Lotal Potal Chemistry Project (1) (1) (1)

VENKATESWAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL
CHANDRASEKHARPUR, BHUBANESWAR
An investigatory project of chemistry

On
“Study on determination of Acetic acid in vinegar”
For partial fulfillment of the term and conditions laid by
AISSCE - 2024-2025
Submitted by :
Supriti Roy
Class XII
Roll no.____
Under the esteemed guidance of
Mr. Santosh Kumar Mangaraj
Department of Chemistry
Acknowledgement
I would like to sincerely and profusely thank my Chemistry teacher
Mr. Santosh Kumar Mangaraj for the valuable guidance and advice for
giving useful suggestion and relevant ideas that facilitated for an easy and
early completion of the project. He is also very supportive, considerate and
responsible person who has provided valuable suggestion and insights to me.
We feel blessed and will always remain grateful for his generous advice for
the project.
At last I would like to thank God and my parents for their blessings.
Bonafide Certificate
This is to certify that “ Supriti Roy” of class-XII of roll no._______ has

completed her CBSE Chemistry Investigatory Project on the topic
“ Study on determination of Acetic acid in vinegar”.
The project has not been copied from anywhere and has been done under
the guidance of Chemistry Teacher.
I would also express my special thanks to the members of School
Chemistry Department for supporting me.
Signature of guide teacher
Signature of head of Institution
Signature of external examine

Declaration
I do hereby declare that the project “ Study on determination of acetic

acid in vinegar” submitted to Mr. Santosh Kumar Mangaraj is a record of
an original work done by me gaining the knowledge related to the project
from certain sources.
Signature of the Student

Index
1. Objective
2. Introduction
3. Theory
4. Formula required
5. Apparatus required
6. Experimental procedure
7. Experiment 1
8. Experiment 2
9. Experiment 3
10. Conclusion
11. Precaution
12. Bibliography
Objective
The goal of this project is to determine the amount of acetic acid in

different types of vinegar using titration with a coloured PH indication of
determine the end product.
Introduction
Vinegar is a solution made from the fermentation of ethanol

(CH3CH2OH), which in turn was previously fermented from sugar. The
fermentation of ethanol results in the production of acetic acid
(CH3COOH). There are many different types of vinegar, each starting
from a different original sugar source (e.g., rice, wine, malt, etc.). The
amount of acetic acid in vinegar can vary, typically between 4 to 6% for
table vinegar, but up to three times higher (18%) for pickling vinegar.
In this project, we will determine the amount of acid in different vinegars

using titration, a common technique in chemistry. Titration is a way to
measure the unknown amount of a chemical in a solution (the titrant) by
adding a measured amount of a chemical with a known concentration (the
titrating solution). The titrating solution reacts with the titrant, and the
endpoint of the reaction is monitored in some way. The concentration of
the titrant can now be calculated from the amount of titrating solution
added, and the ratio of the two chemicals in the chemical equation for the
reaction.
To measure the acidity of a vinegar solution, we can add enough

hydroxyl ions to balance out the added hydrogen ions from the acid. The
hydroxyl ions will react with the hydrogen ions to produce water. In order
for a titration to work, we need three things:
1.a titration solution (contains hydroxyl ions with a precisely known

concentration),
2.a method for delivering a precisely measured volume of the titrating

solution, and
3.a means of indicating when the endpoint has been reached.
For the titrating solution, we'll use a dilute solution of sodium hydroxide
(NaOH). Sodium hydroxide is a strong base, which means that it
dissociates almost completely in water. So for every NaOH molecule that
we add to the solution,we can expect to produce a hydroxyl ion.
To dispense an accurately measured volume of the titrating solution, we
will use a burette. A burette is a long tube with a valve at the bottom and
graduated markings on the outside to measure the volume contained in
the burette. The burette is mounted on a ring stand, directly above the
titrant solution (as shown in the picture).
Solutions in the burette tend to creep up the sides of the glass at the
surface of the liquid. This is due to the surface tension of water. The
surface of the liquid thus forms a curve, called a meniscus. To measure
the volume of the liquid in the burette, always read from the bottom of
the meniscus.
In this experiment, we will use an indicator solution called

phenolphthalein. Phenolphthalein is colourless when the solution is acidic
or neutral. When the solution becomes slightly basic, phenolphthalein
turns pinkish, and then light purple as the solution becomes more basic.
So when the vinegar solution starts to turn pink, we know that the
titration is complete.
Theory
To measure the acidity of vinegar solution, we can add enough hydroxyl
ions to balance out the added hydrogen ions from the acid. The hydroxyl
ions will react with the hydrogen ions to produce water.
In order for a titration to work, we need three things-
 A titration solution (Contains hydroxyl ions with a precisely known

concentration)
 A method for delivering a precisely measure volume of the titration
solution, and
 A means of indicating when the end point has been reached.
For the titrating solution we will use a dilute hydroxide (a strong base),
which means that it dissociates almost completely in the water. So for
NaOH molecule that we add to the solution, we can expect to produce a
hydroxyl ion.
Formula Required
 Required amount of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) can be
calculatedusing the following formula:
 The acetic acid content of a vinegar may be determined by

titrating a vinegar sample with a solution of sodium hydroxide of
known molar concentration (molarity).
CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) --> CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l)

(acid) + (base) --> (salt) + (water)
At the end point in the titration stoichiometry between the both

solution lies in a 1:1 ratio.
 Strength of acid on vinegar can be determined by the following

formula :
Indicator:- Phenolphthalein
End Point:- Colourless to pink

Apparatus Required
To do this experiment we will need the following materials and

equipment:
 Vinegar, three different types.

