101911
101911
101911
DESCRIPTION
The ZXCD1000 provides complete control and applications. This lack of crossover distortion, sets the
modulation functions at the heart of a high efficiency ZXCD1000 solutions quite apart from most other
high performance Class D switching audio amplifier presently available low cost solutions, which in
solution. In combination with custom output general suffer from severe crossover distortion
magnetics (ZXFN1000) and Zetex HDMOS MOSFET problems.
devices, the ZXCD1000 provides a high performance
Class D audio amplifier with all the inherent benefits of FEATURES
Class D.
• 90% efficiency
The ZXCD1000 solution uses proprietary circuitry and • 4 / 8 Ω drive capability
magnetic technology to realise the true benefits of • Noise Floor -115dB for solution
Class D without the traditional drawback of poor • Flat response 20Hz - 20kHz
distortion performance. The combination of circuit • High gate drive capability ( 2200pF)
design, magnetic component choice and layout are
• Very low THD + N 0.1% typical full power full
essential to realising these benefits.
band ( for the solution)
The ZXCD1000 reference designs give output powers • Complete absence of crossover artifacts
up to 50W rms with typical open loop (no feedback) • OSC output available for sync in multi-channel
distortions of less than 0.2% THD + N over the entire applications
audio frequency range at 90% full output power. This • Available in a 16 pin eQSOP package
gives an extremely linear system. The addition of a
minimum amount of feedback (10dB) further reduces APPLICATIONS
distortion figures to give < 0.1 % THD + N typical at • Automotive audio systems
1kHz.
• Home Theatre
From an acoustic point of view, even more important • Multimedia
than the figures above, is that the residual distortion is • Wireless speakers
almost totally free of any crossover artifacts. This • Portable audio
allows the ZXCD1000 to be used in true hi-fi
• Sub woofer systems
• Public Address system
Distortion v Power
THD + N (%)
10W
5W
1W
Output Power
The plot shows Distortion v Power into an 8Ω load at 1kHz. This plot clearly demonstrates the unequalled
performance of the Zetex solution. Typical distortion of 0.05% at 1W can be seen with better than 0.15% at 10W.
Truly world class performance.
VCC 20V
Power Dissipation 1W
Operating Temperature Range -40°C to 70°C
Storage Temperature Range -50°C to 85°C
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device.
These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond
those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum
conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
TEST CONDITIONS (unless otherwise stated) VCC = 16V, TA = 25°C
SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS LIMITS UNITS
MIN TYP MAX
V CC Operating Voltage Range 12 16 18 V
I ss Operating Quiescent V CC = 12V 40 mA
Current V CC = 18V 40
mA
V CC = 16V 40
mA
F osc Switching Frequency C osc = 330pF 150 200 250 kHz
F osc(tol) Frequency Tolerance C osc = 330pF +/-25 %
Vol OutA/B Low level output voltage No load 100 mV
Voh OutA/B High level output voltage No load 7.5 V
T Drive Output Drive Capability Load Capacitance 50 ns
(OUT A / B Rise/Fall) = 2200pF
5V5tol Internal Rail Tolerance 1µF Decoupling 5.23 5.5 5.77 V
9VA/Btol Internal Rail Tolerance 1µF Decoupling 8.32 8.75 9.18 V
Audio A / B Input Impedence 1.35k 1.8k 2.3k Ohms
Triangle Input Impedence 1.35k 1.8k 2.3k Ohms
A/B
Audio A / B Bias Level 2.95 3.1 3.25 V
Triangle Bias Level 2.95 3.1 3.25 V
A/B
Osc A / B Amplitude 0.89 1.05 1.2 V
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ZXCD1000
4 Dist No connection
5 C osc External timing capacitor node (to set the switching frequency)
Audio A 1 16 5V5
Triangle A 2 15 Out A
Osc A 3 14 9VA
Dist 4 13 VCC
Cosc 5 12 9VB
Osc B 6 11 Gnd2
Triangle B 7 10 Out B
Audio B 8 9 Gnd
Figure 1
Pin Connection Diagram
Triangle A
Triangle B
Osc A
Osc B
Cosc
Dist
4 5 3 6 7 2
Pre- O/P
Audio A Driver Driver
Out A
PWM
1 Comp A 15
Pre- O/P
Audio B Driver Driver
Out B
PWM
8 Comp B 10
Internal 5V5
VCC
13 Internal 9V
14 12 16 9 11
Gnd
Gnd2
9VB
5V5
9VA
Figure 2.
