1. in Focus-Sample Test Materials (2024)

In Focus: Sample Psychological Tests
RGO Review Center - Psychological Assessment Supplemental Readings

Dr. John Manuel R. Kliatchko, RPsy (2024 Review Season)
Dear RGO Reviewees,
As promised during our review, here is a summary of information about most of the tests
included in the CHED CMO 34, series of 2017. This is for you to be more familiarized with the
tests, as most (if not all) of you were not able to handle the tests physically, due to the online
delivery of instruction in the past three years. I hope this helps in your preparation.
Title Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV)

Author David Wechsler
Purpose The WAIS-IV is designed to assess the intellectual ability of adults. The test
measures both verbal and non-verbal skills using a battery of 10 core
subtests and five supplemental subtests. The subtests are based on the four
domains of intelligence: Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Reasoning,
Working Memory, and Processing Speed
The WAIS-IV is designed for use in educational settings for the purpose of
planning and placement for older adolescents and adults. It can also be used
to diagnose the extent to which neurological and psychiatric disorders may
affect mental functioning.
The test is individually administered. It takes approximately 59 to 100

minutes to administer the test for Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) and four index scores.
Test materials include two stimulus books, two response booklets, a record
form, and an administration manual. The test can be scored by hand or by
using the WAIS-IV Scoring Assistant software.
Versions The original version of the WAIS was published in 1939. At that time, it was
known as the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale. The test was designed to
incorporate verbal and performance scores into a composite intelligence
scale. The WAIS-IV is available in 16 languages.
The revisions to the WAIS-IV include updated norms, an extended age range
(16-90 years), an expanded FSIQ range, improved floors and ceilings to
obtain a more accurate measure at each extreme, improved subtest and
composite reliability/precision, shortened testing time, and revised
instructions.
The WAIS-IV also removed four subtests (Object Assembly, Picture

Arrangement, Digit Symbol-Incidental Learning, and Digit Symbol-Copy)
from the previous version (WAIS-III). Three new subtests (Visual Puzzles,
Figure Weights, and Cancellations) were added. Twelve subtests
(Similarities, Vocabulary, Information, Comprehension, Block Design,
Matrix Reasoning, Picture Completion, Digit Span, Arithmetic, Letter-
Number Sequencing, Symbol Search, and Coding) were revised with new
items and revised scoring.
For the Exclusive Use of RGO Reviewees Only. Not to be distributed.

Scales The WAIS-IV has four main scales that make up the FSIQ, and each main
scale has several subtests, including supplemental subtests that can be used
to replace one of the core subtests when necessary.
The Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) scale contains four subtests -

Similarities, Vocabulary, and Information are core subtests, and
Comprehension is supplementary.
The Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI) scale contains five subtests - Block
Design, Matrix Reasoning, and Information are core subtests, and Picture
Completion and Figure Weights are supplementary.
The Working Memory Index (WMI) scale contains three subtests - Digit
Span and Arithmetic are core subtests, and Letter-Number Sequencing is
supplementary.
The Processing Speed Index (PSI) scale contains three subtests - Symbol
Search and Coding are core subtests, and Cancellation is supplementary.
When FSIQ is significantly influenced by the WMI and PSI, a General

Ability Index can be calculated from the VCI and PRI).
Reliability and Both the individual scale reliability estimates and the full test reliability
Validity estimates are quite high, ranging from .90 for the PSI Scale, and .96 for the
VCI Scale. The reliability estimate for the FSIQ is .98. These reliability
estimates are the same as or higher than the WAIS-III.
Evidence of construct validity was provided by the correlations between the

WAIS-IV and the WAIS-III, on both the individual scales and the full test.
The correlations were quite high in all cases. For the VCI scale, it is .89, for
the PRI scale = .83, and for the WMI scale = .89, and for the PSI scale and
FSIQ = .94.
Title Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales-Fifth Edition (SB5)

