MECHANICS-STRENGTH

Quiz No. 1
1. GigaNewton (GN) means

a. 1,000,000,000 N
b. 1,000,000 N
c. 1,000 N
d. 100 N

2. It is a definite amount of matter the parts of which are fixed in position

relative to each other. It does not deform under loads.
a. Solid body
b. Rigid body
c. Particle
d. Atom

3. It is any action that tends to maintain or alter the motion of a body or to distort
it.
a. Impact
b. Velocity
c. Acceleration
d. Force

4. A pair of equal and parallel forces acting in opposite directions, and tending to
cause rotation about an axis perpendicular to the plane containing them.
a. Couple
b. Torque
c. Moment
d. Resultant

5. bh3/12 is the centroidal moment of inertia of what beam cross section?

a. Circle
b. Triangle
c. Rectangle
d. Trapezoid

6. Which is incorrect in the equations below?

a. 1 MPa = 1 x 106 N/m2
b. 1 kPa = 1 x 103 N/m2
c. 1 Pa = 1 N/m2
d. 1 GPa = 1 x 108 N/m2
7. When the coefficient of friction is zero, the contact surfaces is.
a. Rough
b. 50% Rough
c. 50% Smooth
d. Frictionless

8. A rectangular block weighing 100 N, resting on a smooth surface creates a

normal force or reaction towards the bottom of the block equivalent to:
a. 95% of the weight
b. 100 N
c. 100 lbs
d. Zero

9. If the 100-N rectangular block that is resting on a smooth surface is pulled to

the right by 80-N force, what is the frictional resistance developed between the
contact surfaces?
a. 80% of the weight
b. 100 N
c. 80 N
d. Zero

10. The truss shown below is loaded with 20 kN at each joint on the top chord and
10 kN at each joint on the bottom chord. Determine the bar force developed in
the indicated bar A. The extreme left and right joints are not loaded

A
A

a. 10 kN
b. 20 kN
c. 15 kN
d. Zero

11. If the simply supported beam with simple supports carries a uniformly
distributed load w =100 kN/m on a span length of L = 6 m, what is the
 reaction developed in the roller support:

a. 300 kN
b. 600 kN
c. 100 kN
d. Zero

12. The maximum bending moment of the loaded beam in Problem 11 is:
1 2
a. ½ wl2 = 1800 kNm c. wl = 1200 kNm
3
1 2 1
b. wl = 450 kNm d. wl2 = 900 kNm
8 4

13. A structure that can be analyzed using statics alone. If the number of
unknown reactions is equal to or less than the number of equations of static
equilibrium, the structure is:

a. Any structure c. Statically indeterminate structure

b. Statically determinate structure d. All the above

14. Weight equals mass multiplied by the acceleration due to gravity. If the
material has a mass of 100kg, what is its weight?

a. 98.1 N c. 9.81 N
b. 9810 N d. 981 N

15. It is defined as the shear force per unit of Nominal surface area of
a reinforcement bar acting parallel to the bar on the interface between the bars
and surrounding concrete. In steel and concrete it is mainly due to pure
adhesive resistance, frictional resistance and mechanical resistance.

a. Circumferential stress c. Tensile stress

b. Bearing stress d. Bond stress

16. It is the twisting of an object due to an applied torque.

a. Moment c. Torsion
b. Couple d. Rotation
17. It is the ratio of effective length and radius of gyration, kl/r.
a. Poisson’s ratio c. Water-cement ratio
b. Slenderness ratio d. Deflection

18. It is the amount of bowing of an elastic body as an external force is applied

transversely to its length. It can be computed by multiplying the force by the
perpendicular distance from the force to the center of moment.

a. Settlement c. Deflection
b. Drift d. Bending moment

19. It is a type of beam (a horizontal structural element) that spans openings

such as portals, doors, windows and fireplaces. It can be a decorative
architectural element, or a combined ornamented structural item.

