CBSE Board

Physics Question Bank-II

1. Define centre of mass
Ans: It is a point where the total mass of the body appeared to be concentrated
2. Define Centre of gravity
Ans: It is a point where the total weight of the body appears to be acting
3. What are the characteristics of centre of mass
Ans: (i). Centre mass always follows a translatory path
(ii). About the centre of mass moments are always balanced
(iii). Internal forces can’t influence the motion of the centre of mass
(iv). Centre mass may lie within the body or may lie out side of the body but always
lies with in the periphery of system of bodies
4. Must there necessarily be any mass at centre of mass of a system
Ans: Need not be any mass present at the centre of mass. example there is no mass
present at the centre of a circular ring
5. Can a high jumper clear a height even if his centre of mass doesn’t clear the height
Ans: yes. even though the centre of the high jumper remains the below the pole still he can
make the successful jump
6. Mention formula for the position of centre of mass, velocity of centre of mass and
acceleration of centre of mass
∑𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑚𝑖 𝑥𝑖
X coordinate of Centre mass of system of particles = ∑𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑚𝑖
∑𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑚𝑖 𝑦𝑖
Y coordinate of Centre mass of system of particles = ∑𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑚𝑖
∑𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑚𝑖 𝑧𝑖
Z coordinate of Centre mass of system of particles = ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑚𝑖
𝑛
∑𝑖=1 𝑚𝑖 𝑣
Velocity of Centre mass of system of particles = ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑚𝑖
∑𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑚𝑖 𝑎
Acceleration of Centre mass of system of particles = ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑚𝑖
7. Define linear momentum
Ans: It is the product of mass of the body and it’s velocity
8. What is relation between linear momentum and kinetic energy
𝑝2
Ans : 𝐾. 𝐸 = 2𝑚
9. If the linear momentum of body is increased by 10 % then find the percentage change in its
kinetic energy
∆ 𝐾.𝐸 𝑝22 −𝑝12 1102 −1002
Ans: 𝑥100 = 𝑥100= 𝑥100 =21 %
𝐾.𝐸 𝑝12 1002
10 Can a sail boat be propelled by air blown at the sails from a fan attached to the boat
Ans No. internal forces can’t influence the centre of the system
11. State law of conservation of linear momentum
Ans When no external force accts on the system. the total linear momentum of the
system remains constant
11 You are marooned on a big frictional less surface with your school bag in your hand. How
will you get of it
Ans : By throwing a school in a particular direction you can move in the opposite direction
based on the law of conservation of linear momentum
12 Define coefficient of restitution? what are its values
The ratio of relative velocity of separation to the relative velocity of approach is defined as
coefficient of restitution
e=1 in case of perfectly elastic collision and 0≤e<1 in case of elastic collision
13 What is one dimensional collision
If the velocities of colliding bodies are along the same line before and after collision then
that type collision is said to be one dimensional collision or oblique collision
14. What is two dimensional collision
Ans: If the velocities of colliding bodies are not along the same line before and after
collision then that type collision is said to be two dimensional collision
15. Distinguish between elastic and in elastic collision
Elastic collision In elastic collision
1 Linear momentum is conserved linear momentum is conserved
2 K.E of the system before collision K.E of the system before collision is
is equal K.E of the system after not equal K.E of the system after
collision collision
3 e=1 0≤e<1 in
4 collision between the atoms and Collision between a car and truck is
molecules is the example for the the example for in elastic collision
elastic collision

16. Is the linear momentum of the system is always conserved

Ans : No, only when system is isolated
17. A ball of mass m moving with a velocity v strikes head on elastically with a number of balls
of the same mass in a line. only one ball from the other side moves with velocity v and all
others stay at rest? explain why not two balls move simultaneously with velocity v/2
Ans: If two balls are moving simultaneously with velocity v/2 then linear momentum of the
system is conserved but kinetic energy of the system is not constant
18 Is it possible to have collision in which the whole of kinetic energy is lost
Ans : Yes. if two identical moving in opposite direction along the same line with same speed
collide together and comes to rest
19 If two objects collide and one is initially at rest. Is it possible any one be at rest after
collision?
