Educart English Communicative Question Bank Class 10

Section A (22 Marks)
READING
1. Reading Comprehensions 1-26
Continuous and Non - Continuous Passages
Section B (22 Marks)

WRITING & GRAMMAR
1. Email Writing 27-31
2. Factual Descriptions 32-35
3. Letter Writing 36-47
4. Article Writing 48-54
Section C (10 Marks)

1. Complete Grammar 55-69
Section D (26 Marks)

Each Chapter below covers important features and Qs, on the following
structure:
Introduction
Significant Morals
Poetic Devices (in Poetry Section)
Dictionary
Competency Qs
NCERT
Previous Years (PYQ)
Push Yourself Qs
Solutions
High difficulty Qs, adapted from

other well-known reference books.
Look for this icon

LITERATURE READER - FICTION
1. Two Gentlemen of Verona 70-79
2. Mrs. Packletide's Tiger 80-88
3. The Letter 89-98
4. A Shady Plot 99-108
5. Patol Babu, Film Star 109-118
6. Virtually True 119-127
LITERATURE READER - POETRY

1. The Frog and the Nightingale 128-136
2. Not Marble, nor the Gilded Monuments 137-144
3. Ozymandias 145-153
4. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 154-162
5. Snake 163-171
LITERATURE READER - DRAMA

1. The Dear Departed 172-181
2. Julius Caesar 182-191
COMPETENCY BASED QUESTIONS
stage for weeks, months and sometimes years.
Continuous Passage Qs 12 marks In the next phase, one experiences relief from
pain and negative feelings. This leads to
1. Read the passage given below:
20. positivity. Then one feels one must make
There is a time when everyone has to face grief.
alternative arrangements or replacements.
When someone dear to oneself dies, one is left Here, one is ready to cope with the situation.
in a state in which grief and shock overcome One knows one cannot recover what one has
ordinary life. One is left in a situation when one lost, but is conscious of the future, accepts the
feels that there is nothing one can do. Grief and loss and is ready for the alternative.
mourning are always associated with death. It After passing through all the stages of grief, it
also happens with other kinds of losses. It could seems that time has passed like a river under
be the loss of one's job, the loss of one's house the bridge. This shows that mourning has been
or the loss of a close friend. successful. One cannot forget the loss but one
5. The people who are best able to cope with 25. comes to terms with reality.
these are those who come from cultures that Answer the following questions, based on the
have strict, formal and intensive mourning passage above.
rituals. In India, we have diverse rituals which (A) In the context of grief and mourning, how
that are nowadays being discarded. But these does the information impact the readers?
help in surmounting the crisis. The near and (a) The information has no influence on
dear ones come to share the grief and apply the readers.
balm with their words of solace. In a modern (b) The information intensifies the feeling
society, one is expected to act as if nothing of isolation and despair.
has happened, but research has shown that (c) The information brings joy and
mourning is an essential part positivity to the readers.
10. of coming to terms with loss. There comes (d) The information arises feelings of
a time when one has to give up one's grief hope in the readers' mind.
and rejoin the main stream of life. Mourning in (B) List two ways how the stages of grief is
itself passes through these phases. Firstly, it is analogous to a river passing under the
in the nature of shock and disbelief. A feeling bridge.
of numbness overtakes. The brain is not in
(C) What is the primary purpose of the author
a position to accept. It so happens that one
in discussing various cultural mourning
expects the arrival of the lost one, thinking that
rituals in India?
nothing will change and he/she will be with the
lost one. In the second phase, one realises the (a) To highlight the diversity of Indian
truth that the loss has actually happened, culture.
15. and it was not a dream. It is then that (b) To emphasize the importance of
one feels the pain. Then one recollects the discarding traditional rituals.
old moments and the memory of guilt creeps (c) To illustrate how mourning rituals
in. Here, the affected person displays odd contribute to coping with loss.
behaviour and has difficulty in activities like (d) To criticize modern society's
eating and sleeping. One may remain in this expectations regarding grief.
High difficulty Qs, adapted from well-known reference books.
Reading Comprehensions 1
(D) After which paragraph of the passage, my native place – the Jibhi Valley in Himachal
would the following paragraph most Pradesh. Unlike Srinagar that saw numerous
likely be placed? tourists, Jibhi Valley remained clouded in
Now the person has accepted the fact anonymity. That’s when the seed for starting
that the deceased person would not tourism in Jibhi was planted. I decided to leave
return and tries to cope with the feeling my service in the Indian Army and follow the
of loss. urge to return home.
(a) After the paragraph describing the 2. We had two houses – a family house and a
nature of shock and disbelief. traditional house, which we often rented out.
I pleaded with my father to ask the tenant to
(b) After the paragraph discussing the
vacate the house so that I could convert it into
relief from pain and negative feelings.
a guesthouse. When my family finally relented,
(c) After the paragraph introducing the I renovated the house keeping its originality
phases of mourning. intact, just adding windows for sunlight.
(d) After the paragraph highlighting the 3. I still remember the summer of 1992 when
diverse mourning rituals in India. I put a signboard outside my first guesthouse in
(E) Briefly explain (in 30-40 words) any two Jibhi Valley! The village residents, however, were
elements that classify the passage as sceptical about my success. My business kept
non - fictional guide on coping with grief. growing but it took years for tourism to take
(F) Substitute the underlined word in the off in Jibhi Valley. Things changed significantly
following sentence with a word/ phrase after 2008 when the government launched a
from paragraph 2 that means the same. homestay scheme. People built homestays and
"After the loss of her beloved pet, she with rapid tourism growth, the region changed
found comfort in the words of friends and rapidly. Villages turned into towns with many
the warm memories they shared." concrete buildings. Local businesses and
(G) What is the most significant lesson that tourists continued putting a burden on nature.
readers would learn from the passage? 4. Then, with the 2020-21 pandemic and
lockdown, tourism came to a complete
(a) Grief is best dealt with by suppressing
standstill in Jibhi Valley. Local people, who were
emotions.
employed at over a hundred homestays and
(b) Mourning rituals are outdated and
guesthouses, returned to their villages. Some
ineffective.
went back to farming; some took up pottery
(c) Modern society encourages open and some got involved in government work
expression of grief. schemes. Now, all ardently hope that normalcy
(d) Acknowledging and coping with grief and tourism will return to the valley soon. In a
is an essential part of coming to terms way, the pandemic has given us an opportunity
with loss. to introspect, go back to our roots and look for
(H) Complete the following appropriately. sustainable solutions.
By the statement, 'One may remain 5. For me, tourism has been my greatest
in this stage for weeks, months and teacher. It brought people from many countries
sometimes years, one can infer and all states of India to my guesthouse. It gave
that ................................ me exposure to different cultures and countless
(I) Complete the sentence appropriately. opportunities to learn new things. Most people
who stayed at my guesthouse became my
If the passage would be given the repeat clients and good friends. When I look
title, ‘"Celebrating Joyful Moments back, I feel proud, yet humbled at the thought
in a Modern Society", it would be that I was not only able to fulfill my dream
inappropriate as compared to the title despite all the challenges, but also play a role in
‘Navigating the Phases of Grief ’ because
establishing tourism in the beautiful valley that
……………………………… .
I call home. (394 words)
(J) State whether the given assertion is TRUE S o u rc e : h t t p s : // w w w.o u t l o o k i n d i a .c o m /
or FALSE. outlooktraveller/explore/story/71458/how-
The passage asserts that mourning is a one-mans-conviction-put-jibhi-valley-on-the-
complex and individual process, involving world-tourism-map
distinct phases, cultural influences, and Answer the following questions, based on the
the importance of acknowledging and passage above.
coping with grief to come to terms with
(A) How does the setting contribute to the
loss.
overall mood and atmosphere of the
2. Read the passage given below: story in the passage?
1. I got posted in Srinagar in the 1980s. Its (a) The setting creates a sense of
rugged mountains, gushing rivers and vast isolation and desolation, enhancing
meadows reminded me of the landscapes of a melancholic mood.
2 One Shot English Communicative Class X

(b) The setting adds to the vibrancy and (J) State whether the given assertion is TRUE
liveliness, contributing to an upbeat or FALSE.
and cheerful atmosphere. The author plays a pivotal role in
(c) The setting has no impact on the establishing tourism in the region
mood and atmosphere of the story. despite initial skepticism and subsequent
(d) The setting evokes a sense of challenges.
nostalgia, connecting the narrator's
experiences with their native place. 3. Read the passage given below:
(B) State how the emotions felt by the 1. Once upon a time, there lived a young
author when renovating the traditional boy named Sammy. He was good at studies,
house for the guesthouse are analogous obedient towards his elders, more hard-
to the anticipation and excitement one working than a lot of other boys in his class
might experience when transforming and kind to everyone. Grown-ups as well as
a cherished space into a fulfilling and those younger than Sammy loved him very
purposeful endeavour. much. This aroused jealousy in some boys who
(C) What is the main flaw in the actions of longed to be as loved as him. A boy named
local businessmen in relation to nature? Timmy studied in the same class as Sammy.
(a) Excessive deforestation for commercial Unlike Sammy, he was not good at studies
purposes. and always liked to play during school hours.
(b) Unregulated construction and rapid He misbehaved with his parents, bullied his
development. classmates and even ill-treated Sammy.
He always tried to put Sammy down and
(c) Overreliance on government work
belittled him before the other kids in class. But
schemes.
no matter what he did, Sammy’s grades kept
(d) Failure to adapt to sustainable
getting better and better, whether in studies or
agricultural practice
in sports. Sammy kept getting accolades from
(D) After which paragraph of the story, would everywhere. On his eighth birthday, Sammy
the following paragraph most likely be got a beautiful pen as a gift from his parents.
placed? He brought it to school so that he could use it
The bad times made me reflect on my to take down the notes of the lectures that the
business and I thought of choosing a teachers gave in class. When Timmy saw it, he
different option felt jealous.
(E) Briefly explain (in 30-40 words) any two 2. He asked Sammy, “Hey, where did you get
elements that classify the passage as a that? Did you buy it?” “My parents gave it as
narrative or autobiographical account. a birthday gift to me,” replied Sammy. Timmy
(F) Substitute the underlined word in the was overcome with anger and jealousy.
following sentence with a word/ phrase The bad boy that he was, he rarely got any
from paragraph 5 that means the same. presents from his parents. He decided to steal
After joining the international conference, Sammy’s pen. During recess, when everyone
the young scientist had experience to had gone out from the class, Timmy opened
cutting-edge research. Sammy’s bag and took out his pen. Then he hid
(G) What is the most significant lesson that it inside his bag and went out to have his lunch.
the author learned during the pandemic? When Sammy came back and could not find
(a) The importance of rapid tourism his pen, he informed his class teacher about
growth. it. The class teacher ordered the class monitor
to check every student’s bag. The missing pen
(b) The necessity of diversifying business
was soon found from Timmy’s bag and the
options.
furious teacher asked the errant boy, “Now
(c) The resilience of the local community.
Timmy, what do you have to say about this?”
(d) The effectiveness of government work Timmy was in tears. He had nothing to say.
schemes.
3. When Sammy saw Timmy cry, he took pity
(H) Complete the sentence appropriately. on the boy. The kind boy that he was, Sammy
From the statement, ‘The village residents, had no ill-feeling against his classmate. He
however, were sceptical about my success’ requested his class teacher not to take any
one can infer that …………………… action against Timmy now that his stolen pen
(I) Complete the sentence appropriately. was found.
If the title, ‘A Tale of Missed Opportunities’ Answer the following questions, based on
would be given to the passage, it would the passage above.
be inappropriate, as compared to the (A) How does Timmy's action contribute to
title ‘Establishing Tourism in Jibhi Valley’ the overall mood and atmosphere of the
because ………………………… story?
(a) A sense of joy "They had great sympathy for the flood
(b) Tension and conflict victims."
(c) Regret and depressed (G) What is the most significant lesson that
Timmy learns from the experience?
(d) Excitement and adventure
(a) The importance of discipline
(B) List two ways, how the disappointment (b) The importance of hard work and
felt by Timmy towards the end of the dedication
story is analogous to starting a new life. (c) The significance of having big goals
(C) What is the main flaw in the teacher's (d) The consequences of jealousy
approach to deal with the situation? (H) Complete the following appropriately.
(a) Not trying to know the reason behind Based on the word ‘accolades’ used in
Timmy’s actions the line ‘Sammy kept getting accolades
(b) Inconsistency in enforcing rules from everywhere’, one can infer about
Sammy that …………………..
(c) Ridiculing Timmy's misbehaviour
(d) Not involving Sammy in the resolution (I) Complete the sentence appropriately.
If the title, ‘Punishment in the Face of
(D) After which paragraph of the story, would
Betrayal’ is given to the passage, it
the following paragraph most likely be would be inappropriate as compared to
placed? ‘Importance of second chances’ because
He wanted to explain why he had stolen the ……………..
pen but he feared that the teacher would (J) State whether the given assertion is
inform his parents. TRUE or FALSE.
(E) Briefly explain (in 30-40 words) any Sammy was wrong in requesting the
teacher not to take action against
two elements that classify the story as Timmy.
inspirational.
(F) Substitute the underlined word in the Non-Continuous
following sentence with a word/ phrase 10 marks
from paragraph 3, that means the same.
Passage Qs
4. Read the following table displaying the consumer durables owned in America from 1996 - 2023.
Year Televisions VCRs DVD Microwave Refrigerators Washing Clothes
Players Ovens Machines Dryers
1996 98.70% 88.50% 0.50% 95.20% 99.20% 98.30% 85.40%
1997 99.00% 87.20% 2.30% 95.50% 99.30% 98.40% 85.70%
1998 99.20% 85.70% 5.80% 95.80% 99.40% 98.50% 86.00%
1999 99.40% 84.10% 11.40% 96.00% 99.50% 98.60% 86.30%
2000 99.50% 82.30% 19.20% 96.20% 99.50% 98.70% 86.60%
2001 99.60% 80.40% 29.30% 96.40% 99.60% 98.80% 86.90%
2002 99.70% 78.30% 41.80% 96.60% 99.60% 98.90% 87.20%
2003 99.80% 76.10% 56.20% 96.80% 99.70% 99.00% 87.50%
Answer the following questions, based on (D) Select the correct option to fill the blank
the table above. and complete the analogy.
(A) Identify the type of consumer durable ………………………… : a device for visual
that would most likely prompt people entertainment :: Washing Machine : cleans
to ask too many 'why' questions before clothes through mechanical processes
buying, based on the data from the year (a) Televisions (b) DVD Players
2001. (c) VCR (d) Washing Machine
(B) Which product will be struggling the most (E) Based on the understanding of technology,
in the year 2004? what do you think is the importance of a
(a) Televisions (b) VCRs television?
(c) DVD Players (d) Microwave Ovens (F) Complete the sentence appropriately:
(C) Which product has shown a steep rise We can infer that televisions and
in the year 1998? What could be the microwave/ovens have been increasingly
reason? used because ………………………

(G) Give a brief explanation of how, out of
the three scenarios provided, situation (2)
best illustrates the consumer's attitude (b)
toward consumer durables.
(a) Every product makes daily living
easier.
(b) Users have assessed a product's
(c)
usefulness and longevity.
(c) People purchase items because it's in
style to do so.
(H) Identify a device which was owned by
95% or above home owners in 1996.
(d)
(a) 5. Read the following table displaying the

location and highlight of popular tourist
places.
Travel Destination Other name Location Main Attractions Popular Tourist Places
Agra, India The Taj City Uttar Pradesh, Taj Mahal, Agra Fort, Mehtab Bagh, Shilpagram,
India Sikandra, Tomb of Agra Cantt Railway Museum,
Akbar Keetham Lake, Agra Marble
Market
Jaipur, India Pink City Rajasthan, Hawa Mahal, City Nahargarh Fort, Panna
India Palace, Amer Fort, Meena ka Kund, Chokhi
Jantar Mantar, Jal Dhani, Birla Mandir, Kanak
Mahal Valley
Udaipur, India City of Lakes Rajasthan, Lake Palace, City Ahar Museum, Vintage Car
India Palace, Jagdish Museum, Bharatiya Lok
Temple, Saheliyon-ki- Kala Mandir, Nehru Garden,
Bari, Moti Mahal Eklingji Temple
Goa, India Pearl of the Goa, India Beaches, Churches, Agonda Beach, Baga Beach,
Orient Old Goa, Forts, Calangute Beach, Candolim
Markets Beach, Anjuna Beach
Varanasi, India Spiritual Uttar Pradesh, Ganga River, Kashi Dasaswamedh Ghat,
Capital of India Vishwanath Temple, Banaras Hindu University,
India Manikarnika Ghat, Sankat Mochan Hanuman
Sarnath, Varanasi Temple, Tulsi Manas Mandir,
Ghat Durga Temple
Answer the following questions, based on (E) Among the listed destinations, which
the table above. one do you believe would offer the most
(A) Determine which tourist attraction, an enriching cultural experience, and why?
architect with a keen interest in Indian
(F) Using the data in the table as a guide,
royal architecture, is most likely to visit.
complete the following sentence.
(B) A person fond of lakes would like to visit:
Agra, known as the Taj City, is a
(a) Udaipur
captivating destination because of its
(b) Jaipur
…………………..
(c) Agra
(d) Can’t assess from the table (G) What is the main theme of Goa, as per
the passage?
(C) Agra is called the ‘The Taj City’. Justify
the given statement. (a) Spiritual Retreats and Temples
(D) Fill in the blank to complete the following (b) Royal Palaces and Forts
analogy: (c) Beaches, Churches, and Markets
Agra : Taj Mahal :: Jaipur : ………………….. (d) All of these
(H) Match the following tourist destinations Kritika: I work at Real Solutions Ltd., Delhi
with their popular tourist places. office in the tech support division.
Rohan: Could you briefly describe your
(A) Udaipur position and duties at your present company?
(1)
Kritika: I can diagnose and fix problems,
install and configure hardware and software,
troubleshoot technical problems, and resolve
network issues, among other things.
Rohan: Excellent! Let me know what is your
(B) Goa reason for the job change?
(2)
Kritika: Although I have been employed here
for the previous four years, I don't particularly
enjoy the type of work I've been doing lately in
the support profile. To be completely honest,
I'm also searching for new opportunities to
(C) Agra (3) advance my skills and a decent hike in my
salary. I want to evolve in a new environment.
Rohan: Alright. Could you tell me your
expected salary and current salary?
Kritika: I make earning six lakh per annum at
(D) Varanasi (4) the moment. Expecting a minimum of 35–
45% increase in my current CTC, in line with
industry standards.
Rohan: Based on your interview, we will
(a) A-1: B-3, C-2; D-4 undoubtedly extend to you a respectable raise
(b) A-4; B-3; C-1; D-2 on your current CTC. Could you please share
(c) A-4; B-1; C-2; D-3 your learning experience at ABC with me?
(d) A-2: B-1; C-4; D-3 Kritika: ABC is a top consulting company
in the industry, quoting the top companies
6. Read the following telephonic conversation in the field. This company offers a plethora
between Kritika (Candidate) and Rohan (HR of limitless learning opportunities, utilizing
cutting-edge technologies and methodologies.
Manager).
I'll have a fantastic opportunity to learn,
Rohan: Hi! Is that Kritika? develop, and explore while working with ABC.
Kritika: Kritika this side, indeed. Who is this, Rohan: That's good to hear, Kritika. Are
please tell me? you available for tomorrow's Google Meet
Rohan: Hello Kritika, Rohan here from ABC’s HR interview round?
department. Is it the appropriate time for us to Kritika: Of course, sir.
speak? Rohan: Tell me your email address.
Kritika: Indeed, sir! Kritika: kritika123@gmail.com
Rohan: Thank you.
Rohan: had seen your Naukri.com profile. Tell
me if you are still looking for work. Answer the following questions, based on
the conversation above.
Kritika: Yes Sir, I am excited about a new job
opportunity. (A) Determine who is most likely to ask
Rohan: I am calling you for the position of "why" questions. Provide one argument
in favour of your decision.
Tech Support for our Delhi office. Are you
(B) What draws Kritika to ABC above all
comfortable with the location and the profile?
else?
Kritika: I am working as a tech support
(a) cooperative employees
representative. So I would feel right at home
(b) limitless learning opportunities
there.
(c) encouraging supervisors
Rohan: What kind of schooling did you receive?
(d) jobs that aren't very challenging
Kritika: I received an overall grade of 83% in
(C) Rohan says "excellent" after finding out
Bachelor of Technology from Savitabai Phule,
about Kritika’s responsibilities and role
College Pune. in his current position. Provide any two
Rohan: That's fantastic. Tell me more about likely explanations for his answer.
your professional background. (D) Fill in the following analogy based on the
Kritika: I began working as a tech support six communication modalities mentioned in
years ago. the text.
Rohan: Alright. Which organisation do you telephone: oral communication:: …………… :
work for right now? written communication

(a) pen (b) speech
(c) e-mail (d) meeting
(E) State three most likely questions that
would be asked to Kritika in her online (a)
selection round.
(F) Using the conversation as a guide,
From their last conversation, it is clear
that Rohan would talk to Kritika again
because of..................
(b)
(G) Based on the conversation, which of the
following claims can be upheld?
(a) The HR made the decision to hire
Kritika.
(b) Kritika was persuaded that HR
possesses a strong background and (c)
skill set.
(c) Kritika firmly believed she had been
chosen for the position.
(d) The HR was persuaded that Kritika
possesses a solid background and (d)
skill set.
(H) Which expression would define Rohan’s
thoughts towards the candidate?
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

the Astoria Hotel. It was the first time that I
Continuous Passage Qs 12 marks had seen such a grand place, and I could barely
7. Read the passage given below: believe my eyes. What was I, a simple village
boy doing in such a different world? While we
1. With eager anticipation we awaited the
were at the Astoria, Commander Rekhi, our
next stage. A tailor was called in to measure
manager, showed us how to knot a tie and
us, five boys and one girl, Mary Lila Rao, for the
gave us lessons on table manners.
sports kits. I was filled with happiness, just like
3. When we reached Santa Cruz, the entire
a child who had been given a bag full of candy.
atmosphere at the terminal seemed unreal-
After all, I would be fulfilling my dream to wear its bright lights, the strange sounds, the rush
a blazer with India written on it!! of people. Except for Mary Lila Rao, none of us
2. A week later, we left for Australia. The had flown before. I was scared and confused.
night before we left. I could not sleep. My I had no bedding and no food. Where would
small suitcase had been packed with my kit I sleep? What would I eat? How would the
plane take off with so many people, their
and bedding and I waited for the sun to rise.
luggage and other cargo? Would it crash under
Excited by the prospect of what lay ahead,
so much weight? I followed my companions
we boarded the train to Bombay, the first lap towards the huge monster that awaited us,
of our long journey across the seas to far- and blindly climbed up the ramp into the
off Australia. When we reached Bombay’s cabin. I was asked to fasten my seatbelt, but
Churchgate station, we were taken by bus to naturally I did not know what to do and was
fumbling with the straps when the air-hostess 4. They quickly ducked behind some old
kindly helped me. shelves as the footsteps grew louder. The
4. When the plane started to taxi along the sound of breathing was getting closer and
runway, I closed my eyes and prayed to my closer until finally, they saw a figure appear
God. I had butterflies in my stomach as the in the doorway. It was a man wearing a chef ’s
plane ascended. And then we were airborne. hat, with a face that was twisted in a sinister
When I looked out of the window. I saw smoke smile. Drishti and her friends felt their blood
pouring out of the engine, and raised an alarm, run cold as the man approached them. They
thinking that the plane was on fire. The air- could feel his cold breath on their faces as
hostess calmed me down, patiently explaining he leaned in, whispering in a deep voice, "You
that it was only the fuel burning. I felt very shouldn't be here."
foolish and laughed with relief. 5. Dirshti and her friends were frozen with
(Adapted from the Autobiography of Milkha fear as they stared into the chef's eyes. But
suddenly, the lights flickered on and the figure
Singh)
disappeared. They looked around the room,
Answer the following questions based on and everything seemed normal. They had
the above passage. been so scared that they hadn't realized they
(A) Why couldn’t Milkha Singh sleep a night were in a room with faulty wiring.
before they left? 6. Disappointed, they realized that their ghost
(B) How many people had flown earlier? hunt had been a bust. They left the hotel
(C) What made the atmosphere of feeling deflated and let down. They had hoped
Santa-Cruz seem unreal? for an exciting, spine-tingling adventure, but all
(D) Give any two reasons responsible for they got was a scary moment caused by faulty
Milkha’s worry or confusion. wiring. As they drove home, they couldn't help
but feel foolish for getting so worked up over
(E) According to him what was a huge nothing. They had been so convinced that they
monster? would find evidence of the paranormal that
(F) Why was he fascinated by the hotel? they had overlooked the simple explanation for
(G) Why did the air-hostess had to help the noises they had heard.
him? 7. Dirshti learned an important lesson that
(H) Why did he pray to the God? night. Sometimes, the scariest things are the
(I) Name the figure of speech used in ones that we create in our own minds. She
para-1. [CBSE 2019] realized that she didn't need to chase after
the supernatural to experience thrills and
8. Read the passage given below: excitement. The world around her was full of
1. Dirshti was young woman who had mystery and wonder, and she was content to
always been fascinated by the supernatural. experience it without the need for ghosts and
She had read countless books and watched ghouls. (531 words)
numerous documentaries about ghosts and Answer the following questions based on
otherworldly beings. So, when she heard about the above passage.
an abandoned hotel on the outskirts of town (A) How does the setting contribute to the
that was said to be haunted, she knew she had overall mood and atmosphere of the
to investigate. story?
2. One night, Dirshti decided to sneak into the (a) It creates a sense of nostalgia.
dilapidated hotel with a few of her friends. As (b) It provides a sense of false security.
they made their way through the dark, eerie (c) It adds to the suspense in the story.
corridors, they heard strange noises and felt
(d) It presents a contrast with the real
cold spots. They were convinced that they
were not alone. world.
3. Suddenly, they came across a room that (B) List two ways, how the disappointment
was different from the rest. It was filled with that Drishti and her friends felt after
old cooking equipment and strange symbols their ghost hunt, is analogous to the
etched into the walls. Drishti felt a chill run feeling of waking up from a dream.
Answer in 30 -40 words
down her spine as she entered the room.
She knew that this was where the most (C) What is the main flaw in Drishti's
paranormal activity occurred. As they were approach to investigating the haunted
examining the room, they heard a loud bang hotel?
coming from the hallway. They froze in fear, (a) She was too focused on finding
not knowing what was coming their way. They evidence of the paranormal.
could hear footsteps approaching, and they (b) She was too skeptical and refused to
knew they had to hide. believe in the possibility of ghosts.