a. Girt
b. Lintel beam
c. Girder
d. Tie beam

20. In the Stress-Strain Diagram, what do you call the portion of zero stress to
elastic limit-stress directly proportional to strain-recoverable deformations?
a. Elastic Range
b. Plastic Range
c. Yield Point
d. Beyond Ultimate Strength

21. A stress tending to cause deformation of a material by slippage along a plane

or planes parallel to the imposed stress. In soil mechanics, the resultant shear
is of great importance in nature, being intimately related to the downslope
movement of earth materials and to earthquakes.
a. Axial stress
b. Flexural stress
c. Shear stress
d. Tensile stress

22. A point in the elastic diagram in which the curvature reverses as it changes
from concave to convex or vice versa.
a. Inflection Point
b. Proportional Limit
c. Elastic Limit
d. Yield Point
23. A type of stress developed when the force applied tends to shorten or elongate
the structure.
a. Axial stress
b. Flexural stress
c. Shear stress
d. Circumferential stress

24. It is a structural element, made of concrete, that is used to create flat

horizontal surfaces such as floors, roof decks, and ceilings. It is generally
several inches thick and supported by beams, columns, walls, or the ground.
a. Beam
b. Slab
c. Column
d. Footing

25. In engineering, it is a structural member usually fabricated from straight pieces

of metal or timber to form a series of triangles lying in a single plane.

a. Framing System
b. Building
c. Frame
d. Truss

26. What usually happens to steel when stressed?

a. Deform c. Break
b. Crack d. Rupture

27. The unit of stress in the Imperial System.

a. Pascal c. psi
b. N/m2 d. grains

28. It is defined as the maximum stress a material can endure beyond which it
begins to permanently deform, not able to return to its original dimensions.
a. Ultimate Strength c. Deflection
b. Yield Strength d. Yield

29. It is the Stress caused by a pair of opposing forces that acts along parallel
lines through the material.
a. Shear Stress c. Compressive Stress
b. Couple d. Normal Stress
30. The point in the stress-strain curve beyond which the material permanently
deforms after removing the load.
a. Proportional Limit c. Atterberg Limit
b. Elastic Limit d. Plastic Limit

31. The following are advantages of POST TENSIONING (PRESTRESSED

CONCRETE), except:
a. Time savings
b. Quality
c. Larger spans
d. Complex design/details than Reinforced Concrete.

32. The purpose of National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP)

Volume I is to provide the following, except:
a. Minimum standards and guidelines to safeguard life or limb, property
and public welfare.
b. Provisions applied to construction, alteration, moving, demolition,
repair, maintenance and use of the vertical structures and other
structures within this jurisdiction.
c. Provisions for Special Structures such as but not limited to single
family dwellings, storage silos, liquid product tanks and hydraulic
flood control structures.
d. Provisions for design, construction and/or rehabilitation and
maintenance of roads, highways, interchanges, expressways and the
like.

33. NSCP Volume I, 2010 Edition, specifies that this professional is a

registered Civil Engineer with special qualification in the practice of
Structural Engineering as recognized by the Board of Civil Engineering of
the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) as endorsed by the
Philippine Institute of the Philippines (PICE) through the Association of
Structural Engineers of the Philippines (ASEP) or specialist members of
the Structural Engineering Specialty Division of PICE.
a. Civil Engineer
b. Structural Engineer
c. Architect
d. Geotechnical Engineer

34. An occupancy category emergency response (refers to: p 2-76)

a. Essential Facilities
b. Hazardous Facilities
c. Special Occupancy Structures
d. Standard Occupancy Structures

35. Geotechnical Engineer conducts soil exploration, investigation and

analysis; a registered Civil Engineer with special qualification in the
 practice of Geotechnical Engineering as recognized by the Board of Civil
Engineering of the PRC as endorsed by the Specialty Division of
Geotechnical Engineering of PICE; a Professional whose work involves:
a. Pile driving
b. Marine structures
c. Surveying
d. Soils Testing

