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    Bleaching

    Uploaded by

    emonrobi822
    bleaching wash knolodage

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Bleaching

    Uploaded by

    emonrobi822
    1 views2 pages
    bleaching wash knolodage

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    bleaching wash knolodage

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    1 views2 pages

    Bleaching

    Uploaded by

    emonrobi822
    bleaching wash knolodage

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Bleaching

    Bleaching: Bleaching is a chemical process which removes the natural


    color of Textile fibers. The fiber/yarns/ fabric become permanent white.

    Objective of Bleaching
     It removes the natural color from textile materials.
     It brings the textile materials permanent white.
     Improve the absorbency of the textile materials.
     Produce textile materials for the next process.
     Some fabrics are sold as bleached goods.

    The bleaching process can be divided into two processes depending on the bleaching
    agent:

    1. Bleaching by Oxidizing agents


    2. Bleaching by Reducing agents

    Oxidizing bleaching agents


     Chlorine gas
     Bleaching powder {Ca(OCl)Cl
     Sodium hypo-chloride (Na2OCl)
     Calcium hypo-chloride {Ca(OCl)2}
     Potassium di-chromate (K2Cr2O7)
     Sodium di-chromate (Na2Cr2)
     Potassium permanganate ( KMnO4)
     Potassium Chlorate (KClO3)
     Sodium peroxide (Na2O2)

    Reducing bleaching agents


     Hydrogen (H2)
     Carbon (C)
     Carbon mono oxide
     Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
     Sulphur dioxide(SO2)
     Ferrous sulphate (FeSO4)
     Titenous chloride(TiCl2)
     Sodium Sulphate (Na2SO4
    The bleaching agents mentioned above all are not used only the bleaching
    process. Some bleaching agents are very costly. Some agents cannot
    bleach completely. Reducing bleaching agents only used for protein fibers.
    Hydrogen peroxide can bleach all kinds of fibers. So, it is called universal bleaching
    agents.

    Oxidizing bleaching agents


    Oxidizing agents generally are used for cellulosic fibers. If reducing agents
    are used then after bleaching when fabrics come in contact with air they
    become yellowish or reddish that is come back to the original color. But
    oxidizing agents bleach goods free from this defect. So, goods become
    permanent white. Therefore Oxidizing bleaching agents are generally
    favored.

    Reducing bleaching agents

    Protein fibers wool and silk generally bleached with reducing bleaching
    agents. Because chlorine present in oxidizing agents damages proteins
    fibers without bleaching action. This is why animal fibers are bleached with
    reducing agents.

    Fiber types choice the bleaching process to be used. Generally, need


    basis bleaching is made may be half bleach or full bleaching.

    Factors considered in the bleaching process


     Concentration of chemicals
     Liquor ratio (L: R)
     pH of the chemical solution.
     Time of treatment.

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