(c) She relied too heavily on do with Uncle Ken, it landed us in a situation
other people's accounts of the where we had to make a hasty exit. While
supernatural. we were being chased away by an irate man
(d) She didn't take enough precautions from his fields and were dashing away, Uncle
to ensure her safety. Ken’s hat flew off. Later, when we had stopped
(D) After which paragraph of the story, panting, I remembered what Granny had said
would the following paragraph most about looking at the funny side of situations
likely be placed? and had a good laugh. Unfortunately, I don’t
think Uncle Ken saw the lighter side at that
They commenced walking through the moment.
hotel, Drishti’s torchlight barely illuminating
the darkness around her. Suddenly, they 2. It helps to have such an outlook on finding
heard a loud creaking noise behind them. oneself in the oddest of circumstances. Like
Drishti whipped around, pointing her the time I was in Mumbai, my belt decided to
flashlight in the direction of the noise. have some fun by getting entangled with a
Nothing. Shaken, hey all quickened their fellow passenger’s luggage. After that, I sat
pace. quietly at the book festival I had been taken to
attend, to keep my belt out of trouble. And it’s
(E) Briefly explain (in 30-40 words) any two not just belts that get me into trouble. There
elements that classify the story as scary. was the time I was sharing a taxi to Delhi with
(F) Substitute the underlined word in the a gentleman with a fierce moustache. He was
following sentence with a word/ phrase carrying a book written by me with him. When
from paragraphs 4-6, that means the I told him it was my book, he looked offended
same. that I was trying to lay a claim to his property.
The sound of the footsteps outside the door I gave up on the conversation quickly and filed
left her petrified and the rasping breathing it away for future use in a story.
added to her horror. 3. I have even been accused by some of my,
(G) What is the most significant lesson that younger audience for being too funny. Once
Drishti learns from her experience in the a girl asked me disapprovingly why my ghost
haunted hotel? stories are not scary enough. ‘‘Your ghosts are
(a) The importance of avoiding risk- too funny,’’ she grumbled. So, I tried to write
taking. a few scary ghost stories. But I find benign,
(b) The need to be more sceptical of the friendly ghosts just as delightful. So, I also
supernatural. wrote about my friend Jimmy, who discovered
he was a jinn. That meant he could elongate
(c) The value of evaluating your his arms at will. This ensured that he had a
weaknesses starring role to play in the school basketball
(d) The power of imagination to create team. Mostly, I feel I have been able to live this
suspense. life enjoying its small moments of happiness
(H) Complete the following appropriately. and been able to laugh when needed.
Based on the use of the word Answer the following questions based on
"dilapidated" to describe the hotel, the above passage.
in Paragraph 2, we can infer that its (A) While on a walk, what did Uncle Ken
condition was .................................. . insist on?
(I) Complete the sentence appropriately. (B) What happened when Uncle Ken was
If the title, The Hotel Haunting is chased away from the field of an irate
given to this passage, it would be an man?
inappropriate title, as compared to The (C) How did Uncle Ken react to his hat flying
Unsettling Encounter at the Abandoned off ?
Hotel because ......................... . (D) What was the oddest situation that the
(J) State whether the given assertion is narrator had faced in Mumbai?
TRUE or FALSE. (E) ‘I was trying to lay claim to his property.’
The reason Drishti and her friends visited What is the ‘property’ referred to in this
the abandoned hotel was to prove the sentence?
existence of ghosts. (F) What did the girl accuse the narrator of ?
[CBSE SQP 2023] (G) Why did Jimmy have a starring role to
9. Read the passage given below: play in the school basketball team?
1. The time Uncle Ken and I went for a walk (H) What kind of life did the narrator have?
and he insisted on going the zigzag way, I (I) Which word in paragraph 3 means the
did the same. It was fun. But like all things to same as ‘harmless’? [CBSE 2020]
10. Read the passage given below: Answer the following questions based on
1. It was a bleak, rainy day, and I had no the above passage.
desire to drive up the winding mountain road (A) State why the author was reluctant to
to my daughter Carolyn's house. But she had make a two-hour journey.
insisted that I come and see something at the (B) "This is a detour." On what occasion did
top of the mountain. Carolyn say this to the author? (30–40
2. So, here I was, reluctantly making the two- words only)
hour journey through fog that hung like veils. By
(C) The author started liking the place
the time I saw how thick it was near the summit,
I'd gone too far to turn back. Nothing could be because
worth this, I thought, as (a) of its forest and sandy sea beach.
Iinched along the perilous highway. (b) of the black-green evergreens towering
3. "I'll stay for lunch, but I'm heading back down over them.
as soon as the fog lifts," Ian announced when I (c) of the bleak and rainy day.
arrived. "But I need you to drive. (d) of reaching the place in just three
me to the garage to pick up my car," Carolyn minutes.
said. "Could we at least do that?" (D) The place, where the author went with
4. "How far is it?" she asked. "About three her daughter, had a beautiful panoramic
minutes," she said. "I'm used to it." view. Justify this statement with
5. After ten minutes on the mountain road, I reference to the passage in about 40
looked at her anxiously. "I thought you said words.
three minutes." She grinned. (E) Why was the narrator's mind filled with
"This is a detour." questions?
6. Turning down a narrow track, we parked (F) Complete the following sentence
the car and got out. We walked along a path appropriately.
that was thick with old pine needles. Huge
‘‘The wonder of it would not let me go.’’
black-and-green evergreens towered over us.
Gradually, the peace and silence of the place From this sentence, we can infer that the
began to fill my mind. author was deeply .................................
7. Then we turned around and stopped, and I (G) State whether the given assertion is
gasped in amazement. From the top of the TRUE or FALSE.
mountain, sloping for several acres across folds A field of flowers opens one woman's
and valleys, were rivers of daffodils in radiant eyes to the world of possibilities.
bloom. A profusion of colours—from the palest (H) What is the lesson learned from her
ivory to the deepest lemon to the most vivid experience?
salmon—blazed like a carpet before us. It looked
as though the sun had tipped over and spilled (a) To drive to such places more often
gold down the mountainside. (b) To start working for nature
8. At the centre, cascaded a waterfall of purple (c) To change the world with a new
hyacinths. Here and there were coral-coloured vision
tulips. And as if this bonanza were not enough, (d) That there is a huge world of
Western bluebirds frolicked over the heads of possibilities.
the daffodils, their tawny breasts and sapphire
wings like a flutter of jewels. (I) Find a word from Paragraph 1, which
means the same as 'Cheerless and
9. A riot of questions filled my mind. Who created
gloomy'.
such beauty? Why? How? As we approached
the home that stood in the centre of the (J) Substitute the word 'perilous' with a
property, we saw a sign that read, "Answers to word that is its synonym.
the Questions I Know You Are Asking." (a) Dangerous; (b) Cunning;
10. The first answer was "One Woman, Two (c) Devastating (d) Secured
Hands, Two Feet." The second was "One at a [CBSE 2024]
Time." The third was: "Started in 1958."
11. As we drove home, I was so moved by what 11. Read the passage given below:
we had seen that I could scarcely speak. "She 1. One would imagine that at the very sight
changed the world," Ifinally said, "one bulb at a of the panther, deer, antelopes and its other
time. She started almost 40 years ago, probably preys would just run for their lives. Nothing of
just the beginning of an idea, but she kept at it."
the sort. They all stand their ground and make
12. The wonder of it would not let me go.
such a loud noise that the panther is left with
"Imagine," I said. "If I'd had a vision and worked
at it, just a little bit every day, what might I have no other choice except to leave quietly. I have
accomplished?" Carolyn looked at me sideways, seen a tiny chital baby standing in the middle
smiling. "Start tomorrow," she said. "Better yet, of an opening in the forest, stamping its feet
start today." on the ground and shooing away a tiger. With

the white of its erect tail showing, it kept up its (E) How does the panther kill its prey?
shrill call until the tiger made itself scarce. No (F) Substitute the underlined word in the
tiger in its senses would attempt to catch such sentence with the word from the passage
an impertinent brat, just as you would not which means the same.
dream of catching an offending crow cawing They were filled with doubt when they
away in your verandah. heard her side of the story.
2. While the panther sticks to cover and hugs (G) What is the tone used by the author for
the edge of the forest, the game animals, on the Chital baby?
the other hand, like to assemble right out (a) Pride
in open vast grazing grounds. Open spaces, (b) Amazement
which the panther carefully avoids, are what
(c) Joyful
the game animals deliberately seek.
(d) Angry
3. It is difficult to describe the pandemonium
kicked up by various animals when they spot (H) Complete the sentence appropriately.
or suspect a panther around. The chital strikes The skills displayed by the panther while
a shrill note, the kakar emits a deafening bark hunting its prey are ..................... .
and the sambar rings a bell. The peacock on its (I) Complete the sentence appropriately.
perch, the jungle fowl on the ground, and the According to the author, when the
monkey on treetops, all join in the chorus of animals make the noise they are
condemnation of the panther. They curse the .......................
panther in their own inimitable language. The
(J) State whether the given assumption is
resulting confusion of sounds is so irritating to
True or False.
the sharp ears of the panther that it is left with
Panthers are animals that prefers
no other option except to go away.
solitude. [CBSE 2017]
4. The panther has thus to deal with its ever
alert and watchful associates who show no
Non-Continuous/Factual
mercy and expect none. It is a fight between 10 marks
finesse and flight, between clever attack and Passage Qs*
skilful defence.
5. Contrary to the common belief, the panther 12. Read the passage given below:
never springs upon its prey. It stalks as close to 1. Peer pressure is a phenomenon wherein
its victim as it can manage, and then makes the we tend to get influenced by the lifestyle and
final dash by rushing at it at lightning speed. ways of thinking of our peers. Peer pressure
Answer the following questions based on the can prove beneficial but it is most often
above passage. observed to have negative effects.
(A) What strategy do animals like deer, 2. The thought, behaviour and taste in fashion,
antelope etc. adopt to drive away the music, television and other walks of life of the
panther? masses are often seen to have a deep impact
on society. We tend to get influenced by the
(a) To make loud noise
lifestyle of our peer group. The changing ways
(b) To hide way up in the tree
of life of our peers often force us to change our
(c) To run away quickly ways of looking at life and leading it. It's a human
(d) All of the above tendency to do what the crowd does. Few have
(B) How do the panther and the game the courage to resist the peer pressure and be
animals (deer, antelopes etc.) react to their own selves rather than being one among
open spaces? the lot. Peer pressure is bound to affect most of
(C) What effect does the loud noises made us both positively and negatively. The distinction
by the birds and animals have on the between positive and negative peer pressure
panther? lies in a thoughtful analysis of the views of the
(a) It gets angry masses. Following your peers blindly leaves a
negative impact on your life while an analytical
(b) It goes away
approach of looking at peer behaviour can help
(c) It pounces to look for the sound you act positively. Peer pressure is not always
(d) It does nothing bad. It can help you analyze yourself and
(D) What sounds are made by the chital, the contemplate on your ways of life. Some of the
kakar and the sambar when a panther is practices that the masses follow may actually
around? teach you the way of living. You may be able to
*Before 2023 Syllabus, reading comprehension didn't have Non-Continuous Passages.
change yourself for the better. Looking at what (A) Affected by (Para 1)
others do, can help you bring about a positive (B) Difference (Para 2)
change in your way of thinking. If you can pick (C) Give in to (Para 3) [CBSE 2019]
selectively, peer pressure can actually result in
a positive change in your way of life. 13. Read the passage given below:
3. Teenage is that phase of life when you 1. Poor hygiene and lack of sanitation facilities
are exposed to the world outside. These are cost India 6,00,000 lives annually due to
the years when you spend most of your time diarrhoea and other such diseases. Almost 450
with your friends. Teenage is the phase of million people in India do not have access to
beginning to become independent in life; the toilets and defecate in the open. Not only this,
years of forming your ideals and principles, but a but a lack of toilets also exposes a large
the years that shape your personality and number of the country’s women to the risk of
the years that introduce you to your own self. sexual assault.
As adolescents you often spend most of your 2. Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) was
daily time with friends and owing to this, you launched on the birth anniversary of Mahatma
tend to imitate your friends. The people around Gandhi on October 2, 2014, at Rajghat in New
you are bound to influence you. However, the Delhi. This national campaign, initiated by
effect of the influences of the masses is greater the Government of India, covers 4041 towns
during your teen years. Parents have a vital role across the country and aims to make the
to play during this phase of your life. Parents streets, roads and infrastructure clean by 2nd
and teachers need to be careful while dealing October 2019, Mahatma Gandhi’s 150th birth
with teenagers, as they are most susceptible to anniversary.
succumb to peer pressure during these years of 3. This mission to clean India’s cities and
their life. Teenage individuals need to be taught villages is estimated to cost around < 62,009
to distinguish between the good and the bad, crore. It is the most celebrated scheme which
the right and the wrong and to be thoughtful aims to combat dirtiness and generate
in life. awareness among the citizens of India of
the importance of sanitation and hygiene.
4. A strong support from family, an ability
Millions of people, celebrities, politicians,
to differentiate between the positive and the
academic institutions, NGOs, and local
negative and a skill to choose friends from community centres across the country
among the peers this three-pronged strategy is have joined this cleanliness initiative of the
the best way to keep away from negative peer government by organising cleanliness drives
pressure. across the country. From Bollywood actors to
Answer the following questions based on the sportspersons, government officials to army
above passage. men, industrialists to spiritual leaders, all are
(A) How can the changing ways of life of our willingly contributing towards making India
peers affect us? clean.
(B) What needs courage? 4. The Union Ministry of Urban Development
is managing the urban component of the SBM,
(C) Name any two factors which can help
while the Union Ministry of Drinking Water and
you gain from peer pressure.
Sanitation is handling the rural component
(D) State any two characteristics of a of the mission. Schools are also organising
teenager. frequent cleanliness campaigns to spread
(E) Why are teenagers more likely to be awareness of hygiene through plays and other
affected by peer pressure? modes.
12.2 On the basis of your reading of the 5. The mission aims to eradicate open
passage, fill in any two of the following defecation by 2019. The Prime Minister while
blanks with appropriate words/phrases: launching the SBM, called for making the
(A) A negative impact on life can be left by goal of Swachh Bharat as a mass movement,
……………………….. with people taking a pledge to neither litter,
nor let others litter. The mission aims to
(B) A thoughtful analysis of the views of the
eliminate open defecation by constructing
masses will lead to ……………..
toilets for households, communities, abolishing
(C) Selective picking can result in ……………….. manual scavenging, ushering in advanced
12.3 On the basis of your reading of the municipal solid waste management practices,
passage, fill in any two of the following encouraging private sector involvement in the
blanks with appropriate words/phrases: sanitation sector and last but not least by

bringing about attitudinal change with regard They should choose their career according to
to sanitation. their aptitude and resources.
6. The government has greatly publicised 2. Young people are ambitious, impatient
this mission, yet there is a lack of adequate and eager to achieve good positions. They
awareness of making India clean, which is want to become high officials, and executives
a major cause of concern. If each and every and have top positions without considering
person starts making efforts to keep the their qualifications, skills etc. This is a wrong
surroundings clean, we will definitely see attitude. One should be realistic. One may
positive results soon. dream of becoming a super star and end up as
a mere casual artist. Such high ambitions lead
Answer the following questions based on
to disillusionment and unhappiness.
the above passage
3. It is better to choose a career at the
(A) When was the Swachh Bharat Mission
high school level than go for higher studies
(SBM) launched by the Government
aimlessly. One should go for a vocational
of India and when is it likely to be
course at this stage. There are many careers,
completed?
professions and vocations to choose from.
(B) Who has joined the Swachh Bharat There are teaching, engineering, medicine,
Mission, and what is their aim? law, technology, business, trade, computer
(C) What are the two components of the application career, government employment,
Swachh Bharat Mission, and who is positions in the police and army etc. But each
monitoring these components? of these requires special aptitude, training,
(D) What is the aim of the mission? and resources. One may have the proper
qualifications and aptitude for a career of a
(E) What is the approximate cost of the
doctor or engineer. But if there are no financial
mission? Who will be benefitted by this
resources to train for it, one cannot choose it as
mission? one’s career.
13.2 On the basis of your reading of the 4. Choice of a career is not simply a matter
passage, fill in any two of the following of likes and dislikes. Financial resources play
blanks with appropriate words/phrases: a very important role in deciding to choose a
(A) From Bollywood actors to sportspersons, profession. For lack of funds, one will have to
government officials to armymen, choose a far humbler career. One can take to
industrialists to spiritual leaders, all politics if one has an aptitude for public life. It is
are willing to contribute towards a profession of hard labour and perseverance.
............................... . If you have strong optimism, ambition for
(B) The Swachh Bharat Mission aims fame and are prepared to face the worst, you
to eradicate open defecation by are best suited for politics. If you have enough
............................... . money and resources and want to grow very
rich, you can choose business as your career.
(C) There is a lack of adequate awareness
Therefore, be practical, logical and reasonable
of making India clean which is a major
in choosing your profession. This is a crucial
............................... . choice.
13.3 Find out words/phrases from the passage Answer the following questions based on
which mean the same as the following. the above passage.
(A) Availability (para 1) (A) State the factors that can help young
(B) Series of planned activities (para 4) people decide their career.
(C) to remove/get rid of (para 5) (B) What leads to disillusionment and
[CBSE 2019] unhappiness among young people?
14. Read the passage given below. (C) What is the right time to make a career
choice? Why?
1. The choice of profession and career is of
(D) Why are financial resources important
great importance. Success depends on the
while choosing a career?
right and timely choice of a career. There are
a great variety of careers and professions. 14.2 On the basis of your reading of the
The lack of proper counselling worsens the passage, fill in any two of the following
situation. It also results in unemployment and blanks with appropriate words/phrases:
frustration which is a waste of money, time (A) One’s success in life depends on
and energy. The students should take the ............................ .
help of elders, teachers, and professionals in (B) Lack of proper counselling leads to
deciding their careers. ............................ .
(C) ............................ play an important role in (B) aspire (para 2)
one’s choice of profession. (C) funds (para 3) [CBSE 2020]
14.3 Find out words/phrases from the passage
15. Read the following table displaying the
which mean the same as the following. performance and interest of four students
Attempt any two. of different calibere in academics and co-
(A) guidance (para 1) curricular activities.
Name Mathematics Science English Overall Interest in Performance in the Inter

Average (100) Co-curricular School Competition
Activities
Ravi 75 80 70 75 Sports(Cricket, Won 1st Place in Inter
Football) School Football Tournament
Mohit 95 90 85 90 Debate, Quix, Awarded Best Speaker
Elocusion in Inter School Debate
Competition
Raghu 55 60 50 55 Painting, Drama, Displayed artwork in Inter
Photography School Art Exhibition
Lata 100 96 95 97 Robotics, Coding, Secured 2nd place in Inter
Chess School Robotics Challenge
Answer the following questions based on From the table given above, we can infer
the above table. that even though Raghu is an average
(A) Identify the student from the above table student, yet he is......................... than Lata.
who has artistic ideas. (G) Explain why situation (III) showcases the
(B) Lata has an interest in robotics and sportsmanship quality of Ravi.
coding. Choose the best career option for (I) In an inter-school cricket
her the given options tournament, Ravi played well and
(a) Event Organiser helped the team win the match.
(b) App Developer (II) In an inter-school cricket match, it
was Ravi who cheered his team as
(c) Choreographer
captain and took important decisions
(C) Which interests of Raghu can help him during the match.
relax whenever he is stressed?
(III) After an inter-school cricket match,
(D) Give one justification to prove that Ravi congratulated the opposite
(I) Lata's actions are based on accurate team for winning the match.
calculations, and (H) Choose the correct option, which proves
(II) Lata is capable of cracking any that Mohit is a good debater.
competitive examination. (a) Mohit shouts at the beginning of any
(E) Select the correct option to fill in the discussion and does not let others
blank and complete the analogy. speak.
Guitar: Music: Photograph: ....................... (b) Mohit argues without any facts
(F) Complete the given sentence with the while presenting his ideas.
appropriate reason, with reference to the (c) Mohit can convince others with valid
information in the given table. points and facts. [CBSE 2024]
16. Read the passage given below.
Name Motto Partcipation Achieve- Awards Personal Drawbacks Other

in activities ments Qualities Notable
things
Rohit "Together we Debate club, 1st prize Best Stu- Diligent, Sometimes Volunteer at
can achieve Quiz club in Science dent confident, tends to a local NGO
greatness" Olympiad empathetic be overly
competitive

Sanya "Service Social 1st prize in Best Orator Compassionate, Can be overly Participated
before self" service club, Debate com- organized, self-critical at in a Model
Drama club petition responsible times United
Nations
conference
Rajat "Never give Sports club, 2nd position Best Perseverant, Can sometimes Plays in a
up, always Music club in Chess Sportsper- team player, be indecisive local band
rise up" competition son adaptable
Aryan "Success Photography 1st prize in Budding Creative, Can sometimes Built a
through hard club, Science Photography Innovator curious, detail- procastinate working
work" club competition oriented model of a
wind turbine
for a science
fair
Anan- "Strive for Dance club, 1st prize in Creative Confident, Tends to Published her
ya excellence" Art club Art compe- Mind hardworking, overthink things own poetry
tition imaginative collection
Answer the following questions, based on (G) Explain briefly why situation (II), from the
the table above. three situations given below, showcases
Ananya's motto, "Lead by example"?
(A) Identify the person who is likely to ask
many "why" questions, and support (I) During a group project, Ananya
your choice with one reason. assigns each team member specific
tasks and sets a high standard for
(B) Which house captain is most likely to the project's quality. She tells them
struggle the most with handling stress to actively participate in the project
during the school's annual inter-house and take it to fruition.
sports tournament? (II) During a house debate competition,
(a) Rohit Ananya notices that a few of her
(b) Sanya house members are struggling
to articulate their arguments
(c) Rajat
effectively. Ananya takes the time to
(d) Anaya listen to their concerns and provides
(C) Give two justifications for Sanya being constructive feedback and support.
the best fit to lead a school-wide (III) During a fundraising event, Ananya
initiative to promote mental health and volunteers to be in charge of
well-being among students. organizing and coordinating the
(D) Select the correct option to fill the blank event but she frequently delegates
and complete the analogy. tasks to others and attends to her
school assignment while her team
......................... : paint brush :: Rajat : tabla
completes the task successfully.
(a) Rohit (H) Select the option that correctly matches
(b) Sanya the House Captains (1)-(3), to the
(c) Aryan trophies (i)-(v).
(d) Ananya House Captains (1) Rajat (2) Ananya (3) Aryan
(E) Based on the personal qualities of the

House Captains, why is Rajat the most
likely to be a collaborative worker?
(F) Complete the given sentence with the
appropriate reason, with reference to the
information in the table. (a) (1) - (ii) , (2) - (i) , (3) - (iii)
We can infer that Aryan’s overall (b) (1) - (i) , (2) - (v) , (3) - (iv)
performance may be negatively impacted (c) (1) - (v) , (2) - (iii) , (3) - (ii)
by his weakness in time management (d) (1) - (iii) , (2) - (iv) , (3) - (i)
because .................................................... . [CBSE SQP 2023]
PUSH YOURSELF
(High difficulty Qs for self-assessment)
so on. Not to forget the short - term effects

Continuous Passage Qs like hormone disruption, loss of concentration,
impairment of cognitive function, behavioural
1. Read the passage given below:
problems, and attention deficits; and the long-
It is popularly believed that wireless tech- term effects like DNA damage, male infertility.
nology was created in the year 1880, when
For children, the wireless devices have even
Alexander Graham Bell and Charles Sumner
more grave consequences because they have
Tainter invented the telephone. In that mo-
thinner bony skulls, more aqueous bodies/
ment they changed the very course of human
brains, higher rate of cell turnover and, hence
civilisation. Today you would be hardpressed
their neural systems are not completely
to find an adult (or even a child) who does not
developed. Beyond physical impairments,
have access to mobile technology.
children are also vulnerable to stunted
Wireless communication is the transfer of in- socio-emotional, cognitive and behavioural
formation or power between two or more development.
points that are not connected by an electrical Given the ubiquity of technology in today’s
conductor. The most common wireless tech- society and the importance of this issue
nologies use radio waves. With radio waves, for policy and practice, it is essential to
distances can be short, such as a few metres understand the impacts of technology use on
for Bluetooth, or as far as millions of kilometres the developing brains and bodies of children
for deep-space radio communications. It en- in the 21st century in order to guide policy
compasses various types of fixed, mobile, and delineating safe and effective use. Parents and
portable applications, including two-way radi- guardians should be discerning when it comes
os, cellular telephones, personal digital assis- to guidelines and research, while governments
tants (PDAs), and wireless networking. In fact, and groups with policy influence should
all our Wi-Fi devices also emit radio waves. be cautious of prescribing policy without
Wireless networks are gaining popularity due exploring the evidence base in a holistic and
to their convenience. This ease of connectivity thorough manner.
comes at a price. On-going research has iden- International exposure guidelines have been
tified that signals from a wireless network are developed to provide protection against
potentially dangerous to humans. The con- established effects from radio frequency
stant proximity to wireless signals can cause fields by the International Commission on
headaches, insomnia, cardiac arrest and other NonIonizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP,
health issues. Researchers have established 1998) and the Institute of Electrical and
that Wi-Fi network signals predominantly af- Electronic Engineers (IEEE, 2005). It is up
fect the lower half of the human body and can to national authorities to adopt these
trigger liver and pancreatic cancer. international standards to protect their citizens
In 2011, the World Health Organization’s Inter- against adverse levels of radio wave exposure.
national Agency for Research on Cancer classi- They should restrict access to areas where
fied wireless radiations from cell phones, baby exposure limits may be exceeded.
monitors, tablets, cell towers, radar, WiFi etc. France has banned all wireless devices,
as Class 2B carcinogens. This Class 2B carcin- including cell phones from all public schools
ogen classification applies to appliances with starting September 2018, and California
an operating frequency ranging from 30 kHz to Public Health is actively educating their public
300 GHz. This means all this while, as we were regarding risk of harm from wireless radiation.
scrolling through online entertainment, we Even in India, several eminent scientists have
have been sitting on a ticking time bomb. begun a crusade to caution the Government
With the rapid growth of mobile phone devic- against the roll-out of 5G technology-based
es in the market, technology has developed services in the country.
in such a way that it has ended up creating a We can make smarter choices about the way
horrifying situation for the human body. The we use technology by making changes in
normal biological systems of the human body our everyday usage patterns. For instance,
have not developed in any way to adapt to or adults carrying cell phones (and other
protect against harmful radio waves. wireless devices) can either turn off the device
This has led to a rise in serious ailments such or convert device to ‘airplane mode’ when
as diseases of brain like cancer, brain tumours, servicing or interacting with children and
Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and pregnant mothers.

