PYTHON MONGODB

PYTHON MONGODB

• Python can be used in database applications.

• One of the most popular NoSQL database is MongoDB.
• MongoDB stores data in JSON-like documents, which makes the database very
flexible and scalable.
• You can download a free MongoDB database at https://www.mongodb.com
• Install PyMongo Driver - Python needs a PyMongo driver to access the MongoDB
database.
• Download and install " PyMongo"
• pip install pymongo
 CREATE DATABASE

• To create a database in MongoDB, start by creating a MongoClient object, then

specify a connection URL with the correct ip address and the name of the database
you want to create.
• MongoDB will create the database if it does not exist, and make a connection to it
 CREATE DATABASE

# Create database “mydatabase”

import pymongo

myclient = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")

mydb = myclient["mydatabase"]

• In MongoDB, a database is not created until it gets content!

• MongoDB waits until you have created a collection (table), with at least one
document (record) before it actually creates the database (and collection).
 LIST ALL DATABASES

• In MongoDB, a database is not created until it gets content, so if this is your first
time creating a database, you should create collection and create document before
you check if the database exists!
• You can check if a database exist by listing all databases in you system:

import pymongo
myclient = pymongo.MongoClient('mongodb://localhost:27017/')
print(myclient.list_database_names())
 CHECK IF DB EXISTS

• Check if "mydatabase" exists:

import pymongo
myclient = pymongo.MongoClient('mongodb://localhost:27017/')
dblist = myclient.list_database_names()
if "mydatabase" in dblist:
print("The database exists.")
else:
print("The database does not exist.")
 CREATING A COLLECTION
• A collection in MongoDB is the same as a table in SQL databases
• To create a collection in MongoDB, use database object and specify the name of
the collection you want to create.
• MongoDB will create the collection if it does not exist
• Create a collection called "customers“

import pymongo
myclient = pymongo.MongoClient('mongodb://localhost:27017/')
mydb = myclient['mydatabase']
mycol = mydb["customers"]
 CHECK IF COLLECTION EXISTS

• In MongoDB, a collection is not created until it gets content, so if this is your first time
creating a collection, you should create document before you check if the collection exists!
• You can check if a collection exist in a database by listing all collections:
• Return a list of all collections in your database:

import pymongo
myclient = pymongo.MongoClient('mongodb://localhost:27017/')
mydb = myclient['mydatabase']
mycol = mydb["customers"]
print(mydb.list_collection_names())
 CHECK IF COLLECTION EXISTS

• You can check a specific collection by name:

• Check if the "customers" collection exists:

collist = mydb.list_collection_names()
if "customers" in collist:
print("The collection exists.")
else:
print("The collection does not exist.")
 INSERT DOCUMENT

• A document in MongoDB is the same as a record in SQL databases

• Insert Document Into Collection:
• To insert a document in MongoDB, into a collection, we use the insert_one()
method
• The first parameter of the insert_one() method is a dictionary containing the
name(s) and value(s) of each field in the document you want to insert.
 INSERT DOCUMENT

• Insert a document in the "customers" collection:

import pymongo

myclient = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")
mydb = myclient["mydatabase"]
mycol = mydb["customers"]

mydict = { "name": "John", "address": "Highway 37" }

x = mycol.insert_one(mydict)
 RETURN THE _ID FIELD

• insert_one() method returns a InsertOneResult object, which has a property, inserted_id ,

that holds the id of the inserted document
• Insert another record in the "customers" collection, and return the value of the _id field

import pymongo
myclient = pymongo.MongoClient('mongodb://localhost:27017/')
mydb = myclient['mydatabase']
mycol = mydb["customers"]
mydict = { "name": "Peter", "address": "Lowstreet 27" }
x = mycol.insert_one(mydict)
print(x.inserted_id)
 RETURN THE _ID FIELD
• If you do not specify an _id field, then MongoDB will add one for you and
assign a unique id for each document
• In the example above no _id field was specified, so MongoDB assigned a
unique _id for the record (document).
 INSERT MULTIPLE DOCUMENTS