Author Gale H. Roid
Purpose The SB5 was designed to assess intelligence and cognitive abilities in
children and adults ages 2 to 89 and older. The SB5 is most commonly used
to diagnosis learning disabilities and exceptionalities in children,
adolescents, and adults. The test measures five factors of cognitive ability:
fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual–spatial
processing, and working memory.
The Full Scale IQ is individually administered through 10 subtests, five

nonverbal (Nonverbal Knowledge, Nonverbal Quantitative Reasoning,
Nonverbal Visual Spatial Processing, Nonverbal Working Memory, and

Nonverbal Fluid Reasoning) and five verbal (Verbal Fluid Reasoning, Verbal
Quantitative Reasoning, Verbal Visual Spatial Reasoning, Verbal Working
Memory, and Verbal Knowledge).
At the start of the test, the administrator gives two routing subtests
(Nonverbal Fluid Reasoning and Verbal Knowledge). These identify the
starting level (from 1 to 6) for the remaining subtests.
The scales have varying administration times that range from 15 to 75

minutes. Individual items on the scale are generally not timed. The Full Scale
IQ takes 45 to 75 minutes to administer. The Verbal and Nonverbal IQ scales
can be administered in 30 minutes each. There is also an Abbreviated Battery
IQ consisting only of the two routing subtests that takes 15 to 20 minutes to
administer.
Numerous scores can be produced from the test data, including composite
scores, subtest scaled scores, percentile ranking, confidence intervals, age
equivalents, and change-sensitive scores. The tests can be scored by hand or
by computer using the SB5 Scoring Pro program.
Versions The original version of the test was published in 1916. Since then, it has
gone through five revisions. The most recent version, SB5, was published in
2003 and is an update to the fourth edition, published in 1986. The SB5
updates included adding a new factor of cognitive ability, Visual Spatial
Processing, and reducing the number of subtests from 15 to 10. Additional
toys and objects to manipulate for young children, additional nonverbal
content, and new items that distinguish between high and low extremes of
functioning were added. Last, record forms and books were updated to
enhance ease of use, and norms were expanded to include elderly abilities.
Scales The scales include the Full Scale IQ, two domain scores (Nonverbal IQ and
Verbal IQ), and five Factor Indexes (Fluid Reasoning, Knowledge,
Quantitative Reasoning, Visual Spatial Processing, and Working Memory).
Reliability and Reliability/precision was calculated through various methods such as test–
Validity retest reliability, interscorer agreement, and the split-half method. Mean
reliability coefficients for Nonverbal subtests are between .85 and .89. Mean
reliability coefficients for Verbal subtests are between .84 and .89. Mean
reliability coefficients for the Full Scale IQ is .98, for Nonverbal IQ .95, for
Verbal IQ .96, and for the Abbreviated Battery IQ .91. Average reliability
coefficients for the Factor Index scores were as follows: Fluid Reasoning
.90, Knowledge .92, Quantitative Reasoning .92, Visual Spatial Processing
.92, and Working Memory .91. The SB5 technical manual (cited in the
Mental Measurements Yearbook) presents a study comparing the SB5 to the
SB4. The study found that the correlation between the Full Scale scores was
.90. Construct validity was also examined through comparison of the SB5
and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales III, and the correlation found was
.82.

Title NEO Personality Inventory–3 (NEO-PI-3)

Author Robert R. McCrae
Purpose The NEO-PI-3 is used to assess normal personality in children and adults
ages 12 and up. It measures the Big Five factors of personality (referred to as
domains): Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and
Openness to Experience. The NEO-PI-3 provides a summary of an
individual’s emotional, interpersonal, experiential, attitudinal, and
motivational styles. The NEO-PI-3 is used in a variety of fields, including
clinical psychology, psychiatry, behavioral medicine, counseling,
industrial/organizational psychology, and education and personality research.
The NEO-PI-3 can be group or individually administered and takes

approximately 30 to 40 minutes to complete. It contains 240 items and three
validity-check items designed to identify whether a respondent is honestly
and accurately completing the inventory. Each item is rated on a five-point
scale. The NEO-PI-3 can be administered via pencil and paper, or it can be
administered and scored electronically with the NEO Software System.
The NEO-PI-3 contains two parallel versions. There is a self-report (Form S)