Precautionary measures for adults include (b) The passage suggests that adults
increasing the distance, duration and should limit their use of wireless
frequency of wireless device use; reducing devices to prevent potential health
multiple device use; and reducing exposure to risks.
high wireless radiation areas. By making minor
(c) The passage advises adults to ignore
modifications to our daily routines and habits,
international exposure guidelines and
we can try and minimise the harmful effects of
wireless technology. (750 words) continue using wireless technology
freely.
Answer the following questions based on
the above passage. (d) The passage encourages adults to
(A) How do the lines of the passage focus solely on the convenience of
contribute to the overall mood? wireless communication, disregarding
(a) Positive and optimistic about the any associated health concerns. 1
convenience of wireless technology. (H) Complete the following appropriately.
(b) Neutral, providing information By making use of the word ‘harmful
without expressing a specific mood. effects’ in ‘By making minor modifications
(c) Concerned and cautionary about to our daily routines and habits, we can
the potential health risks of wireless try and minimise the harmful effects of
technology. wireless technology’, one can infer that
(d) Nostalgic and reflective about the ............................ . 1
historical development of wireless
(I) Complete the following appropriately.
communication. 1
(B) Analogize the impact of wireless If the title, Incredible Benefits of Wireless
communication on society to a Technology for Health and Happiness
double-edged sword. 2 is given to this passage, it would be
an inappropriate title, as compared
(C) What potential flaw in the author's
argument can be identified concerning to "Addressing Health Concerns in
the health risks of wireless technology? Wireless Technology Usage" because
(a) The passage provides insufficient ............................ . 1
evidence to support the claim of (J) State whether the given assertion is
health risks. TRUE or FALSE.
(b) The author fails to acknowledge any The passage suggests that international
benefits of wireless technology. exposure guidelines for radio frequency
(c) The passage lacks clarity on the fields are unnecessary and should be
historical development of wireless
disregarded by national authorities. 1
communication.
(d) The author exaggerates the severity 2. Read the passage given below:
of health issues associated with The next time you take printouts unnecessarily
wireless signals. 1 or you throw a paper into the bin, think for a
(D) After which paragraph of the story, minute as to how many trees have been felled
would the following paragraph most to manufacture something you use so often
likely be placed? every day.
Set specific times for using devices and
Can you take out some time from your
encourage breaks for physical activity or
everyday routine and devote it to starting a
face-to-face interactions. 1
simple recycling programme at your school or
(E) Briefly explain (in 30-40 words) any two
your neighbourhood? Not only would you save
elements that classify the passage as
our planet from the torture of felling greenery,
expository passage. 2
but you would also reduce generation and
(F) Substitute the underlined word in the dumping of waste into the environment.
following sentence with a word/ phrase
from paragraphs 1, that means the Using recycled paper conserves natural
same. resources. As our worldwide population
“Despite being challenged by limited grows, the strain on these resources becomes
resources, the team worked diligently to even greater. You can drastically reduce the
complete the project on time." 1 number of trees cut down for manufacturing
(G) What is the most significant lesson paper. In addition to saving landfill space, you
adults can learn from the passage? cut down on your expenses of trash-disposal.
(a) The passage emphasizes the benefits There is a reduction in air pollution caused due
of wireless technology, urging adults to incineration. Making paper from discards
to embrace it without concern. instead of trees not only saves forests, but
it also reduces energy use by up to three (c) Using electronic devices excessively
quarters and requires less than half as much (d) Starting a paper recycling program
water. Items that are made of paper and without proper planning 1
may be recycled are called the loose paper, (D) After which paragraph of the passage,
a few examples are paper bags, envelopes, would the following paragraph most
cardboard, wrapping paper, soft-cover books, likely be placed?
magazines, newspapers and cardboard egg- Over time, this habitual commitment will
trays. transforms into a sustainable lifestyle and
A paper-recycling programme gives a positive our world would become a better place. 1
image to large corporations or business (E) Briefly explain (in 30-40 words) any two
organisations. Parents can teach their children elements that classify the passage as
the importance of recycled paper by bringing Environmental Awareness and Advocacy
about simple changes in their lifestyle. Schools Text. 2
can also train students to make paper products (F) Substitute the underlined word in the
like folders, penholders, material for the following sentence with a word/ phrase
display board, lampshades, teaching/learning from paragraph 3, that means the same.
aids, etc. Students can creatively make their The decrease in biodiversity is a concerning
own cards, files, folders, invitation cards and issue with respect to nature. 1
certificates for the school. Working on a paper (G) What is the most significant lesson
recycling plant demonstrates the concept of readers can learn from the passage?
recycling waste into ‘wealth’. The real success (a) The importance of avoiding all paper
of such programmes is visible in the seemingly usage
simple acts like students exchanging books in a (b) The need to start a paper
new academic session, indirectly saving paper manufacturing business
and thereby, trees. This is amazing that only (c) The environmental impact of paper
a single sheet is saved by each child, 40,000 consumption and the benefits of
trees could be saved per year by students only. recycling
Learning the facts about recycling paper (d) The insignificance of individual
will help you as you fulfil your part to keep actions in environmental
the environment green. If we keep our minds conservation 1
focused on the desire to be friendly to our (H) Complete the following appropriately
earth and her resources, recycling will become Based on the statement, “Parents can
important. After a while, we will be in the teach their children the importance of
habit of recycling the paper that we use in the recycled paper by bringing about simple
course of a given day. changes in their lifestyle” one can infer
(403 words) that ……………………………. 1
Answer the following questions based on (I) Complete the following appropriately
the above passage. If the title, “The Advantages of Increasing
Paper Usage for Economic Growth" is
(A) According to the passage, what positive
given to this passage, it would be an
outcome is associated with students
inappropriate title, as compared to
exchanging books in a new academic
"Promoting Environmental Awareness
session? through Paper Recycling" because
(a) Increased paper waste ……………………………. . 1
(b) Indirectly saving paper and trees (J) State whether the given assertion is
(c) Higher expenses for educational TRUE or FALSE.
institutions The passage asserts that individuals can
(d) Escalation of deforestation 1 contribute significantly to environmental
conservation by adopting simple
(B) List two ways, how starting a recycling
practices, such as recycling paper and
program is analogous to reducing waste?
reducing waste, thereby promoting a
2 sustainable and eco-friendly lifestyle. 1
(C) According to the passage, what mistake
could individuals make in their daily
routine regarding paper consumption? Non Continuous Passage Qs
(a) Avoiding printouts altogether 3. Read the following graph displaying the
(b) Throwing paper into the bin without statistical data of deforestation in Colombian
consideration Amazon.

Deforestation in the Colombian Amazon
199
200, 000
Primary Forest 172
Total Forest 154
150, 000
123
107
Hectares
10, 0000
72
58
50, 000
36
2015 2016 2017 2018

Answer the following questions based on the
above graph.
(A) Identify the most likely reason behind
the rate of deforestation in total forest in (I)
2018. 2
(B) How much has changed overall between
the first and fourth assessment years in
terms of primary and total forest cover? (II)
(a) 118 vs 141 (b) 36 vs 199
(c) 58 vs 199 (d) 58 vs 154 1
(C) By 2018, how many hectares of the entire
forest area had been lost? 1
(D) Select the correct option to fill the blank
and complete the analogy.
………………….. : predominant:: area: hectare (III)
(a) primary (b) total
(c) secondary (d) initial 1
(E) What will be the main effects of
deforestation on Earth, as determined
by your understanding of the provided
(IV)
graph? 2
(F) Using the data in the table as a guide,
We can deduce that the year Options:
.................... shows the maximum rate of (a) (I) , (II) , (IV) (b) (I) , (II) , (III)
deforestation. 1 (c) (IV), (III) , (I) 1
(G) Describe why scenario (III) most closely
matches the cause of deforestation. 4. Read the given table, giving a brief
(I) Conversion of forests for pasture for description about Hiking and Trekking.
land grabs or cattle ranching is one of
the primary causes of deforestation in Feature Hiking Trekking
the area. Overview A leisurely walk in A more strenuous
(II) Growth in the number of people nature, typically and immersive
(III) A greater demand for land due to on established outdoor adventure,
human needs for pasture, agriculture, trails, ranging often involving
building homes, roads, and other from short day hikes multiple days of
forms of transportation, as well as to longer over- backpacking, camp-
cattle rearing. 1 night excursions. ing, and navigating
(H) Select the option that correctly matches remote wilderness
the impact of deforestation. areas.
Environmental G e n e r a l l y May have a (a) memorable experience
Impact considered to have slightly higher (b) swift Run
a lower environm e n t a l (c) remote Exploration
environmental impact due to
(d) strenuous Journey 1
impact due to the the potential for
use of established more off-trail (E) Based on duration and trails, why is
trails and limited travel, camping, hiking most likely to be the preferred
off-trail exploration. and waste adventure sport? 1
generation in (F) Using the data in the table as a guide,
remote areas. complete the following sentence.
Both follow a
Hiking is generally considered to have a
‘leave no trace’
policy lower environmental impact because of
………………………….. . 1
Equipment Basic hiking Specialised trekking
(G) Determine the "leave no trace policy's"
gear, including equipment,
sturdy footwear, such as a sturdy objective in relation to hiking and
comfor table backpack, tent, trekking based on the provided option.
clothing, a sleeping bag, Give a brief justification of the policy's
backpack, water cooking gear, need.
bottle, and and appropriate (a) The 'Leave no Trace Policy' aims to
snacks, may clothing for varying lessen the effect of human activity on
suffice for shorter weather conditions, the environment.
hikes. is essential for
longer treks. (b) The 'Leave no Trace Policy' aims to
erase the painful memories of the
Worldwide Hiking trails and Trekking trip.
Difference opportunities are destinations tend
(c) The 'Leave no Trace Policy' aims
widely available to be more
to help with planning and packing
across the globe, concentrated in
ranging from mountainous hiking and trekking gear. 1
well-maintained regions and remote (H) Choose the option that displays the
national parks to areas, offering a correct trail for trekking.
remote wilderness more challenging
areas. and immersive
wilderness
experience.
(a)
Answer the following questions, based on
the table above.
(A) Identify the category of people who are
most likely to choose hiking. 2
(B) Based on the passage, why might trekking
have a slightly higher environmental
impact than hiking?
(a) Trekking involves shorter durations. (b)
(b) Hiking trails are often more
challenging.
(c) Trekking may involve more off-trail
travel and camping.
(d) Hiking generates more waste in
established trails. 1 (c)
(C) According to the passage, what two
benefits are associated with trekking
destinations? 2
(D) Select the correct option to complete the
analogy. (d)
hiking: leisurely walk:: trekking: ...................
1

For detailed explanations of all the Objective Qs, scan the QR code given at the end of the chapter
1. (A) (b) The information intensifies the feeling of (D) The paragraph "The bad times made me
isolation and despair. reflect on my business and I thought of
(B) (1) Similar to the constant flow of a river, choosing a different option" would likely
the stages of grief progress naturally, be placed after Paragraph 4 in the story.
moving from shock to acceptance. In Paragraph 4, the passage mentions the
(2) Like a river shaping the land it passes standstill of tourism in Jibhi Valley during
through, grief shapes and transforms the 2020-21 pandemic and lockdown.
the individual's emotional landscape (E) The passage narrates the author's personal
over time.
journey, including leaving the Indian Army,
(C) (c) To illustrate how mourning rituals returning to their hometown, and starting
contribute to coping with loss. a guesthouse in Jibhi Valley. Moreover, It
(D) (b) After the paragraph discussing the reflects the author's experiences, emotions,
relief from pain and negative feelings. and reflections, particularly during the
(E) The passage outlines distinct phases of renovation and the challenges faced,
grief, offering guidance on navigating the providing a personal and autobiographical
emotional journey. Furthermore, it provides touch to the narrative.
insights into cultural mourning rituals,
suggesting practical coping mechanisms. (F) The underlined word can be replaced with
the word exposure.
(F) The word "comfort" can be replaced with
"peace", as they have similar meanings. (G) (b) The necessity of diversifying business
(G) (d) Acknowledging and coping with grief options.
is an essential part of coming to terms (H) the local community initially doubted the
with loss. author's potential for success in starting
(H) there can be a variability in the duration tourism in Jibhi Valley.
of the phase of grief relief, according to (I) the former emphasizes negativity and
different people and their way of tackling failure, while the latter accurately captures
situations. the positive and transformative aspects of
(I) the passage primarily focuses on the the author's journey.
complexities of grief, not joyful moments.
(J) True
(J) True
3. (A) (b) Tension and conflict
2. (A) (d) The setting evokes a sense of nostalgia,
connecting the narrator's experiences (B) The disappointment felt by Timmy towards
with their native place. the end of the story is analogous to
starting a new life as both involve facing
(B) The author felt pleasure in preserving
originality while adapting for a new the consequences of one's actions and
purpose and eagerness to share a beloved both require a change in behaviour and
place with others. attitude.
(C) (b) Unregulated construction and rapid (C) (a) Not trying to know the reason behind
development. Timmy’s actions
(D) The given line “He wanted to explain why (H) (c)
he had stolen the pen but he feared that
the teacher would inform his parents.”
should occur at the end of the second
paragraph when the author has claimed
that Timmy had nothing to say in response
to his teacher’s question. 5. (A) An architect with a keen interest in
(E) The story can be considered as an Indian royal architecture is most likely to
inspirational one as Sammy’s act of visit Jaipur. Jaipur is known as the "Pink
forgiving Timmy teaches us that we City" and boasts attractions like Hawa
should give everyone second chances Mahal, City Palace, and Amer Fort, which
in life. Moreover, Timmy’s potential for
showcase splendid examples of Indian
redemption highlights that people can
royal architecture.
change if given an opportunity.
(F) They had great pity for the flood victims. (B) (a) Udaipur
(G) (d) The consequences of jealousy (C) Agra is called the 'The Taj City' because it
(H) he is highly praised and recognized for his is home to the iconic Taj Mahal, a symbol
achievements. of eternal love. The Taj Mahal was built by
(I) the latter captures the theme of Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife
redemption and personal growth as given Mumtaz Mahal.
in the passage and Sammy didn’t inflict (D) Hawa Mahal
any punishment on Timmy after knowing (E) Among the listed destinations, Varanasi
the truth.
is believed to offer the most enriching
(J) False
cultural experience. Varanasi, known as
4. (A) In the year 2001, DVD Players had a high the "Spiritual Capital of India," is steeped in
ownership percentage of 29.30%, indicating history and traditions.
a relatively newer technology at that time. (F) iconic landmarks such as the Taj Mahal,
Consumers might have been curious about Agra Fort, and Sikandra Fort.
the advantages of DVD players over other
options, prompting them to ask more 'why' (G) (c) Beaches, Churches, and Markets
questions before making a purchase. (H) (b) A-4; B-3; C-1; D-2
(B) (b) VCRs
6. (A) In the given conversation, it's more likely
(C) The product that showed a u-turn in the
that the HR Manager, Rohan, would be the
year 1998, based on the data provided, is
one asking "why" questions. Asking "why"
DVD Players. The ownership percentage
for DVD Players increased significantly questions helps HR Managers understand
from 2.30% in 1997 to 5.80% in 1998. the candidate's motivations, career goals,
(D) (a) Television and decision-making criteria.
(E) Television is a major source of (B) (b) limitless learning opportunities
entertainment, providing a wide range (C) (1) Rohan might be expressing that Kritika's
of programs, shows, movies, and sports skills and experiences align well with
events. It caters to diverse interests the requirements of the position at ABC.
and preferences, offering a platform for
relaxation and leisure. (2) The "excellent" response could also
indicate that Kritika's description of her
(F) of their widespread adoption and utility in
households. current role fits well with the kind of
work environment or company culture
(G) Scenario (2) "Users have assessed a
product's usefulness and longevity" best that ABC values.
illustrates the consumer's attitude toward (D) (c) e-mail
consumer durables. This scenario suggests (E) Three questions that may be asked can be:
that consumers are actively evaluating the
(1) Can you give a brief of a situation
practical aspects of a product, such as how
when you had to deal with a difficult
useful it is in their daily lives and how long
it will last. This indicates a more thoughtful customer?
and pragmatic approach to purchasing (2) Can you describe a challenging
consumer durables. technical problem you've solved in the

past, and what steps did you take to
(H) (c)
resolve it?
(3) Will you be comfortable devoting extra
hours in case of too much work?
(F) her qualifications, relevant experience, and
potential suitability for the position.
(G) (d) The HR was persuaded that Kritika
possesses a solid background and skill
set.

7. (A) Milkha Singh was excited, anxious and (1) Both involve a sense of disappointment
happy at the same time because it was the that reality didn't live up to their
first time that he was flying to Australia expectations.
for the first time, he had never experienced (2) In both cases, they may have had high
sitting in an aeroplane earlier. hopes for what they would experience,
(B) None among them except for Mary Lila only to find that it was not as exciting
Rao had flown earlier. or satisfying as they had hoped.
(C) The bright lights, strange sounds from the (C) (a) She was too focused on finding evidence
surroundings and the never-ending rush of of the paranormal.
the people made the atmosphere of Santa (D) After paragraph 2
Cruz seem unreal. (E) Elements that classify the story as scary
(D) The two reasons that were responsible for are:
Milkha’s worry or confusion : (1) Suspense: The story creates a sense of
(1) He did not have his bedding and food unease and tension through its use of
with him. foreshadowing, eerie descriptions, and
(2) He was concerned whether the plane unexplained phenomena.
would be able to take off with so many (2) Eerie atmosphere: The hotel setting
people or not. contributes to the overall sense of fear
(E) The huge monster was the aeroplane and dread, with its dilapidated and
which was waiting for all the passengers. abandoned state.
(F) It was the first time that he entered such (F) frozen with fear (paragraph 5)
a massive and luxurious hotel. He was (G) (b) The need to be more sceptical of the
fascinated by the hospitality because he supernatural.
belonged to a village and was a simple (H) in a state of disrepair and neglect
village boy who never experienced such (I) it makes assumptions about the presence
treatment. or absence of ghosts unlike the appropriate
(G) The air-hostess had to help Milkha Singh title ‘The Unsettling Encounter at the
because he got terrified and thought that Abandoned Hotel’, which accurately
he was in danger. Due to this, he tried to reflects the events of the story, indicating
fasten his seat belt by himself but failed. a spooky and unsettling experience at an
(H) Milkha Singh had butterflies in his stomach abandoned hotel.
while the flight took off and he was scared (J) False
because it was his first experience, this
9. (A) Uncle Ken insisted the writer to choose the
made him pray to his God.
zigzag way while they were on a walk.
(I) The figure of speech that has been used
(B) When Uncle Ken was chased away from
in para-1 is a simile. The phrase ‘just like a
the field of an irate man, his hat flew off.
child’ is an example of simile.
(C) Uncle Ken reacted to his hat flying off by
8. (A) (c) It adds to the suspense in the story. not seeing the lighter side at that moment.
(B) Two Ways the disappointment that Drishti (D) The narrator’s belt entangled with a fellow
and her friends felt after their ghost hunt passenger’s luggage, due to which the
is analogous to the feeling of waking up narrator quietly sat at the book festival to
from a dream are: keep his belt out of trouble.
(E) The ‘property’ is referred to the book that 12. (A) The changing ways of life of our peers
the man had with him. tend to bring changes in our way of
(F) The girl complained the narrator that the looking at life and leading it. It is a human
ghosts in his stories are too funny. tendency to follow the crowd and behave
in the same manner, hence peers do affect
(G) The narrators’s friend Jimmy discovered
our way of living.
that he was a Jinn and could elongate his
arms at his will. (B) It is obvious to get with the flow of peer
pressure but courage is required when
(H) The narrator had a life that he enjoyed
it is about resisting peer pressure and
every small moments of happiness and
maintaining their own identity.
been able to laugh when needed.
(C) The two factors that help us gain from peer
(I) The word in paragraph 3 that means the
pressure:
same as 'harmless' is 'benign.'
(1) It helps us to analyse and contemplate
10. (A) The author was reluctant to make a two- the way of leading life.
hour journey because it was a bleak, rainy (2) Observing the common behaviours
day, and driving up the winding mountain of others can be a valuable tool in
road seemed unappealing. improving your own life. By learning
(B) Carolyn said, "This is a detour," when they from those around us, we can make
had been on the mountain road for ten positive changes to our mindset and
minutes, which was longer than the three behaviour, leading to a better life.
minutes Carolyn initially mentioned. (D) The two characteristics of teenagers are:
(C) (b) of the black-green evergreens towering (1) At this age, children tend to spend
over them. maximum time with their friends, which
(D) The place had a beautiful panoramic view results in copying the behaviour, likes
as described in the passage: "From the top and dislikes of each other.
of the mountain, sloping for several acres (2) It is the phase of beginning to become
across folds and valleys, were rivers of independent in life; it is the duration
daffodils in radiant bloom." when one develops ideals and principles
and shapes one’s personality.
(E) The narrator's mind was filled with
questions about who created such (E) During teenage, children tend to spend
beauty, why, and how, as mentioned in their maximum time with their adolescent
the passage: "A riot of questions filled my friends which creates a strong influence on
mind." teenagers and they usually tend to copy
their peers.
(F) fascinated or moved by the experience.
12.2 (A) following peers blindly
(G) True
(B) distinction between positive and negative
(H) (d) that there is a huge world of possibilities. peer pressure
(I) The word from Paragraph 1 that means (C) positive change in the way of life.
the same as 'Cheerless and gloomy' is
12.3 (A) Influence
"bleak."
(B) Distinction
(J) (a) Dangerous
(C) Succumb
11. (A) (a) To make loud noise
13. (A) The Swachh Bharat Mission was launched
(B) The panther avoids open spaces, while on the birth anniversary of Mahatma
game animals deliberately seek them. Gandhi on 2nd October 2014. This mission
(C) (b) It goes away aims to eradicate open defecation and
(D) The chital strikes a shrill note, the kakar make streets and infrastructure clean by
emits a deafening bark, and the sambar 2nd October 2019.
rings a bell. (B) Every citizen of the country participated
(E) The panther stalks its prey closely and then in the Swachh Bharat Mission. From
rushes at it at lightning speed. celebrities to politicians, local community
centres, and government officials, all the
(F) suspicion
citizens contributed towards making India
(G) (b) Amazement clean.
(H) clever attack and skilful defence. (C) The two components of the Swachh Bharat
(I) condemning the panther. Mission are the urban component and the
(J) False rural component. The urban component

is being managed by The Union Ministry (II) She can take part in any competetive
of Urban Development of SBM, while the exam because she has scored 95 and
rural component is managed by the Union above in subjects like english , science
Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation. and maths which is the main topic for
(D) The aim of the mission is to eradicate open all exams.
defecation, and promote sanitation and (E) Nature
hygiene practices. (F) more creative
(E) The cost that is estimated to clean India’s (G) In situation (III) Ravi, instead of being
cities and villages is around ` 62,009. jealous or sorrowful for not winning the
Particularly women who are exposed to competition takes the situation positively
huge health hazards and sexual assault and congratulates the other team with a
due to defecation in the open will benefit positive mindset.
from this mission. (H) (c) Mohan can convince others with valid
13.2 (A) making India clean points and facts.
(B) 2019
16. (A) Aryan is likely to ask many "why" questions.
(C) cause of concern
(B) Rohit
13.3 (A) access
(C) Sanya’s motto "Service before self" shows
(B) cleanliness campaigns
a commitment to helping others, which
(C) eradicate is essential for promoting mental health
14. (A) The factors that help young people decide and well-being. Her co-curricular activities
on their careers are aptitude, counselling in the social service club and drama club
and financial resources. demonstrate a desire to work with others
and address important issues.
(B) Some youngsters set goals that are
unrealistic and have a wrong attitude Her co-curricular activities in the social
which leads to disillusionment and service club and drama club demonstrate
unhappiness. a desire to work with others and address
important issues.
(C) The best time to choose a career is when a
student is at the high school level instead (D) Ananya
of going for higher studies aimlessly. (E) Rajat the most likely to be a collaborative
(D) Financial resources play an important role worker because of his personal qualities
in choosing a career. The lack of funds of being a team player and an adaptable
makes an individual opt for a more humber person.
course than the one those are expensive. (F) His drawback is procastination which
14.2 (A) right and timely choice of career means that he may struggle with
completing tasks on time.
(B) worse situation
(G) The second situation (II) aligns with
(C) Financial resources
Ananya's motto because she actively
14.3 (A) counselling listens to her team members and
(B) ambitious provides support, ultimately helping
(C) financial resources them to succeed by leading through
her actions and setting a positive
15. (A) Raghu example. The first situation does not align
(B) (b) App Developer with this motto because Ananya is not
(C) Painting beautiful portraits can provide him actively participating in the project herself,
with a sense of peace. which is not leading by example. The third
(D) (I) Lata's actions are base don accurate situation also does not align with this
calcualtions because coding requires motto because Ananya is delegating tasks
proper clacualations of codes to form to others and not actively participating
something or yield a result and she in the fundraising effort, which is also not
has an interest in coding. Also, she has leading by example.
scored 100 marks in maths. (H) (d) (1) - (iii) , (2) - (iv) , (3) - (i)
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6. Write an email to the Principal of a
E-mail 3 marks neighbouring school, inviting him/her to
1. You are Nidhi Bansal, a student of class send their candidates to attend the fete/
XI. Write an email to your class teacher carnival.
requesting a leave due to personal reasons. 7. You are Raj Sinha, a student of class XI. Write
2. You are Smriti Khanna, a student of class an email to your class teacher to inquire
XI. Write an email to your class teacher
requesting for a subject change. about the bus timings for the upcoming
3. Write an email to your mathematics teacher school year.
expressing your interest in participating in 8. Send an email to your school's principal
an upcoming math competition and seeking asking permission for a three-people team
guidance on how to prepare for it effectively. to take part in the quiz competition.
4. You are Ramesh Gupta, father of Ahem
Gupta of class X-A. Write an e-mail to the
9. Write an e-mail to the school administration
class teacher of DPS, Noida, requesting suggesting improvements to the school
them to arrange for a student counsellor in cafeteria menu, keeping in mind health and
the school, emphasizing the importance of hygienic conditions. You are Shivani Asiwal,
counselling for teenagers in today's world. Class X - B.
5. You are Roshni of class X- B . Write an e-mail
10. You are Alia Malhotra, Head girl of DPS,
to your maths teacher to arrange extra
classes for maths for the entire class during Rohini. You wish to connect to the Principal
assembly time since your class was not able for a school trip for classes X and XI. Write an
to cope up with the topics. e-mail to the Principal regarding the same.