36. Primary beam is a large beam supporting a smaller beam, is called:

a. Girt
b. Lintel beam
c. Girder
d. Tie beam

37. The weight of the structure and any permanent load fixed on it is called:
a. Dead load
b. Live load
c. Impact load
d. Seismic load

38. Steel elements as wires, cables, bars, rods or strands of wires or a bundle
of such elements used in prestressed concrete structures is called:
a. Deformed bars
b. Reinforcing bars
c. Tendons
d. Stirrups or hoops

39. Which of the following resist bending?

a. Moment of Inertia
b. Section Modulus
c. Effective depth
d. All the above

40. From the list, which is an advantage of concrete over steel?

a. Brittleness
b. Elasticity
c. Creep
d. Resistance to corrosion

41. A type of stress developed when the force applied tends to deform the
structure.
a. Axial stress
b. Flexural stress
c. Shear stress
 d. Tensile stress

42. An artificial stone derived from a properly proportioned mixture of

hydraulic cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates and water, with or
without admixtures.
a. Concrete
b. Reinforced concrete
c. Boulders
d. Pavement

43. It is a structural system without a complete vertical load-carrying space

frame. P 2-73
a. Bearing Wall System
b. Boundary Element
c. Braced Frame
d. Building Frame System

44. A structural element subjected to transverse load/s.

a. Column
b. Beam
c. Footing
d. Slab

45. Sharp bending or buckling of a long column refers to:

a. Fatigue
b. Rupture
c. Crack
d. Crippling

46. A point in the elastic diagram in which the curvature reverses as it

changes from concave to convex or vice versa.
a. Inflection Point
b. Proportional Limit
c. Elastic Limit
d. Yield Point

47. Two to four parallel reinforcing bars put in contact to act as a unit.
a. Temperature bars
b. Tendons
c. Bundled bars
d. Bottom bars

48. Ties are used for what type of structural elements?

a. Slabs
b. Beams
c. Columns
d. Footings

49. This is considered a compression member.

 a. Deck
b. Slab
c. Beam
d. Column

50. What do you call a column that is not aligned to the lower floor column?
a. Eccentric column
b. Planted column
c. Pier
d. Floating

51. Steel bars that resist vertical and diagonal tensions in a beam.
a. Stirrups
b. Tendons
c. Dowels
d. Tie rods

52. Loads brought about by elevators and machinery or equipment’s sudden

movements.
a. Machinery & equipment’s load
b. Live load
c. Impact load
d. Seismic load

53. Minimum thickness of one-way slab when it is simply supported.

a. l/20
b. l/24
c. l/28
d. l/10

54. When the ratio of the short to the long direction of a slab is ≥ 0.5, then the
slab is called:
a. One-way slab
b. Two-way slab
c. Flat slab
d. Ground slab

55. Honeycomb in soil can be limited by:

a. Use of admixture
b. Use of chemical
c. Use of concrete vibrator
d. Use of compactor

56. A type of stress developed when the force applied tends to bend the
structure.
a. Axial stress
b. Flexural stress
c. Shear stress
d. Circumferential stress
57. Aggregates are also known as:
a. Gravel
b. Sand
c. Admixtures
d. Inert materials

58. The degree to which a location is subjected to earthquake risk, usually

refers to the frequency of occurrence and magnitude of past earthquakes
and expectation of future earth’s vibration.

a. Plasticity
b. Elasticity
c. Electricity
d. Seismicity

59. A structural element that supports the building and transmit the load to
the ground.
a. Column
b. Pier
c. Footing
d. Slab

60. A structural member subjected to transverse load:

a. Beam
b. Slab
c. Column
d. Crippling

61. Reinforced concrete structures permanently in contact with the ground

must have a minimum cover of:
e. 20mm
f. 50mm
g. 75mm
h. 100mm

62. The minimum bend diameter for 42-mm and larger diameter rebars,
according to NSCP Vol. 1, is:
e. 6db
f. 8db
g. 10db
h. 12db