Ans: Yes. If ball of mass m collides head on elastically another identical ball at rest then first
one will come to rest and the latter moves with same speed of the first
20 A shot from a cannon explodes in air. How will the momentum and kinetic energy change
due to explosion
Ans: Linear momentum remains same but kinetic energy increases
21 Can linear momentum of the system changed with out changing the kinetic energy
Ans: Yes in case of uniform circular motion the linear momentum of the body is changing
but KE of body is constant
22 Can Kinetic energy of the body changed with out changing it’s linear momentum
Ans: Yes, A shell is at rest explodes in to several pieces the linear momentum of the shell
system is zero but KE increase
23. Two bodies of masses m1 and m2 are moving with velocities u1 and u2 collides head on
elastically and moves with velocities v1 and v2 respectively. Find v1 and v2 in terms u1 and
u2 respectively
𝑚 −𝑚 2𝑚2 2𝑚1 𝑚 −𝑚
Ans :V1=𝑚1 +𝑚2 𝑢1 + 𝑚 𝑢2 , V2=𝑚 𝑢1 + 𝑚2 +𝑚1 𝑢2
1 2 1 +𝑚2 1 +𝑚2 1 2

24. Two bodies of masses m1 and m2 are moving with velocities u1 and u2 collides head on
inelastically and moves with velocities v1 and v2 respectively. Find v1 and v2 in terms u1
and u2 respectively
𝑚 −𝑒𝑚 (1+𝑒)𝑚 (1+𝑒)𝑚 𝑚 −𝑒𝑚
Ans :V1= 𝑚1 +𝑚 2 𝑢1 + 𝑚 +𝑚 2 𝑢2 , V2= 𝑚 +𝑚 1 𝑢1 + 𝑚2 +𝑚 1 𝑢2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
25. A ball of mass m1 is moving with velocity U collides head on elastically with m 2 which is at
rest. Find the fractional energy transferred by the first to second and fractional energy
retained by the first body
4𝑚1 𝑚2 (𝑚 −𝑚 )2
Ans: (i) 𝑚 (ii)(𝑚1 +𝑚2 )2
1 +𝑚2 1 2
26 Define angular displacement and mention its SI unit
Ans: It is the ratio length of the arc to its radius and its SI units are radian
27 Define angular velocity and mention its mention its SI unit
Ans: The rate of angular displacement and its SI units are radian/sec
28 Write equations motion in case of particle moving along the circumference of circle
with constant angular acceleration α
1
Ans : (i) 𝜔 = 𝜔0 + 𝛼𝑡 (ii)𝜃 = 𝜔0 + 2 𝛼𝑡 2 (iii)𝜔2 − 𝜔02 = 2𝛼𝜃
1
(iv)𝜃𝑛 = 𝜔0 + 𝛼(𝑛 − 2)
29 Define Moment of inertia and mention its SI units
Ans: It is defined as the product of mass of the rigid body and square of the its radius of
gyration and its SI units are Kg-m2.
30. Define radius of gyration and mention its SI unit
Ans: It is the rms distance of the particles from the axis of rotation and it’s SI unit is meter
31. On What factors moment of inertia of a rigid body depends
Moment of inertia of a rigid body depends on (i) Mass of the rigid body (ii) Distribution of
mass and (iii) Position of axis of rotation.
32 State parallel axis theorem
Ans: The moment of inertia of rigid body about any axis is equal to its moment of inertia
about a parallel axis passing through its centre and product of mass of the rigid body and
square of the perpendicular distance between those two parallel axes
33. State Perpendicular axis theorem
Ans: The sum of moments of inertial of plane lamina about any two mutually perpendicular
axes in its plane is equal to its moment of inertia is equal to its moment of inertia about an
axis perpendicular to the plane and passing through point of intersection of first two axes
34 Mention moment of inertia of thin rod about an axis about an axis perpendicular to its length
and derive the expression its moment of inertia about an axis perpendicular to its length
and passing through one end
Ans: The moment of inertia of the thin rod about an axis perpendicular to its length passing
𝑚𝑙 2
through its centre = 12
The moment of inertia about an axis perpendicular to its length passing through one end of
𝑚𝑙 2 𝑚𝑙2 𝑚𝑙2
the rod (I)=Icm+Mr2= 12 + 4 = 3
35 Mention the moment of inertia of a circular ring about an axis perpendicular to its plane and
passing through its centre and derive the expression its moment of inertia of the circular
ring about any tangent perpendicular to the plane
The moment of inertia of a circular ring about any axis perpendicular to its plane and
passing through its centre= MR2.