Functional Block Diagram
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ZXCD1000
O/P
Triangle A/B
Comparator O/P
(Duty Cycle = 50%)
Triangle A/B
Triangle A/B Audio A/B
Audio A/B
O/P
Comparator O/P
Comparator O/P (Duty Cycle = 25%)
(Duty Cycle = 75%)
With no audio input signal applied, the AudioA/B load (with the audio information contained in the PWM
inputs are biased at the mid-point of the triangular signal) via the off chip output bridge and single stage
wave, and the duty cycle at the output of the L-C filter network.
comparators is nominally 50%. As the AudioA/B signal
ascends towards the peak level, the crossing points The ramp amplitude is approximately 1V. The AudioA,
with the (higher frequency) triangular wave also AudioB, TriangleA and TriangleB inputs are internally
ascend. The comparator monitoring these signals biased to a DC voltage of approximately VCC/5. The
exhibits a corresponding increase in output duty cycle. mid - point DC level of the OscA and OscB triangular
Similarly, as the AudioA/B signal descends, the duty outputs is around 2V. The triangular wave at the Cosc
cycle is correspondingly reduced. Thus the audio input pin traverses between about 2.7Vand 3.8V and the dist
Pulse Width Modulates the comparator outputs. This pin exhibits a roughly square wave from about 1.4V to
principle is illustrated in Figures 3a, b, c and d. The 2V. (The above voltages may vary in practice and are
comparator outputs are buffered and used to drive the included for guidance only).
OutA and OutB outputs. These in turn drive the speaker
R5
Q1
56R ZXM64P03X
D2
C18
C10 100n
A1b L1
ZXFN1000
68µF
D1 20uH
1/2 NE5532 C11
C3 C17
AUDIO INPUT C2 R16 100n
C13 C15 C34 100n A4b Q2
R1 100n 22µF 100µF R3 ZXM64N03X
22µF
2k7 ZXCD1000 C23 C24
100R 56R 470n 470n
22µF 1 16 C27
U2 Audio A 5V5
470n
C1 C8 2 15 R2
Triangle A Out A
2n2 2n2 C4 3 14
D1 47k SPEAKER A
Gnd INPUT 47n OscA 9VA A4a
R13 4 13
2k7 Dist VCC 12V REG R17
****
6
R10 5 12
Cosc 9VB
10k VCC
6 11
OscB Gnd2
R14 C6 7 10
D3 R6
270pF C5 Triangle B Out B A1a 47k
2k7 47n
8 9
C35
Audio B Gnd R7 ****
Q3
1/2 NE5532 U1 C12 C14 C16 56R ZXM64P03X SPEAKER B
C7 100n 22µF 100µF D3
12V REG R15
R11 C19 L2
2k7 100n
2k7 22µF A1b ZXFN1000
U2
C9 20uH
2n2 D4
R12 C22 C21
2k7 22µF 100n
C20
100n A4b Q4
R8 ZXM64N03X
C25 C26
56R C28 470n 470n
470n
78L12 R9
U3 D4 47K
VCC 1 3 A4a
VI VO 12V REG
GND
ISSUE 1 - MARCH 2001
Figure 4
Zetex Class D 25W Mono Open Loop Solution
ZXCD1000
Class D 25W Mono Open Loop (Bridge Tied switching PWM signal that comes from the bridge.