and an observer report (Form R), which is written in the third person and can
be used as a supplement to the self-report.
Versions In addition to the NEO-PI-3, there is a shortened form of the NEO
Personality Inventory, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory–3, which has 60 items
and provides scores on the five domain scales only. There is also a previous
version of the inventory, the NEO PI-R, as well as a version that eliminates
the Neuroticism scale, the NEO4, designed to be used in career and
personnel counseling, in which differences in an individual’s anxiety and
depression are generally less relevant.
As part of the update from the NEO PI-R to the NEO-PI-3, 38 items were
replaced, and the new assessment is now suitable for middle school–age
children and adolescents. In addition, separate norms are now available for
adolescent (12-20 years) and adult (21 years and older) test takers. Clinicians
can continue using the NEO PI-R.
Scales The scales include the following five domains and six traits that define each
domain:
§ Neuroticism (Anxiety, Angry Hostility, Depression, Self-Consciousness,
Impulsiveness, Vulnerability)
§ Extraversion (Warmth, Gregariousness, Assertiveness, Activity,
Excitement-Seeking, Positive Emotions)
§ Openness (Fantasy, Aesthetics, Feelings, Actions, Ideas, Values)
§ Agreeableness (Trust, Straight-Forwardness, Altruism, Compliance,
Modesty, Tender-Mindedness)

§ Conscientiousness (Competence, Order, Dutifulness, Achievement

Striving, Self-Discipline, Deliberation)
Reliability and In terms of reliability/precision, internal consistency coefficients range from
Validity .89 to .93 for the domain scales on both Form R and Form S. Internal
consistency coefficients for the facet scales range from .54 to .83 for both
Form R and Form S.
In terms of validity, evidence exists that groups of individuals who differ on

test construct also differ in group mean scores in theoretically predictable
ways. For example, psychotherapy patients tend to score high on
Neuroticism and drug abusers tend to score low on Agreeableness and
Conscientiousness. Further evidence of validity comes from comparing
NEO-PI-3 scores to scores on other personality inventories.
According to Costa and McCrae (2008), there have been over 2,000
published articles and books attesting to the validity of the NEO. Construct
validity has been demonstrated by the observation that the scales on the NEO
have been shown to correlate in predictable fashion with many other well-
researched tests of personality including the MMPI, the PAI, and the Millon
Clinical Multiaxial Inventory. The scales have also shown to have predictive
evidence of validity in a wide range of applications including vocational
interests, ego development and diagnoses of personality disorders.
Studies on the Revised NEO Personality Inventory also show convergent and
discriminant evidence of (construct) validity with other personality tests such
as the Self Directed Search, Meyers-Briggs Type Indicator, and the
Personality Research Form.
Title Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

Author Katherine Cook Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers
Purpose The MBTI is a personality test that helps individuals understand their
personality preferences. The MBTI was developed in 1943 by Katherine
Briggs and her daughter, Isabel Briggs Myers, and was based on the
psychological-type framework of Carl Jung and on their belief that
understanding differences in personality preferences can help individuals
interact with others more effectively.
After extensive reading of Jung’s theories and an intense study of people,

Briggs and Briggs Myers determined that people differ in four primary ways.
They referred to these differences as preferences and likened them to how we
favor one of our hands over the other. Although every individual uses both
hands, most individuals have a preference for, or favor, using one hand over
the other.

The results of the MBTI provide individuals with insights into their own
personality preferences and can serve as a catalyst for improving
relationships with others. The MBTI is often used for team development,
conflict management, leadership and coaching, and career exploration. The
MBTI is most appropriate for adults and students ages 14 years or older.
Caution should be taken when using the MBTI with younger children
because research suggests that types are less developed with younger
children and individuals who are less mature.
Available in paper-and-pencil format and online, the self-administered MBTI

