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AOOP-Chapter 7- Java Applet

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15 views

AOOP-Chapter 7- Java Applet

Uploaded by

school exam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

CHAPTER FOUR

APPLET AND GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE

1
APPLET
 An Applet is a small Internet-based program that
has the Graphical User Interface (GUI), written in the
Java programming language.
 Applets are designed to run inside a web browser or in
applet viewer to facilitate the user to animate the
graphics, play sound, and design the GUI components
such as text box, button, and radio button.
 An applet represents byte code embedded in a html
page. (applet = bytecode + html) and run with the help
of Java enabled browsers such as Internet Explorer.
 Applets are compiled using javac compiler and it can
be executed by using an appletviewer or by embedding
the class file in the HTML (Hyper Text Markup
Languege) file. 2
 Unlike Java applications applets do not have a main
() method.
 To create applet we can use java.applet.Applet or
javax.swing.JApplet class
 All applets inherit the super class ‘Applet’. An
Applet class contains several methods that helps to
control the execution of an applet.
APPLET LIFECYCLE
 when an applet is loaded , it undergoes a series of
changes in its state.
 Following are the states in applets lifecycle.

1) Born or Initialization state:

 An applet begins its life when the web browser loads


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its classes and calls its init() method
 This method is called exactly once in Applets lifecycle
and is used to read applet parameters
 Thus, in the init() method one should provide
initialization code such as the initialization of
variables.
public void init()
{
//initialisation
}
2) Running State(Start):
 Once the initialization is complete, the web browser
will call the start() method in the applet
 This method must called at least once in the Applets
lifecycle.
4
 Start method is executed as long as applet gains
focus.
public void start()
{
//Code
}
3) Stopped State:
 The web browser will call the Applets stop()
method, if the user moved to another web page
while the applet was executing. When applet
loses focus.
 The stop() method is called at least once in
Applets Lifecycle.
public void stop()
{
//Code 5

}
4) Dead State:
 Finally, if the user decides to quit the web browser,
the web browser will free up system resources by
killing the applet before it closes.
 To do so, it will call the applets destroy() method
public void destroy()
{
// Code
}
Display State :
 Applet moves to the display state whenever it has to
perform the output operations on the screen
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paint(): This method takes a
java.awt.Graphics object as parameter. This
class includes many methods of drawing
necessary to draw on the applet window.
• This is equivalent to runnable state of
thread.

7
 The paint() method is called to accomplish this task.
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
//Display Statements
}

Init() Initialization
Start State

Start()
Stop()
Running Stopped
State state
Start()
Destroy()

Dead state 8
Example:
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
public class SimpleApplet extends Applet
{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.drawString("My First Applet",40,40);
}
}
 Save the file as SimpleApplet.java
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 Compile the file using javac SimpleApplet.java
How to run an Applet?
 There are two ways in which one can run an applet,
as follows
1) Executing the applet within a java-compatible web
browser.
2) Using an applet viewer, such as the standard JDK
tool, “appletviewer”. An applet viewer executes your
applet in a window.
 To execute an applet in a web browser, you need to
write a short HTML text file that contains the
appropriate APPLET tag.
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For above example it is
<html>
<body>
<applet code="SimpleApplet.class" width=200 height=100>
</applet>
</body>
</html>
 Save this code in text file with extension .html say
Myapplet.html.
 Compile the file using javac SimpleApplet.java

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 On successful compilation of SimpleApplet.java file,
execute the this file using appletviewer
Myapplet.html or just open this html file directly.
Building an applet code:
 Applet code uses the series of two classes, namely
Applet and Graphics from java class library.
 Applet class which is contained in the java.applet
package provides life and behavior to the applet
through its methods such as init(), start(), and
paint().

12
 When an applet is loaded, java automatically calls a
series of applet class methods for starting, running
and stopping the applet code.
 The applet class therefore maintains the lifecycle of
an applet.
 The paint() method of the applet class, when it is
called, actually display the result of applet code on
the screen.
 The output may be text, graphics or sound

 The paint() method, which requires a Graphics object


as an argument, is defined as follows:
public void paint(Graphics g)
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 This requires that the applet code imports the
java.awt package that contains the Graphics class.
 All output operations of an applet are performed
using the methods defined in the Graphics class.
APPLET TAG
 The Applet tag is used to start an applet from both
HTML document and from applet viewer.
 An applet viewer will execute each Applet tag that it
finds in a separate window, while web browsers like
Netscape Navigator, Internet Explorer and HotJava
will allow many applets in a single page.

14
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
/*
<applet code="Sample.class" width=300 height=50>
</applet>
*/
public class Sample extends Applet{
String msg;
// set the foreground and background colors.
public void init() {
setBackground(Color.cyan);
setForeground(Color.red);
msg = "Inside init( ) --";
} 15
// Initialize the string to be displayed.
public void start() {
msg += " Inside start( ) --";
}
// Display msg in applet window.
public void paint(Graphics g) {
msg += " Inside paint( ).";
g.drawString(msg, 10, 30);
}
}

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A program that accepts two numbers as inputs ,
calculate sum and display it

import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
public class userin extends Applet
{
TextField t1,t2;
public void init()
{
t1=new TextField(8);
t2=new TextField(8);
add(t1);
add(t2);
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t1.setText("0");
t2.setText("0");
}
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
int x=0,y=0,z=0;
String s1,s2,s;
g.drawString("Input a number in each box" ,10,50);
try{
s1=t1.getText();
x=Integer.parseInt(s1);
s2=t2.getText();
y=Integer.parseInt(s2); 18

}catch(Exception e){}
z=x+y;
s=String.valueOf(z);
g.drawString("The sum is:",10,75);
g.drawString(s,100,75);
}
public boolean action(Event e,Object o)
{
repaint();
return true;
}
}

19
 The paint() methods where all the action take
places.
 getText() method- retrieves values in the form of
string from text boxes
 parseInt() method- converts sting form data into
numeric .
 valueOf() method –converts numerical values into
string before display using String class.

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