QUIZ 3

Avogadro’s Number = 6.0 x 1023 PV = nRT R=0.08206 L atm/ mol K

1. Please circle each of following chemical equations which is balanced:

H3CBr + Cl2 -> H3CCl + Br2

CaCO3 -> CaO + CO2

CH4 + O2 -> 2 H2O + CO2

2 Al + O2 -> Al2O3

2 AgNO3 + MgCl2 -> 2 AgCl + Mg(NO3)2

Ag+ + Sn+2 -> Ag + Sn+4

2. Consider the reaction described by the following balanced chemical equation:

N2 + 3 H2 -> 2 NH3

a. Given as much H2 as needed, how many moles of NH3 can be made from 2.40 moles N2?

Moles NH3 / Moles N2 = 2 / 1

Moles NH3 = (2/1)(Moles N2) = (2/1)(2.40) = 4.80 moles

b. How many moles of N2 are needed to react with 0.600 moles H2 to produce NH3?

Moles N2 / Moles H2 = 1 /3

Moles N2 = (1/3)(Moles H2) = (1/3)(0.600) = 0.200 moles

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3. a. How many carbon atoms are present in a 27.00 g sample of carbon?

(27.00 g) / (12.01 g/mole) = 2.248 moles

(2.248 moles atoms)(6.0x1023 atoms/mole) = 1.15x1024 atoms

[Answer can be given either in moles or in actual # of atoms]

b. How many H2O molecules (by individual count and not in moles) are present in a 4.000g
sample of water?

Molar mass of water: 1.01+1.01+16.00=18.02 g/mol

(4.00 g) / (18.02 g/mol) = 0.222 moles H2O

(0.222 moles molecules)(6.0x1023 molecules/mole) = 1.33x1023 molecules

c. What is the mass (in grams) of a sample of ammonia containing 2.50 x 1022 NH3 molecules?

(2.50x1022 molecules) / (6.0x1023 molecules/mole) = 0.0417 moles

Molar mass of NH3: 14.01+1.01+1.01+1.01= 17.04 g/mole

(0.0417 moles)(17.04 g/mole) = 0.711 g

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4. Please circle the best answer:

a) The reaction of HCl with KOH produces

(1) NaCl and H2O (2) KH and Cl2 (3) KCl and H2O

b) Which of the following statements is false:

(1) The particles of a gas are in constant motion.

(2) An acid reacts with a base to form water and a salt
(3) Vinegar is a solution of a weak base

c) Which substance is a base?

1) HNO3 2) H2CO3 3) Mg(OH)2

d) The working definition of an acid that it is a substance which when dissolved in water causes
more H3O+ ions to be present than are OH– ions is most useful for describing

(1) reactions in aqueous solutions (2) reactions between gases

(3) reactions between metals

e) Water is a good example of a(n)

(1) ionic compound (2) molecular compound (3) metallic compound

f) The most abundant component in a solution is called the

(1) solute (2) solvent (3) precipitate

g) The ideal gas law states

(1) The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its pressure

(2) The particles of a gas are in constant motion.
(3) The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature

h) The concentration of a solution can be expressed in units of

(1) pascal (2) moles/liter (3) grams/kelvin

i) The pH scale is used to describe

(1) solute solubilities (2) solvent densities (3) H3O+ ion concentrations

j) One mole of CO2 contains

(1) one molecule of CO2

(2) 44 molecules of CO2
(3) 6.0x1023 molecules of CO2

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5. a. Circle the chemical equation which explains why HCl is a strong acid?

HCl + OH- -> Cl- + H3O+

HCl + H2O -> Cl- + OH-

HCl + H2O -> Cl- + H3O+

HCl + H2O <=> Cl- + H3O+

b. Circle the chemical equation which explains why H2CO3 is a weak acid?

HCO3- + H2O -> CO32- + H3O+

CO32- + H2O <=> HCO3- + OH-

H2CO3 + H2O <=> HCO3- + H3O+

H2CO3 + NaOH -> Na2CO3 + H2O

c. Circle the chemical equation which explains why Ca(OH)2 is strong base?

Ca(OH)2 + H2O -> Ca2+ + OH-

Ca(OH)2 -> Ca2+ + 2 OH-

Ca(OH)2 <=> Ca2+ + OH-

Ca(OH)2 + H2O -> Ca(OH2)2 + OH-

d. Circle the chemical equations which explains why NH3 is weak base?

NH3 + H2O <=> NH4+ + OH-

NH3 + OH- <=> NH2- + H3O+

NH4+ + H2O <=> NH3 + OH-

NH3 -> NH4+ + OH-

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6. Predict the identities of the two products (by chemical formula) for the following reactions
being carried out in aqueous solutions:

KOH + HCl -> KCl + H2O

Mg(OH)2 + HCl -> MgCl2 + H2O

NaOH + H2SO4 -> Na2SO4 + H2O

Ca(OH)2 + H2CO3 -> CaCO3 + H2O

7. Please identify the following statements as true (T) or false (F):

a) __F__ Pure water is a good conductor of electricity.

b) __F__ Metal oxides dissolved in water produce acidic solutions.

c) __F__ HNO3 is a strong base.

d) __T__ The temperature when used in the ideal gas law must be expressed in kelvin.

e) __T/F_ The molar mass of an element is the mass of one atom of the element expressed in
grams. (Ambiguous statement)

f) __T__ A balanced chemical equation must obey the conservation of electric charge.

g) __F__ The reaction of an acid with a base produces water and hydronium ions.

h) __T__ A strong acid results when the acid dissociation reaction goes to completion.

i) __F__ The pH scale directly describes the hydroxide (OH–) ion concentration is a solution.

j) __T__ A basic solution has [OH–] > [H3O+].

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Answer one of the following two essay questions. Extra credit will be assigned if both essay questions are
answered correctly

8. Explain the procedures by which chemists calculate the number of N2 (nitrogen) molecules present
in each of the following situations:

a. A sample of N2 gas held at a given temperature and pressure in a container of a

given volume.

One uses the ideal gas law: PV=nRT.

Rearrange the equation to solve for the number of moles of gas (n): n = PV/RT
P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, T is the temperature (in kelvin)
of the gas, and R is a constant known as the ideal gas constant.

b. A given volume of an aqueous solution of N2 of given the molarity of N2.

The concentration of a dissolved solute such as N2 is conveniently expressed

by molarity where the molarity is defined by:

molarity = (moles solute) / (volume of solution in liters)

This equation can be rearranged to express the moles of solute in terms of the
molarity and the solution volume:

(moles solute) = (molarity) x (volume of solution in liters)

In short, simply multiply the molarity of N2 by the given volume of the aqueous
solution (expressed in liters).

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9. Please describe
a. why “natural” rainwater is acidic with the use of at least one balanced chemical equation

Rainwater is in constant contact with the atmosphere and, as a consequence, is saturated with
atmospheric carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide, when dissolved in water, produces carbonic acid.
Carbonic acid makes the rainwater acidic due to its acid dissociation reactions:

H2CO3 + H2O <=> HCO3– + H3O+

HCO3– + H2O <=> CO32– + H3O+

b. what is meant by the term “acid rain”

Acid rain refers to rainwater which is more acidic than the rainwater saturated with atmospheric
carbon dioxide which has a pH equal to 5.6. Acid rain is rain with a pH less than 5.6.

c. by chemical formula three gases emitted by power plans and/or automobiles which contribute
to acid rain.

SO2, NO, NO2, [SO3 can be formed in the atmosphere from SO2]