CBSE

CLASS – XI
CHEMISTRY
SAMPLE PAPER 1
Time: 3 Hours Marks: 70

General Instructions
 All questions are compulsory.
 Section A: Q.no. 1 to 5 are very short answer questions and carry 1 mark each.
 Section B: Q.no. 6 to 12 are short answer questions and carry 2 marks each.
 Section C: Q.no. 13 to 24 are also short answer questions and carry 3 marks each.
 Section D: Q.no. 25 to 27 are long answer questions and carry 5 marks each.
 There is no overall choice. However an internal choice has been provided in two
questions of one mark, two questions of two marks, four questions of three marks
and all the three questions of five marks weightage. You have to attempt only one of
the choices in such questions.
 Use of log tables if necessary, use of calculators is not allowed.

Section A

1. Explain why o- nitrophenol has a lower boiling point than p – nitrophenol? [1]

OR

Which of the two - O2NCH2CH2O- or CH3CH2O- is expected to be more stable and why?

2. Out of CO2 and BF3 , which one of them will have a larger bond angle and why? [1]

OR

Why N2 is more stable than O2? Explain on the basis of molecular orbital theory.

3. Is the eclipsed conformation of propane has the same or different energy as the eclipsed
conformation of ethane? [1]

4. Due to which compound, ozone depletion is caused in Antarctica? [1]

5. Why are alkali metals used in photoelectric cells? [1]

 Section B

6. Which of the following statements related to the modern periodic table is incorrect and
why? [2]
(a) Each block contains a number of columns equal to the number of electrons that
can occupy that sub shell.
(b) The d - block has 8 columns, because a maximum 8 electrons can occupy all the
orbitals in d - sub shell.

7. All transition metals are d-block elements but all d-block elements are not transition
metals. Explain. [2]

8. One of the spectral line of the caesium has a wavelength of 456 nm. Calculate the
frequency of this line. [2]

9. PbO andPbO2 react with HCl according to the following reactions: [2]
2PbO + 4HCl → 2PbCl2 + 2H2O
PbO2 + 4HCl → PbCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
Why do these compounds differ in their reactivity?

10. Consider the reaction of water with F2 and suggest, in terms of oxidation and
reduction, which species are oxidized/ reduced. [2]

OR
Complete the following reactions:
(a) PbS(g) + H2O2(aq) →
(b) CO(g) + 2 H2(g) 
Cobalt
catalyst


11. Why do magnesium and beryllium not impart colour to the flame in the flame test? [2]

12. Calculate the mass percent of different elements in sodium sulphate,(Na2SO4) [2]

OR

How much copper can be obtained from 100 g of copper sulphate (CuSO4)?
(Atomic mass of Cu – 63.5 amu)
 Section C

13. [3]
(a) The 4f sub shell of an atom contains 12 electrons. What is the maximum number of
electrons having the same spin in it?
(b) Explain the meaning of 4p6.
(c) Write the electronic configuration of the atom with atomic number 29

OR

(a) Calculate the total number of electrons present in one mole of methane.
(b) An atomic orbital has n = 3. What are the possible values of l and ml ?

14. Explain the hybridisation of SF4 ? [3]

OR

(a) Although both CO2 and H2O are triatomic molecules, the shape of H2O molecule is
bent while that of CO2 is linear. Explain on the basis of dipole moment.
(b) Write the significance of dipole moment.

15. The drain cleaner contains small bits of aluminium which react with caustic soda to
produce dihydrogen gas. What volume of dihydrogen at 20°C and one bar pressure
will be released when 0.15 g of aluminium reacts. [3]

16.
(a) What is spontaneous process? [3]
(b) Predict in which of the following, entropy increases/decreases.
i) A liquid crystallises into a solid.
ii) Temperature of crystallise solid is raised from 0 K to 115 K
iii) 2NaHCO3(s) → Na2CO3 +CO2(g) + H2O(g)
iv) H2(g) → 2H(g)

17.
(a) Write the expression for equilibrium constant for the reaction: [3]
H2 g  +I2s  2HI g 

(b) Calculate the pH of a buffer solution containing 0.2 mole of NH4Cl and 0.1 mole of
NH4OH per litre. (Given Kb for NH4OH = 1.85 X 10-5)