12. As the school Head Girl, write an email, in
E-mail 3 marks about 50 words, to the Teacher Coordinator,
11. As Aarushi, a student of Class IX, write an Student Enrichment Activities of your school,
informing her/him of the need to schedule
email, in 50 words, to the Principal of your
transport for the participants of the inter-
school, requesting him / her for a change school dance competition, at the mandated
of your section from IX - A to IX - B. Include venue. Include a reason why you would need
a reason why you desire the change. You a smaller vehicle instead of the school bus.
may copy the given template to write your You may copy the given template to write
e-mail. your email.
From: From:
To: To:
Cc: SSC@xyzschool.com Cc: transportoffice@gkschool.com
Date: April 10, 52024, 07 : 05 PM Date: Sept 10, 2023, 07:03 PM
Subject: Subject:
[CBSE 2024] [CBSE SQP 2023]
Email Writing 27
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2. Write an email, addressed to the class
E-mail
teachers of the School for classes IX to
1. Write an email to the Principal of a XII, regarding their meeting with the
neighbouring school, inviting him/her Disciplinary Department, to discuss the
along with their teachers to get vaccinated
ways to make sure that the students
for COVID-19 at the vaccination drive that
is being organised by your school on the follow School rules and maintain decorum.
occasion of 'Teachers' Day'. 3 3

1. From: nidhibansal@gmail.com 3. From: rohankapoor@gmail.com
To: classXI_teacher@gmail.com To: classIX_teacher@gmail.com
Cc: principal123@gmail.com Cc: principalabc@gmail.com
Date: 9 May, 20XX, 01:05 PM Date: 9 September, 20XX, 05:00 PM
Subject: Leave Request due to Personal Subject: Inquiry Regarding Participation in
Reasons Math Competition
Respected Madam, Respected Madam,
I hope this email finds you in good health. I am
I hope this email finds you well. I am writing
writing to request a five-day leave from school,
to express my keen interest in participating
from 6 December, 20XX to 11 December, 20XX.
in the upcoming math competition. I would
My absence is due to my obligation to attend
greatly appreciate your guidance on how to
my cousin's wedding. prepare effectively for this competition. Could
I would appreciate your consideration and a you please recommend specific topics or
positive response. areas of focus that I should prioritise during
Warm regards, my preparation? Additionally, any advice on
Nidhi Bansal study materials or practice resources would be
immensely helpful.
Class XI
I look forward to your valuable guidance and
2. From: smritikhanna_classXI@gmail.com support as I prepare for the math competition.
To: classXIteacher@gmail.com Warm regards,
Cc: principal@gmail.com
Rohan Kapoor
Date: 9 June, 20XX, 07:03 PM
Class XI
Subject: Request for Subject Change
Respected Madam, 4. From: rameshgupta42@gmail.com
I hope this email finds you in good health. I
To: kanha34@gmail.com
am writing to request a change in my subject Cc: principaldps@gmail.com
for the upcoming academic year. After careful Date : 12 May, 20XX, 02:04 PM
consideration, I believe that switching from
Subject: Request for Student Counsellor
science to commerce without mathematics
Respected Sir
would align with my academic goals.
Please let me know the steps I should follow I am Ramesh Gupta, father of Ahem Gupta
fro the same. Thank you for your time and from Class X-A. In today's complex world,
assistance in advance. teenage students require counselling for their
mental and emotional well-being. I urge you
Warm regards,
to arrange for a student counsellor at DPS,
Smriti Khanna Noida, to provide guidance and support to our
Class XI children.
Email Writing 29
Your attention to this matter is crucial . I really need your help in this matter so that
Warm regards I can start the new school year without any
difficulty.
Ramesh Gupta
Warm regards,
5. From: roshnijain2@gmail.com Raj Sinha
To: misskria34@gmail.com Class XI
Cc: principalqms@gmail.com 8. From: students@gmail.com
Date : 11 May, 20XX, 11:04 AM To: principal@bhairavschool.com
Subject: Request for Maths Extra Classes Cc: abc@gmail.com
Respected Madam Date 10 April, 20XX, 12:04 PM
I hope this email finds you well. I am Roshni Subject: Request to send a team for Inter-
from Class X-B. Our class has been facing School Quiz Competition
challenges in keeping up with the recent topics Respected Madam,
in Maths. Many of us feel that extra classes I hope this email finds you in good health. I'm
during assembly time would greatly help us writing to inform you will be hosting an inter-
grasp the concepts better. school quiz competition on 16 April, 20XX in
the school's auditorium. I request you grant us
Could you please arrange for extra maths permission to organise a team so that we can
classes for the entire class during assembly confidently participate and win medals.
time? We assure you that we will bring laurels to our
We anticipate a positive response from you. school.
Warm regards With Regards,
Roshni Jain Ravi Saroha
X-B Head Boy
6. From: head_girl_qmschool@gmail.com 9. From: shivani16@gmail.com

To: principal_motherteresaschool@gmail.com To: administrator34@gmail.com
Cc: principalgmk@gmail.com
Cc: principal.qmschool@gmail.com
Date : 12 May, 20XX, 04:04 PM
Date: 7 December, 20XX, 06:08 PM
Subject: Suggestion for Improving School
Subject: Invitation to Send Candidates for Cafeteria Menu
School Fete Respected Sir
Respected Madam, I hope this e-mail finds you in great health. I
Our School is organising a fete to collect funds am Shivani Asiwal from Class X-B. I am writing
for helping the victims of the recent flood- to suggest enhancing the school cafeteria
hit areas of our state. I would like to extend menu with healthier options, catering to more
an invitation to the students of the school vegetarian meal options. Also, I request that
to participate in the fete. The fete will be strict hygiene standards in food preparation
organised on 17 December 20XX in the school should be followed for the well - being of the
campus from 10 am to 5 pm. students.
Your contribution to this noble cause will be I anticipate a positive response from you soon.
highly appreciated. Warm regards
Thanking you Shivani Asiwal
X-B
Yours faithfully,
Preeti Kumari 10. From: alia42@gmail.com
To: principal34@gmail.com
7. From: rajsinha@gmail.com Cc: classteacherX@gmail.com
To: classXI_teacher@gmail.com Date : 12 May, 20XX, 03:15 PM
Date: 19 June, 20XX, 05:10 PM Subject: Requesting for a school trip
Subject: Inquiry Regarding Bus Timings Respected Madam
Respected Madam, I hope this email finds you well. I am Alia
I hope this email finds you in good health. I'm Malhotra, the Head Girl of DPS, Rohini. I am
writing to ask about the bus schedule for the writing to discuss the possibility of organizing
next academic year. Would you kindly let me a school trip for students of Classes X and XI.
know the most recent bus schedule as well as Such trips offer valuable learning experiences
any pertinent information, like the locations for outside the classroom. It would also be a
pick-up and drop-off? great opportunity to students to de - stress

from all the academic projects they have been Thank you for your attention.
indulging in lately. Warm regards
I kindly request your consideration and Alia Malhotra
guidance regarding this matter. Head Girl

11. From: Arushikapoor@gmail.com 12. From: head_girl_gkschool@gmail.com
To: principalabc@gmail.com To: coordinator_cocurriculars_gkschool@gmail.
com
Cc: ssc@xyzschool.com
Cc: transportoffice@gkschool.com
Date: April 10, 2024, 07 : 05 PM
Date: Sept 10, 2023, 07:03 PM
Subject: Request for Section Change
Subject: Transport Arrangements for Inter-
Respected Madam, School Dance Competition
I hope this email finds you in good health. Dear Madam
I'm writing to ask if it would be possible to With regards to the upcoming inter-school
switch sections from class IX - A to IX - B for dance competition on 12 Sept. 2023, Friday, at
the following school year. This request is being the mandated venue, please find it convenient
made because the backbenchers in my class to schedule transportation for our team , from
are very noisy, which is interfering with my the school premises at 8.30 a.m. Our school's
participation is only in the senior category,
academic work.
with 6 students, hence, the mini-van would
I hope that you will understand my issue. suffice instead of the school bus.
Thank you for your time and consideration. Warm regards
Warm regards, Yours sincerely
Aarushi Kapoor Ratna Manjrekar
Class IX - A Head-Girl
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Email Writing 31
4. Yesterday, when you were alone in your
Description of a Person 4 marks house, you saw a thief in your drawing room.
1. Write a factual description, in not more than He had a gun in his hand and stole a couple of
100 words, based on the visual clue given things from your house and ran away. Write
a factual description of the thief in about 100
below.
words.
5. Write a factual description, in not more than
100 words, based on the visual clue given
below.
2. Write a factual description of your mother in

about 100 words using the information given

below.

l Age-40 years Description of an Object 4 marks

l Height-tall 6. Write a factual description of an outdoor

l Complexion-fair game that you enjoyed the most as a child,
in not more than 100 words.

l Appearance-beautiful
7. Write a factual description of a gift you

l Build-plump
received that was important to you, in about

l Education-Post graduate 100 words.

l Qualities-soft spoken, 8. Write a factual description of the washing

l Understanding and kind machine in your house, in 100 words.
3. Write a factual description of your favourite 9. Describe a piece of furniture in your home
and its material, style, and purpose in about
cartoon character, in about 100 words, based
100 words.
on the hints given below.
10. Write a description of a unique item from your

Name of the character; description; qualities; travels abroad and the culture it represents in
what do you like most about it? about 100 words.

12. Write a factual description, in not more
Description of an Object 4 marks
than 100 words, of a potted plant that you
11. Write as factual description, in not more than
100 words, of an English Notebook that you and your sibling recently chose, to gift your
have to submit to your teacher. [CBSE 2024] parent. [CBSE SQP 2023]
PUSH YOURSELF
Description of a Person Description of an Object

1. Write a factual description of your 3. Write a brief factual description of a
principal, in not more than 100 words. 4 surprise box that your younger sister has
made for you on your birthday, in not
2. Write a factual description of a woman you
more than 100 words. 4
saw yesterday in a cafe, while you were
waiting for your friend. Write in about 100
4. Write a factual description of a woman you
saw yesterday in a cafe, while you were
words. 4
waiting for your friend. Write in about 100
words. 4
Factual Descriptions 33
1. Mother Teresa height of around 5 feet 8 inches. He wore dark
This is the image of Mother Teresa. Mother clothes, like a black hoodie and jeans, and his
Teresa was one of the most admired women face was partly covered with a black mask. Even
of the 20th century. She was very frail and though I couldn't see all of his face, I noticed he
thin. She was 87 years old when she passed had a beard and dark eyes. In his right hand,
away on 5th September, 1997. She always he carried a small handgun, probably a pistol.
wore a smile on her face and had immense His calm and swift movements demonstrated
empathy for the poor. She served the people his expertise. He hurriedly grabbed a few items
of the slums in whatever way she could. She
from my residence and left. As he rushed off,
opened a dispensary and a home for the dying
destitute lying on the roadside. She gave love I also saw his dark footwear. He gave off the
and affection to the hungry, the naked, and all impression of being competent and eager to
those people who felt unwanted in society. She run away.
won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979.
5. Narendra Modi
2. My Mother Narendra Modi, India's Prime Minister, is
My mother is tall and fair. Even though she is known for his distinctive appearance. He
40 years old, she is very beautiful and active. typically wears traditional Indian attire
She has plump body and a strong build. She is like kurta-pyjama and often dons a Nehru
a postgraduate in economics and is a lecturer jacket. At the time of writing, he is in his
by profession. She is soft-spoken and patient.
seventies, with a height of around 5 feet
She listens to my problems patiently and
solves them. She's a very kind person, and goes 7 inches. Throughout his political career,
extra miles to help people. She is the best mom Modi has demonstrated traits of leadership,
in the world, and I love her very much. I thank tenacity, and good communication. He is well
God for blessing me with a mother like her. She known for his programs, which include the
has been the biggest source of motivation in cleanliness-focused Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
my life. and the growth-oriented Made in India. India's
prosperity and international relations have
3. My Favourite Cartoon been profoundly impacted by Modi's visionary
Jerry is the animated character I enjoy leadership and strong leadership.
watching the most. He is a mouse that
appears in “The Tom and Jerry” Show, which 6. My Favourite Outdoor Game
is my all-time favourite cartoon. Since I was a Cricket was one of my favourite outdoor
young child, I have watched that show. Jerry is
games when I was younger. We could turn
smaller than Tom, but he never gives up. This
is a result of Jerry constantly makes fun of any open area into a cricket ground with a
Tom because Tom is never able to catch Jerry bat, ball, and homemade stumps. It was made
red handed. Jerry is not afraid of the large cat extra special by the excitement of taking on
at all and plays many practical jokes on him. a bowler, the thrill of hitting a six, and the
Viewers assume that Tom will be able to get team spirit. We had so much fun playing,
rid of Jerry, but that isn't the case. This show is making up our own rules and celebrating each
so much fun, and Jerry never ceases to amaze wicket like it was the World Cup. In addition to
me. keeping us active, cricket also taught us about
sportsmanship, cooperation, and the pure joy
4. A Robber of playing outside. Those cricket matches are
The robber I observed yesterday was of still etched in my mind as idyllic times spent as
medium build and stood at a considerable a child.

7. An Important Gift 9. My Furniture
My uncle gave me one of the greatest gifts I We have a wooden study desk in our house. It
have ever received. It was a thin, black laptop is composed of solid oak wood that has been
with a 16-inch screen. It fits perfectly in my polished. The design is rectangular in shape
bag and weighs less than a kilogram. Its and has straight lines, giving it a beautiful yet
powerful processor and excellent graphic card plain look. To keep books, stationery, and other
study supplies organized, the desk features
will help me further my studies in graphic
many drawers and compartments. Its purpose
design. My laptop is a blessing because it lets is to offer a cozy and well-organized area for
me watch movies online without having to get writing, studying, and finishing tasks. Its dark
out of my cosy house. It also has a very high- colour complements my bed's colour scheme.
quality sound. With my laptop, I can do Internet The desk is a useful and beautiful piece of
searches, get academic support, and discover a furniture in our house because of its sturdy
wealth of new information. construction, which guarantees durability, and
its style, which goes well with the theme of our
8. A Washing Machine in My House study area.
A washing machine is a device used for cleaning
10. A Japanese Fan
dirty clothes. In contrast to other widely-used
I purchased a "uchiwa," a traditional Japanese
washing machines currently available in the fan, when I was in Japan. This handheld fan
market, my black top load washer is a fairly is made of paper and bamboo. The uchiwa
straightforward device, making use of pipes is beautifully adorned with detailed motifs
located near the tap to allow hot and cold that portray natural sceneries or traditional
water to enter, flow through the detergent emblems such as dragons or cherry blossoms.
tray, and flush the detergent into the machine. In Japanese culture, the uchiwa is worn
In addition, it allows the 30-minutes to 1-hour throughout the summer as a means of staying
cool as well as an artistic expression tool for
wash cycle which consists of a pre-wash cycle
festivals and traditional dances. It's a unique
that uses water to fill the washtub and shakes and culturally significant object from my
the machine to remove dirt, followed by a rest travels, symbolizing Japan's respect of nature,
period, rinsing, and spinning to remove all the creative labour, and the importance of staying
water. comfortable in warm weather.

11. My English Notebook it's a well-organised and comprehensive record
The English notebook that I'm submitting of my English learning.
to my teacher is neatly organised, with a 12. A Potted Plant
colourful cover and clear abeling. Inside, it
We recently chose a potted plant called the
contains my name, class, and roll number
Hibiscus as a gift for our mother. It was a
on the first page. Each lesson is divided into small shrub with a height of about 1.5 feet.
sections with headings and dates, making The leaves looked dark green, shiny, and
it easy to navigate. Exercises in grammar, had a slightly serrated edge. The plant had
comprehension, and creative writing are all several buds and appeared to be healthy and
included in the notebook, all of which have one large, fully blossomed deep-red flower
been neatly handwritten. I covered the cover which had five petals and a prominent central
with brown paper and glued phrases and stamen. The plant came in a small clay pot
cutouts of well-known individuals, like Sylvia with a diameter of about 10 inches .It had a
Plath, William Shakespeare, and poets. The simple yellow and red abstract design that
quotes motivate me to work harder. Overall, complemented the plant well.
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Factual Descriptions 35
4. You are Jiya, the incharge of tour and
Letter of Enquiry 7 marks excursion club of ABC Public School, New
Delhi. For the summer break, you are
1. After passing your Class X exam, you want
planning to organise a tour to a place of
to pursue vocational education in a technical
historical importance. Write a letter to the
trade because you come from a low-income
India Travel and Tour Agency, New Delhi,
family and need to start working as soon
enquiring about the charges, facilities and
as possible to support them. You've come
all the other necessary details. You may
across an advertisement for technical trades
take ideas from the MCB Unit 5: ‘Travel and
from a private ITI in the classified section of
Tourism’.
a newspaper. Send a letter of enquiry for
their brochure and other course details to
the ITI's principal. You may take ideas from Letter of Order 7 marks
the MCB Unit-2 'Education'. You are Kritika
5. Recently, you have realised that the girl child
Sahi of 14, Surajmal Road, Mumbai - 112003
in our country, in many villages is, still not
2. You recently visited Agra on a school allowed to pursue education but is expected
trip. When you visited the Taj Mahal, you to sit at home and get married. You want
were appalled to see the condition of the to change this, and hence have decided to
road outside the beautiful monument. order books on different subjects from the
The problem was the litter left behind Om Book Store and teach the children for
by visitors who had thrown about empty free. Write a letter to the owner of the book
water bottles and pieces of paper in the store regarding the same and also request
lanes. You have been prompted to organise an early delivery. You may take ideas from
a cleanliness drive. Write a letter of enquiry MCB Unit 2, 'Education'.
to the Agra Municipal Corporation regarding 6. Demand for EVs has grown remarkably
the availability of sweeping machines, over the past decade, thanks to heightened
volunteers and dump trucks. Also, enquire environmental concerns and increased cost
about their process for addressing and competitiveness. Keeping this in mind, write
resolving complaints about unclean roads. a letter of order to TESLA Indian Motors for
You are Anshul Jindal, residing in G-24 Budh placing an order for different electric vehicles
Vihar, Agra. You may take ideas from MCB for your new transportation store launch.
unit 4 ‘Environment’. You are Shikha, residing in house number 42,
Punjabi Bagh. You may take ideas from MCB
3. You are Riddhi, a student of class XII and
Unit 3, 'Science'.
resident of C7/1 Model Town, New Delhi,
and you want to be a badminton player. 7. You are Rama of 72, Vasant Vihar, New
Write a letter to the director of the National Delhi. You own a firm that supplies tools
Institute of Sports, Malviya Nagar, seeking and equipment for gardening at wholesale
information about their course, admission prices. Write a letter of order to Bharat
procedure, eligibility criteria, and other Gardening Company for ordering several
necessary details. You may take ideas from equipment. You may take ideas from MCB
Unit 1 : ‘Health and Medicine’. Unit 4, ‘Environment’.

8. You are Shiva of 82, Sangam Vihar, New the same. You are Shreya, residing in Lake
Delhi. Write a letter to OM Medicine Store, Society, Dehradun.
ordering herbal medicines that would lead
to better health and induce sleep. You may Letter to the Editor 7 marks
take ideas from MCB Unit 1 - ‘Health and
Medicine’. 13. You've noticed that instead of the opposite,
living in modern cities has forced people to
Letter of Complaint 7 marks adopt the habit of "late to sleep and late to
rise." As you become aware of the damage
9. Recently, a health advisory has been issued this does to an individual's health, write
regarding the medicine MEFTAL SPAS, which
a letter to the editor of a national daily
is commonly used by adults as painkillers.
However, while you were in a chemist shop, drawing attention to the issues at hand.
buying medicine for yourself, you saw the Yoy may take ideas from Unit-1 'Health and
owner of the shop selling MEFTAL SPAS to a Medicine'. You are Mohit/Meetika of 112,
student without a prescription. Write a letter Lawrence Road, South Ex, New Delhi.
of complaint to the concerned authorities
regarding the same. You are Ruhi, residing 14. The government has released statistics
in C-7/4 Mall Gate colony, New Delhi. You regarding the enrollment status of girls in
may take ideas from Unit 1, ‘Health and primary and upper primary schools, and
Medicine'. they are not improving much despite the
initiatives and provisions made for the
10. You have recently shifted to a new house girl child. Write a letter to the editor of a
in South Extension. It's been over a month
national daily, outlining your worries about
since you noticed your neighbour dumping
the situation and the necessity of taking
garbage outside your building. Despite
several reminders, they have been rigid in immediate action to address it. You may
their actions, and now you feel frustrated. take ideas from MCB Unit-2 'Education'. You
Write a letter of complaint to the health are Aashna Kapoor of C - 8/6 Ansal Plaza,
ministry regarding the same. You may take Lucknow.
ideas from MCB Unit 4, 'Environment'. You
are Rishabh, residing in C 8/9 Hauz Khas,
15. Travel and tourism play a significant role in
South extension. our lives. However, the rapid growth of the
tourism industry has also brought about
11. Write a letter of complaint regarding various challenges. Write a letter to the
violation of national integration principles in editor regarding encouraging responsible
your community. You may take ideas from travel practices. You may take ideas from
MCB Unit 6, 'National Integration.' You are
MCB Unit-5 'Travel and Tourism'.
Riya, residing in C-7/4 Mall Gate colony,
New Delhi. 16. Today's generation, as observed, does not
have a spirit of unity among them; rather,
12. You live in the beautiful city, Dehradun
which is also a popular tourist destination. they are always finding opportunities to
Recently, you have been witnessing many demean one another. Write a letter to the
tourists polluting the tourist places by editor raising concern regarding the same
throwing garbage. Write a letter to the and also suggesting solutions to promote
munipal corporation complaining regarding unity among young students.