requires individuals to respond to forced-choice questions. It is available in
approximately 30 languages and takes 15 to 25 minutes to complete.
Versions Various versions of the MBTI are available.
§ Form M, referred to as the standard form since 1998, is written at the
7th-grade reading level and consists of 93 items. Developed for
individuals age 14 years or older, Form M includes one booklet
containing the 93 items, an answer sheet, and interpretive information.
Simple scoring instructions are also included. In addition, there is a self-
scorable version that is ideal for use in workshop settings where there is
limited time available for scoring.
§ Form Q consists of 144 items (93 items from Form M plus 51 additional
items). This version extends the personality preferences to include
explanations of why individuals of similar type may behave differently.
Each preference is further expanded.
§ The Murphy–Meisgeier Type Indicator for Children consists of 43 items
and is specially designed for use with children ages 8 to 18 years. This
form can be scored by computer.
§ MBTI Step III instrument consists of 222 forced choice items written at
the 9th-grade reading level for ages 18 and older. This form is designed
to assess current use of perception and judgment with three Sufficiency
scales (confidence, stamina, and compensatory strain) and 26
developmental scales.
Scales The MBTI provides data on four sets of preferences: Where you focus your
energy—Extroversion (E) or Introversion (I) How you take in information—
Sensing (S) or Intuition (N) How you make decisions—Thinking (T) or
Feeling (F) How you deal with the outer world—Judging (J) or Perceiving
(P) When these four sets of preferences are combined, they result in 16
different personality types:
§ ISTJ, ISFJ, INFJ, INTJ
§ ISTP, ISFP, INFP, INTP
§ ESTP, ESFP, ENFP, ENTP
§ ESTJ, ESFJ, ENFJ, ENTJ
Reliability and Reliability/precision studies indicate that the MBTI has good test–retest
Validity reliability, with the reliability/ precision of the S–N, E–I, and J–P scales
being higher than that of the T–F scale. In test–retest studies, individuals

tend to be typed with three of the four type preferences 75% to 90% of the
time (the preference on which they vary is typically one where the preference
was relatively weak). Test–retest reliability coefficients tend to range
between .73 and .83 (E–I), .69 and .87 (S–N), .56 and .82 (T–F), and .60 and
.87 (J–P). Estimates of internal consistency range between .55 and .65 (E–I),
.64 and .73 (S–N), .43 and .75 (T–F), and .58 and .84 (J–P). Although the
reliabilities are good across age and ethnic groups, reliabilities with some
groups on some scales may be somewhat lower. For children, the reliabilities
of the scales are extremely low; therefore, the MBTI should be used with
caution with children.
A number of validity studies indicate good relationships, in expected

directions, providing evidence of construct validity. For example, the MBTI
test user’s manual includes correlations of the four preference scales with a
variety of scales from other personality and interest instruments, including
the 16 Personality Factors, Million Index of Personality Styles, California
Psychological Inventory, NEO Personality Inventory, Fundamental
Interpersonal Relations Orientation–Behavior, Adjective Checklist, Strong
Interest Inventory, Skills Factors Inventory, Skills Confidence Inventory,
Salience Inventory, Values Scale, Work Environment Scale, Maslach
Burnout Inventory, Coping Resources Inventory, and State–Trait Anxiety
Inventory. Although numerous validity coefficients are reported in the
manual, correlation coefficients for the four scales range between .66 and .76
(E–I), .34 and .71 (S–N), .23 and .78 (T–F), and .39 and .73 (J–P). No
evidence exists in the literature that the MBTI correlates with measures of
job performance; therefore, the MBTI is not appropriate for job screening,
placement, or selection without an independent criterion-related validation
study using a large sample of applicants or employees.
Title Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 (MMPI-2)

Author Starke R. Hathaway, J. C. McKinley, and James N. Butcher
Purpose The original MMPI—the most widely used personality test in the world—
was developed during the late 1930s and published in 1943 as a tool for
routine clinical assessment. Its purpose was to help clinicians assign
appropriate diagnoses to persons who showed signs of mental disorders. The
developers gathered a large number of questions from textbooks, personality
inventories, and clinicians. They administered the questions to patients for
whom diagnoses were available in hospitals and clinics in Minnesota. Then
they analyzed the responses by grouping them by diagnostic category. They
put in the MMPI only those questions that were answered differently by a
diagnostic group (e.g., schizophrenic patients). They also added three
“validity” scales to detect respondents who answered questions dishonestly.
When revising the MMPI, the authors added three more validity scales.
(Note that validity scales do not assess the validity of a test’s scores.) The