OR
 Consider the reaction:
2SO2  g  +O2  g  2SO3  g  +189.4kJ .
Indicate the direction in which the equilibrium with shift when:
(a) Temperature is increased
(b) Pressure is increased
(c) Concentration of SO2 is increase

18. Balance P + HNO3 

 H3 PO4 + NO2 + H2O by oxidation number method. [3]

OR

Write the half reactions for each of the following redox reactions:
 a  Zn(s )  PbCl2(aq )  Pb(s ) ZnCl2(aq )
 b 2Fe3 ( aq )  2I aq   I2aq   2Fe2 aq 
(c) 2Na( s )  Cl2 g   2NaCls

19. What do you understand by the term ‘non-stoichiometric hydrides? Do you expect this
this type of hydrides to be formed by alkali metals? Justify. [3]

20. [3]

(a)

(b)

(c)
21. [3]
(a) Arrange the following carbanions in the increasing order of their stability
   
 CH3 3 C, CH3 CH2 , CH3 , CH3 2 CH

(b) What is the hybridisation of the negatively charged carbon atom in a carbanion?

22. Explain. [3]

(a) Alkali metals are prepared by electrolysis of their fused chlorides.
(b) Why are lithium salts commonly hydrated and those of other alkali metal ions
usually anhydrous?

23. Calculate the molarity of a solution of ethanol in water in which the mole fraction of
ethanol is 0.040. [3]

24. Complete the following chemical equations: [3]

(a) Z + 3LiAlH4 → X + 3LiF + 3AlF3
(b) X + 6H2O → Y + 6H2
(c) 3X + 3O2 
 B2O + 3H2O

Section D

25. For the reaction [5]

NH4Cl  s  
 NH3  g  + HCl  g 
At 25°C, enthalpy change, Δ H= + 177 kJ mol-1
Entropy change ΔS=+285JK-1 mol-1 .
Calculate free energy change ΔG at 25oC and predict whether the reaction is
spontaneous or not.
OR

Calculate the enthalpy of formation of benzene, using the following data

15
C6H6 l  + O2   6CO2 g  +3H2O  l  ΔCHθ =-3266.0kJ
2 g
C s +O2 g   CO2 g  Δf Hθ = -393.1 kJ
1
H2 g  + O2 g  
 H2O l  Δf Hθ = -286.0 kJ
2
26. Explain giving reasons for the following: [5]
(a) Boron does not form B3+ ions.
(b) Molten aluminium bromide is a poor conductor of electricity.
(c) BCl3 is more stable than TlCl3.
(d) B-Cl bond has a dipole moment but BCl3 has zero dipole moment.
(e) Al is used to make transmission cables.

OR
Explain the following reactions:
(a) Silicon is heated with methyl chloride at high temperature in the presence of
copper powder
(b) CO is heated with ZnO
(c) Reaction of boron trifluoride with LiAlH4 in diethyl ether
(d) Reaction of boron trifluoride with sodium hydride at 450 K
(e) Reaction of diborane and water

27. [5]
(a) Compound ‘A’ with the molecular formula C6H8 reacts with hydrogen in the
presence of Lindlar’s catalyst to form a compound B with the molecular formula
C5H10. A on reacting with sodium in liquid ammonia forms a compound ‘C’ with the
same molecular formula as that of B. Identify ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’. Give the chemical
reactions involved.
(b) Write the chemical reaction involved in Kolbe’s electrolytic process.
What are the products formed at cathode and anode?

OR

(a) Complete the reactions and identify A, B and C.

CH3 CH = CH2 +HBr 

 B
 (i) O3 (ii) Zn H2 O
C + HCHO
(b)

CaC2 +H2O  Ca(OH)2 + E

 CBSE
Class XI Chemistry
Sample Paper – 1 Solution

Section A
1. This is because o – nitro phenol has intramolecular hydrogen bonding whereas p- nitro
phenol has intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

OR

O2NCH2CH2O- will be more stable because -NO2 group has electron withdrawing inductive
effect or – I effect.

2. CO2 has a larger bond angle than BF3 . This is because CO2 has a linear shape and the
bond angle is 180o, BF3 on the other hand has a trigonal planar geometry and hence the
bond angle is 120o.
OR

Bond order of N2 is greater than that of O2. Higher is the bond order greater is the
stability. Therefore N2 is more stable than O2.