• To insert multiple documents INTO a collection in MongoDB, we use the

insert_many() method
• The first parameter of the insert_many() method is a list containing
dictionaries with the data you want to insert
 INSERT MULTIPLE DOCUMENTS
import pymongo
myclient = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")
mydb = myclient["mydatabase"]
mycol = mydb["customers"]
mylist = [
{ "name": "Amy", "address": "Apple st 652"},
{ "name": "Hannah", "address": "Mountain 21"},
{ "name": "Michael", "address": "Valley 345"},
{ "name": "Sandy", "address": "Ocean blvd 2"},
{ "name": "Betty", "address": "Green Grass 1"},
{ "name": "Richard", "address": "Sky st 331"},
{ "name": "Susan", "address": "One way 98"},
{ "name": "Vicky", "address": "Yellow Garden 2"},
{ "name": "Ben", "address": "Park Lane 38"},
{ "name": "William", "address": "Central st 954"},
{ "name": "Chuck", "address": "Main Road 989"},
{ "name": "Viola", "address": "Sideway 1633"}
]
x = mycol.insert_many(mylist)
#print list of the _id values of the inserted documents:
print(x.inserted_ids)
 INSERT MULTIPLE DOCS, WITH SPECIFIED IDS
• If you do not want MongoDB to assign unique ids for you document, you can specify
the _id field when you insert the document(s).
• Remember that the values has to be unique.
• Two documents cannot have the same _id.
 INSERT MULTIPLE DOCUMENTS
import pymongo
myclient = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")
mydb = myclient["mydatabase"]
mycol = mydb["customers"]
mylist = [
{ "_id": 1, "name": "John", "address": "Highway 37"},
{ "_id": 2, "name": "Peter", "address": "Lowstreet 27"},
{ "_id": 3, "name": "Amy", "address": "Apple st 652"},
{ "_id": 4, "name": "Hannah", "address": "Mountain 21"},
{ "_id": 5, "name": "Michael", "address": "Valley 345"},
{ "_id": 6, "name": "Sandy", "address": "Ocean blvd 2"},
{ "_id": 7, "name": "Betty", "address": "Green Grass 1"},
{ "_id": 8, "name": "Richard", "address": "Sky st 331"},
{ "_id": 9, "name": "Susan", "address": "One way 98"},
{ "_id": 10, "name": "Vicky", "address": "Yellow Garden 2"},
{ "_id": 11, "name": "Ben", "address": "Park Lane 38"},
{ "_id": 12, "name": "William", "address": "Central st 954"},
{ "_id": 13, "name": "Chuck", "address": "Main Road 989"},
{ "_id": 14, "name": "Viola", "address": "Sideway 1633"}
]
x = mycol.insert_many(mylist)
#print list of the _id values of the inserted documents:
print(x.inserted_ids)
 FIND ONE
• To select data from a collection in MongoDB, we can use the find_one()
method.
• The find_one() method returns the first occurrence in the selection.
• Find the first document in the customers collection:
import pymongo

myclient = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")
mydb = myclient["mydatabase"]
mycol = mydb["customers"]

x = mycol.find_one()

print(x)
 FIND ALL

• To select data from a collection in MongoDB, we can also use the find() method.
• The find() method returns all occurrences in the selection.
• The first parameter of the find() method is a query object.
• In this example we use an empty query object, which selects all documents in the
collection.
• No parameters in the find() method gives you the same result as SELECT * in
MySQL.
 FIND ALL

• Return all documents in the "customers" collection, and print each document:

import pymongo

myclient = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")
mydb = myclient["mydatabase"]
mycol = mydb["customers"]

for x in mycol.find():
print(x)
 RETURN ONLY SOME FIELDS
• The second parameter of the find() method is an object describing which fields to include in
the result.
• This parameter is optional, and if omitted, all fields will be included in the result.
• Return only the names and addresses, not the _ids
import pymongo
myclient = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")
mydb = myclient["mydatabase"]
mycol = mydb["customers"]

for x in mycol.find({},{ "_id": 0, "name": 1, "address": 1 }):

print(x)
 RETURN ONLY SOME FIELDS
• You are not allowed to specify both 0 and 1 values in the same object (except if one of the
fields is the _id field). If you specify a field with the value 0, all other fields get the value 1,
and vice versa:
• This example will exclude "address" from the result:

import pymongo
myclient = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")
mydb = myclient["mydatabase"]
mycol = mydb["customers"]
for x in mycol.find({},{ "address": 0 }):
print(x)
 RETURN ONLY SOME FIELDS
• You get an error if you specify both 0 and 1 values in the same object (except if one
of the fields is the _id field):

import pymongo
myclient =
pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")
mydb = myclient["mydatabase"]
mycol = mydb["customers"]
for x in mycol.find({},{ "name": 1, "address": 0 }):
print(x)
 QUERY
• Filter the Result When finding documents in a collection, you can filter the result by using a
query object.
• The first argument of the find() method is a query object, and is used to limit the search.

# Find document(s) with the address "Park Lane 38":

import pymongo
myclient = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")
mydb = myclient["mydatabase"]
mycol = mydb["customers"]
myquery = { "address": "Park Lane 38" }
mydoc = mycol.find(myquery)
for x in mydoc:
print(x)
 ADVANCED QUERY
• To make advanced queries you can use modifiers as values in the query object.
• E.g. to find the documents where the "address" field starts with the letter "S" or higher
(alphabetically), use the greater than modifier: {"$gt": "S"}:

# Find documents where address starts with the letter "S" or higher:
import pymongo
myclient = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")
mydb = myclient["mydatabase"]
mycol = mydb["customers"]
myquery = { "address": { "$gt": "S" } }
mydoc = mycol.find(myquery)
for x in mydoc:
print(x)
 FILTER WITH REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
• Find documents where the address starts with the letter "S":

import pymongo
myclient = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")
mydb = myclient["mydatabase"]
mycol = mydb["customers"]
myquery = { "address": { "$regex": "^S" } }
mydoc = mycol.find(myquery)

for x in mydoc:
print(x)
 SORT THE RESULT
• Use the sort() method to sort the result in ascending or descending order.
• The sort() method takes one parameter for "fieldname" and one parameter for "direction"
(ascending is the default direction).
# Sort the result alphabetically by name:
import pymongo
myclient = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")
mydb = myclient["mydatabase"]
mycol = mydb["customers"]
mydoc = mycol.find().sort("name")
for x in mydoc:
print(x)
 SORT DESCENDING

• Sort the result reverse alphabetically by name:

import pymongo
myclient = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")
mydb = myclient["mydatabase"]
mycol = mydb["customers"]
mydoc = mycol.find().sort("name", -1)

for x in mydoc:
print(x)
 DELETE DOCUMENT

• To delete one document, we use the delete_one() method.

• The first parameter of the delete_one() method is a query object defining which document to
delete.
• Note: If the query finds more than one document, only the first occurrence is deleted.
# Delete the document with the address "Mountain 21":
import pymongo
myclient = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")
mydb = myclient["mydatabase"]
mycol = mydb["customers"]
myquery = { "address": "Mountain 21" }
mycol.delete_one(myquery)
 DELETE MANY DOCUMENTS

• To delete more than one document, use the delete_many() method.

• The first parameter of the delete_many() method is a query object defining which
documents to delete.
# Delete all documents were the address starts with the letter S:
import pymongo
myclient = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")
mydb = myclient["mydatabase"]
mycol = mydb["customers"]
myquery = { "address": {"$regex": "^S"} }
x = mycol.delete_many(myquery)
print(x.deleted_count, " documents deleted.")
 DELETE ALL DOCUMENTS IN A COLLECTION

• To delete all documents in a collection, pass an empty query object to the

delete_many() method:
• Delete all documents in the "customers" collection:

import pymongo
myclient = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")
mydb = myclient["mydatabase"]
mycol = mydb["customers"]
x = mycol.delete_many({})
print(x.deleted_count, " documents deleted.")
 UPDATE COLLECTION
• You can update a record, or document as it is called in MongoDB, by using the update_one() method.
• The first parameter of the update_one() method is a query object defining which document to update.
• Note: If the query finds more than one record, only the first occurrence is updated. The second
parameter is an object defining the new values of the document.

# Change the address from "Valley 345" to "Canyon 123":

import pymongo
myclient = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")
mydb = myclient["mydatabase"]
mycol = mydb["customers"]
myquery = { "address": "Valley 345" }
newvalues = { "$set": { "address": "Canyon 123" } }
mycol.update_one(myquery, newvalues)
#print "customers" after the update:
for x in mycol.find():
print(x)
 UPDATE MANY

• To update all documents that meets the criteria of the query, use the update_many() method.
# Update all documents where the address starts with the letter "S":
import pymongo
myclient = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")
mydb = myclient["mydatabase"]
mycol = mydb["customers"]
myquery = { "address": { "$regex": "^S" } }
newvalues = { "$set": { "name": "Minnie" } }
x = mycol.update_many(myquery, newvalues)
print(x.modified_count, "documents updated.")
 LIMIT THE RESULT
• To limit the result in MongoDB, we use the limit() method. The limit() method takes one
parameter, a number defining how many documents to return. Consider you have a
"customers" collection:
{'_id': 1, 'name': 'John', 'address': 'Highway37'}
{'_id': 2, 'name': 'Peter', 'address': 'Lowstreet 27'}
{'_id': 3, 'name': 'Amy', 'address': 'Apple st 652'}
{'_id': 4, 'name': 'Hannah', 'address': 'Mountain 21'}
{'_id': 5, 'name': 'Michael', 'address': 'Valley 345'}
{'_id': 6, 'name': 'Sandy', 'address': 'Ocean blvd 2'}
{'_id': 7, 'name': 'Betty', 'address': 'Green Grass 1'}
{'_id': 8, 'name': 'Richard', 'address': 'Sky st 331'}
{'_id': 9, 'name': 'Susan', 'address': 'One way 98'}
{'_id': 10, 'name': 'Vicky', 'address': 'Yellow Garden 2'}
{'_id': 11, 'name': 'Ben', 'address': 'Park Lane 38'}
{'_id': 12, 'name': 'William', 'address': 'Central st 954'}
{'_id': 13, 'name': 'Chuck', 'address': 'Main Road 989'}
{'_id': 14, 'name': 'Viola', 'address': 'Sideway 1633’}
 LIMIT THE RESULT

# Limit the result to only return 5 documents:

import pymongo
myclient = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")
mydb = myclient["mydatabase"]
mycol = mydb["customers"]
myresult = mycol.find().limit(5)
#print the result:
for x in myresult:
print(x)
 36

THANK YOU!

Dr. Zahid Ahmed Ansari 10/25/2023