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DESIGN OF WIND TURBINE SYSTEM INTEGRATED WITH BATTERY ENERGY

STORAGE SYSTEM

Article in Journal of Electrical Engineering and Automation · December 2019

DOI: 10.36548/jeea.2019.2.002

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Journal of Electrical Engineering and Automation (EEA) (2019)
Vol.01/ No. 02
Pages: 72-82
https://www.irojournals.com/iroeea
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jeea.2019.2.002

DESIGN OF WIND TURBINE SYSTEM INTEGRATED WITH

BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM

1
Güngör BAL, 2Süleyman Emre EYİMAYA
1
Department of EEE, Faculty of Technology, Gazi University, Ankara-Turkey
Email: gunbal@gazi.edu.tr
2
TUSAŞ Scholl of Vocation, Gazi University, Ankara-Turkey
Email: eyimaya@gazi.edu.tr

Abstract: Due to uncontrolled natural variables such as wind speed, the correlation between the renewable energy production
and the demand is strenuous. In order to make the renewable enrgy system effective the energy storage systems are utilized
employing the, control systems for the enegy in the battery and power. In addition, the rapidly changing wind speed,
particularly in wind turbines, causes variations in the power obtained from wind causing instability at a higher power levels.
The system engaged in storing energy is employed to reduce fluctuations in power and to maintain stability of power
systems. In this study, a wind turbine system integrated with energy storage system was created. This system is modeled and
tested in MATLAB / Simulink. The results obtained evinces that the proposed system reduces power fluctuations and
succeeds in meeting load demand

Keywords: Renewable energy systems; Wind turbines; power fluctuations; power system stability, Battery energy storage
systems.

1. INTRODUCTION

Global warming, fossil fuel depletion, craving for energy independence an ever-increasing demand for
power has heightened the curiosity and research on energy that are renewable in recent years [1]. Among
renewable energy sources, wind energy stands out with its advantages that can be provided in any season, day or
night [2,3].

Wind energy remains as the befitting solution in the area where the installation of the conveyance
system are costly. In small-networks applied in such areas, the sources of the in exhaustible power follows the
demand in the load power to avoid fluctuations in the voltage and frequency. As the speed of the wind is a
natural phenomenon and hard to be controlled, it becomes difficult to follow the demands in the load., so this
paves way for the utilization of the small networks, photovoltaic systems , wind system , energy storage cells

ISSN: 2582-3167 72
Journal of Electrical Engineering and Automation (EEA) (2019)
Vol.01/ No. 02
Pages: 72-82
https://www.irojournals.com/iroeea
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jeea.2019.2.002

and the diesel generators in a hybrid manner to supply the energy as per the demand[4]. Various studies have
been made on wind turbine and energy storage hybrid systems. “Energy storage technologies are key
components in these systems. Different energy storage technologies such as chamber pump storage systems,
compressed air storage systems, batteries, flow cells, hydrogen-based storage systems, superconducting magnetic
energy storage systems, flywheels and supercapacitors reduce power fluctuations, increase voltage and
frequency stability and power quality of the power system and can be used for various purposes according to
peak reduction properties” [5].

The problem combining the inexhaustible enrgy source and the power gird necessitates the need for
energy storage systems [6]. Energy storage systems are utilized to serve the demands of the energy loads, /offer
regulation in frequency and voltage. However, in power surge reduction applications, batteries, superconducting
magnetic energy storage systems, supercapacitors, and flywheels are widely utilized due to their fast response
and long life characteristics [7].

Static, compact and modular structure, easy to install, low maintenance cost, highly efficient, and quick
response Reducing power fluctuations in hybrid renewable energy systems and energy storage applications that
are grid-scale, [8]. Though various BESS schemes are researched, Li-On batteries have become the subject of
further research with the fast charge-discharge characteristics, along with the quick response and great cycle life.

Many renewable systems have been modeled by research on various alternative energies [9-10]. Many
other studies [11-13] involving modeling of hybrid sources have been included in the literature. Several studies
have been proposed to achieve the required power ripple reduction with reduced BESS capacity [14-16]. Two
time-scale coordination control of the storage system to reduce wind energy fluctuations [17], a double-layer
control strategy involving surge reduction control [18] and the energy storage system sizing method [12] for
wind energy integration, by combining BESS with the supercapacitor In storage technologies, reducing energy
storage capacity and extending the life of BESS [19] are examples of these studies.

In this study, a wind farm system with battery energy storage system is designed to increase the quality
of the power transmitted to the grid. However, it focuses on reducing power fluctuation and performing energy
management by determining reference power values. It is used as Li-On based BESS system for energy storage.
The performance of the system is verified by simulation studies.

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Journal of Electrical Engineering and Automation (EEA) (2019)
Vol.01/ No. 02
Pages: 72-82
https://www.irojournals.com/iroeea
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jeea.2019.2.002

2. Battery energy storage systems (BESS)

Energy storage is emerging as a requirement for energy quality and sustainability in renewable energy
sources. Storage devices are often used to protect sensitive electronic devices from power quality problems.
Unless the frequency and voltage fluctuations often seen in electrical power systems are eliminated, the system
becomes completely unstable and insecure. The fast response and stability required for system stability can be
met by the energy storage system. Energy storage systems can provide robust, long-lasting and cost-effective
power savings for long-term wind turbine applications. What's more, energy storage systems provide emergency
and backup power to improve reliability. Load tracking, additional power capacity, energy and frequency
support, improving power quality, reducing power fluctuations in the power system, BESS's contributions to the
power system.