3. The eclipsed conformation of propane is less stable and has more energy than the
eclipsed conformation of ethane. This is because in propane there are additional
interactions between C-H and C-C bond of methyl group.

4. In Antarctica, ozone depletion is due to the formation of chlorine nitrate.

5. Alkali metals have low ionization energies. They can lose electrons when light falls on
them, and hence are used in photo electric cells.

Section B

6. Statement ‘a’ is correct and b is incorrect.

Statement ‘b’ is incorrect because d sub shell can have a maximum of 10 electrons.
Therefore it has 10 columns and not 8.

7. Elements in which transition of electrons to higher energy d-orbital cannot take place
are not transition elements. Thus, elements like Zn, Cd and Hg in which all the d-orbitals
are completely filled are not transition elements although they have been grouped with
d-block.
8. Given:
  456nm
 456  109 m
c  3  108 m / s
Wehave,
c


3  108

456  109
  6.5  1014 s 1
  6.5  1014 Hz
Frequency is 6.5×1014 Hz

9. Oxidation number of Pb in PbO is +2 while in PbO2 it is +4. This causes the compounds to
differ in their reactivity. While PbO reacts with HCl to give acid-base reaction, and PbO2
reacts with HCl to give redox reaction.

2PbO + 4HCl → 2PbCl2 + 2H2O (acid-base reaction)

PbO2 + 4HCl → PbCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O (redox reaction)

10.
2H2O + 2 F2 
 4 HF +O2
F2 is the oxidizing agent and H2O is reducing agent.
H2O is getting oxidized to O2 whereas F2 is getting reduced to F- ion.

OR

(a) PbS(g) + H2O2(aq) → PbSO4(s) + 4H2O(l)

(b) CO(g) + 2 H2(g) 
Cobalt
catalyst
 CH3OH

11. The energy required to excite outer electrons in the atoms of Be and Mg does not lie in
the visible range of radiation. Therefore, no absorption of radiation takes place and
hence no colour is imparted to the flame in the flame test.
12.
Massof element in that compound
Mass % of anelement   100
Molar massof thecompound

Molar massof Na 2SO4  2 23  32  4 16 

 142g / mol

46
Mass % of Na   100
142

 32.39%

32
Mass % of S   100
142

 22.54%

64
Mass % of O   100
142

 45.07%

OR
Given:
Weight of CuSO4 =100 g
Atomic mass of Cu – 63.5 amu

1 mole of CuSO4 contains 1 mole of Cu

Molar mass of CuSO4 = 63.5 + 32+ (4×16)
= 159.5 g/mol

So, Cu that can be obtained from 159.5 g of CuSO4 = 63.5 g

Therefore, Cu that can be obtained from 100 g of CuSO4

63.5
  100
159.5

 39.81g
13.
(a) The 4f sub shell of an atom contains 12 electrons
4f12
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑ ↑

So maximum 7 electrons will have same spin.

(b) Six electrons are filled in three orbitals of 4p subshell.

4p6
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓

(c) Z =29
Electronic configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1

OR

(a) Number of electrons in 1 molecule of methane = 6 + 4 =10 electrons

Number of molecules in 1 mole of methane

= 6.022 × 1023 molecules of methane

Number of electrons in 1 mole of methane

= 6.022×1023  10

= 6.022×1024 electrons

(b) n = 3
l  0 to  n -1
 0,1,2
For l  0 ,
ml  0
For l  1
ml  1, 0,  1
For l  2
ml  2,  1, 0,  1,  2
14. The electronic configuration of S=1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
Ground state
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓

1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d
Excited State ↑↓ ↑↓
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑

Sp3 hybridisation

1s 2s 2p sp3d sp3d sp3d sp3d sp3d 3d

Hybridise State ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑

Sulphur undergoes sp3d hybridisation.

OR

(a) In CO2 there are two C=O bond. Each C=O bond is polar bond. The net dipole moment
of CO2 molecule is zero. This is possible only if CO2 is a linear molecule (O=C=O). The
bond dipoles of two C=O bond cancel with each other.
Whereas H2O molecule has a net dipole moment (1.84 D) H2O molecule has a bent
structure because here the O-H bonds are oriented at an angle of 104.5° and do not
cancel the bond moments of each other.