18. You wish to join hobby classes during
Letter of Enquiry 7 marks summer break at Culture and Art Centre,
17. You are Raunaq/Ridhima of 57, Saket, Ambattur Road, Chennai. You wish to learn
Moradabad. You want to go to Lakshadweep instrumental music or an Indian dance.
Islands during your holidays. Write a letter Write a letter of enquiry (100 - 120 words)
to the Director, Manya Tours and Travels, to the Director asking about details like
Mumbai in 100 – 120 words seeking charges and timings and describing your
information about hotel accommodation, taste, experience etc. You are Sahil/Sahira,
holiday package, places of tourist interest, resident of 12 Fort Road, Chennai.
guided tours, etc. [CBSE 2019] [CBSE 2020]
Letter Writing 37
a letter in 100 – 120 words to the editor of
Letter to the Editor 7 marks
a local newspaper, drawing the attention of
19. In order to increase the green cover in their the local authorities, and also of the people
area, residents of Pioneer Housing Society, in general to take appropriate action to
Vinod Vihar, Delhi, planted saplings around make the city a better place to live in.
their residential complex and also along [CBSE 2020]
the road. As Secretary of the Society, write
a letter to the editor of a local newspaper 22. Vocational Education prepares learners
requesting him to highlight the initiative for jobs that are based on manual or
taken by your society and urge other practical activities. Taking ideas from the
residential complexes to launch similar unit 'Education,' along with your own ideas,
campaigns in their areas. You are Sugam/ write a letter to the editor of a newspaper
Sugandha. (100 – 120 words). [CBSE 2019] in about 120 words, providing information
to the students about the growing need of
20. The government has recently banned the Vocational Education in the present day
use of ‘single-use’ plastic items. This step
world. [CBSE 2024]
has been taken to improve the environment.
Plastic bags are swallowed by the cattle,
Letter of Order 7 marks
clog the drains and pollute the water bodies.
Write a letter in 100 – 120 words to the 23. Write a letter to the librarian, City Library, in
Editor of The National Times, Pune praising not more than 120 words, for purchase and
this move of the government and describe addition of popular fiction and non-fiction
how it will benefit society. You are Anil/ titles in Braille and also the intake of audio
Anita, 20, Church Road, Pune. [CBSE 2020] books, to promote inclusion. You are an NGO
21. You are Parth/Prerna. You have observed employee, from the same city. You may use
that there is a craze for keeping pet dogs. ideas from Unit 2: Education, along with
People take them out on roads for defecation your own ideas to write this letter.
causing nuisance on roads and streets. Write [CBSE SQP 2023]
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integration. Write a letter of complaint to

Letter to the Editor
the community leaders, expressing your
1. You recently went to the Gujarat Solar concerns and urging them to implement
Park, which is located in the Patan district's measures that encourage national
Charanka. You came to understand the integration. You are Shloka, residing in Fort
significance of solar energy as a long- Colony, Agra. You may take ideas from
term energy source. Write a letter to the MCB Unit 6, 'National Integration’. 7
editor of a national daily newspaper
emphasising the value of solar energy. Letter of Order
Use ideas from the MCB Unit-3 'Science'
and your own ideas. You are Lalit Shah of 3. You are Aryan/Aarna, proprietor of M/S
181/2, Mahatma Road, Vadodara. 7 Kapoor Surgicals, Pitampura, New Delhi.
Write a letter, placing an order for surgical
Letter of Complaint instruments that you wish to purchase for
2. You have recently become aware of your firm. Write a letter to the manager
the absence of national integration of M/S Healthy Life Surgicals, Rohini, New
initiatives in your community. Despite the Delhi, to ask them to send you the items
importance of fostering unity and harmony and also request a discount. You may
among diverse groups, there seems to take ideas from MCB Unit-1, 'Health and
be a lack of efforts to promote national Medicine'. 7

Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi asking for details for
Letter of Enquiry
the pilgrimage. You can ask details like tour
4. You are Mahesh / Madhu, a devotee of Lord cost, duration, health checkups required,
Shiva and want to go on a pilgrimage to accommodations available etc. You may
Kedarnath.Write a letter of enquiry to the take ideas from MCB Unit-5, 'Travel and
tourism department, Manikarnika Tourist Tourism'. 7
Letter Writing 39
1. 14, Surajmal Road I am planning a cleanliness drive and would
Mumbai - 112003 like to inquire about the availability of
3 May 20XX sweeping machines, volunteers, and dump
Shiva ITI trucks for this initiative. Additionally, I would
Mohan Nagar like to understand the process for addressing
and resolving complaints about unclean roads.
Mumbai - 580010
Many times, the citizens have written several
Subject: Enquiry for Technical Courses
letters regarding the issue but haven't received
Sir
any response.
Regarding the advertisement published in
You can arrange a call regarding the above
XYZ on 1st May, 20XX, I would like to know if
mentioned queries anytime on my contact
there are any openings for two-year technical
courses leading to the award of an ITI trade number - 9876XXXXX. I hope to receive a
certification. I am particularly interested in response from you soon. Thank you for your
courses in electronics and electrical trades, as time and assistance.
they are sure passports to jobs. Thanking you
I recently passed the Class X Board exams with Yours sincerely
first division, securing 88% marks. Since my
Anshul Jindal
family has no other sources of income and my
father works as a simple craftsman for a living, 3. C 7/1
I hope you are providing scholarships or tuition
Model Town
waivers for students.
New Delhi - 110009
I request you to send me your brochure at the
above-mentioned address. 3 May 20XX
Thanking you National Institute of Sports
Yours sincerely Malviya Nagar
Kritika Sahi New Delhi
2. G-24 Budh Vihar Subject: Inquiry Regarding Badminton Course
Agra Sir
2 January 20XX I hope this letter finds you in good health and
Agra Municipal Corporation high spirits. My name is Riddhi Sharma, and I
Agra - 110009 am a student currently pursuing my studies
Subject: Request for Materials for Cleanliness in class XII. I am writing to inquire about the
Drive courses offered at the National Institute of
Sir Sports, particularly in the field of badminton.
I hope this letter finds you in good health. I am I have a keen interest in badminton and aspire
Anshul Jindal, and I recently visited Agra on a to pursue it at a professional level. Could you
school trip. I was saddened to witness the litter kindly provide me with detailed information
on the roads outside the Taj Mahal. regarding the following:

Courses offered in badminton books on various subjects from your store.
Admission procedure, including the application Kindle send the following items at the above
process and entrance exams (if any) mentioned address.
Eligibility criteria
S.no Subject Grade Board Quantity
Any scholarships, financial aid, or sponsorship
opportunities available 1. English 1 CBSE 20
I would also appreciate it if you could send 2. Maths 1 CBSE 20
me any brochures, prospectuses, or additional
information that would help me gain a better 3. E.V.S 2 CBSE 30
understanding of the courses and facilities 4. Science 2 CBSE 34
offered at your institute.
I anticipate a response from you soon. 5. Value 2 CBSE 38
Thanking you Educa-
Yours sincerely tion
Riddhi Please ensure that all the books are properly
packed in a good condition to avoid any
4. ABC Public School damage to the covers. We would require all the
New Delhi new copies of the books and not used ones. I
12 May 20XX will be paying for this order by cash and also
The Manager please make sure to deliver my order before 17
March, 20XX. I hope I am eligible for a discount
India Travel and Tour Agency
of at least 15 % as I am ordering in bulk.
New Delhi
Thanking you
Subject: Enquiry regarding a tour to a historic
place Yours sincerely
Sir Abc
I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to 6. House No. 42
enquire about organizing a tour to a place of Punjabi Bagh
historical significance for our students during
the upcoming summer break. New Delhi - 110009
Could you please provide information on 2 January 2024
the tour packages available, including Tesla Indian Motors
transportation, accommodation, guided tours, Rajouri Garden
and any additional amenities? We would also New Delhi
appreciate details on group discounts and any
Subject: Order Placement for Electric Vehicles
special offers for students.
Sir
Thank you for your assistance. We look forward
to your prompt response. I hope this letter finds you well. I am excited
Thanking you to inform you about the launch of a new
transportation store in Punjabi Bagh.
Yours sincerely
Recognising the growing demand for electric
Jiya vehicles (EVs), I am interested in placing
5. House number-24 an order for different EV models from your
company. Kindly deliver the following to
Koramangala
‘Narang Auto Traders’
Bangalore - 110009
13 March 20XX S.no Name Model Colour Quantity
Om Book Store of the
brand
Koramangala
Bangalore 1. Kia 2023 Black 10
Subject: Request for Books to Promote Girl 2. Tata 2022 Red 11
Child Education Nexon
Sir
3. BMW 2023 Blue 8
I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing
to express my concern about the limited 4. Hyundai 2024 Grey 6
educational opportunities for the girl child Kowa
in many villages in our country. In an effort
5. Tesla 2023 Black 8
to address this issue, I have decided to order
Letter Writing 41
Kindly provide information about the available Subject: Order for Herbal Medicines
models, pricing, and delivery options at your Sir
earliest convenience. I will be paying by cheque I hope this letter finds you in good health. I am
and am also willing to make an advance writing to place an order for herbal medicines
payment. Also, please ensure that there is that would help improve my overall health and
no damage caused to any of the vehicles induce better sleep.
during transportation as it would be your After considering various options, I would like
responsibility in case of any damage or fault. to order the following herbal supplements:
I look forward to the possibility of a successful 4 Ashwagandha capsules for stress relief and
relaxation.
collaboration.
5 Brahmi tablets to promote better sleep.
Thanking you
7 Chamomile tea bags for calming effects and
Yours sincerely to aid in sleep.
Shikha I would appreciate it if you could provide
information on the availability, pricing, and
7. 72, Vasant Vihar
delivery options for these herbal medicines.
New Delhi Thank you for your attention to this matter.
12 May 20XX I look forward to receiving your prompt
Bharat Gardening Company response.
South-ex Thanking you
New Delhi Yours sincerely
Subject: Order for Gardening Tools Shiva
Sir 9. House No. 42

I hope this letter finds you well. I am a C-7/4
wholesale supplier of gardening tools and Mall Gate Colony
equipment based in New Delhi. My company, New Delhi
'Garden Green', has been serving the gardening 4 January 2024
community for several years. The Health Department
I am interested in placing an order for various Safdarjung Enclave
gardening tools and equipment from your New Delhi
esteemed company. I would like to order the
Subject: Unauthorised Sale of MEFTAL SPAS to
following items from your company:
Students
6 eco-friendly compost bins Sir
4 recycled plastic plant pots I hope this letter finds you in good health. I am
7 biodegradable gardening gloves writing to bring to your attention a concerning
6 solar-powered garden lights incident that I witnessed at a local chemist
shop in our area.
4 rainwater harvesting kits
On 2nd January, 2024, while purchasing
Please let me know the estimated delivery medicine for myself at Om Chemist Store,Hauz
time and mode of payment for the ordered Khas, I observed the owner selling MEFTAL
items. I am hoping that the goods will be given SPAS, a medication commonly used by
to us at a good price and that any defective adults as painkillers, to a student without a
products will be returned. prescription. This is a clear violation of health
Please feel free to contact us at 9876XXXX for regulations, and it raises serious concerns
any further clarification or assistance. about the well-being of our young population.
I kindly request the health department to
Thanking you
investigate this matter and take appropriate
Yours sincerely action against the chemist shop involved.
Rama Ensuring the proper dispensing of medicines
is crucial for the health and safety of our
8. 82, Sangam Vihar, community, especially our students.
New Delhi Thank you for your prompt attention to this
12 May 20XX matter.
OM Medicine Store Thanking you
Pahargang Yours sincerely
New Delhi Ruhi

10. C 8/9 Hauz Khas and cultural groups. Such acts of intolerance
South extension not only reinforce discrimination and prejudices
but also put up obstacles in the way of
New Delhi - 110009
meaningful communication and collaboration
4 January 2024 among community members.
The Health Ministry Hence, I urge you to initiate awareness
Government of India campaigns, educational programs, and
New Delhi - 110009 community outreach initiatives. Thank you for
your attention to this matter.
Subject: Complaint Regarding Unlawful
Yours sincerely
Garbage Dumping
Riya
Sir
I hope this letter finds you in good health. I am 12. Lake Society,
writing to bring to your attention a persistent Dehradun
issue that I have been facing since I moved 12 May 20XX
to my new house in South Extension. Despite The Municipal Corporation,
my repeated requests, my neighbours have
Dehradun
been consistently dumping garbage outside
our building, creating an unsanitary and Subject: Complaint Regarding Tourist Littering
unpleasant environment. Sir
I understand the importance of maintaining I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing
a clean and healthy living space. It is to bring to your attention a concerning issue
that has been affecting our beautiful city of
disheartening to witness such actions
Dehradun - the increasing problem of tourist
that directly impact the well-being of our
littering at our popular tourist destinations.
community.
As a resident of Dehradun, I have observed a
I kindly request the Health Ministry to intervene significant rise in the amount of garbage being
in this matter, investigate the situation, and irresponsibly discarded by tourists visiting our
take appropriate measures to ensure that the city. Despite the presence of trash bins and
residents in our area adhere to proper waste signs urging proper disposal, many tourists
disposal practices. seem to disregard these facilities and leave
Thank you for your prompt attention to this behind their waste, tarnishing the natural
issue, and I hope for a swift resolution. beauty of our surroundings.
Thanking you I urge you to take measures to address this
issue. Increasing the number of trash bins,
Yours sincerely implementing stricter enforcement of littering
Rishabh laws, and raising awareness among tourists
about the importance of responsible waste
11. C-7/4 disposal are some steps that could be taken to
Mall Gate Colony mitigate this problem.
New Delhi Thanking you
12 May 20XX Yours sincerely
The Concerned Authority Shreya
Model Town 13. 112, Lawrence Road
New Delhi South Ex
Subject: Complaint Regarding Violation of New Delhi
National Integration Principles 13 January 20XX
Sir The Editor
I hope you are well enough to receive this letter. The Times of India
I'm writing to convey how deeply concerned New Delhi - 110009
I am about our community's violation of the
Subject: Adequate Sleep Necessary for Good
principles of national integration.
Health
The foundation of our country's strength Sir
and unity is national integration. But recent
Through the columns of your esteemed
occurrences in our neighborhood have
newspaper, I wish to make everyone aware
brought to light disturbing examples of bias, of the harm that a lack of sleep can cause.
discrimination, and division that pose a threat Adequate sleep on a regular basis is a key
to the foundation of our society. to maintaining good health. Without it, we
One such instance happened at a neighborhood become susceptible to a variety of health
get-together when people made disparaging problems, including heart disease, obesity,
remarks about members of particular religious diabetes, stroke, depression, etc.
Letter Writing 43
Modern lifestyles in cities force people to say I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing
'late to sleep and late to rise’ instead of the to draw attention to an issue that is of utmost
other way around. It is well known that even if importance in today's context: responsible
we eat well and take adequate supplements, travel practices.
our immune systems can be compromised if Our lives are significantly impacted by tourism
we do not sleep enough. and travel. But the tourism sector's expansion
Thus, it is suggested that people ensure has also brought with it a host of problems,
that they get adequate sleep regularly for such as social inequality and environmental
continued good health. degradation. The effects of tourism on the
environment, including pollution, habitat
Thanking you destruction, and carbon emissions from
Yours truly transportation, are among the most critical
Mohit/Meetika concerns.
Safety and health precautions must also be
14. C - 8/6 Ansal Plaza given top priority in light of the COVID-19
Lucknow pandemic. To ensure safe and responsible
16 February 20XX travel, it's important to follow health
The Editor authorities' guidelines, practice social
distancing, and obey laws.
Navbharat Times
I believe that through this letter, people are
Delhi-110002 encouraged to promote responsible travel
Subject: Suggestions for Improving Enrollment practices.
of Girls in Schools Thanking you
Sir Yours sincerely
Through the columns of your esteemed Abc
newspaper, I wish to highlight the problem of
poor enrolment of girls in schools in spite of 16. 112, Lawrence Road
various governmental initiatives and provisions. South Ex
The reasons are not far to seek. In rural areas, New Delhi
girls are relegated to domestic duties and thus 13 January 20XX
not sent to school. Other reasons are that The Editor
parents are afraid that the safety and security The Times of India
of the girls are inadequate in the schools. These
New Delhi - 110009
problems need to be tackled on a war footing.
Subject: Promoting Unity Among Young
Parents should be informed of the necessity
Students
of education for girls by qualified counsellors
Sir
authorised by the government. In addition,
separate toilets for girls should be constructed I am writing to express my concern about the
and properly maintained in all schools. lack of unity among today's generation of
young students.It has become increasingly
I hope the concerned authorities and parents
apparent in recent years that many young
of the girl child will consider this problem people act in a way that denigrates one
and take necessary steps to increase girls’ another rather than having a spirit of unity.
education.
It is crucial that we act proactively to
Thanking you encourage harmony and respect among young
Yours truly students in order to address this problem.
Aashna Kapoor Curriculum and extracurricular activities that
foster diversity appreciation, acceptance, and
15. C - 8/6 understanding can be included. Additionally,
Ansal Plaza chances for students to collaborate on
Lucknow initiatives and projects that call for cooperation
and teamwork must be established.
16 February 20XX
By putting these tactics into practice, we
The Editor can foster a more welcoming and peaceful
Navbharat Times atmosphere where young students can
Delhi-110002 flourish.
Subject: Encouraging Responsible Travel Thanking you
Practices Yours sincerely
Sir Abc

17. House number - 57 I am excited about the prospect of joining
Saket your institution and enhancing my skills. I look
Moradabad forward for a positive and early response.
12 May 20XX Thanking you
The Director Yours sincerely
Manya Tours and Travels Sahil/Sahira
Mumbai - 110009
19. Pioneering Housing Society
Subject: Inquiry Regarding Lakshadweep Vinod Vihar
Islands Holiday Package
Delhi - 110008
Sir
15 March 20XX
I hope this letter finds you in great health. I The Editor
am writing to inquire about holiday packages
The Hindu
to Lakshadweep Islands for the upcoming
New Delhi- 110032
holidays.
Subject: Raising Awareness About Increasing
I am looking forward to explore this beautiful
Green Areas.
destination and would appreciate information
Sir
regarding hotel accommodation options,
including amenities and rates. Additionally, I Through the columns of your esteemed
newspaper, I would like to highlight the
am interested in knowing about the holiday
initiative that residents of our society took to
package details, such as duration, activities
increase the green cover area and the benefits
included, and any special offers available.
of increasing the planted saplings.
Could you also provide more details of tourist Recently, the residents in Delhi have been
places and hidden cafes and whether guided facing health issues due to excessive air
tours are available? pollution, which is leading to various health
I look forward for yuor response hazards. Hence, the residents of Pioneer
Thanking you Housing Society, took up the responsibility of
planting more saplings and contributing our
Yours sincerely
involvement in improving the air quality of
Raunaq/Ridhima Delhi. This week, we planted more than 300
saplings around our residential complex and
18. House number - 12
along the road.
Fort Road
We need support through your esteemed
Chennai newspaper to raise awareness among people
12 March 20XX and ask them to join hands with us to improve
the air quality. I hope much awareness can be
The Director
create among the readers through this letter.
Culture and Art Centre
Thanking you
Ambattur Road
Yours truly
Chennai.
Sugam/Sugandha
Subject: Inquiry Regarding Summer Hobby
Classes 20. Church Road
Sir Pune- 411012
15 February 20XX
I am writing to inquire about the hobby
classes offered during the summer break. I The Editor
am particularly interested in learning either The National Times
instrumental music or an Indian dance form. Pune-411008
Could you please provide details regarding the Subject: Appreciation for the Initiative of Plastic
charges for the classes, timings, and duration Ban
of each session? I would also like to share that Sir
I have a keen interest in music and dance, and Through the columns of your prestigious
although newspaper, I wish to highlight the initiative
Letter Writing 45
taken by the government and the positive Subject: Importance of Vocational Education
outcomes of this initiative. The government Sir
has finally come up with the commendable I am writing to highlight the crucial role
initiative of banning'single-use' plastic, which of vocational education in today's world.
is causing a lot of damage to the environment. Vocational education focuses on practical
The cattle usually swallow the plastic from the skills that prepare students for jobs requiring
manual or hands-on expertise. In our rapidly
garbage, which is becoming a reason for death
changing society, the demand for skilled
for them, and parallel to this, it is becoming workers in various fields, such as technology,
a major concern for the environment as well. healthcare, and construction, is increasing.
Banning single-use plastic and encouraging Through vocational education, students
recyclable bags will bring improvements to the can enhance their job prospects and future
quality of the environment and soil, and many opportunities by gaining relevant skills and
cattle who die due to the choking of plastic will information that are directly applicable to
be saved. the workforce. Additionally, it encourages
I hope the citizens will join hands with the innovation and entrepreneurship, both of which
government to help save and conserve the support growth in the economy.
ecosystem by ensuring the use of recyclable For students to be prepared for successful
plastic. jobs and to meet the changing demands of
Thanking You industry, schools must incorporate vocational
Yours truly education into the curriculum. I hope this
letter creates awareness among teachers and
Anil/Anita students and that the schools are motivated to
21. 5/6, Keshav Nagar incorporate vocational subjects as part of their
curriculum.
Delhi- 110056
Thanking you
22 August 20XX
Yours truly
The Editor
Xyz
NBT Times
New Delhi- 110042 23. 53, Sithla Nagar
Subject: Nuisance Caused by the Defecation of Villapuram
Dogs on Roads. 23 July 2023
Sir The Librarian
Through the columns of your esteemed The City Library
newspaper, I wish to bring to light a serious
30, Grande Avenue
concern. Dogs are no doubt loyal animals
and friends to men, and due to this, the trend Villapuram
of keeping dogs is going up. This is leading to Sir
another concern, which is the defecation of Subject: Request for Addition of Braille and
dogs in the open. Audio Books
It looks beautiful when people step out of their I am writing to request the inclusion of popular
homes early in the morning with their dogs for fiction and non-fiction titles in Braille and audio
a stroll, but this beauty takes a twist when the books, in the City Library. I truly believe that
dog owners bring their dogs to the roadside the library should strive to promote inclusion
for defecation. The footpaths are usually and accessibility for all readers, including those
dirty because of this and create a mess for with visual and other impairments.
passersby. It is unhygienic as well because the
Many readers with visual impairment are often
place stinks and there are a lot of flies in the
unable to access the same titles as others. By
area, leading to diseases.
adding Braille and audio books to the library's
I hope the concerned department will look into collection, we can ensure that these readers
the matter as soon as possible and do what is have the same access to a wide range of books
required. and can engage with the world of literature as
Thanking You fully as anyone else.
Yours truly I urge you to take this matter into consideration
Parth/Prerna and add Braille and audio books to the library's
collection. I believe this move will help promote
22. Church Road inclusion and accessibility in our community
Pune- 411012 and help everyone to enjoy the benefits of
15 February 20XX reading.
The Editor Yours sincerely
The National Times (Krishna Naidu)
Pune-411008 Co-ordinator, NGO Chakshu

PUSH YOURSELF
Scan QR code to
Push Yourself
Letter Writing 47
4. You are Rashmi Desai. You believe that India
Article 8 marks is a fantastic travel destination because of
1. As the sports captain of your school, its diverse linguistic and cultural heritage.
write an article for your school magazine Our economy will undoubtedly grow if we
emphasising the importance of adventure encourage tourism. Write an article on
sports for young people. Use the given clues ‘Promoting Tourism is Promoting Ourselves'
along with you own ideas from the MCB specifying the advantages of promoting
unit-1 ‘Health and Medicine’ You are Rohit. tourism and how it can be accomplished.

Clues: You can take ideas from the MCB unit-5
‘Travel and Tourism'.

l Adventure Sports Craze

l Pleasure and excitement 5. You're disturbed by the recent death of Avni,
the tigress who had two 10-months-old

l Both physical and emotional advantages
cubs. You come to understand that the root

l Boosts self-assurance
causes of this are human encroachment and

l Positive impacts on the body and min the avarice of land-grabbing corporations.
Write an article to be published in ‘The
2. With the introduction of design, digital
competency, and entrepreneurship to the National Times' about your concern and
curriculum, there is a move away from the need to take urgent action to stop the
content. Students' latent potential has decline in the number of tigers in India.
been awakened by their breakaway from You are Amit Malhotra. Use the given clues
conformity; instead of choosing their along with you own ideas from the MCB
courses solely based on aptitude, choice, unit-4 ‘Environment'.
or interest. Write an article, outlining your
opinions on the subject of "Changing Trends

Clues:
in Education." You can take ideas from the
l Ecological balance disturbed
MCB unit-2 ‘Education'.

l Awareness campaigns
3. There are frequent power cuts in your

l Local people suffer
locality. You strongly feel that it is time to
shift to solar power. Write an article on the
l Threat of extinction
topic "Solar Power, An Apt Global Solution
6. Write an article on "Degeneration of
for the Energy Crisis". Use the given clues
democratic values in India". You can take
along with you own ideas from the MCB
unit-4 ‘Environment'. You are Raman. ideas from the MCB unit-6 ‘National
Integration’.

l Renewable energy
7. Our lives have been transformed by modern

l Reduce energy bills
technology in many ways, impacting our

l Completely clean work, play, and living situations. Write an
l No water pollution article on the topic 'Rapid Digital Adoption:
l No greenhouse gas effects, Carbon free, Revolutionizing Our Lives'. You can take
No emissions ideas from the MCB unit-3 'Science'. You are
l Low maintenance cost Rohan.

8. India is a tourist's dream destination. Give MCB unit-1 'Health and Medicine'. You are
your views on the tourism potential of India Bharat.
in an article of about 150 words. You are 10. Write an article on the healing power of
Manish. You can take ideas from the unit-5 laughter. You can take ideas from the MCB
‘Travel and Tourism’ of the MCB. unit-1 ‘Health and Medicine'.
9. Write an article, in about 150 words, on why 11. Write an article on the achievements of the
Cricket has become more popular in India women astronauts. You can take ideas from
than Football. You can take ideas from the the MCB unit-3 'Science'. You are Riya.

magazine on "The Importance of Diversified
Article 8 marks Cuiture". India - a land embracing many
cultures.
12. Space tourism, though in its early stages, is a
reality. As Jagmeet Singh of class X-D, write
Clues:
an article for your school magazine, in about
l India - festivals dedicated to seasons and
150 words, discussing the opportunities and harvests
challenges of space tourism, the ethical
considerations surrounding it and how it
l India - multitude of castes, creed, colour,
might impact society. Use the given cues, convictions, culture, cuisines, costumes
along with your own ideas and those you and customs
may have gathered from Unit 3: Science, to
l India - national festivals - pride, sense of
create this article: patriotism-promote national integration

l Safety concerns and potential accidents [CBSE 2024]
in space tourism

l Space debris and the need for responsible 14. EVs or Electric vehicles have now become
space traffic management a necessity, Keeping in mind how the

l Turning space into a commodity: the rise in economic activity and burgeoning
ethics of commercializing space population has led to a tremendous demand

l Ensuring equality and access to space of electric vehicles in the transport sector,
tourism opportunities especially ni urban India, write an article on

l Promoting responsible and sustainable ‘A’ World with Smog-free and Clean Air.' Use
practices in space tourism the given cues along with your own ideas

l Balancing economic opportunities with from the Unit - 'Science'. (150 words)
environmental and social responsibility l India's ever-growing population
[CBSE SQP 2023]
l EV - Lower running costs
13. India represents a harmonious oneness in l Critical issues of air and noise pollution
spite of distinctions. Taking ideas from the l Zero tailpipe emissions
unit 'National Integration, and using the
l Low maintenance costs.
given cues along with your own ideas, write
an article in 150 words for your school [CBSE 2024]
PUSH YOURSELF

l Ecosystem health is ensured by diversity.
Article

l Cultural importance
1. “The return of the cheetahs will help in the
l Beneficial to mental health 8
restoration of open forests and grassland
ecosystems in India". Write an article for 2. Write an article on the topic 'Jaipur : A
your school mahazine, expressing your Great Tourist Destination'. You are Manish.
views on how this will help conserve You can take ideas from the unit-5 "Travel
biodiversity, wildlife and soil. Use the given and Tourism' of the MCB. 8
clues along with you own ideas from.