The moment of inertia of a circular ring about any tangent perpendicular to its plane(I)
=Icm+Mr2=MR2+MR2=2MR2.
36 Mention the moment of inertia of a circular disc about an axis perpendicular to its plane and
passing through its centre and derive the expression its moment of inertia of the circular
disc about any diameter
Ans : The moment of inertia of a circular disc about an axis perpendicular to its plane and
𝑀𝑅 2
passing through its centre = 2
𝐼 𝑀𝑅 2
Moment of inertia of the circular disc about any diameter (Id)= 2𝑧 = 4
37. A disc of metal is melted and solid sphere is formed. What will happen to the moment of
inertia about a vertical axis passing through its centre
Ans : Decreases because the distribution of mass changing
38 Why a rotating wheel does not fall
Ans : A rotating object possesses angular momentum and this momentum must be
conserved. The object will resist any change in its axis of rotation, as a change in
orientation will result in a change in angular momentum.
39. Define torque
Ans : It is the product of force and perpendicular distance of the point from the line of action
of force
40 Define Angular momentum
Ans : it is the cross product of position vector about a point and linear momentum of a
particle
41 State conservation of angular momentum
Ans :When no external torque acts on a system about an axis then the angular moment of
the system remains constant about that axis
42 can a body in translatory motion have angular momentum
Ans: Yes, a body in translatory motion can have angular momentum
43 Why is spin angular velocity of star greatly enhanced when it collapses under gravitational
pull and becomes star
Ans : According conservation of angular momentum 𝐼1 𝜔1 =𝐼2 𝜔2 . When star collapses it’s
moment inertia decrease to keep angular momentum constant, spin angular velocity of the
star increase
44 Why are two propellers in a helicopter
Ans: If one propeller switched then lower part of the helicopter starts rotating in opposite
direction to balance it another propeller arranged when the second propeller switched on
then the helicopter remains stationary
45 The moment of inertia and the angular momentum of two bodies A and B are equal then
which has greater kinetic energy
𝐿2
Ans; 𝐾. 𝐸 = 2𝐼 . both L and I are same hence K.EA=K.EB.
46 An Iron ball and marble ball roll from rest down the incline, which goes bottom first
Ans: both will reach simultaneously
47 If the earth shrinks suddenly what happens length of the day
Ans: When earth shrinks it’s moment of inertia decreases, hence its angular velocity
increases. The length of the day decreases
48 Find the moment of inertia of pair of spheres, each having a mass m and radius r, kept in
contact about the tangent passing through the point of contact
14 𝑚𝑟 2
Ans : 5
49 A disc of radius 10 cm is rotating about its axis at an angular speed of 20 rad/s. find the
linear speed of the rim
Ans : 𝑣 = 𝑟𝜔, v=10 X 20= 200 cm/s = 2 m/s
50 A wheel is making revolution about its axis with uniform angular acceleration starting from
rest. It reaches 100 rev/s in 4 seconds. Find the angle rotated during these four seconds
𝜔+𝜔 200𝜋+0
𝜃 = ( 2 0)𝑡=( 2 )4=400 π rad
51 State newton’s law of gravitation
Ans: The gravitational force between two particles is directly proportional to product of their
masses and inversely proportional to square of the distance between them
𝐺𝑚 𝑚
𝐹 = 𝑟12 2
52 Mention the important points about gravitational force
Ans: (i) The gravitational force is attractive
(ii) The gravitational force between two bodies doesn’t depend on the medium
(iii) Gravitational force is central force (always acts along the line joining the centres of the
particles)
(iv) The gravitational between two particles can form action-reaction pair
53 Mention the relation between G and G
Ans: The gravitational force acting on body placed on the surface of the earth is equal to its
weight
𝐺𝑀𝑚
=mg
𝑅2
(R: Radius of earth, M: Mass of the earth, G: universal gravitational constant,
g:acceleration due gravity at place on the surface of the earth)
𝐺𝑀
g= 𝑅2
54 On what factors acceleration due to gravity at a point depends
Ans: (i) height (ii) depth (iii) latitude (iv) Shape of the earth (v) local conditions
55 Explain how acceleration due to gravity at a place depends on height from the surface of
the earth
Ans: The acceleration due to gravity decreases with increase in height from the surface of
the earth
𝑅
Ans; 𝑔ℎ = 𝑔[𝑅+ℎ]2
𝑔ℎ : Acceleration due to gravity at height h from the surface
g: Acceleration on the surface of the earth
R: Radius of the earth
56 Explain how acceleration due to gravity at a place depends on depth from the surface of
the earth
Ans As we move deep in to the earth acceleration due to gravity decreases
𝑅−𝑑
𝑔𝑑 = 𝑔[ ]
𝑅
The acceleration due gravity at the centre of the earth is equal to zero
57 Explain how the acceleration due to gravity at place changes with latitude
Ans: g value is maximum at poles and minimum at equator.