(b) Significance/applications of dipole moment-

i) In predicting the nature of the molecules: Molecules with specific dipole moments
are polar in nature and those of zero dipole moments are non-polar in nature.
ii) In the determination of shapes of molecules.
iii) In calculating the percentage ionic character.
15.
2Al+2NaOH+2H2O 
 2NaAlO2 +3H2
2x27 3x22.4L
54g

54g of Al giveH2 =3×22.4 L

3×22.4
0.15g of Al givesH2 = ×0.15
54

=0.1867 L

=186.7ml

V1 = 186.7ml V2 = ?
T1 = 273K T2 = 20C + 273 K = 293K

V1 V2
=
T1 T2

186.7×293
V2 =
273
=200.3ml
Volume of dihydrogen is 200.3 ml

16.
(a) A process is said to be spontaneous if it takes place by itself by own or under some
condition.

(b)
i) After freezing, the molecules attain an ordered state and therefore, entropy
decreases.
ii) At 0 K the constituent particles are in static form therefore entropy is minimum.
If the temperature is raised to 115 K particles begin to move and entropy
increases.
iii) Reactant NaHCO3 is solid. Thus entropy is less in comparison to product which
has high entropy.
17.
(a)
[HI]2
K=
H2 

(b) According to Henderson’s equation,

[salt]
pOH = pK b + log
[base]
Also, pK b = (-logK b )
= (- log1.85x10-5 )
= 4.733
0.2
pOH= 4.733+log
0.1
=4.733 +0.3010
=5.034
pH =14- pOH
= 14 -5.034
= 8.966
OR

(a) The equilibrium will shift the backward direction as the increase in temperature will
be compensated by absorbing heat. It is an exothermic reaction.
(b) The equilibrium will shift in the forward direction since the reaction will shift to the
direction of lesser number of moles.
(c) The equilibrium will shift in the forward direction so that additional SO2 is used up.

18.

P+5 HNO3 
 H3PO4 + 5 NO2 +H2O
O = 15 O =15
H=5 H=5
Oxygen and Hydrogen atoms are balanced.

OR
 a  Zn( s )  Zn2  2e
Pb2( aq )  2e  Pb( s )
 b 2I  aq   I2 aq   2e
2Fe3 aq   2e  2Fe2
(c) 2Na( s )  2Na( aq )  2e
Cl2 g   2e  2Cl 

19. Those hydrides which do not have fix composition are called non-stoichiometric
hydride, and the composition varies with temperature and pressure.
This type of hydrides are formed by d and f block elements. They cannot be formed by
alkali metals because alkali metal hydrides form ionic hydrides.

20.
(a) 3 – Methylpentanenitrile
(b) 3-Chloropropanal
(c) 4- Nitroaniline

21.
(a) Order of stability
_ _ _ _
(b) CH3 3 C  CH3 2 CH  CH3 CH2  CH3
This is because -CH3 group has electron releasing inductive effect or +I effect. Due to
this, electron density increases on the negatively charged carbon and hence makes it
more unstable. As the number of methyl groups increases the instability increases.

(c) The negatively charged carbon atom in a carbanion is sp3 hybridized.

22.
(a) Because the discharge potential of alkali metals is much higher than that of
hydrogen, therefore when aqueous solution of any alkali metal chloride is subjected
to electrolysis H2 instead of alkali metal is produced at cathode. Therefore alkali
metals are prepared by electrolysis of their fused chlorides.

(b) Due to smallest size of Li2+ can polarise water molecules easily than the other alkali
metal ions.
23.
Given:
Mole fraction of C2H5OH = 0.040
We know,
Numberof molesof C2H5OH
X C2H5OH 
Numberof moles  Numberof moles
of C2H5OH of H2O
Let themolesof C H OH  x
2 5
Density of wateris 1

Weight of 1000 ml of water  volumedensity

 1000 1 ml

Molarmassof water 18g / mol

1000
No.of molesof water 
18
55.55 mol
x
X C2H5OH 
x 55.55
x
0.04 
x 55.55

x  0.04x  2.22

x  2.31mol
No.of molesof ethanol
Molarity 
Volumeof solutioninlitre
Molarity  2.31 M
Molarity of solution is 2.31 M