Clues: 3. India's most populated city, Mumbai, is
well-known for its beaches. Mumbai's

l Natural equilibrium in terms of ecology
residents are unable to enjoy its beaches

l Keeps the food chain intact. despite the city being surrounded by water

l Keeps the environment stable because of sewage contamination, trash
Article Writing 49
piles, and coastal pollution, which have take ideas from the unit-4 'Environment' of
made the beaches dangerous for tourists the MCB. 8
in recent years. Write an article, in about
150 words, on the topic 'Marine Pollution: 4. Write an article on the topic, 'Spirit of
A Crisis in Mumbai's Beaches' to be Unity' in about 100 words. You may take
published in 'The National Daily' You can ideas from Unit- 6, National Integration. 8

1. Importance of Adventure Sports in There are strict subject streams and a limited
Youngsters' Lives number of subjects available to students
By Rohit in the long-accepted educational system.
Young people's passion for risk-taking and Furthermore, the exclusive emphasis on
thrilling sports is growing faster than ever. schooling and exams had forced kids to turn
Those who are young at heart are taking to to rote learning, which involves learning
trekking, water rafting, canoeing, scuba diving, things without truly comprehending them.
rock climbing, and other outdoor activities The outcome of this kind of system is clear in
to get an adrenaline rush while experiencing young people who lack practical skills.
life outside and exploring undiscovered Recognizing the importance of imparting skills,
territory. Games like mountain biking, skiing, the nation's educational system is transitioning
skateboarding, and other similar activities are from a content-based to a skill-based
splendid because they help to improve both approach. Students are offered interesting
the mind and body in addition to emulating
subjects like design, digital competency, and
genuine excitement and enjoyment.
entrepreneurship in addition to foundational
Adventure sports have played a significant courses. Students are now choosing their
role in boosting self-esteem and physical courses based on talent and choice rather
capabilities while equipping participants to
than conformity, which has awakened latent
take on any challenge in life. Given that sports
potential in them. The new system is more
involve a lot of physical activity, it is therefore
efficient because the integrated syllabus is
not surprising that many parents encourage
their kids to participate in them in order to now more competency-based and technology-
keep them in good health. based.
Adventure sports are now recognized for their
ability to foster self-reliance, teamwork, and
3. Solar Power: An Apt Global Solution for
increased self-esteem. Adventure sports offer
Energy Crisis
a plethora of remarkable psychological and
physical advantages. By Raman
We are aware that the population and
2. Changing Trends in Education demands of the modern world are constantly
By Abc growing, and that our traditional energy
In schools and colleges, students spend sources are running dangerously low. Because
their formative years learning primarily of this, there has been a constant need to
through books. Additionally, even though switch to renewable energy sources due to the
this knowledge aids in the students' personal fact that energy demand is rising by the hour.
growth, it does not equip them with Solar power, or solar energy, is the most
employable skills that would improve their abundant and readily available source of
chances in the workforce. It is well known energy on Earth. Solar energy is a renewable
that 90% of job openings require youth to energy source that provides users with a
have some sort of vocational skill. The youth, number of advantages. First, it considerably
however, lack these necessary abilities. lowers energy costs. Second, there are no
Article Writing 51
hazardous gases released and solar energy is 6. Degeneration of Democratic
entirely clean. Solar energy also requires less Values in India
pollution for maintenance. Solar panels can
By Abc
produce electricity for a considerable amount
of time and have a 20–30 year lifespan. Despite facing existential threats, the Republic
of India, a country with a diverse topography,
In conclusion, solar energy is a suitable has made significant progress and gained
worldwide response to the current energy recognition as one of the most powerful
crisis. It is economical, sustainable, and kind to democracies globally. But along with this,
the environment. many values that were necessary to preserve
a functioning democracy began to deteriorate.
4. Promoting Tourism is Promoting Ourselves
The democratic ideals of social justice,
By Rashmi Desai
accountability, openness, and equity have
India, with its rich tapestry of languages greatly deteriorated these days. No one in a
and cultures, stands as a treasure trove position of authority accepts accountability
for travellers. Encouraging tourism not for the nation's lack of leadership. The issues
only showcases our diversity but also fuels of poverty, unemployment, discrimination,
economic growth. and illiteracy have become more pervasive
Tourism boosts our economy by creating jobs in society, and rather than seeking solutions,
and supporting local businesses. Immersion in we are assigning blame. In some states, the
our diverse customs and languages helps to prevalence of drug abuse is concerning. In
ensure that our legacy is preserved for future addition, there is a need to check the current
generations. Everyone will gain from the trends of entrenched communalisation of the
revenue generated by funding infrastructure public sphere and an increasingly punitive
development. state that is stifling free speech and dissent.
Initiatives like cultural festivals, heritage walks, It is crucial that we take a moment to consider
and language exchange programs can be the many flaws and disadvantages of the
planned to improve tourism. The message can democracy we currently live in.
be amplified by using social media to its full
potential and involving students in awareness 7. Rapid Digital Adoption:
campaigns. Accepting tourism gives us a Revolutionising Our Lives
way to tell the world about our special By Rohan
stories, which promotes appreciation and
The term "digital adoption" describes the
understanding. Thus, let's unlock the potential
growing trend of using technology in daily
within, promote tourism, and collectively
life. Digital adoption has accelerated in recent
celebrate the incredible tapestry of India for a
years, transforming how we work, learn,
brighter future.
communicate, and live. Adoption of digital
5. Decline of Tiger Population in India technology offers many benefits, but there are
By Amit Malhotra drawbacks as well that we must be mindful of.
Humans are greedy and selfish and are always Adoption of digital technology has many
worried about the fulfilment of their own benefits, chief among them being the great
wants. That is the primary reason why we are facilitation and speed of communication.
losing our wildlife day by day. The widespread use of digital devices has
also facilitated information access, including
news, entertainment, and weather. Because
An example of this would be the recent
people can work from anywhere in the world,
demise of Avni, the tigress who was raising
businesses are able to cut costs and increase
two 10-month-old cubs. The illegal killing
productivity.
of animals is growing as demand rises. A
significant portion of the tiger population However, digital adoption has also led to a
in India has already been lost as a result of decrease in face-to-face interaction. Individuals
diseases, illegal wildlife trade, deforestation, are becoming less social and less active as a
human encroachment, and habitat loss. The result of spending more time on their phones
remaining population is also in danger because and computers. Adoption of digital technology
of public ignorance, avarice, dishonest officials, may also increase our susceptibility to online
and commercial tourism. As a result, many dangers like identity theft and hacking.
wild animals are in danger of going extinct. 8. India - a dream destination for tourists
Public awareness needs to be raised in order
to discourage the purchase or sale of goods By Manish
derived from the parts of wild animals. India is a diverse country with a wide range
Furthermore, the relevant authorities ought to of cultures, languages, religions, foods, and
prosecute the offenders. occupations.

India is a great destination for religious 10. Healing Power of Laughter
tourism because it is the cradle of numerous By Abc
religions, including Buddhism, Jainism, and Laughter is a magical remedy that has the
Christianity. For ecotourism, there are stunning power to cure the mind and body. Laughter is
beaches, forests, wildlife, and landscapes; for a potent cure in the realm of education, where
adventure tourism, there are snow, rivers, and stress and problems are common. It has the
mountain peaks; for science tourism, there are amazing power to uplift us, reduce stress, and
technological parks and science museums; and make our lives happier.
for heritage tourism, there are heritage trains The feel-good chemicals known as endorphins,
and hotels. Foreign tourists primarily purchase which lower stress and improve happiness,
Indian handicrafts, specifically jewellery, are released by our brains when we laugh. In
carpets, leather goods and brass work. the classroom, this natural treatment may do
wonders for promoting a happy atmosphere
Indian tourism has enormous potential
and making learning more fun. Additionally,
to advance the nation's overall economic
laughter fosters a sense of support and
and social development, create jobs, and camaraderie between students and teachers.
bring in significant amounts of foreign Besides, laughing spreads easily. A single fit of
exchange. By expanding the number of trains, laughing has the power to transform a gloomy
enhancing railway connections to popular day into a joyful one. It fosters innovation,
tourist locations, and promoting paid guest improves problem-solving abilities, and
accommodations, significant progress has improves overall well-being.
been made. However, a great deal of more In essence, laughter is not just a sound; it's
work needs to be done if India is to take the a language of happiness that transcends
lead in the global tourism sector. barriers and brings people closer.
9. Cricket Versus Football 11. Achievements of Women Astronauts

By Bharat By Riya
Two of the most popular sports played The achievements of female astronauts in
space exploration are astounding. Now, let's
worldwide are football and cricket. Cricket
explore the outstanding achievements of
is more admired in India than football. The
three amazing women: Sunita Williams, Peggy
majority of people in the nation are familiar Whitson, and Pamela Melroy.
with the game's rules and how to play it. Pamela Melroy etched her name in history as
However, people have negligible knowledge the second woman to lead a Space Shuttle
about how to play other sports like football. mission. Her knowledge and skills were vital
First, India has a long history with cricket. in supporting important space missions, such
During the British colonial era, the sport was as the replenishment of the International
introduced and immediately became well- Space Station (ISS). Having spent more days
liked by the locals. Since then, it has given in space than any other American astronaut,
birth to numerous national treasures, including Peggy Whitson has an incredible record as
Sachin Tendulkar, Sunil Gavaskar, and Kapil NASA's most experienced astronaut. Her
innovative ISS research has improved our
Dev, among other legendary athletes. Second,
knowledge of biology and space technology.
compared to football, cricket is more popular
Record-breaking astronaut Sunita Williams is
in India. While football is primarily played in recognized for her extended space missions
urban areas, cricket is played everywhere in and innovative microgravity research.
the nation. Their achievements symbolize the limitless
In conclusion, cricket is worshipped more than possibilities for women in space exploration,
football in India because of its rich history, igniting hope for a future where the cosmos
wider reach, and emotional attachment to it. holds endless opportunities.

12. Space Tourism: Balancing Opportunity a reality. However, the opportunities and
and Responsibility challenges of space tourism are complex, and
ethical considerations need to be taken into
By Jagmeet Singh, X-D account.
Space tourism, the idea of sending tourists into One opportunity of space tourism is that it
space for a few minutes or days, is becoming could inspire the next generation of scientists
Article Writing 53
and engineers, providing a new way to integration by instilling in us a sense of pride
get people interested in space exploration. and patriotism. They serve as a reminder that,
However, space tourism also presents many despite our differences, our shared Indian
challenges, including the potential impact on heritage unites us.
the environment. Space debris is already a Respect and harmony are fostered by
acknowledging and appreciating the diversity
major problem, and increased space traffic
of our culture, which also enriches our lives. It
from tourism could exacerbate this issue. imparts upon us the virtues of acceptance, and
What also causes concern is that it could tolerance. It is this cultural mosaic that makes
contribute to the commodification of space, India so exceptional and one-of-a-kind, so, let
turning it into a playground for the rich rather us, as students, embrace and value it.
than a shared resource for all humanity. There 14. Cleaner Future with Electric Vehicles
is also the question of putting paying tourists
By Abc
at risk for the sake of leisure activities.
Electric vehicles (EVs) are more important than
As we move ahead with this exciting new ever in the world today. India's population
industry, we must remain mindful of the growth and expanding economy have resulted
impact on our planet, our society, and the in a sharp increase in the demand for EVs in
future of space exploration. large cities. These cars are more affordable
for many people because of their decreased
13. Celebrating India's Diverse operating expenses.
Cultural Tapestry Air and noise pollution are two of our greatest
by Xyz problems. EVs are important in solving these
India is a colourful tapestry made up of many important problems. Electric vehicles (EVs) do
different civilizations, customs, and religious not release any dangerous pollutants into the
beliefs. This variety is a treasure that embodies air and in contrast to regular cars, they have
the spirit of our country. Unity flourishes zero exhaust emissions. This results in cities
among variety in a nation where celebrations being cleaner and free of pollution, enabling us
honour seasons and harvests and where the clean air to breathe.
richness of innumerable castes, creeds, colours, Moreover, EVs also come with low maintenance
and cuisines resounds around every corner. costs, making them not only eco-friendly but
National holidays like Diwali, Eid, Christmas, also cost-effective in the long run. Choosing
and others are not only times to celebrate, electric vehicles is a step towards a cleaner,
but they also serve as emblems of our
more pollutant-free future for our cities, which
variety and togetherness. They promote national
will benefit future generations.
PUSH YOURSELF
Scan QR code to
Push Yourself

4. Fill the blanks (i) -(iii) with the appropriate
Gap Filling 1 mark option from those in the brackets.
1. Fill in the blanks (i) -(iii) with the appropriate
Ram heard that the concert (i).......................
option from those in the brackets. start at 8 p.m. (might/would) After a few

Solving environmental issues (i)....................... hours, he got a call from his friend (ii)
(may/might/should) require a collaborative ....................... (whom, who, that) told him that
effort from governments, businesses, and the concert hasn’t (iii) ....................... (began/
individuals. (ii) These issues …………………………. begin/begun) yet.
(demand/demanded/demanding) a shift
towards sustainable practices to ensure 5. Fill the blanks (i) -(iii) with the appropriate
a healthier planet for future generations. option from those in the brackets.
However, (iii) ……………………….. (many/much/
more) awareness campaigns are needed to
Would you believe that Mary (i) .......................
educate the public about the importance of (could/might) climb Mount Everest
environmental conservation. someday? Sam, (ii) ....................... (who/whom/
that) is an expert in astronomy, explained
2. Fill the blanks (i) -(iii) with the appropriate to us the phases of the moon. The cake (iii)
option from those in the brackets. ....................... (will have been baked/would

Learning a new language (i) ....................... have been baked) by the time the guests
(can/could/would) open up new arrive.
opportunities for personal and professional
growth. It (ii) ....................... (involves/involved/
involving) dedication and consistent practice
Omission 1 mark
to achieve fluency. However, (iii) ....................... 6. In the following paragraph, one word has
(some/any/many) challenges, such as
been omitted in each line. Write the missing
overcoming language barriers, are inevitable
word along with the word that comes before
in the process of becoming proficient in a
and after it.
foreign language.
3. Fill the blanks (i) -(iii) with the appropriate S. Text Word Omission Word
option from those in the brackets. no before after

In the rapidly evolving world of technology, (A) you ever
companies (i) ....................... (need/needed/ thought
needing) to adopt a forward-thinking about the
approach to innovation. The global market impact
has become increasingly competitive, and of social
businesses (ii) ....................... (ought to/should/ media?
ought) be prepared to embrace emerging
trends. Moreover, (iii) ....................... (much/ (B) a balanced
many/more) attention must be given diet is crucial
to sustainable practices to ensure the for optimal
long-term viability of the industry. and well-being.
Complete Grammar 55
(C) Adequate S.no Text Word Omission Word
hydration is before after
crucial for (B) The exam-
maintaining ination is
proper scheduled
function. the 12th of
(D) The May.
constant use (C) I am think-
of devices ing joining
can disrupt a coaching
patterns. institute.
(D) Please me
7. In the following paragraph, one word has
rupee 1800
been omitted in each line. Write the missing for the
word along with the word that comes before entrance
fee.
and after it.
(E) I this money
on urgent
S.no Text Word Omission Word basis.
before after
(A) Hydration
is for Editing 1 mark
supporting
various 9. The following passage has not been edited.
bodily There is an error in each line against which a
functions blank is given. Write the incorrect word and
the correction in the space provided.
(B) Engaging
regular
mindfulness S.no Text Incorrect Correct
practices (A) The company's
can improve revenue are
well - being
(C) Effective (B) increasing
financial is steadily in a
crucial for fast pace
long-term (C) Each team
stability member have
(D) Building been asked to
strong (D) completed
social their
connections assignments
can on time and
contribute receive their
to a sense incentives.
belonging
10. The following passage has not been edited.
8. In the following paragraph, one word has
There is an error in each line against which a
blank is given. Write the incorrect word and
word along with the word that comes before the correction in the space provided.
and after it.
S.no Text Incorrect Correct
S.no Text Word Omission Word (A) Amongst
before after the children
(A) You will be skateboarders
glad to that and bicyclists
I have filled are the impact
up the form. of concern.

(B) They risk their 13. Rearrange the following jumbled words/
own safety as phrases in the given dialogue to create a
well as those meaningful sentence.
of others Interviewer: According to a fact, people
around them. prefer watching movies on netflix rather
than watching in theatres. Do you agree?
(C) Reckless
behaviour are Interviewee: range/provide/choose/they/
one of the library/movies/of/options/a/vast/which/of/
primary causes allow/from/a/users/to/wide/the/yes
of accidents on
14. Rearrange the following jumbled words/
the streets.
phrases in the given dialogue to create a
(D) Pedestrians meaningful sentence.
should also be
Rohan: Did you know that the fashion
cautious while industry significantly influences cultural
driving on trends and self-expression?
intersections.
Riya:emerge/has/fashion/change/and/
11. The following passage has not been edited. accelerated/trends/the/fast/which/at/rise/
There is an error in each line against which a of/pace/the
blank is given. Write the incorrect word and 15. Rearrange the following jumbled words/
the correction in the space provided. phrases in the given dialogue to create a
meaningful sentence.
S.no Text Incorrect Correct Shivani: Were you aware that sustainable
practices contribute to environmental
(A) Children love conservation and combat climate change?
picnics and
outings of their R o s h n i : a n d / s o c i e t a l / ra i s i n g / t o / l e a d /
parents advocating/awareness/about/policies/for/
environmental/sustainable/issues/can/
(B) though they broader/change
are equally 16. Rearrange the following jumbled words/
happier doing phrases in the given dialogue to create a
things with meaningful sentence.
them
Interviewer: Do you believe that it is the
(C) A parent may main responsibility of humans to protect our
make his child wildlife?
feel sad by
Interviewee: How can we protect wildlife?
not listening
properly.
Interviewer :and/suppor t/habitats/
organisations/their/that/wildlife/work/
(D) It is important towards/safeguard/legal/that/frameworks
to maintained
great bond
between
parents and
children.
Anshul's Mom : Why do wear the same tee
shirt everyday?
Anshul: Some/broke/am/money/can/give/
Transformation of 1 mark please/you/me/pocket/I
sentences
Reported Speech 1 mark
18. Report the dialogues to complete the
paragraph that follows:

Alex: It feels like I've been inside forever! I

Teacher: What do you know about good
can't go swimming or cycling. I miss my
nutrition? playmates!
Student: and / body / a / good / of / exercise Alex's Father: Don't forget that Anne Frank
/ eating / nutrition / regular / balance / and her family spent two years inside an
healthy / consists / diet attic.
Complete Grammar 57
Alex: (silent) Shruti: I came here yesterday. I have been
Alex's Father: Yeah! I expected your silence offered a job here.
on it. Rohit told Shruti (i) ……………………… and
Alex told his father that (i) ................................. . asked when she had come. Shruti
He added that he had been feeling sad as he replied that she had come there
couldn't go swimming or cycling. Moreover, the previous day and added that (ii)
he missed his playmates. After listening ............................ .
to his son, Alex's father told him that Anne 21. Report the dialogues to complete the
Frank and her family spent two years in paragraph that follows:
an attic. This silenced Alex. Looking at his

Biology Teacher: I instructed you to draw the
expression, Alex's father said that (ii) ............
diagram of bacteria. Why did you submit a
..................... .
blank sheet?
19. Report the dialogues to complete the Maheer: Sir, I had drawn the diagram of
paragraph that follows.
bacteria, but you can't see it because it is

Sabu: Chachaji! Where are you going? not visible to the naked eye.
Chacha Chaudhary: Sabu! I have ten The biology teacher had instructed Maheer
thousand rupees. I thought I'll deposit those to draw the diagram of a bacterial cell
in the bank. I earned this money with hard and asked him (i)................... a blank sheet.
work. Maheer respectfully answered that he had
Sabu asked ChachaChowdhry (i) .......................... drawn the diagram but (ii)..................... to the
Chacha replied that he had ten thousand naked eye.
rupees. He had thought that he would deposit 22. Report the dialogues to complete the
those in the bank. He told that (ii) ……………………… paragraph that follows:
that money with hard work.

Master: Fetch me a glass of water.
20. Report the dialogues to complete the Servant: Yes sir, anything else?
The master .............................. . The servant

Rohit: I am surprised to see you here in Delhi. replied in affirmative and asked if he wanted
When did you come? anything else.
NCERT QUESTIONS
(H) ........................... (any / each) student of this
Gap Filling 1 mark class is a scholar badge holder.
(I) I spent ........................... (the little / a little)
23. Choose the appropriate option from the to
money I had.
bracket complete the given sentences.
(J) You may have ……………………….. (either /
(A) I have been to ......................... (a / the)
any) of the four watches.
doctor, whose name appeared in the
New York Times. 24. Complete the following sentences with the
(B) Is there ......................... (the / a) fitness appropriate forms of the verbs given in the
centre near your house? bracket.
(C) ......................... (one / few / an) example (A) Every day I .................................. (go) to

helps understand concepts better. school in a bus but today I ............................
(D) He has hardly read ......................... (many / ...... (go) by car because the bus operators
any) book. are on strike.
(E) He drove with ......................... (much / little) (B) "BaichungBhutia .................................. (pass)
care and hence was fined by the traffic the ball to Bannerjee; Bannerjee .............
police. ..................... (take) a shot at the goal but
it .................................. (be) way above the
(F) ........................... (little / a little) milk is goal post. The Indians ..................................
required for a cup of tea. (attack) much more now..."
(G) ........................... (few / some) of the mango (C) I .................................. (think) you ....................
trees in their garden bear fruit twice a .............. (make) a mistake by signing this
year. contract.

(D) The doctor .................................. (say) my
To save drinking water, more horses on
mother ..................................(respond) to the board
treatment well. would be thrown into / sea.
(E) Farzana .................................. (be) not well. Nevertheless, any sailors died of thirst.
She .................................. (not come) to
One of / unique sea-going mysteries ever,
school today.

an 103-foot sailing ship was found floating,
25. Complete the following sentences correctly abandoned with the life-boat missing.
by using the simple past or past perfect
In the last 100 years much than 50 ships
forms of the given verbs.
and 20 aeroplanes have disappeared in the
(A) We .................................. (have/had)already
Bermuda triangle
.................................. (reach) home when
Irfan ......................................(say) that he Transformation of 1 mark
........................ (forget) his books at school.
Sentences
(B) Wendy .................................. (wake up) late,
then she .................................. (miss) her 28. Write the appropriate newspaper headline.
school bus, so by the time she.................... Use the jumbled words given in the box below:
(reach) school, it .................................. (has)
bought / diamond / sixth / Jacob / Hyderabad
already .................................. (start). / by / of / Nizam.
(C) I .................................. (visit) my town again
ten years after I ................................ (leave) Reported Speech 1 mark
it and .................................. (find) that it
.................................. (has) completely 29. Read the following conversation carefully
................................(change). and complete the following passage by filling
in the blank spaces appropriately.
(D) When Feroze and Mehr .......................
Patient : Doctor, I have a terrible toothache.
.......... (meet) for the first time, they
...........................(not like) each other but Doctor : Well, sit down. I need to examine
now they are married. your teeth. Please open your mouth wide.
Patient : Is there any serious problem, doctor?
26. Fill the correct form of the verb in the The patient told the doctor (i) ............................... .
following sentences: The doctor told him to sit down as (ii) ...................... .
(A) Summons …………………….. (was/were) sent He also requested the patient (iii) ......................... .
for his arrest. The patient then enquired (iv) ............................. .
(B) The media ……………........... (has/have) 30. Read the news Items given below. Use the
become more responsible nowadays. information in the headlines to complete the
(C) This news ……………........... (were/was) sentences.
broadcast from All India Radio.
(A) Ambala Police to Hire Private Detectives

(D) Politics ……………........... (is/are) not meant .................................................................................
for students. to help the Ambala police force in better
(E) To an outsider the economics of this investigation.
company ……………........... (seem/seems) to (B) Plea Against IT Officer Dismissed. The
be in a shambles. (Hint: economics here Haryana High Court ...................................
refers to the company's financial status) ............................................................. filed by
Coca Cola India Inc. against the assistant
Editing 1 mark commissioner of income tax, Gurgaon,
and other respondents.
27. The following paragraph has not been
edited. (There is one error or omission in (C) Three IAS Officers Transferred. The
each line). The errors have been underlined Haryana government .......................
and the omissions marked with a '/'.. ..................................................... and 11
Superintendents of Police, including
The area of /Atlantic Ocean south of Florida
the Bhiwani SP along with the Deputy
has been an tricky one for travellers. Commissioner.
In the days of sail, ships crossing / area (D) New District Magistrate Takes Charges
often found themselves becalmed for / .......................................................................
periods. after that transfer of the erstwhile DM.
Complete Grammar 59
Gap Filling 1 mark S.no Text Word Omission Word
before after
31. Fill the blanks (i) -(iii) with the appropriate Eg. Police have teams to catch
option from those in the brackets. launched

Time travel (i) .................... ( ought to / special
should/ could) become a reality in the near teams
future, (ii) .................... (allows/ allowed/ catch
allowing) human beings to experience the the
snatchers.
thrill of travelling back or forward in time.
However, (iii) .................... (most/ many/ (A) Each the
much) challenges must be overcome, such teams will
as ensuring safety and affordability for all move into
potential time-travellers. [CBSE SQP 2023] (B) the crime
affected
32. Fill in the blanks (i) - (iii) with the appropriate areas. The
option from those given in the brackets. teams
A house on my way to work (i) ................. (had
directly
acquired/has acquired/acquired) an American (C) report the
pit bull terrier. On the surface, it (ii) ................... district
(seems/seemed/has seemed) to be a friendly unit.
dog. All it does (iii) ................. (was/are/is) stand (D) Police
and grin through the fence. [CBSE 2024] teams
residents
33. Fill in the blanks (i) - (iv) with the appropriate will work
option given below. together
During (i) ............. hottest part of the year,
(E) to catch
many of our city streets seem to be on fire snatchers.
(ii) ............... masses of Gulmohar flowers. This [CBSE 2024]
(iii) ................ one of the most beautiful trees .
People (iv) ............. shelter under it. 36. In the following paragraph, one word has
been omitted in each line. In your answer

(a) (b) (c) (d)
sheets, remember to write the missing word
(i)
a the an some along with the word that comes before and
(ii) from by with over after it, as shown below. The first one has
(iii) is was are be been done as an example:
(iv) of at on during
S.No. Text Word Omission Word
[CBSE 2017]
before after
34. Fill the blanks (i) - (iv) with an appropriate Eg. I ten minutes I was ten
answer: late
From a very young age, I had ............ (i)
(A) for work
aversion to water when I was .......... (ii) it. This morning. The
started when I was three ................. (iii) four exhaust pipe
years old and father took me to (iv) .................
a beach in California. [CBSE 2011] (B) fell the bus,
Mr. Brown was
Omission 1 mark entirely
(C) unsympathetic.
35. In the following paragraph, one word has He said, ‘You get
word along with the word that comes before
and the word that comes after it against the (D) yourself, bicycle,
correct blank number. The first one has been Robin.’
done for you. (Attempt any four) [CBSE 2024]