test is appropriate for ages 18 and older and takes approximately 60 to 90

minutes to administer.
Versions During the 1980s, a restandardization committee studied and revised the
MMPI. The MMPI-2, published in 1989, was developed using a sample of
persons (1,138 men and 1,461 women) randomly chosen from seven regions
of the United States. The sample was designed to resemble the 1980 U.S.
census in age, gender, minority status, social class, and education. The
MMPI–Adolescent, a parallel inventory to the MMPI-2, is available for
adolescents aged 14 to 18. The MMPI-2-RF (restructured form) contains 338
items to streamline the test as well as the MMPI-A-RF.
Scales The MMPI-2 includes 567 items and is composed of more than 120 scales
within the following 8 categories: Validity Indicators, Superlative Self-
Presentation Subscales, Clinical Scales, Restructured Clinical Scales,
Content Scales, Content Component Scales, Supplementary Scales, and
Clinical Subscales).
The MMPI-2 has 10 clinical scales:
1. Hypochondriasis: excessive or exaggerated concerns about physical health
2. Depression: issues of discouragement, pessimism, and hopelessness as

well as excessive responsibility
3. Conversion Hysteria: sensory or motor disorders that have no organic

basis, denial, and lack of social anxiety
4. Psychopathic Deviation: degree to which relatively normal individuals

have a willingness to acknowledge problems, including a lack of concern for
social or moral standards with a tendency for “acting out”
5. Masculinity/Femininity: attitudes and feelings in which men and women

are thought to differ (originally a measure of homoerotic feelings)
6. Paranoia: interpersonal sensitivities and tendencies to misinterpret the

motives and intentions of others, including self-centeredness and insecurity
7. Psychasthenia: excessive worries, compulsive behaviors, exaggerated

fears, generalized anxiety, and distress, including declarations of high moral
standards, self-blame, and rigid efforts to control impulses
8. Schizophrenia: strange beliefs, unusual experiences, and special

sensitivities related to schizophrenia
9. Hypomania: excessive ambition, elevated energy, extraversion, high

aspirations, grandiosity, and impulsive decision making

10. Social Introversion: social shyness, preference for solitary pursuits, and
lack of social assertiveness The MMPI-2 contains nine validity scales, each
of which contains a group of questions that provide information on the test
taker’s level of honesty and motivation during test administration.
On the original MMPI, the Lie scale, the Infrequency scale, and the
Correction scale were designed to indicate whether the respondent lied,
minimized, or exaggerated difficulties; responded randomly; or demonstrated
an unwillingness to cooperate.
Three new validity scales were added during the test’s revision. The Back-
Page Infrequency scale provides a score for a test taker’s diligence in
completing the test, the True Response Inconsistency scale is designed to
measure lack of cooperation, and the Variable Response Inconsistency scale
provides a measure of the test taker’s inconsistency.
These scales are important for interpreting test results because error can be
added to the test score when the test taker does not answer questions
truthfully or honestly.
Reliability and Because the developers of the MMPI and MMPI-2 placed questions on
Validity scales based on their ability to distinguish groups with specific diagnoses
(rather than grouping questions according to how well they measured the
same construct), the internal consistency of the MMPI-2 is low. Test–retest
reliability is higher, indicating that scores remain somewhat consistent over
time (Rojdev, Nelson, Hart, & Fercho, 1994). Because empirically based
tests are developed without regard to validity evidence based on content, no
link can be made between a domain of mental disorders and the MMPI-2.
The increasing use of the MMPI stimulated a large body of research

regarding its validity in various situations. Much of the research was critical,
including charges regarding low validity. For example, critics noted that the
norming sample for the MMPI was drawn from one region and contained
mostly people of one race and ethnic background (Colligan, Osborne,
Swenson, & Offord, 1983). Definitions of neurotic and psychotic conditions
also changed after the MMPI was developed. For instance, in 1994, the latest
revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
discarded homosexuality, a disorder the original MMPI purportedly
identified as a mental disorder. The norm group for the MMPI-2 contained
2,600 individuals, ages 18 years and older, who were selected as a
representative sample of the U.S. population.
The MMPI-2, although significantly improved over the original version, still
is presented as valid based on evidence of the original version. Some
researchers, such as Rojdev and colleagues (1994), have reported evidence of

validity. Rossi, Van den Brande, Tobac, Sloore, and Hauben (2003) have also
reported convergent evidence of validity for the MMPI-2 with the Millon
Clinical Multiaxial Inventory–III, a personality test designed to provide
diagnostic and treatment information to clinicians in the areas of personality
disorders and clinical syndromes.
Title 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire, Fifth Edition (16PF, 16PFQ)