𝑔𝜑 = 𝑔 − 𝑅𝜔2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜑
𝜑 ∶ 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒, R: radius of the earth
58 Explain how acceleration due to gravity changes according to shape of the earth.
Ans: Earth is bulged at the equator and flattened at the poles.
The radius of the earth is maximum at equator hen g value is minimum and maximum at
poles, hence g value is minimum.
59 Define orbital velocity.
Ans: The minimum velocity with which an object must be protected from a certain height
above the surface of the earth to revolve around the earth is known as orbital velocity.
𝐺𝑀
Ans: orbital velocity (vo)=√ 𝑟
60 On what factors the orbital velocity of a satellite depends.
Ans: Orbital velocity of a satellite depends (I) mass of the planet (ii) Radius of the orbit.
Orbital velocity is independent of mass of the satellite.
61 Mention the expression for the total energy of a satellite.
𝐺𝑀𝑛 1 𝐺𝑀𝑚
Ans: Total energy of a satellite = Potential energy + Kinetic energy=− 𝑟 + 2 𝑚𝑣02 =− 2𝑟
62 What is binding energy of a satellite revolving in a circular of orbit radius r around the
planet of mass M
𝐺𝑀𝑚
Ans: Binding energy =-(Total energy)= 2𝑟
63 Define escape velocity.
Ans : Escape velocity on the surface of the earth is the minimum velocity given to a body to
make it free from earth gravitational field

64 What is a geo stationary satellite and mention its time period

A satellite which is revolving earth from west to east in the equatorial plane of the earth. The
time period of geo stationary satellite is equal to 24 hr
65 State the Kepler’s laws
Ans:
I law: Each planet moves in an elliptical orbit, with sun at one focus of the ellipse
II law: A line joining sun and planet sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals of time
III Law: The square of period of revolution of the planet is proportional to cube of average
distance between sun and the planet
66 Based on which law Kepler’s II law is stated.
Ans : Based on law of conservation of angular momentum
67 Based on which law Kepler’s III law is stated.
Ans: Kepler’s III law is stated based newton’s law of gravitation.
68 Why moon has no atmosphere.
Ans: The rms velocity of gas molecules is greater than escape velocity of the molecules on the
moon
69 If the diameter of the earth becomes two times of its present value and mass remains
unchanged, how would the weight of an object on surface of the earth be affected
𝐺𝑀
Ans: 𝑔 = 𝑅2 . Acceleration due to gravity is inversely proportional to square of the earth, if
diameter is doubled then acceleration due gravity on that g/4 and weight 1/4 th that on the
surface of the earth.
70 At what height from the surface of the earth will have acceleration due to gravity be reduced by
36 % then the value at the surface? (radius of the earth(R)=6400 km)
𝑅
Ans: 𝑔ℎ = 𝑔[𝑅+ℎ]2, gh=6.4, g=10
𝑅 𝑅 𝑅
6.4=10[𝑅+ℎ]2 , => 0.64=[𝑅+ℎ]2 => 0.8=𝑅+ℎ => h=R/4=1600 km
71. Define SHM
Ans: The given motion is said to be SHM, if it is a to and fro motion, where acceleration is
directed towards fixed point, and it is directly proportional to it’s displacement.
72. Define linear SHM
Ans: If a particle executes SHM along a straight line then it is said to be linear SHM.
73. Define angular SHM
Ans ;If a particle executes SHM along a circular path then its motion is said to be angular SHM.