37. In the following paragraph, one word has S.no Text Incorrect Correct
been omitted in each line. In your answer (A) In July 2012,
sheets, remember to write the missing word physicists with
along with the word that comes before and CERN in Swit-
after it, as shown below. zerland
(B) announces the
discovery of a
S.no Text Word Omis- Word
new subatomic
before sion after
particle
(A) Kerala a state (C) that looked
in South like the higgs
boson. The
(B) India. Kerala discovery and
became first
(D) confirmations
(C) state to be of this particle
recognised as is crucial for
a completely scientists.
literate state. (E) scientists as it
Kerala's helps them to
complete his
(D) Net enrollment
model of how
primary
the universe
education is
was formed
almost 100
percent. [CBSE 2014]
[CBSE 2016]
There is an error in each line against which a
blank is given. Write the incorrect word and
Editing 1 mark
the correction in the space provided.
There is an error in each line against which a S.no Text Incorrect Correct
blank is given. Write the incorrect word and (A) Students are
the correction in the space provided. generally im-
mature in his
mental
S.no Text Incorrect Correct
(B) faculties. They
(A) E.g., According sit sat are rash and
to tradition hot-blood.
Gautama Bud-
dha sit. (C) They are not
suppose to
(B) in meditation be wise and
in the Bodhi balanced
tree at
(D) in their
(C) Bodh Gaya. judgement.
Unfortunately His active
an original tree participation in
(D) has (E) politics
disappeared can lead in
and is replace dangerous
consequences.
(E) through a
[CBSE 2016]
successor-the
Peepal tree.
Transformation of 1 mark
[CBSE 2017]
Sentences
There is an error in each line against which a 41. Rearrange the following jumbled words/
blank is given. Write the incorrect word and phrases in the given dialogue to create a
the correction in the space provided. meaningful sentence.
Complete Grammar 61

Did you know that the lack of hydrological 45. Rearrange the following jumbled words /
resources affects more than 40% of the world phrases in the given dialogue to create a
population? meaningful sentence.
No, I didn't. What are hydrological resources?
Mohan: Do you know why many people,

water resources, / survival / and plant / to
now-a - days, do not like the concept of zoo?
human, / animal, / refer to / which / are vital /
hydrological resources [CBSE SQP 2023] Lalit: No, I don't. Can you give me a valid

reason, why ?
phrases to create a meaningful sentence. Mohan: Like/zoos/animals in cages/many/do

not/zoo/concept of/people/this/keep/as

eg - ideal citizen/the nation/an/to/an asset/is
[CBSE 2024]
Ans. An ideal citizen is an asset to the nation.
(A) makes/he/a valuable contribution/nation

Reported Speech 1 mark
building/to/activities 46. Report the dialogues to complete the
(B) he/his/knows/and/rights/responsibilities paragraph that follows.
(C) his country/of/he abides/the/by/laws Rohit: I have bought, a new DSLR camera,
(D) instrumental/nation/thus/development/ Mohit: What will you do with this ?
of/he is/in/the [CBSE 2017]
Rohit: I will click beautiful pictures with this
43. Rearrange the following jumbled words/ camera.
phrases to create a meaningful sentence.
Rohit told Mohit that (i) .......... As Mohit was
(A) very exciting / can be / new country / not aware of it, so he asked (ii) .......... To this,
travelling to / a Rohit answered that he would click beautiful
(B) It / a lot of / before / actually requires / pictures with that camera. [CBSE 2024]
the visit / preparation
(C) option / is / light / travelling / best / the
(D) also need / we / the local weather / in
Photographer: I want to use a drone for
mind / to / keep
photographing your event.
(E) always / enriched / we / return /
experience / the / with [CBSE 2018] Customer: Really! Do you usually offer this
advice?
Photographer: No. I don’t. Your event is in
phrases to create a meaningful sentence.
an open and picturesque area and I want to
(A) not / be / student / it / easy / a / is / to capture the complete scene.
(B) are / these / they / under / days / pressure The photographer told the customer that she
(C) need / be / the / parents / to / supportive wanted to use a drone for photographing his
/ very event. The customer exclaimed in surprise
(D) can’t / be judged / academic / on their / and asked (i) .................... . The photographer
only / students / performance replied in the negative and shared that (ii)
(E) provide / we / them / more / should / .................. as his event was in an open and
opportunities [CBSE 2020] picturesque area. [CBSE SQP 2023]
PUSH YOURSELF
Minister said efforts (ii) ………………………. (may/

Gap Filling
should/would) be made to increase the
1. Fill the blanks (i) -(iii) with the appropriate production of food grains. Speaking on the
option from those in the brackets. occasion, the Agricultural Minister praised
Delivering his inaugural address (i)
the agricultural scientists for their role (iii)
……………………. (on/at/over) the first Agricultural ............................ (in bringing/while brought/on
Science Congress here today, the Prime bringing) about a Green Revolution. 3

2. Fill the blanks (i) -(iii) with the appropriate (D) We have
option from those in the brackets. fixed place
I hope all's well with you. Everything is fine
to rest
but have
here. I am sorry I (i) ........................ (can’t/ nothing
couldn’t/wouldn’t) write earlier. I was busy to wrap
with my coaching camp (ii) ............................... around.
(which/that.being) is now over. After the 4
annual examination most of (iii) ……………………… 6. In the following paragraph, one word
(the/a/an)boarders have left for their homes. has been omitted in each line. Write the
3 missing word along with the word that
comes before and after it, as shown below.
3. Fill the blanks (i) -(iii) with the appropriate
option from those in the brackets.
S. Text Word Omission Word
The students (i) ……………………… (was/were/have)
no before after
talking to Miss Rinni as she (ii) ……………………..
(A) One thing
(entering/entered/enters) the classroom. All we all
the kids observed her to find out what sort of must do to
(iii) …………….. (a/an/the) person she was. 3 cooperate
4. Fill the blanks (i) -(iii) with the appropriate (B) With police
and pay
option from those in the brackets.
heed to their
He is wearing a shirt (i) ……………….. (which/that/
advice
who) looks nice. His friend (ii) ……………………….
(C) They
(had/has/had been) already left before he warn as to
arrived at the party. He also saw (iii) ……………… aware of
(few/much/each) people in the party. 3 dangerous
items.
Omission (D) We should

not spread
5. In the following paragraph, one word false
has been omitted in each line. Write the information
missing word along with the word that any activity.
comes before and after it, as shown below.
4
S.no Text Word Omission Word
before after
Editing
(A) The
animals 7. The following passage has not been edited.
said he There is one error in each of the lines. Write
cruel the incorrect word and the correction in
greedy and the space provided.
immoral
(B) He sets bad S.no Text Incorrect Correct
example
to animal (A) In many ways,
world, the the woman of
tiger said Maharashtra
further (B) enjoy the
unique position
(C) We do
within India.The
not know
where we (C) percentage of
will get our females is high
next meal. than the males
Complete Grammar 63
(D) in the rural Julie : Are you taking part in it?
population as Mona : Yes, I am taking part as an engine
compare to driver.
Rural women.
Julie : Why have you chosen that?
4
Mona : So that I can reach late.
8. The following passage has not been edited. Julie asked Mona when the fancy dress
There is one error in each of the lines. Write competition in her school was. To that Mona
the incorrect word and the correction in replied that (i) ............................ . Julie enquired
the space provided. whether (ii) ............................ . Mona said that
she was taking part as an engine driver. Julie
S.no Text Incorrect Correct asked why (iii) ............................ . She answered
(A) Poverty is the (iv) ............................ . 4
route cause of
(B) all evil. The paragraph that follows.
poor suffers
because Patient: Good afternoon. I need to get a Scan
done.
(C) they do not
Receptionist: Sorry. Our machine is not
want to take a
first working. You can come tomorrow.
Patient: What! But I think I’m not feeling well
(D) step. They feel
now
happy and
they are Receptionist: Oh! In that case, I will inform our
Senior Cardiologist.
4 A patient went to the doctor’s clinic, greeted
the receptionist, and said that (i) ……………………….
Transformation of The receptionist apologized and told him
Sentences (ii) ………………………. She also added that (iii)
……………………….. The patient reacted angrily
phrases in the given dialogue to create a and said he thought he was not feeling well. To
meaningful sentence. this, the receptionist replied that in that case
(A) Form/is/exercise/of/best/the/yoga 1 she could inform their Senior Cardiologist. 3
(B) England/good/many/lived/a/years/king/ 12. Report the dialogues to complete the
ago/wise/there/and/in 1 paragraph that follows.
(C) sense/and/promotes/of/stress/well being
Raja: Our school is celebrating dance day
/laughter/decreases. 1 tomorrow.
(D) its life/an animal/could/cost/road/the/on/ Mahira: Who is your chief guest?
candy/throwing/a/even 1
Raja: Our chief guest is the honorable prime
minister himself.
Reported Speech
Mahira: That is quite incredible.
10. Report the dialogues to complete the Raja told Mahira (i) ................................. . Mahira
paragraph that follows. wanted to (ii) ................................. . Raja replied
Julie : When is the fancy dress competition in
that ................................. (iii) ................................. .
your school? Mahira was surprised and commented that
Mona : It is after two weeks. (iv) ................................. . 4

1. (i) may (ii) demand (iii) many 7.

2. (i) can, (ii) involves, (iii) some S.no Text Word Omission Word
before after
3. (i) need , (ii) should, (iii) more (A) Hydration is vital for
4. (i) might , (ii) who, (iii) begun is for
supporting
5. (i) might , (ii) who, (iii) will have been baked various
bodily
6. functions
S. Text Word Omission Word (B) Engaging Engaging in regular
no before after regulary
mindfulness
(A) you ever Have you ever practices
thought can improve
about the well-being
impact (C) Effective Financial planning is
of social financial is
media? crucial for
long-term
(B) a balanced optimal nutrition and stability
diet is
(D) Building sense of belonging
crucial for
strong social
optimal and connections
well-being. can
contribute
(C) Adequate proper organ function to a sense
hydration is belonging
crucial for
8.
maintaining
S. Text Word Omission Word
proper
no before after
function.
(D) The disrupt sleeping patterns (A) You will be to know that
constant glad to that
use of I have filled
devices up the form.
can disrupt
patterns.
Complete Grammar 65
S. Text Word Omission Word S. Text Incorrect Correct
no before after no
(B) The scheduled for the (B) They risk their those that
own safety as
examination well as those of
is scheduled others around
the 12th of them.
May. (C) Reckless are is

behaviour are
(C) I am thinking of joining
one of the
thinking primary causes of
joining a accidents on the
streets.
coaching
institute. (D) Pedestrians on at
should also
be cautious
(D) Please me Please give me while driving on
intersections.
rupee 1800
11.
for the
S. Text Incorrect Correct
entrance no
fee.
(A) Children love of with
picnics and
(E) I money on I need money outings of their
an urgent parents
basis. (B) though they are happier happy

equally happier
doing things with
them
(C) A parent may his their
9. make his child
feel sad by not
S.no Text Incorrect Correct listening properly.
(A) The company's are is (D) It is important Main- Main-
revenue are to maintained tained tain
a great bond
(B) increasing in at between parents
steadily in a fast and children.
pace
12. A good balance of nutrition consists of
(C) Each team have has regular exercise and a healthy diet.
member have
been asked to 13. Yes, they provide a vast library of movies
which allow the users to choose from a wide
(D) completed their completed complete range of options.
assignments on
time and receive 14. The rise of fast fashion has accelerated the
their incentives. pace at which trends emerge and change.
10. 15. Raising awareness about environmental
S. Text Incorrect Correct issues and advocating for sustainable
no policies can lead to broader societal
changes.
(A) Amongst impact cause
the children, 16. Support organisations that work towards
skateboarders legal frameworks that safeguard wildlife
and bicyclists are and their habitats.
the major impact
17. Anshul: Mom, can you please give me some
of concern.
pocket money? I am broke.

18. (i) it felt like he had been inside forever. 21. (i) why he had submitted
(ii) he had expected Alex's silence on it
(ii) The teacher couldn't see it because it was
19. (i) where he was going not visible
(ii) he had earned
20. (i) that he was surprised to see Shruti in Delhi 22. ordered the servant to fetch him a glass of
(ii) she had been offered a job water.
NCERT QUESTIONS
23. (A) the (B) a (C) An (D) any (E) little To save drinking water several horses on board
(F) A little (G) Some (H) Each (I) the little would be thrown into the sea.
(J) any Nevertheless, many sailors died of thirst.
24. (A) go, am going One of the unique sea-going mysteries ever,
(B) passes, takes, is, are attacking a 103-foot sailing ship was found floating,
(C) think, made abandoned with a lifeboat missing.
(D) says, is responding In the last 100 years more than 50 ships
(E) is, is not coming and 20 airplanes have disappeared in the
25. (A) had, reached, said, had forgotten Bermuda Triangle.
(B) woke up, missed, reached, had, started. 28. Jacob Diamond bought by Nizam of
(C) visited, had left, found, had, changed. Hyderabad.
(D) met, did not like
29. (i) that he had a terrible toothache.
26. (A) were (ii) he needed to examine his teeth.
(B) has
(C) was (iii) to open his mouth wide.
(D) is (iv) from the doctor if there was any serious
(E) seem problem.
27. The area of the Atlantic Ocean south of Florida 30. (A) Private detectives will be hired
(B) has dismissed the plea
has been a tricky one for travelers.
(C) has transferred three IAS Officers
In the days of sail, ships crossing the area
often found themselves becalmed for long (D) A new district magistrate has taken
periods. charges

31. (i) could 35.
(ii) allowing S.no Text Word Omission Word

(iii) many before after
Eg. Police have teams to catch
32. (i) has acquired launched special
(ii) seemed teams catch
the snatchers.
(iii) is
(A) Each the teams Each of the
33. (i) (b) the will move into
(ii) (c) with (B) the crime teams will directly
(iii) (a) is affected areas.
The teams
(iv) (d) during directly
(C) report the report to the
34. (i) an district unit.
(ii) near (D) Police teams teams and resi-
(iii) or residents will dents
work together
(iv) to
Complete Grammar 67
S.no Text Word Omission Word 39.
before after S.no Text Correct Incorrect
(E) to catch catch the snatch- (A) In July 2012, with at
snatchers. ers physicists
with CERN in
36. Switzerland
(B) announces the anan-
S.no. Text Word Omission Word discovery of a nounc- nounced
before after new subatomic es
particle
(A) for work morning. work this morning
The exhaust pipe (C) that looked like looked looks
the higgs boson.
(B) fell the bus, fell from the The discovery
Mr. Brown was and
entirely
(D) confirmations confir- confir-
(C) unsympathetic. you should get of this particle mations mation
He said, ‘You get is crucial for
scientists.
40.
(D) yourself, bicycle, yourself a bicycle
Robin.’ S.no Text Correct Incorrect
37. (A) Students are his their

generally
S.no Text Word Omission Word immature in his
before after mental
(A) Kerala a state Kerala is a (B) faculties They hot - hot -

in South are rash and blood blooded
hot-blood.
(B) India. Kerala be- the first (C) They are not sup- sup-
became first came suppose to pose posed
be wise and
(C) state to be state to be balanced
recognised as
a completely (D) in their His their
literate state. judgement.
Kerala's His active
participation in
(D) Net enrollment enrol- in prima-
(E) politics can lead in to
primary ment ry
in dangerous
education is
consequences
almost 100
percent. 41. Hydrological resources refer to water resources,
which are vital to human, animal, and plant
38. survival.
S.no Text Correct Incorrect 42. (A) He makes a valuable contribution to nation
building activities.
(B) in meditation in the in under
(B) He knows his rights and responsibilities.
Bodhi tree at
(C) He abides by the laws of his country.
(C) Bodh Gaya. Unfortunately an the (D) Thus he is instrumental in the development
an original tree of nation
(D) has disappeared and is replace replaced 43. (A) Travelling to a new country can be very
replace exciting.
(B) It actually requires a lot of preparation
(E) through a successor - by through before the visit.
the
(C) The best option is travelling light. /
Peepal tree.
Travelling light is the best option.

(D) We also need to keep in mind the local (E) We should provide them with more
weather. opportunities.
(E) We always return enriched with the
45. Many people do not like the concept of zoos as
experience.
this keeps animals in cages.
44. (A) It is not easy to be a student.
46. (i) He had bought a new DSLR camera
(B) They are under pressure these days.
(ii) what he would do with that.
(C) The parents need to be very supportive.
(D) Students can’t be judged on their academic 47. (i) if she usually offered that advice
performance only. (ii) she wanted to capture the complete scene
PUSH YOURSELF
Scan QR code to
objective Qs and
Push Yourself
Complete Grammar 69
Introduction
 The story is about two brothers, Nicola and their daily routine and astounds us with the extent
of their devotion to Lucia. It teaches us the value of
Jacopo, living in Verona after a big war. Their true
kindness in the face of adversity and the deep love
strength comes from caring for their sick sister,
that exists between family members. The story of
Lucia, even though they are selling things on the
Nicola and Jacopo serves as a reminder that by
street. They are incredibly kind and hardworking improving the lives of those we love, we can find
despite the difficulties in life. The narrative reveals strength and happiness.
Significant Morals
(1) A positive mindset has the power of overcome adversity.
(2) Taking care of family members and supporting them is a noble and fulfilling responsibility.
(3) One should not judge people based on external circumstances, as there might be more to their story than
what meets the eye.
(4) Hope and resilience can prevail over despair.
Dictionary
Word Meaning Synonyms Antonyms
horribly extremely badly or unpleasantly awfully, dreadfully pleasantly, delightfully
outskirts the edges of a town or city suburbs, peripheries centre, downtown
cautious careful to avoid danger or mistake prudent, wary reckless, careless
disapproval a feeling of dislike or opposition condemnation, dissent approval, acceptance
earnest sincere and serious genuine, heartfelt insincere, flippant
slackened slowed down or made less tight loosened, eased tightened, quickened
hawked shouted or called out loudly yelled, cried whispered, murmured
glanced looked quickly and briefly peeked, glimpsed stared, scrutinised
murmured spoke softly or indistinctly muttered, mumbled, shouted, yelled

the cold winter signify in terms of the
Extract Based Qs 4 marks challenges they faced?
1. Read the extract given below and answer (C) What does the narrator’s inquisitiveness
the questions that follow: to know about the boys’ family reveal
One boy had on a worn jersey and cut-off about his character?
khaki pants; the other a shortened army tunic (D) State one reason how the narrator might
gathered in loose folds about his skinny frame. have felt about the boys’ after knowing
Yet, gazing at the two little figures, with their their story?
brown skins, tangled hair and dark earnest 3. Read the extract given below and answer
eyes, we felt ourselves strangely attracted. the questions that follow:
My companion spoke to the boys, discovered
Nicola shook his head, but suddenly Jacopo
that they were brothers. Nicola, the elder, was
said, "Sir" he burst out, "every Sunday we make
13; Jacopo, who barely came up to the door
a visit to the country to Poleta, 30 kilometres
handle of the car, was nearly 12. We bought
from here. Usually we hire bicycles. But
their biggest basket, then set off toward town.
tomorrow, since you are so kind, you might
Next morning, coming out of our hotel, we saw send us in your car."
our friends bent over shoeshine boxes beside
I had already told Luigi he might have the
the fountain in the public square, doing a brisk Sunday off. However, I answered, “I'll drive you
business. out myself."
(A) What can be inferred about the boys’ There was a pause. Nicola was glaring at his
economic condition based on the young brother in vexation . "We could not think
description of their clothing? of troubling you, sir." "It won't be any trouble."
(B) How are the shoeshine boxes symbolic? (A) How does Nicola's reaction to his brother's
(C) List the meaning of the phrase “brisk request reflect their character traits and
business’’. values?
(D) The narrator felt that there was (B) What was the reason for the boys' weekly
something compelling about the boys visit to Poleta?
that captured his attention. Which word (C) In the line, "There was a pause. Nicola was
in the extract displays this? glaring at his young brother in vexation ."
what does the word 'vexation' imply?
2. Read the extract given below and answer
(D) State an inference that can be drawn
the questions that follow:
about the narrator from the line, "It won't
I shook my head and turned away. I felt I could be any trouble."
not bear to intrude upon this happy family
party. But at the foot of the staircase I drew up 4. Read the extract given below and answer
and begged her to tell me all she knew about the questions that follow:
these boys. He coloured deeply under his sunburn, then
She was eager to do so. They were, she grew pale. He looked to the ground. "You
explained, quite alone in the world, except must be saving up to emigrate to America," I
for this sister, Lucia. Their father, a widower, suggested. He looked at me sideways, spoke
a well-known singer, had been killed in the with an effort.
early part of the war. Shortly afterwards a "We should greatly like to go to United States.
bomb had destroyed their home and thrown But here, at present, we have other plans."
the three children into the streets. They had "What plans?"
always known a comfortable and cultured life He smiled uncomfortably. "Just plans, sir," he
--- Lucia had herself been training as a singer answered in a low voice.
--- and they had suffered horribly from near “Well," I said, "we're leaving on Monday. Is there
starvation and exposure to the cold winter. anything I can do for you before we go?"
(A) Identify the tone in the nurse’s statement (A) What mood is created by Nicola's
when she says, “and they had suffered uncomfortable smile and low voice during
horribly from near starvation and exposure this conversation?
to the cold winter”.
(B) What can you infer about Nicola's
(B) What does the suffering of the children personality from his reluctance to share
from near starvation and exposure to details about their plans?
Two Gentlemen of Verona 71

(C) Describe the meaning of ‘coloured deeply 11. Can one say that the story is a comment on
under his sunburn’. the true character of a gentleman?
(D) What underlying belief did the speaker 12. Which characteristics of the narrator are
rely on to explain why the children were revealed in "I drew up and begged her to tell
saving money? me all she knew about these boys.''?
Short Qs 2 marks Long Qs 8 marks

Answer the following questions in 30-40 words: Answer the following questions in about 150 words:
5. How effective is the phrase, ‘‘We are not 13. Write a letter from the perspective of the
complaining, sir.’’ in conveying the theme narrator to a friend, describing the encounter
of resilience in the face of challenges in the with the boys in Verona and the impact it had
story, ‘Two Gentlemen of Verona’? on you.
6. What is Stanley Houghton's primary purpose 14. Write a paragraph discussing the emotional
in revealing the boys’ secret about their sister impact of the theme of family bonds and the
Lucia? sacrifices made for loved ones as evident in
the story.
7. Comment on the author’s writing style in the
story, ‘Two Gentlemen of Verona’. 15. You've been invited to write an article for a
humanitarian magazine. Write an article that
8. In the story, how is the boys’ character a delves into the importance of resilience in the
commentary on the struggles of families who face of adversity. Share examples of Nicola
have faced the hardships and consequences and Jacopo and their persistence to improve
of war? their sisters’ health.
9. The ending of the story came as a surprise to 16. How does the story of the two boys in Verona
the readers. Comment. demonstrate the importance of perseverance,
determination, and optimism, especially in
10. Describe the family meeting at the hospital in challenging circumstances, and what lessons
your own words. can we learn from their example?
NCERT QUESTIONS
18. Why were the boys in the deserted square at
Short Qs 2 marks
night? What character traits do they exhibit?
Answer the following questions in 30-40 words:
Long Qs 8 marks
17. What do you understand by the following
Answer the following questions in about 150 words:
statement?
(A) He coloured deeply under his sunburn, 19. As the narrator, write an article on the
then grew pale. lesson of love, faith and trust that you have
learnt from the two young boys of Verona.
(B) Yet, in both these boyish faces, there was
a seriousness which was far beyond their 20. Appearances are deceptive. Discuss with
years. reference to the two boys.

(C) What offer was made by ‘sir’?
Extract Based Qs 4 marks
(D) What does the word ‘pause’ mean?
21. Read the extract given below and answer the [CBSE 2020]
questions that follow:
There was a pause. Nicola was glaring at his 22. Read the extract given below and answer the
younger brother in vexation. ‘‘We could not questions that follow:
think of troubling you, sir.’’ “Well," I said, "we're leaving on Monday. Is there
(A) Who is referred to as ‘sir’ here? anything I can do for you before we go?"
(B) Why did Nicola glare at his younger Nicola shook his head, but suddenly Jacopo
brother? said, “Sir," he burst out, "every Sunday we make

a visit to the country, to Poleta, 30 kilometres (C) What was the villa being used as?
from here. Usually we hire bicycles. (D) Fill in the blank with an appropriate
But tomorrow, since you are so kind, you might answer:
send us in your car." The word ........ in the extract means,
I had already told Luigi he might have the 'sensitive.' [CBSE 2012, 13]
Sunday off. However, I answered, “I'll drive you
out myself."
There was a pause. Nicola was glaring at his
Short Qs 2 marks
young brother in vexation . "We could not think Answer the following questions in 30-40 words:
of troubling you, sir."
"It won't be any trouble." 25. Why was Nicola not willing to share his
plans with the narrator? [CBSE 2019]
(A) Identify the phrase that indicates
that the visit to Poleta on Sundays is 26. Although Nicola and Jacopo were young
significant as a routine or tradition. boys, the author refer to them as gentlemen.
(B) What does the narrator's offer to drive Why did he do so? [CBSE 2012]
the brothers to Poleta reveal about his
character? 27. How did the boys make themselves useful to
(C) Why was there a pause after the the narrator? [CBSE 2014]
narrator's offer?
28. Draw the contrast between 'childish' and
(D) State one reason why Jacopo might have 'artless' faces and the 'seriousness' beyond
wanted a car ride despite the choice of
their years visible on them in the story.
hired bicycles? [CBSE SQP 2023]
[CBSE 2012]
23. Read the extract given below and answer the
questions that follow: Long Qs 8 marks
"We do many things, Sir", Nicola answered
seriously. He glanced at us hopefully. “Often Answer the following questions in about 150 words:
we show visitors through the town ....to Juliet's
29. Describe the dedication with which Nicola
tomb.... and other places of interest."
and Jacopo look after their sister.
(A) To whom is Nicola speaking? [CBSE 2019]
(B) What things did Nicola and his brother
do ? 30. "When you live for a strong purpose, then
(C) What does the word 'glanced' mean? hard work isn't an option. It is a necessity.”
(D) Why was Nicola serious? Both Nicola and Jacopo were hardworking
and uncomplaining. You, too, realise the
[CBSE 2016, 15]
importance of hard work after reading their
24. Read the extract given below and answer the story. Write an article on 'Virtues of Hard
questions that follow: Work.' [CBSE 2015]
The two boys were seated at the bedside
of a girl of about twenty, who, propped up
31. "If we have no peace, it is because we have
on pillows, wearing a pretty lace jacket, forgotten that we belong to each other."
was listening to their chatter, her eyes soft -Mother Teresa.
and tender. One could see at a glance her Both Nicola and Jacopo are perfect examples
resemblance to her brothers. of selflessness. Motivated by these two
(A) Who was seeing the scene described young boys, you decide to do something for
here? the poor and join an NGO. Write a letter to a
(B) What is the relation between the girl and friend describing your experience of working
the two boys? with the NGO. [CBSE 2015]
PUSH YOURSELF
make a visit to the country, to Poleta, 30
Extract Based Qs kilometres from here. Usually we hire bicycles.
But tomorrow, since you are so kind, you might
send us in your car."
I had already told Luigi he might have the
Nicola shook his head, but suddenly Jacopo Sunday off. However, I answered, “I'll drive you
said, “Sir," he burst out, "every Sunday we out myself."