 Distilled water
 Small funnel
 0.5% Phenolphthalein solution in alcohol (pH indicator solution)
 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution
 125 mL Conical flask
 25 or 50 mL burette
 10 mL graduated cylinder
 Ring stand
 Burette clamp
Experimental Procedure
Performing the Titration
1. Pour 1.5 ml of vinegar in an Conical flask.
2. Add distilled water to dissolve the vinegar so that the volume of the
solution becomes 20 mL.
3. Add 3 drops of 0.5% phenolphthalein solution.
4. Use the burette clamp to attach the burette to the ring stand. The
opening at the bottom of the burette should be just above the height of the
Conical flask we use for the vinegar and phenolphthalein solution.
5. Use a funnel to fill the burette with a 0.1 M solution of sodium

hydroxide.
6. Note the starting level of the sodium hydroxide solution in the burette.
Put the vinegar solution to be titrated under the burette.
7. Slowly drip the solution of sodium hydroxide into the vinegar solution.
Swirl the flask gently to mix the solution, while keeping the opening
underneath the burette.
8. At some point we will see a pink colour in the vinegar solution when
the sodium hydroxide is added, but the colour will quickly disappear as
the solution is mixed. When this happens, slow the burette to drop-by-
drop addition.
9. When the vinegar solution turns pink and remains that colour even with
mixing, the titration is complete. Close the tap (or pinch valve) of the
burette.
10. Note the remaining level of the sodium hydroxide solution in the
burette. Remember to read from the bottom of the meniscus.
11. Subtract the initial level from the remaining level to figure out how
much titrating solution we have used.
12. For each vinegar that we test, repeat the titration at least three times.
Experiment 1
Test for household vinegar.
Take the household vinegar in the conical flask and do the titration with
sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as mentioned.
Observation
CALCULATIONS
Experiment-2
Test for wine vinegar.
Take the wine vinegar in the conical flask and do the titration withsodium
hydroxide (NaOH) as mentioned.
Observations
Calculations
Experiment-3
Test for fruit vinegar.
Take the fruit(Persimmon) vinegar in the conical flask and do the

titration with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as mentioned.
Observation
Calculations
Conclusion
 Strength of acetic acid in household vinegar = 40.5 g/L.

 Strength of acetic acid in wine vinegar = 72 g/L.
 Strength of acetic acid in fruit vinegar = 48 g/L.
Graphically plotting various vinegar samples in accordance with the

amount of acetic acid present in them we present a stunning find:
Order of amount of acetic acid in

different samplesof vinegar is:
Wine > Fruit vinegar > Household vinegar
Precautions
 Transference of measured vinegar into a measuring flask should be

done very carefully.
 Measuring must be performed carefully.
 Look at the meniscus of solution at eye level to avoid parallax.
 Look at the lower meniscus in the light coloured solution and upper
meniscus in the dark coloured solution because of visibility.
 Do not forget to add distilled water to the vinegar.
Bibliography
 Chemistry NCERT book (class 12)
 Chemistry lab manual (class 12)
 Comprehensive practical chemistry (class 12)

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VENKATESWAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL

An investigatory project of chemistry

For partial fulfillment of the term and conditions laid by

Under the esteemed guidance of

Mr. Santosh Kumar Mangaraj

This is to certify that “ Supriti Roy” of class-XII of roll no._______ has

Signature of guide teacher

Signature of head of Institution

Signature of external examine

I do hereby declare that the project “ Study on determination of acetic

Signature of the Student

The goal of this project is to determine the amount of acetic acid in

Vinegar is a solution made from the fermentation of ethanol

In this project, we will determine the amount of acid in different vinegars

To measure the acidity of a vinegar solution, we can add enough

1.a titration solution (contains hydroxyl ions with a precisely known

2.a method for delivering a precisely measured volume of the titrating

3.a means of indicating when the endpoint has been reached.

In this experiment, we will use an indicator solution called

In order for a titration to work, we need three things-

 A titration solution (Contains hydroxyl ions with a precisely known

 The acetic acid content of a vinegar may be determined by

CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) --> CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l)

At the end point in the titration stoichiometry between the both

 Strength of acid on vinegar can be determined by the following

End Point:- Colourless to pink

To do this experiment we will need the following materials and

 Vinegar, three different types.

Performing the Titration

1. Pour 1.5 ml of vinegar in an Conical flask.

3. Add 3 drops of 0.5% phenolphthalein solution.

5. Use a funnel to fill the burette with a 0.1 M solution of sodium

Take the fruit(Persimmon) vinegar in the conical flask and do the

 Strength of acetic acid in household vinegar = 40.5 g/L.

Graphically plotting various vinegar samples in accordance with the

Order of amount of acetic acid in

 Transference of measured vinegar into a measuring flask should be

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