Load - BTL) Solution – Circuit Description Thus the lower frequency audio signal is recovered and
Proprietary circuit design and high quality magnetics is available at the speakerA and speakerB outputs
are necessary to yield the high THD performance across which the speaker should be connected. The
specified. Deviation from the Zetex recommended ZXFN1000 magnetics form an integral part of, and are
solution could significantly degrade performance. specially designed for, the Zetex solution.
The speaker is connected as a Bridge Tied Load (BTL). The optional components R17 and C3 form a Zobel
This means that both sides of the speaker are driven network. The applicability of these depends upon the
from the output bridge and therefore neither side of the application and speaker characteristics. Suggested
speaker connects to ground. This allows maximum values are 47nF and 10 ohms
power to be delivered to the load, from a given supply
voltage. The supply voltage for this solution is Efficiency
nominally 16V.
The following plots show the measured efficiency of
A schematic diagram for the solution is shown in the Zetex solution at various power levels into both 4Ω
Figure 4. The audio input is AC coupled and applied to a and 8Ω loads. As a comparison, typical efficiency is
simple R-C (R1 and C1) low pass filter and a phase plotted for a class A-B amplifier. They clearly
splitter built around the NE5532 dual op-amp. One of demonstrate the major efficiency benefits available
these op-amps is configured as a voltage follower and from the Zetex class D solution.
the other as a X1 inverting amplifier. This produces in
phase and inverted signals for application to the
ZXCD1000. The op-amp outputs are AC coupled into
the ZXCD1000 Audio A and Audio B inputs via simple
R-C low pass filters (R16/C8 and R15/C9). The op-amps
are biased to a DC level of approximately 6V by R11 and
R12.
Audio Input
Figure 7.
Class D 25W Mono O.L. PCB
Silk Screen (Actual Size)
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ZXCD1000
It is well known that this kind of distortion is particularly Other Solutions - Stereo, Closed Loop and
unpleasant to the listener. The two scope traces clearly Higher Powers.
show the lack of such artifacts with the Zetex solution
STEREO
It is possible to duplicate the above solution to give a 2
channel stereo solution. However if the oscillator
frequencies are not locked together, a beat can occur
which is acoustically audible. This is undesirable. A
stereo solution which avoids this problem can be
achieved by synchronising the operating frequencies
of both ZXCD1000’s class D controller IC’s, by slaving
one device from the other. This is illustrated in Figure 8.
ZXCD1000
CX1 Audio A 5V5
Triangle A Out A
Osc A 9VA
Dist VCC
RX1 MASTER
1.5k Cosc 9VB
Osc B Gnd2
Triangle B Out B
ZETEX Class D Solution. (10W into 4Ω)
Audio B Gnd
Note lack of Crossover Artifacts RX2
1.5k
CX2
ZXCD1000
Audio A 5V5
Triangle A Out A
Dist VCC
SLAVE
Cosc 9VB
Triangle B Out B
Audio B Gnd
Figure 8.
Frequency sync for Stereo Apps.
Here OscA on the master is used to drive both
TriangleA and TriangleB inputs on the master. OscB on
the master is used to drive both TriangleA and
TriangleB inputs on the slave. In order to achieve the
increased drive capabilty required by the OscA/B
Typical Class D Solution. outputs on the master, 1.5kΩ pull down resistors are
Note Large Crossover Artifacts added from these pins to ground. The slave oscillator is
disabled by connecting pin 4 (dist) to ground. Great
care must be taken when linking the triangle from the
master to the slave. Any pickup can cause slicing errors
and result in increased distortion. The best connection
method is to run two tracks, side by side, from the
master to the slave. One of these tracks would be the
triangle itself, and the other would be the direct local
ground linking the master pin9 ground to the slave pin
9 ground.