24.
(a) 4BF3 + 3LiAlH4 → B2H6 + 3LiF + 3AlF3

(b) B2H6 + 6H2O → 2H3BO3 + 6H2

(c) 3 B2H6 + 3O2 


 B2O + 3H2O
 Section D

25.
NH4Cl(s) 
 NH3 (g) + HCl(g)
ΔH = 177 kJ mol-1
ΔS = 285J K -1mol-1 = 0.285 kJ K -1mol -1
T = 25o C = 298 K
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
=177 -( 298 x 0.285 )
= + 92.07 kJ mol-1
The reaction will be non-spontaneous.
This is because the value of G is positive.

OR

6C  s  + 3H2  g  
 C6H6  l  Δf Hθ = ?
15
C6H6(l) + O2 g  
 6 CO2 g  +3H2O  l  ΔCHθ =-3266.0kJ eqn (1)
2
Cs  +O2 g  
 CO2 g  Δf Hθ = -393.1 kJ eqn(2)
1
H2 g  + O2 g  
 H2O l  Δf Hθ = -286.0 kJ eqn (3)
2

Multiplying equation (2) by 6 and (3) by 3, and adding, (1 x 3)

3
6C  s  +6O2  g  +3H2  g  + O2  g  
 6CO2  g  +3H2O  l  ΔHθ = -3216.6kJ (1)
2

Subtracting eqn (4) – eqn (1)

6C  s  + 3H2  g  
 C6 H6  l  Δf Hθ = -3216.6 + 3266.0 = + 49.4 kJ mol-1

26.
(a) Boron has a very small size and has a very high sum of three ionisation enthalpies
(IE1+ IE2+ IE3). Therefore, it cannot lose its three electrons to form B3+ ions.
(b) AlBr3 is predominantly a covalent compound. Even in molten state it does not have
ions which can conduct electricity.
(c) B exhibits +3 oxidation state and can form stable BCl3. Thallium shows +3 oxidation
state as well as +1 oxidation state but +1 oxidation state is more predominant than
+3 oxidation state because of inert pair effect. Therefore, TiCl3 is not stable. It can
form stable TiCl.
 (d) BCl3 molecule has a symmetrical trigonal planar structure in which three B-Cl
bonds are oriented at an angle of 120° to one another. The three bonds lie in one
plane and the dipole moments of these bonds cancel one another giving net dipole
moment zero.
(e) Electrical conductivity of aluminium is twice as that of copper. On mass to mass
basis, Al conducts electricity twice as Cu. Therefore, it is used in transmission cables.

OR
(a)
Cu powder
2CH3Cl + Si 
 (CH3 )2 SiCl2
570K
Dichlorodimethyl silicon
(b) ZnO + CO 

 Zn + CO2
diethyl ether
(c) 4BF3 + LiAlH4   2B2H6 +3LiF +3 AlF3
450K
(d) 2 BF3 +6 NaH   B2H6 +6 NaF
(e)
B2H6 + 6 H2O 
 2H3BO3 + 6 H2
Boric acid
27.
(a) Compound A is H3 C  C  C  C2H5

Pd / C
H3C  C  C  C2H5  H2 
A

cis – isomer
(B)

Na in liq. NH3
H3 C  C  C  C2H5  H2  

trans - isomer
(C)

(b) Kolbe’s electrolytic method –

electrolysis
2 CH3COO- Na + + 2H2O 
 CH3CH3 + 2CO2 + H2 + 2 NaOH
Mechanism:
O O
ll ll
2CH3 -C-O-Na+ 2CH3 -C-O- +2Na+
At anode:
O O
ll ll •
-2e-
2CH3 -C-O- 
 2CH3 -C-O  2CH3 + 2CO2

• •
H3 C + CH3  H3C -CH3

At cathode:
•
H2O + e-  -OH + H
•
2 H  H2 
At cathode hydrogen is liberated. At anode ethane is formed.

OR

CH3 CH = CH2  HBr 

 CH3 CHCH3
l

Br
'B'
 (i) O3 (ii) Zn H2 O

CH3 CHO + HCHO

'C'

CaC2 +2 H2O  Ca(OH)2 + C2H2

‘E’