63. The minimum diameter of reinforcing steel bars for beams and columns
is:
e. 10 mm
f. 12 mm
 g. 16 mm
h. 20 mm
i. Any of the above

64. This Law states that “the stress is proportional to strain”.

e. Law of Supply and Demand
f. Law of Gravity
g. Pascal’s law
h. Hooke’s law

65. The capacity reduction factor for concrete structures subjected to

bending, is:
e. 0.90
f. 0.85
g. 0.80
h. 0.75

66. As the water-cement ratio increases, the strength of concrete

e. Increases
f. Decreases
g. Remains constant

67. Granular materials that occupy more than 75% of the concrete volume is
called:
e. Sand
f. Gravel
g. Crushed rocks
h. Aggregates

68. Addition or retention of water to the poured concrete mix is called:

a. Curing
b. Setting
c. Crippling
d. Drying

69. The softening of soil due to excessive load, is.

e. Liquefaction
f. Settlement
g. Creep
h. Compaction
i. None of the above

70. A substance added in small quantity to fresh concrete in order to alter its
property.
e. Admixture
f. Chemical
g. Lime
h. Reinforcement
71. A stress developed when an applied force twists or tends to twist the
material.
e. Shearing stress
f. Flexural stress
g. Allowable stress
h. Torsional stress

72. What is the normal weight of concrete?

e. 1500 kg/m3
f. 2400 kg/m3
g. 7850 kg/m3
h. 100 kPa

73. A wall designed to resist the lateral displacement of soil or other

materials is called:
e. Load bearing wall
f. Curtain wall
g. Shear wall
h. Retaining wall

74. It is one in which the story strength is less than 80% of the strength of the
story above.
e. Soft story
f. Weak story
g. Diaphragm
h. Story drift

75. Deformed bars larger than ___ in diameter should not be bundled.
e. 28 mm
f. 32 mm
g. 34 mm
h. 36 mm

5m

76. The beam shown above is reinforced with 6-20mm dia bars with 90-
degree bend at each end. Size of columns: 200mm x 400mm; 400mm
along the beam axis and concrete cover is 40mm all sides.

What is the total length of each main bar?

 a. 5.5 m c. 6.0 m
b. 5.8 m d. 6.2 m

77. Reference figure above, what is the total weight of the main RSB if the
length of the beam is 5 meters? Size of columns: 200mm x 400mm;
400mm along the beam axis. Concrete cover is 40mm all sides.

a. 78.5kg c. 82.85kg
b. 14.3kg d. 85.82kg

78. Reference figure above, what is the length of one stirrup if it is 10-mm-dia
bar looped around the main RSB with 135-degree hook? The beam has a
total depth of 400mm with concrete cover of 40mm.

a. 1 m c. 2 m
b. 1.5 m d. 2.2 m

79. What is the weight of one (1) stirrup of the above beam in Newton?

a. 5.82 N c. 6.05 N
b. 6.815 N d. 8.58 N

80. What is the maximum number of RSB that can be bundled?

a. 2 c. 4
b. 3 d. 5

81. Expansion joint is also known as:

a. Contraction joint c. Construction joint
b. Isolation joint d. Cold joint

82. It is a horizontal member that supports all wall panels and is primarily
subjected to bending under horizontal loads, such as wind load.

a. Joist c. Beam
b. Purlin d. Girt

83. One-way slab thickness can be determined by using t = l/20 if the slab is:
a. Simply supported
b. One end continuous
 c. Two ends continuous
d. Cantilever

84. The Modulus of Elasticity of Steel is

a. 7850 kg/m3
b. 4700 √ fc’
c. 200 GPa
d. 150 pcf

85. The normal weight of Concrete is

a. 2400 kg/m3
b. 7850 kg/m3
c. 10 GPa
d. 100 pcf

86. For normal weight concrete, the Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete, Ec, shall
be permitted to be taken as:
a. 4700 √ fc’
b. 200 GPa
c. 150 MPa
d. 2400 kg/m3