Author Raymond B. Cattell, Karen Cattell, Heather Cattell, Mary Russell, and
Darcie Karol
Purpose The 16PF is a self-report personality test designed to measure normal
personality traits in people 16 years or older. Originally published in 1949,
the fifth edition was published in 1993. The 16PF is based on 16 scales
identified using factor analysis that are grouped into five global factors.
Professionals use the 16PF in various settings, including business, clinical,
and school settings, to help make employee selection decisions, promote
employee development, and understand client problems in the context of
one’s personality.
The fifth edition includes 185 simple questions about daily behavior,
interests, and opinions. It takes approximately 35 to 50 minutes to complete
the assessment by hand and 25 to 35 minutes on a computer. The following
are two sample true/false questions:
When I find myself in a boring situation, I usually “tune out” and daydream
about other things.
When a bit of tact and convincing is needed to get people moving, I’m
usually the one who does it.
Versions The 16PF is available in a number of versions, including 16PF Fifth Edition
Questionnaire, 16PF Adolescent Personality Questionnaire, and 16PF
Couples Counseling Questionnaire. The test may be administered
individually or in groups. The test is available in paper-and-pencil format
and online, with a number of user guides and manuals available to assist with
administration and interpretation. The test may be scored by hand or by
computer.
Scales The 16PF has 16 scales, each of which measures one of the following:
(A) Warmth, (B) Reasoning, (C) Emotional Stability, (E) Dominance, (F)
Liveliness, (G) Rule-Consciousness, (H) Social Boldness, (I) Sensitivity, (L)
Vigilance, (M) Abstractedness, (N) Privateness, (O) Apprehensiveness, (Q1)
Openness to Change, (Q2) Self-Reliance, (Q3) Perfectionism, and (Q4)
Tension.
The 16 scales are grouped into five global factors:

§ Extraversion
§ Anxiety
§ Tough-Mindedness
§ Independence
§ Self-Control
The 16PF also includes three response style indices: Impression

Management, Infrequency, and Acquiescence. High scores on any of these
scales may serve as red flags that the test taker is not answering honestly and
instead is answering in a more socially desirable way, faking, or randomly
responding. This information helps those who interpret the test come to
accurate conclusions.
Reliability and In terms of reliability/precision, the test–retest reliability coefficients of the
Validity 16PF, Fifth Edition, for a 2-week period for the global factors range between
.84 and .91. For the primary factors, test–retest reliability coefficients range
between .69 and .87, and coefficient alpha values range between .64 and .85,
with a mean of .74.
Over 60 published studies provide evidence for the validity of the 16

personality traits measured on the 16PF. The test manual provides evidence
of construct validity and validity using the concurrent method as well as the
rationale for the 16PF structure. The administrator’s manual cautions test
users about making prognostic or predictive decisions from the results of the
16PF.

ASSESSMENT OF INTELLIGENCE
II. Assessment of Intelligence

Purdue Non-Language Test (PNLT)
§ The PURDUE NON-LANGUAGE TEST
is a “culture fair” test designed to measure
mental ability. Since it consists entirely of
geometric forms, there is evidence to show
that it can be used effectively with persons
having markedly different cultural or
educational backgrounds.
§ It has two (2) Forms (A and B)
§ It has 48 items, with a time limit of 25
minutes

Purdue Non-Language Test (PNLT)
§ The PURDUE NON-LANGUAGE TEST
is a “culture fair” test designed to measure
mental ability. Since it consists entirely of
geometric forms, there is evidence to show
that it can be used effectively with persons
having markedly different cultural or
educational backgrounds.
§ It has two (2) Forms (A and B)
§ It has 48 items, with a time limit of 25
minutes


