curled leaf and increases humidity to reduce the water potential gradient ;
3 sunken stomata and exposed to the humid atmosphere with a low water potential gradient ;
4 thick cuticle and reduces water loss by transpiration ;

2(c) 1 correct measurement of scale bar and structure X ; 4

2 shows length of scale bar divided by 430 ;
3 shows length of structure X divided by the answer to MP2 ;
4 correct answer and units ;

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