74. what is basic equation for linear SHM
Ans: a=-𝜔2 𝑦 is known as basic equation for SHM
75. what is the basic equation for angular SHM
Ans: 𝛼 = −𝜔2 𝜃 is known as basic equation for angular SHM.
76 What is the length of simple pendulum which ticks the seconds
Ans: The simple which ticks the seconds is known as second’s pendulum whose time period is two
seconds. It’s length is 100 cm
𝑔 𝑇2
Length of the seconds pendulum (l) = 4𝜋2 =1m (T=2 S, g≈ 4𝜋 2 )
77. On factors time period of a simple pendulum depends
Ans: Time period of a simple pendulum depends on
(i) length of the pendulum(l)
(ii) Acceleration due to gravity at that place(g)
78. On what factors time period of simple pendulum doesn’t depend
Ans: Time period of a simple pendulum doesn’t depend on
(i) mass of the bob (ii) shape of the bob (iii) size of the bob and (iv) amplitude of the
oscillation
79 Can a simple pendulum be used in an artificial satellite or in a freely falling lift.
Ans No, because the time period of a simple pendulum doesn’t oscillate in artificial satellite or in a f
reely falling lift.
80. A girl is swinging a swing in the sitting position. What shall be the effect on the frequency of
oscillation if the stands up
Ans: Frequency of oscillations is increased.
81. The displacement of particle executing SHM is given by y = A sin(ωt + φ). find velocity and
acceleration of the particle.
𝑑𝑦
Ans: 𝑣 = 𝑑𝑡 = Aω cos(ωt+φ)
𝑑2 𝑦
a= 𝑑𝑡 2 = -Aω2 sin(ωt+φ)
82. The displacement of the particle is executing SHM is given by y=0.01 sin (πt +π/6) m. Find (a)
Amplitude (ii) angular velocity (iii) frequency (iv) initial displacement (v) max velocity and
(vi) max. acceleration
Ans: (i) Amplitude =0.01 m
(ii) Angular velocity (ω)= π rad/s
(iii) frequency (f) =ω/2π = 0.5 Hz
 (iv) Initial displacement =A sin(φ)=0.005 m
(v) Maximum velocity = ω A=0.01 π m/s
(vi) Maximum acceleration =ω2A=0.01 π2.
83. What is the nature of the graph drawn between displacement and velocity of particle executing
SHM
Ans: Ellipse
84 What is the nature of the graph drawn between velocity and acceleration of particle executing
SHM.
Ans: Ellipse
85 What is the nature of the graph drawn between displacement and acceleration of particle
executing SHM
Ans Straight line
86 On what factors time of loaded spring depends?
Ans (i) mass of the load and (ii) spring constant of the spring
87 On what factors the time period of a loaded spring doesn’t depend?
Ans Acceleration due to gravity
88 A spring of constant K is cut in two pieces whose lengths are in the ration of 2:3. Find the
spring constant of each piece
Ans: K1l1=k2l2=k(l1+l2)
let l1=2 and l2=3 and k1 and k2 are the spring constant of each piece
K1=5k/2 and k2=5k/3
89 Two springs each of spring constant K1 and K2 respectively are connected in series. Find the
effective spring constant of the combination.
Ans: k1k2/k1+k2
90 Two springs each of spring constant K1 and K2 respectively are connected in paralle. Find the
effective spring constant of the combination.
Ans: K1+k2.
91. What is the elastic limit
The maximum value stress up to which body can regain its original shape or structure
92. State Hooke’s law
Ans: With in elastic limit stress is directly proportional to strain.
93. Define (i) Young’s modulus (ii) Rigidity Modulus and (iii) bulk modulus
Ans Young’s Modulus: With in the elastic limit the ratio of longitudinal stress to longitudinal
strain.
Rigidity Modulus: With in the elastic limit the ration of tangential stress to tangential strain.
Bulk Modulus(K): with in the elastic limit the ratio of volume stress to volume strain.
94 Define Poisson’s ratio(σ )
Ans It is the lateral strain to longitudinal strain
95 State the relation between Y, n, K and σ
9𝐾𝑛
Ans: Y=3K(1-2σ) Y=2n(1+ σ) 𝑌 = 3𝐾+𝑛