Culture Fair Intelligence Test Culture Fair Intelligence Test
§ All cultures tend to reinforce certain § It has four sub-tests
skills and activities at the expense of § Test 1: Series (3 mins. – 13 items)
others. One purpose of nonverbal and § Test 2: Classifications (4 mins. – 14 items)
performance tests is to remove factors § Test 3: Matrices (3 mins. – 13 items)
related to cultural influences so that one § Test 4: Topology (2.5 mins. – 10 items)
can measure pure intelligence
independently of learning, culture, and
the like.

SRA Verbal and Non Verbal
§ The SRA Verbal and Non-Verbal Forms
have been developed through several years
of research, specifically for use in business
and industrial reasons. They are short,
quickly scored tests of general Intelligence
– for use with all types of job applicants,
from unskilled factory laborer to company
president.


§ The Verbal Form is used mainly
executive, supervisory, accounting,
clerical and similar personnel –
with at least a junior high
education with no language
handicaps.
§ The Verbal Form uses items
proved by research to test abilities
to think with words and numbers.
§ 84 items; 15 minutes

§ The Non-Verbal Form also measures the intelligence of personnel with
reading difficulties; illiterates, and foreign born – where tests requiring a
knowledge of English word meaning cannot be used.
§ The Non-Verbal Form uses items testing ability to reason out differences in
pictured objects. No reading is required. Research has shown that recognition
of differences is basic to learning aptitude.
§ 60 items; 10 minutes


Interpreting Intelligence Test Scores
§ For all intelligence tests, interpretation is
straightforward. (1) Convert raw scores to
percentiles or stanines. Use the soft copies
of manuals. (2) Consult the tables of verbal
interpretation we have used earlier (i.e.,
what percentiles are equivalent to superior,
above average, low, etc.).
§ Actually, stanines are clustered into three
groups – High (stanines 7, 8, and 9);
Average (stanines 4, 5, and 6), and Low
(stanines 1, 2, and 3).
III. Assessment of Aptitude

Differential Aptitude Tests (DAT)
The DAT is a battery of tests measuring
several abilities.
The following are the subscales:
§ Verbal Reasoning
§ Numerical Ability
§ Abstract Reasoning
§ Mechanical Reasoning
§ Space Relations
§ Clerical Speed and Accuracy
§ Language Usage
§ Spelling


Differential Aptitude Tests (DAT)
§ How to interpret? (1) Convert raw scores to percentiles or stanines. Use the soft
copies of manuals. (2) Consult the tables of verbal interpretation we have used
earlier (i.e., what percentiles are equivalent to superior, above average, low, etc.).
Actually, stanines are clustered into three groups – High (stanines 7, 8, and 9);
Average (stanines 4, 5, and 6), and Low (stanines 1, 2, and 3).

Flanagan Industrial Tests
The FIT is a battery of 18 tests. Two (2) of these
are the following:
§ Planning: ability to plan, organize, and
schedule; ability to foresee problems that may
arise and to anticipate the best order for
carrying out various steps.
§ Judgment and Comprehension: ability to
read with understanding, to reason logically,
and to use good judgment in interpreting
materials.


Flanagan Industrial Tests
§ How to interpret: (1) Convert raw
scores to percentiles or stanines. Use
the soft copies of manuals. (2) Consult
the tables of verbal interpretation we
have used earlier (i.e., what percentiles
are equivalent to superior, above
average, low, etc.). Actually, stanines
are clustered into three groups – High
(stanines 7, 8, and 9); Average (stanines
4, 5, and 6), and Low (stanines 1, 2, and
3).
Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS)
§ One of the best-known and earliest examples of a

theoretically derived structured personality test
§ According to Edwards, the EPPS is not actually a test in the
strictest sense of the word because there are no right or
wrong answers.

§ The theoretical basis for the EPPS is the need system

proposed by Murray (1938).
§ Edwards selected 15 needs from Murray’s list and
constructed items with content validity for each.