Q1
75R ZXM64P03X
D2
C6
1µF
1N4148 ZXFN1000
20uH
D3 BRIDGE
SPEAKER A
O/P A
C7
C27 1µF 1N4148 Q3
22µF
IC1 C4 R3 ZXM64N03X
1 16
Audio A 5V5
75R
R22 C1 2 15 1µF C10
Triangle A Out A
3.9K 1µF 1µF
3 14 R4
OscA 9VA
4 13
D4 47K
Dist VCC 1N4148
R14 5 ZXCD1000 12 C5
Cosc 9VB
R9 1/2 LM358D 560R
10K 2 6 11 1µF C24
OscB Gnd2
*****
1 C13 C2 7 10
Triangle B Out B
2.2nF 1µF D5 R5
1/2 LM358D 8 9 1N4148 47K
R10 Audio B Gnd
3 5 VCC
10K 7
C3 R6
330pF Q2
75R ZXM64P03X
10
6 R13 D6
R12 10k C8
1µF
10K 1N4148
R11 R43 R15 BRIDGE ZXFN1000 R17
2.4K 1k R23 560R C14 O/P B *****
C12 3.9K 2.2nF D7
10µF 20µH
C9
1µF 1N4148 Q4
C42 C20 R7 ZXM64N03X
R24 R28
1.6k 75R SPEAKER B
220R
0.1u 47µF C11
R8 1µF
D8 47K
1N4148
R16 R29 C22
R31 15k 2.7k 680pF
1.5k 1/2 RC4558D R25 R40
C21 2 R27
R32 1 10k 430R
3.9k
R20 10k
3.3µF 6 R26 R41
10k R18 3
AUDIO INPUT 8.2k
7 10k 430R
R21
1.5k C18 5
47µF C40
47n C41
1/2 RC4558D 47n
R19
4.7k
Figure 9.
25W Mono with Feedback
VCC
R31
1.5k
C21 1/2 RC4558D
R32 3
Audio IN 1
10k
3.3µF R20
10k
2
R21 C18 R16
1.5k 47µF
15k C20
47µF
R18
8.2k
R24
220R
R19
4.7k
1/2 RC4558D
R26 5
FROM BRIDGE O/P A 10k
7 R43
(via R41/C41) 1k
6 R29
R25 2.7k C22
FROM BRIDGE O/P B 680pF
10k R27
(via R40/C40)
3.9k
To Phase Splitter
R28
1.6k
Figure 10.
Feedback and Input Circuitry.
VCC
R9
10k
1/2 LM358D
R10 3
1 R14
10k
560R To AudioA input (In Phase Signal)
R11 2
2.4k C12 R22 C13
10µF 3.9k 2.2nF
1/2 LM358D
5 R15
R12 7
Audio Signal 560R
10k 6 To AudioB input (Inverted Signal)
From Input / Feedback Circuitry
R23 C14
R13 3.9k 2.2nF
10k
Figure 11.
Phase Splitter
12
ZXCD1000
dB
10W
5W
1W
THD v Power into 8 at 1kHz FFT of distortion and noise floor at 1W (8 load)
dB
dB
f(Hz) f(Hz)
Frequency response (8 load) FFT of distortion and noise floor at 10W (8 load)
dB
20W
1W 10W
5W
Output Power
f(Hz)
THD v Power into 4 at 1kHz FFT of distortion and noise floor at 1W (4 load)
dB
dB
f(Hz) f(Hz)
Frequency response (4 load) FFT of distortion and noise floor at 20W (4 load)
Note roll off.
This can be corrected by using an alternative values for
output filter components.
14
ZXCD1000
DETAIL "A"
D A1 SEATING PLANE
SIDE VIEW
Zetex plc.
Fields New Road, Chadderton, Oldham, OL9-8NP, United Kingdom.
Telephone: (44)161 622 4422 (Sales), (44)161 622 4444 (General Enquiries)
Fax: (44)161 622 4420
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Telefon: (49) 89 45 49 49 0 Telephone: (631) 543-7100 Telephone:(852) 26100 611
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This publication is issued to provide outline information only which (unless agreed by the Company in writing) may not be used, applied or reproduced for
any purpose or form part of any order or contract or be regarded as a representation relating to the products or services concerned. The Company reserves
the right to alter without notice the specification, design, price or conditions of supply of any product or service.
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