87. All nonprestressed bars shall be enclosed by lateral ties, at least ___mm in
size for longitudinal bars of ∅ 32mm or smaller.
a . ∅ 20mm
b . ∅ 16mm
c. ∅ 12mm
d. ∅ 10mm

88. Bundled bars in contact permanently with the ground shall have a
concrete cover of:
a. 50mm
b. 75mm
c. 100mm
d. 150mm

89. For beams with a slab on one side only, the effective overhanging flange
width shall not exceed:
a. One fifth the span length of beam
b. Six times the slab thickness
c. One half the clear distance to the next web
d. All the above

90. Concrete shall be maintained above 100C and in a moist condition for at
least the first 7 days after placement.
 a. Required temperature
b. Setting
c. Curing
d. Hardening

91. What is the Modulus of Elasticity of concrete, if the weight is specified

(not normal weight concrete)?
a. Ec = w1.5(0.043)√ fc ' in MPa
b. Ec = 4000√ fc ' in MPa
c. Ec = 400√ fc ' in GPa
d. Ec = 200 GPa

92. A compression member that fails by crushing, not by buckling.

a. Long column
b. Footing
c. Pile
d. Short column

93. It is a process of joining two pieces of metal by heating their surfaces to

a plastic or fluid state and allow the parts to fuse together usually with
the addition of other molten metal.

a. Bolted connection
b. Welding
c. Construction joint
d. Connection

94. What is the yield strength of Grade 40 bar in Imperial System?

a. 40 psi
b. 40 ksi
c. 40 MPa
d. 40 GPa

95. Water–cement ratios of 0.45 to 0.60 are more typically used. For
higher-strength concrete, lower ratios are used, along with a plasticizer
to increase flowability. Too much water will result in segregation of the
sand and aggregate components from the cement paste and may
result what type of slump, which indicates that the concrete lacks
cohesion?
a. True slump
b. Collapse
c. Shear slump
d. Zero slump
96. What is a steel element such as wire, cable, bar, rod or strand or a
bundle of such elements used to impart pre-stress to a concrete
structural member?
a. Tendons
b. Deformed bars
c. Bundled bars
d. Reinforcing Steel Bars

97. A sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great
destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or
volcanic action.
a. Soil Fault
b. Seismicity
c. Earthquake
d. Volcanic earthquake

98. Intensity refers to the severity of effect of earthquake shaking as

assessed using a descriptive scale – the Modified
Mercalli Intensity Scale. While the Magnitude is a quantitative
measure of the size of the earthquake at its source. What instrument
measures the amount of seismic energy released by an earthquake.
a. Vibration Scale
b. Mercalli Intensity Scale
c. Richter Magnitude Scale
d. Accelerograph
99. In concrete or steel construction, an exterior beam extending from
column to column usually carrying an exterior wall load is known as:
a. Spandrel beam
b. None spandrel beam
c. Girder
d. Overhanging beam

100. It is a substance used to block the passage of fluids through the

surface or joints or openings in materials, a type of mechanical seal. In
building construction, it is sometimes synonymous with caulking and
also serve the purposes of blocking dust, sound and heat transmission.
a. Sealant
b. Water proofing materials
c. Cement
d. Grout

101. A beam with two or more spans is considered continuous beam

and is considered:
1. Statically determinate
2. Statically indeterminate
3. Flexible
4. Portal structure
102. What is the commercial size designation of width and depth in
standard sawn lumber and glued laminated lumber grades which is
somewhat larger than the standard net size of dressed lumber in
accordance with standards for sawn lumber?
1. Nominal size
2. Over size
3. Under size
4. Rough size

103. What is a method of pre-stressing in which tendons are

tensioned before concrete is cast in place?
1. Pre-tensioning
2. Post tensioning
3. Cast-in placing
4. Pre-casting