§ To avoid biased responses, Edwards formed pairs of items roughly
comparable in social desirability and required subjects to select the
item from the pair that was more characteristic of their likes or
feelings (forced choice technique).
§ As a further check on validity of responses, Edwards included a
consistency scale with 15 pairs of statements repeated in identical
form.


§ The EPPS provides measures § Succorance (suc)
of 15 personality variables. § Dominance (dom)
§ Abasement (aba)
§ Achievement (ach) § Nurturance (nur)
§ Deference (def) § Change (chg)
§ Order (ord) § Endurance (end)
§ Exhibition (exh)
§ Autonomy (aut) § Heterosexuality (het)
§ Affiliation § Aggression (agg)
§ Intraception (int)

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In Focus: Sample Psychological Tests

RGO Review Center - Psychological Assessment Supplemental Readings

Dear RGO Reviewees,

Title Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV)

The test is individually administered. It takes approximately 59 to 100

The WAIS-IV also removed four subtests (Object Assembly, Picture

For the Exclusive Use of RGO Reviewees Only. Not to be distributed.

The Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) scale contains four subtests -

When FSIQ is significantly influenced by the WMI and PSI, a General

Evidence of construct validity was provided by the correlations between the

Title Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales-Fifth Edition (SB5)

The Full Scale IQ is individually administered through 10 subtests, five

For the Exclusive Use of RGO Reviewees Only. Not to be distributed.

The scales have varying administration times that range from 15 to 75

For the Exclusive Use of RGO Reviewees Only. Not to be distributed.

Title NEO Personality Inventory–3 (NEO-PI-3)

The NEO-PI-3 can be group or individually administered and takes

The NEO-PI-3 contains two parallel versions. There is a self-report (Form S)

For the Exclusive Use of RGO Reviewees Only. Not to be distributed.

§ Conscientiousness (Competence, Order, Dutifulness, Achievement

In terms of validity, evidence exists that groups of individuals who differ on

Title Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

After extensive reading of Jung’s theories and an intense study of people,

For the Exclusive Use of RGO Reviewees Only. Not to be distributed.

Available in paper-and-pencil format and online, the self-administered MBTI

For the Exclusive Use of RGO Reviewees Only. Not to be distributed.

A number of validity studies indicate good relationships, in expected

Title Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 (MMPI-2)

For the Exclusive Use of RGO Reviewees Only. Not to be distributed.

test is appropriate for ages 18 and older and takes approximately 60 to 90

The MMPI-2 has 10 clinical scales:

1. Hypochondriasis: excessive or exaggerated concerns about physical health

2. Depression: issues of discouragement, pessimism, and hopelessness as

3. Conversion Hysteria: sensory or motor disorders that have no organic

4. Psychopathic Deviation: degree to which relatively normal individuals

5. Masculinity/Femininity: attitudes and feelings in which men and women

6. Paranoia: interpersonal sensitivities and tendencies to misinterpret the

7. Psychasthenia: excessive worries, compulsive behaviors, exaggerated

8. Schizophrenia: strange beliefs, unusual experiences, and special

9. Hypomania: excessive ambition, elevated energy, extraversion, high

For the Exclusive Use of RGO Reviewees Only. Not to be distributed.

The increasing use of the MMPI stimulated a large body of research

For the Exclusive Use of RGO Reviewees Only. Not to be distributed.

Title 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire, Fifth Edition (16PF, 16PFQ)

The 16 scales are grouped into five global factors:

The 16PF also includes three response style indices: Impression

Over 60 published studies provide evidence for the validity of the 16

For the Exclusive Use of RGO Reviewees Only. Not to be distributed.

II. Assessment of Intelligence

II. Assessment of Intelligence

For the Exclusive Use of RGO Reviewees Only. Not to be distributed.

II. Assessment of Intelligence

II. Assessment of Intelligence

For the Exclusive Use of RGO Reviewees Only. Not to be distributed.

II. Assessment of Intelligence

II. Assessment of Intelligence

For the Exclusive Use of RGO Reviewees Only. Not to be distributed.

II. Assessment of Intelligence

III. Assessment of Aptitude

For the Exclusive Use of RGO Reviewees Only. Not to be distributed.