Unlike conventional energy sources, the most significant disadvantage of renewable sources is that they
cannot be stored for later use. Therefore, despite their limited availability, the need to obtain maximum energy
from these sources is crucial. Moreover, since the energies used tend to depend on climate conditions, it is
difficult to ensure that they are consistent and stable. This makes renewable energy sources very erratic and
unstable. Because of the extreme unpredictable behavior of the wind, the power generated by the wind turbine is
very susceptible to harmonic distortions and related faults that could damage the operation of the system. In such
cases energy storage systems are needed to eliminate irregularities and improve power quality. BESS is required
to control power outputs and is an indispensable source of energy to ensure maximum efficiency from renewable
energy systems [16].

BESS is required to reduce power fluctuations in wind turbines and solar panels. BESS stores excess
energy when the output power of the wind turbine and solar panels is higher than the energy demand. Stored
energy is used when energy production is not sufficient. This requires an effective BESS. Recent advances in
energy storage technologies provide an opportunity to increase the use of renewable energy and reduce
fluctuations in output power [20-31].

3. Proposed wind turbine system and energy storage system

The proposed scheme comprises the wind turbine and storage system for the energy. The created system
is designed in Matlab / Simulink. The Figure.1 is the block diagram of the proffered; wind turbine, permanent

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jeea.2019.2.002

magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), rectifier, inverter, Li-On based battery energy storage system (BESS),
load (or network) along with the energy managing control system.

Figure 1. System with Wind Turbine and BESS

3.1. Wind turbine system model

The wind-power system model whose parameters are given in Figure 2 consists of a 8.5 kW three-phase
protruding synchronous generator enabled with the permanent magnet (PMSG), wind turbine and wind angle-
control system.

Figure 2. Parameters in Matlab / Simulink model of wind turbine block

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jeea.2019.2.002

In the wind turbine, PMSG produces three-phase alternating current with the kinetic energy generated
by the rotation of the blades with the wind. Wind speed determines the voltage as well as the frequency. As can
be seen in Figure 3, the continuously changing wind speed is defined in the system. These values are set to
change at specific time intervals. The generated energy must be converted into a constant frequency, constant
voltage AC power. Therefore, the output voltage of the PMSG must be corrected. In addition to the rectifier
circuit, MPPT is used to ensure extreme conversion efficiency of the energy. The torque reference utilizing the
wind speed variable is determined using the MPPT algorithm. The torque reference generated is obtained by
using the rectified wind speed and DC voltage acts as the references for current. The hysteresis controller is
utilized in generating the switch signal for the MPPT. Wind turbine Matlab / Simulink model is given in Figure
4.

Figure 3. Wind speed variations in time

Figure 4. Matlab / Simulink model of wind turbine

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jeea.2019.2.002

3.2 Model of battery energy storage system

BESS is connected to the DA bus via the bi-directional DA-DA converter this compensates as well as
minimizes the power fluctuations in the output obtained in the energy conversion system engaged for wind. The
150V, 6.5Ah Li-On battery in the system is framed as in Figure 5.

Figure 5. Matlab / Simulink model of BESS

Within the modeled hybrid system, time varying wind speed data is entered into the system. A 150V,
6.5Ah Li-On battery is included in the system to compensate for the energy of fluctuating renewable sources.
This energy storage system controls battery, wind turbine and load. With this control, it is aimed not to transfer
the fluctuations in the wind turbine to the load.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jeea.2019.2.002

3.3. Simulation results

The obtained power from the wind turbine based on the simulation is shown in Figure 6. Since the wind
speed input having a continuously changing structure in the modeled system is processed into the system, it is
seen that the wind turbine has a continuously changing structure as a result of simulation with the change of
wind speed. This undulating power structure adversely affects the power quality. It is seen that the output power
is directly proportional to the speed of the wind.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jeea.2019.2.002

Figure 6. Wind turbine system output power graph

Figure 7. Variation of powers in the modeled system

Figure 7 shows the changes in all power values in the system, the wind turbine output power obtained
by the variable values of the wind speed, integrated into the power obtained as a charge or discharge battery
power to the load at required times and load power varies depending on demand. It is seen that wind turbine
power fluctuations decrease in the power graph transferred to the load at the system output and the system
becomes more stable. However, in case of reductions in wind turbine output power, the battery power is
activated and the required load power is met. It is seen that the system works efficiently and reduces fluctuations
in the time period when the load increases. When the wind turbine cannot meet the energy demand, the energy
system is supported by the battery providing the amount of energy to meet the demand in the load. Thus, the
battery is discharged and the charge level decreases.

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Wind energy could be low or high when compared to the power demand based on the speed of the wind and its
demand for the power. The BESS and the proposed algorithm appears to provide a balance in the energy
between the hybrid convertor of the energy system as well as the demand for power and the load power
dependent on wind speed and reduce power fluctuations. In this way, the power quality of the loads, in particular
for systems without grid connection, is improved. In sudden changes the proposed system responds quickly to
the transient and avoids the power oscillations.

4. Conclusion

In this study, a hybrid renewable energy system comprised of the energy obtained from wind including
accumulator energy storage unit is designed and tested. It is concluded that the power quality problems caused
by the variable factors in the wind turbine are reduced with the proposed system. The proposed system has
reduced the fluctuations in power a better quality in power. At the same time, modeling has been found to
improve system stability and reliability, and the proffered system takes a rapid transient response, providing a
stability in the operation even under the unexpected circumstance. In this system, the energy supply and demand
balance was realized and it was concluded that the efficiency of the system increased.

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