104. What do you call a structural member which is supported at one

end and the other end is projecting beyond the support or wall?
a. Cantilever beam
b. Simple beam
c. Semi-continuous beam
d. Propped beam

105. What is the deepened portion of a column or rafter designed to

accommodate the higher bending moments at such points and usually
occurs at the column and rafter connection?
a. Haunch
b. Base
c. Apex
d. Mid-section

106. In solid lumber joists, rafters and beams, it shall not exceed one-
sixth of the depth of the member, shall not be longer than one-third of
the depth of the member and shall not be located in the middle one-
third of the span.
1. Haunch
2. Joint
3. Notch
4. Bolt

107. A propped beam is indeterminate to what degree?

1. 1st degree
2. 2nd degree
3. 3rd degree
4. 4th degree

108. What do you call the distance from the centroid of the
tension bars of the beam towards the remotest compression
fiber?
 1. Effective breadth
2. Thickness
3. Effective length
4. Effective depth

109. This includes "dead", or permanent load, which is the weight of

the structure, including its walls, floors, finishes, and mechanical
systems, and "live", or temporary load and imposed load, which is the
weight of a structure's contents and occupants, including the weight of
snow.
1. Impact Load
2. Dead Load
3. Gravity Load
4. Live Load

110. The minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in a layer

shall be equal to db, but not less than ____, or 4/3 the maximum
nominal size of coarse aggregate, whichever is larger.
1. 25mm
2. 36mm
3. 16mm
4. 28mm

111. For compression members, the clear distance between

longitudinal bars shall be not less than ______ nor 40 mm nor 4/3 the
maximum nominal size of coarse aggregate.
1. 1.5db
2. 2db
3. 2.5db
4. 3db

112. Groups of parallel reinforcing bars bundled in contact to act as a

unit shall be limited to how many bars in any one bundle?
1. 5
2. 4
3. 3
4. 2

113. Members along wall and diaphragm edges strengthened by

longitudinal and transverse reinforcement. These members do not
necessarily require an increase in the thickness of the wall or
diaphragm. If required, edges of openings within walls and diaphragms
shall be provided with boundary members
1. Lateral Force Resisting System
2. Standard Facilities
3. Boundary Elements
4. Collectors Elements

114. A continuous bar having a hook not less than 135 deg with at
least a six-diameter extension at one end but not less than 75 mm, and
a hook not less than 90 deg with at least a six-diameter extension at
the other end. The hooks shall engage peripheral longitudinal bars.
 The 90 deg hooks of two successive cross ties engaging the same
longitudinal bars shall be alternated end for end.
1. Longitudinal bars
2. Stirrups
3. Lateral ties
4. Cross tie

115. Walls designed to resist combinations of shears, moments, and

axial forces induced by earthquake motions. A shear wall is a structural
wall.
1. Structural Wall
2. Load Bearing Wall
3. CHB Wall
4. Retaining Wall

116. Yield strength of welded plain wire reinforcement shall be

considered developed by embedment of two cross wires with the closer
cross wire not less than 50 mm from the point of the critical section.
1. Development length of welded plain wire reinforcement in
tension
2. Length of embedment
3. Bend bars
4. Lap splices

117. Minimum concrete cover for bundled bars shall be equal to the
equivalent diameter of the bundle, but need not be greater than 50
mm. If there are 2 bars in a bundle with d b of 20mm, what is the
equivalent diameter?
1. 28.3mm
2. 30mm
3. 30.2mm
4. 50mm

118. A Grade Beam reinforced with 4-16mm dia bars has a minimum
concrete cover of:
1. 100mm
2. 40mm
3. 50mm
4. 75mm

119. In a water-cement ratio of 0.4, 10 parts represent cement and

what 4 parts represent what?
1. Aggregates
2. Water
3. Cement paste
4. Hydraulic Cement

120. The densification of soil is done by compacting the soil to at

least 95% of the required maximum soil density. The densification is
done with every ____ layer of embankment.
1. 50mm
2. 100mm
3. 200mm
4. 500mm