There was a pause. Nicola was glaring at his (A) Explore the deeper meaning behind the
young brother in vexation. "We could not think narrator's referring to the boys as ‘our
of troubling you, sir." friends’. 1
"It won't be any trouble." (B) How does the line, ‘‘We do many things,
He bit his lip, then, in a rather put out tone, he sir,’’ contribute to the reader’s perception
said, "Very well." of the boys? 1
(A) What can be inferred about Nicola’s (C) Why did the narrator ‘smile’ after
thoughts and feelings from the line, “He knowing the boys’ occupations? 1
bit his lip, then, in a rather put out tone, he
(D) Explain the meaning of the line, ‘They
said, Very well."? 1 were childish enough, and in many ways
(B) How does the narrator’s offer to drive quite artless’. 1
the boys contribute to the theme of
kindness and generosity? 1
Short Qs
(C) What is the significance of the boys'
request to visit the country? 1 Answer the following questions in 30-40 words:
(D) Comment on the irony highlighted in the 3. The boys sacrifice, sincerity and devotion
given extract. 1 to the cause give a new hope for humanity.
2. Read the extract given below and answer Elaborate with reference to the story. 2
the questions that follow: 4. ‘‘War had not broken their spirit''. In light of the
Next morning, coming out of our hotel, we saw given line, bring out the central theme of the
our friends bent over shoeshine boxes beside story. 2
the fountain in the public square, doing a brisk
business. 5. Comment on the significance of the title ‘Two
We watched for a few moments; then as trade Gentlemen of Verona’. 2
slackened we went over. They greeted us with
friendly faces. Long Qs
"I thought you picked fruit for a living," I said.
Answer the following questions in about 150
"We do many things, sir," Nicola answered words:
seriously. He glanced at us hopefully. "Often
we show visitors through the town ... to Juliet's 6. Write a diary entry from Nicola's perspective,
tomb ... and other places of interest." expressing his hidden desires and dreams for
the future that he might not have shared with
Alright, "I smiled."You take us along."
anyone. 8
As we made the rounds, my interest was again
provoked by their remarkable demeanour. 7. In the story, ‘Two Gentlemen of Verona’ the
They were childish enough, and in many ways concept of selflessness is explored by the two
quite artless. boys. Elucidate. 8

1. (A) Based on the description of their clothing, 3. (A) When the writer asked Nicola if he could
it can be inferred that the boys may do something for them as he was leaving
be experiencing financial hardship or the next day, Nicola shook his head in a
come from a less privileged economic gesture that indicated a refusal to accept
background. any favour. It reflects their values of
(B) The shoeshine boxes can be symbolic of consideration and gratitude.
the boys' resilience and resourcefulness in (B) The boys made a visit to Poleta to see their
the face of economic challenges. ailing sister and to pay the hospital fees.
(C) "Brisk business" suggests that the boys (C) In the line, 'There was a pause. Nicola was
are running their shoeshine service with a glaring at his young brother in vexation,'
great deal of success and activity. the word 'vexation' means annoyance or
frustration.
(D) The narrator felt that there was something
(D) The narrator's response, "It won't be any
compelling about the boys that captured
trouble," suggests that he is kind and willing
his attention. The word from the extract
to help others without hesitation.
which displays this is ‘strangely attracted.’
4. (A) Nicola's uncomfortable smile and low
2. (A) The nurse's tone is probably serious or
voice create a tense and uncertain mood,
depressing when she states, "and they
indicating his hesitation and reluctance to
had suffered horribly from near starvation
discuss their plans openly.
and exposure to the cold winter." It
(B) Nicola glanced downward in
expresses sympathy or melancholy for the
embarrassment because he wanted
circumstances the kids have faced.
to keep their "plans" of working hard
(B) The children's suffering from starvation and late into the night and living frugally a
the harsh winter weather represent the secret, without anyone knowing. Nicola's
tremendous difficulties they encountered in reluctance to share details suggests he is
the years following the war. It emphasises private and cautious.
how resilient and determined they are to (C) ‘Coloured deeply under his sunburn'
live in spite of difficult circumstances. means Nicola's face turned red, showing
(C) Though at first the narrator was hesitant his embarrassment or nervousness, even
to interrupt what he thought was a joyful beneath his sunburned skin.
family time, his interest in learning more (D) The speaker assumed that the boys must
about the boys' past indicates a sincere be saving money to go to America.
worry and a strong desire to understand
the struggles they have endured. 5. The boys' statement illustrates their
(D) The narrator might have felt a combination capacity to endure adversity without
of empathy, admiration for the boys' showing dissatisfaction or bitterness. The
determination, and also a stronger sense of statement implies a solid acceptance of their
connection with them after hearing about circumstances, highlighting their resilience and
their story. will to keep going in the face of difficulty.

6. The writer’s purpose behind revealing the boys’ Dear friend,
secret about their sister, Lucia, is to create a I hope this letter finds you well. I wanted to share
sense of appreciation among the readers for an incredible experience from my recent trip to
these two young boys who were not selling Verona. While driving through the Alps, we met
things to live a lavish life but were saving up to two remarkable boys, Nicola and Jacopo. They
were selling wild strawberries and, despite their
help their sick sister.
worn clothes, their spirit was inspiring.
7. The suspense in the story builds as the reader We got to know them, and they weren't just
wonders what the two boys are planning. The selling fruit; they were working hard to support
realisation of their sister's illness changes the their sister, Lucia. She had been through so much
course of the story and gives the plot more but was making progress in a hospital. Nicola
and Jacopo, despite their challenges, showed
depth. Overall, the story is thought-provoking
resilience and selflessness, which moved me
and emotionally resonant due to the author's deeply.
skillful writing style, which effectively engages
Their experience got me thinking about how
the reader.
resilient people can be, particularly when faced
8. Despite being young, their tenacity, with hardship. I was deeply impacted by the
boys' unwavering determination and their
resourcefulness, and willingness to put
unwavering devotion to their sister. It is a noble
in a lot of effort in a variety of duties are and hopeful story that I will always cherish.
suggestive of the larger difficulties that families
A.J. Cronin
frequently encounter in the aftermath of war.
The boys’ hardworking nature represents 14. Nicola and Jacopo are the characters in the
resilience and strength. story which vividly illustrates the theme of
familial relationships and the sacrifices made
9. The ending of the story indeed comes as a for loved ones. These two brothers show
surprise for the readers. The boys' obstacles on unwavering dedication to their sister Lucia,
a daily basis, their tenacity, and the narrator's despite hardships and challenges. The loss of
their father, being homeless during the war, and
kindness are highlighted throughout the story.
Lucia's illness didn't break them; rather, they
The boys' commitment to Lucia and their
became more devoted to one another. To pay
knowledge about her illness give the narrative for Lucia's medical expenses, Nicola and Jacopo
a deeper level of complexity. put in a lot of overtime selling fruit, shining
shoes, and performing odd jobs.
10. At the hospital, the boys met their sister Lucia,
who was sick but happy. They talked lovingly Their compassionate deeds reveal the powerful
with her, surrounded by flowers and books. The influence of familial bonds. This touching tale
nurse praised their dedication, and they left offers inspiration and hope by demonstrating
feeling proud and hopeful. how love and sacrifice within a family can
overcome adversity. It serves as a reminder
11. Yes, the story can be seen as a comment on the of the power of close family bonds and the
true character of a gentleman. The boys display readiness to make sacrifices for our loved ones.
qualities like kindness, hard work, and devotion Through the experiences of both the brothers
to family, which are often associated with being who, from a very young age maintained their
a gentleman. Their selfless actions and noble strength, one can try to remain optimistic when
behaviour throughout the story reflect these faced with life's most difficult challenges.
qualities.
15. Importance of Resilience in Harsh Times
12. The characteristics of the narrator revealed in
the line "I drew up and begged her to tell me Being resilient and never giving up is crucial
all she knew about these boys" include curiosity, in a world where challenging circumstances
compassion, and a desire to understand and happen. Nicola and Jacopo, two brothers from
learn more about others' experiences and Verona, show us how important it is to stay
situations. strong, even when faced with difficult situations.
Nicola and Jacopo had difficult circumstances,
13. House number-52 including losing their father, being homeless,
Lawrence Road and caring for their sick sister Lucia. However,
Verona they chose to be brave and take on their
14 December 20XX challenges rather than dwell in sadness.

Their story teaches us that being strong doesn't war despite losing their father, their house, and
mean things are easy. It means facing problems other set of difficulties. To sustain themselves
with a positive attitude and not giving up. The and their sister Lucia, they put in a lot of effort
tenacity of Nicola and Jacopo also demonstrates at everything, from selling fruit to shining shoes.
to us that things can get better when we lend a Their story teaches us several valuable lessons.
hand and encourage one another. To begin with, it demonstrates that obstacles
Let's not forget that supporting one another are a natural part of life, but they may be
and remaining strong can go a long way, even overcome with tenacity and resolve. Secondly,
in times of difficulty. Their narrative serves as it underscores the power of positivity and
optimism in the face of challenging situations.
a reminder that we are all capable of being
Despite their difficulties, Nicola and Jacopo
resilient and improving the world.
never lost hope and were committed to seeing
16. The story of the two boys in Verona shows us the their sister to recover.
importance of perseverance, determination, and Their example inspires us to never lose hope,
optimism, especially when facing tough times. to work hard towards our goals, and to always
Nicola and Jacopo persevered throughout the support and care for our family and loved ones.
NCERT QUESTIONS
17. (A) The narrator could clearly see Nicola's will get better. Their unwavering belief in a
reddish-brown complexion, which had bright future is comparable to the warmth of
caused him to become anxious and the sun. They also have faith in people. They
confused upon hearing the narrator's demonstrate the value of trusting people by
words. Suddenly, Nicola's face turned pale, assisting visitors and accepting assistance.
as he was afraid that the secret which they
As the one telling their story, I learned so much
had kept would now be revealed.
from Nicola and Jacopo. They teach us that
(B) The innocent and youthful expression on love, faith, and trust make life beautiful, just like
Nicola and Jacopo’s faces really struck the charming streets of Verona.
the narrator. He believed they were very
innocent and straightforward. However, he 20. The story of Nicola and Jacopo vividly
also observed a seriousness in them which illustrates the saying, "Appearances are
could never be found on the faces of the deceptive." At first, the two boys may seem
children of their age. like ordinary street vendors who go on to
do multiple tasks in order to earn money.
18. The boys were waiting for the last Padua bus
However, as the narrative unfolds, it becomes
to sell newspapers to the passengers getting
off the bus. The boys were always eager to evident that their external appearances hide
find ways to engage in work in order to make the depth of their characters.
money. This reveals their hard - working nature. Despite their humble roles, Nicola and Jacopo
reveal hidden strengths—resilience, dedication,
19. The Power of Faith and Trust and selflessness. They work tirelessly, not
Today I met Nicola and Jacopo, the two special just to sustain themselves, but to support
boys, in the busy streets of Verona. They may their ailing sister, Lucia. Their acts of kindness,
be street vendors, but they have given me such as guiding tourists and helping others,
valuable life lessons about faith, love, and trust. showcase a nobility that goes beyond their
First of all, their affection for their sister Lucia outward circumstances. The narrator is
is unwavering and brilliant. They put in a lot of surprised when it is revealed that they don't
effort every day to support her, demonstrating spend a penny on themselves, but all they
that love is more than just words—it also want is for their sister to become better. The
involves deeds. Second, even in the face of story teaches us not to judge people based on
adversity, these boys firmly believe that things how they look or their occupations.

21. (A) In the given context, "sir" refers to the (C) The offer made by "sir" was to drive Nicola
narrator. and Jacopo to the country instead of them
(B) Nicola was glaring at his younger brother hiring bicycles.
in vexation because he was asking for a
favour from a stranger which was against (D) The word "pause" means a temporary stop
their self-respect. or hesitation in action.

22. (A) The phrase that indicates that the visit 28. The boys' "childish" and "artless" faces
to Poleta on Sundays is significant as a reflect innocence and sincerity, while their
routine or tradition is "every Sunday". "seriousness beyond their years" shows
(B) The narrator's offer to drive the brothers to maturity and responsibility. This contrast
Poleta reveals his kindness and generosity. highlights their dual nature, combining
youthful energy with a mature sense of duty
(C) There was a pause after the narrator's
and determination.
offer because Nicola was taken aback by
Jacopo's request and needed a moment to 29. Nicola’s and Jacopo’s dedication to their sister
process it. is truly remarkable. Despite facing immense
(D) Jacopo might have wanted a car ride challenges, these two young brothers show
despite the choice of hired bicycles because unwavering commitment to their family.
Their sister, suffering from tuberculosis of the
a car ride would be more efficient and less
spine, becomes their top priority. They work
tiring than cycling for 30 kilometers. tirelessly, taking on odd jobs like shining shoes,
23. (A) Nicola is speaking to the narrator. selling fruit, hawking newspapers, and even
working as tourist guides. Every penny they
(B) Nicola and his brother do many things, earn is devoted to her medical treatment.
including showing visitors around the town,
Their love for their sister is evident in their
particularly to places like Juliet's tomb and
selfless actions. They put her needs before
other places of interest. their own. Despite their impoverished
(C) The word 'glanced' means to look quickly circumstances, Nicola and Jacopo never seek
or briefly at something. sympathy but work hard to provide the best
(D) Nicola was serious because he did not care they can. Their positive approach and
determination shine through, inspiring those
want to share the details of his personal
around them. In the face of adversity, these
life with a stranger.
two brothers exemplify the true meaning of
24. (A) The narrator was seeing the scene family and sacrifice, showcasing the strength
described here. of human spirit and the hope for a better
tomorrow.
(B) The girl at the bedside is Lucia, who is the
sister of the two boys, Nicola and Jacopo. 30. Virtues of Hard Work
by Abc
(C) The villa is being used as a hospital, as
Hard work is not an option when you have a
indicated by the presence of a trained strong sense of purpose in life. It is essential.
nurse and the description of the setting. Nicola and Jacopo did not waste any
(D) The word 'tender' in the extract means time grabbing any available employment
'sensitive.' opportunities. They were never unemployed
because of their eagerness to work and their
25. When the narrator asks the boys about their commitment to their employment. Both of
plans, they become very evasive, especially them were hardworking and uncomplaining.
Nicola. It's just that they don't want random These days, a lot of individuals don't want to
people to know about their plans. It's highly put in the hard work and perseverance required
likely that they avoid becoming a target of to achieve. These people then question why it
sympathy because they value their dignity. is that some people succeed while others fail. It
has long been understood how important it is to
26. The author refers to Nicola and Jacopo as work hard and be determined.
gentlemen because of their behaviour and Success comes from a lot of hard work. Nothing
qualities. Despite their young age, they display in life is simple. To succeed, one must possess
characteristics typically associated with being the mental fortitude and body to struggle and
a gentleman. They show kindness, honesty, work hard to reach one's full potential.
hard work, and a sense of responsibility
31. House number - 12
towards their family.
Lawrence Road
27. They helped the narrator with local knowledge, New Delhi - 110009
such as where to find specific items like
12 November 20XX
American cigarettes or seats for the opera. The
boys ran errands, shined shoes, sold fruit, and Dear Riya,
hawked newspapers, fulfilling various tasks How are you? I am good too. Do you remember
that the narrator needed help with. the story 'Two Gentlemen of Verona'? If not,

please read it. It will inspire you, just like it habits, good cleanliness, and how to use
motivated me. electronics and appliances efficiently. Being in
I also made the decision to help the close proximity to nature and having a serene
underprivileged and joined an NGO after atmosphere was fantastic. I got acquainted
reading the compassionate story of Nicola and with people who have devoted their whole
Jacopo in "Two Gentlemen of Verona." For me, lives to the betterment of society, with no self-
it was an exceptional experience. I felt really gain or greed behind it. I am truly enjoying this
satisfied and at peace with myself.
selfless experience.
We conducted adult literacy lessons at the
Yours lovingly
area's only school and drove to a village every
morning to teach people there about healthy Roshni
PUSH YOURSELF
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Push Yourself

Introduction
 "Mrs. Packletide's Tiger" delves into the character of absurdities of pride and competitiveness in society,
Mrs. Packletide, who is consumed by an overwhelming as well as the hilarious outcomes that follow. The
need for social acceptance. She sets out on a tiger- narrative skillfully handles the consequences that
shooting expedition to outshine her rival, Loona result from Mrs. Packletide's absurd actions through
Bimberton. Saki's story delves satirically into the wit and humor.
Significant Morals
(1) The need for social acceptance can push us to engage in pointless or even immoral activities.
(2) It is important to respect wildlife and their habitats.
(3) Instead of giving in to peer pressure, one should consider the sincerity and significance of their goals.
Dictionary
Tawny Yellow-brown in color, especially tan, ochre grey, black
as applied to the fur of animals.
Swarmed Moved or gathered in large thronged, flooded dispersed, scattered
numbers in a disorderly or
crowded way.
Succumbed Yielded to pressure, persuasion, or surrendered, ceded, resisted, defied
temptation; gave way.
Crouched Bent low with the knees flexed hunched, squatted stood, straightened
and the body close to the ground.
Accurately Without error or mistake precisely, exactly inaccurately, incorrectly
Morbid Having or showing an unhealthy macabre, ghoulish healthy, cheerful
interest in death and suffering.
Curtail Shorten or restrict the duration or abbreviate, limit lengthen, extend
extent of something.
Infirmities Physical or mental weakness or ailments, disabilities strengths, wellbeing
illness
Compelling Powerful and irresistible; forcing captivating, persuasive dull, uninteresting
attention or admiration.
Procured Obtained or acquired something, secured, gathered lost, relinquished
often with difficulty or effort.

(C) How does the author use this extract
Extract Based Qs 4 marks to emphasise the broader significance
of Mrs. Packletide's actions within the
narrative?
(D) The crowd was happy after assuming
It was Mrs. Packletide's pleasure and intention that the tiger had been killed. This reflects
that she should shoot a tiger. Not that the lust the negative aspect of the society and
to kill had suddenly descended on her, or that their ability to hurt the innocent ones.
she felt that she would leave India safer and Comment.
more wholesome than she had found it, with
one fraction less of wild beast per million of 3. Read the extract given below and answer
inhabitants. The compelling motive for her the questions that follow:
sudden deviation towards the footsteps of Mothers carrying their babies through the
Nimrod was the fact that Loona Bimberton jungle after the day's work in the fields hushed
had recently been carried eleven miles in an their singing lest they might curtail the restful
aeroplane by an Algerian aviator, and talked of sleep of the venerable herd - robber.
nothing else; only a personally procured tiger- (A) How does the author's tone in this
skin and a heavy harvest of press photographs sentence contribute to the overall mood
could successfully counter that sort of thing. of the passage?
(B) What is the meaning of the term
(A) What can be inferred about Mrs.
'venerable herd-robber,' and who is
Packletide’s attitude from her desire to
typically referred to using this expression?
leave India ‘safer and more wholesome’?
(C) What was the ulterior motive for such
(B) List the meaning of, ‘heavy harvest of precautions?
press photographs’ as given in the extract.
(D) What literary device is employed in the
(C) In the context of the story, what phrase 'Venerable herd-robber'?
significance does shooting a tiger hold
for Mrs. Packletide? 4. Read the extract given below and answer
(D) Loona Bimberton had a desire to gain
recognition and fame in society. Which "With an accurately sighted rifle and a
line in the extract suggests her penchant thumbnail pack of patience cards the
sportswoman awaited the coming of the
for seeking attention?
quarry."
2. Read the extract given below and answer "I suppose we are in some danger?" said Miss
the questions that follow: Mebbin.
The rifle flashed out with a loud report, and She was not actually nervous about the
the great tawny beast sprang to one side wild beast, but she had a morbid dread of
and then rolled over in the stillness of death. performing an atom more service than she had
In a moment a crowd of excited natives had been paid for.
swarmed on to the scene, and their shouting (A) How does Miss Mebbin's statement
speedily carried the glad news to the village, contribute to the tone of the extract?
where a thumping of tom-toms took up the (B) What does "the quarry" refer to?
chorus of triumph. And their triumph and (C) What is the significance of her carrying
rejoicing found a ready echo in the heart of the 'thumbnail pack of patience'?
Mrs. Packletide; already that luncheon-party in (D) What can you infer about Miss Mebbin's
Curzon Street seemed immeasurably nearer. character from her statement about
(A) How does the author use visual imagery "performing an atom more service than she
to convey the excitement and celebration had been paid for"?
of the villagers in response to Mrs.
Packletide's actions? Short Qs 2 marks
(B) Identify the tone in the given lines, ‘and
rejoicing found a ready echo in the heart of
Mrs. Packletide; already that luncheon-party 5. How effective is the use of the line ‘her
in Curzon Street seemed immeasurably movements and motives were largely governed
nearer.’ by dislike of Loona Bimberton.’ in conveying the
Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger 81

theme of rivalry and competition between 12. Why was Mrs. Packletide confident that the
Mrs. Packletide and Loona Bimberton? truth about not shooting the tiger would
remain undisclosed, despite her knowledge
of it?
story, ‘Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger’.
7. In the story, ‘Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger’, how is Long Qs 8 marks

Mrs. Packletide’s character a commentary on
the vanity, superficiality, and competitiveness
that can exist within society? 13. Write a conversation between Mrs. Packletide
and the journalist who interviews her after
8. In the story, ‘Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger’, when
the incident. Share how Mrs. Packletide is
Louisa Mebbin said, "How amused everyone
filled with a sense of guilt for deciding to hunt
would be if they knew what really happened,"
in the first place.
explain what she meant.
14. Write a tweet from Loona Bimberton's
9. What is Saki’s primary purpose in showcasing
perspective, responding to Mrs. Packletide's
Mrs. Packletide’s downfall in the narrative?
tiger-shooting. How might she express her
10. How has the author highlight the absurdity of thoughts on the situation in a concise tweet?
Mrs. Packletide's actions and societal values?
15. How does the story "Mrs. Packletide's Tiger"
11. "Mrs Packletide was pardonably annoyed at illustrate "Even a biter can be bitten" and
the discovery." What made her annoyed? what moral lessons does the story impart?
NCERT QUESTIONS
17. Do you think the silent figure of Loona
Short Qs 2 marks
Bimberton in the background, plays a crucial
Answer the following questions in 30-40 words: role in the story? Explain.
18. Do you think the tiger shooting organized
16. How did Miss Mebbin manage to get her by the villagers was a serious affair? Give
week-end cottage? Why did she plant so reasons for your answer.
many tiger lilies in her garden? 19. Mrs. Packletide was a good shot. Discuss

Extract Based Qs 4 marks questions that follow:
Mrs. Packletide indulges in no more big-game
20. Read the extract given below and answer the shooting.
questions that follow: "The incidental expenses are so heavy", she
As for Loona Bimberton, she refused to look at confides to inquiring friends.
an illustrated paper for weeks, and her letter of (A) The word ........... in the extract means
thanks for the gift of a tiger-claw brooch was a 'secondary.'
model of repressed emotions. (B) What lesson does Mrs. Packletide learn
during the big game hunting?
(A) Why did Loona Bimberton not look at (C) How did the incidental expenses become
the papers for weeks? heavy?
(B) The word ......... in the extract means (D) How would you assess the heavy
'restrained'. expenses of Mrs. Packletide? [CBSE 2012]
(C) Why were her emotions 'repressed'? 22. Read the extract given below and answer the
(D) State the motive behind presenting a
"How you shot the goat and frightened the
tiger-claw brooch to Loona Bimberton. tiger to death", said Miss Mebbin, with her
[CBSE 2011] disagreeably pleasant laugh.

(A) In the above statement Louisa Mebbin is 25. Humour plays a major role in the chapter,
making fun of Mrs. Packletide. Why? 'Mrs. Packletide's Tiger'. Prove this statement
with the instances of humour. [CBSE 2024]
(B) Which characteristic of Louisa Mebbin is
highlighted in the above extract? 26. What was the motive behind the killing of
(C) Which word in the above extract means the tiger? [CBSE 2016, 14, 11]
the same as 'scared'? 27. Miss Mebbin was a clever opportunist.
(D) What hidden intentions were in the mind Substanciate with reference to the story.
of Louisa Mebbin when she made the [CBSE 2019]
statement? [CBSE 2015] 28. How was the tiger hunting more beneficial
to others than Mrs. Packeltide? [CBSE 2016]
Short Qs 2 marks
Answer the following questions in 30-40 words: Long Q 8 marks
23. What arrangements were made by the Answer the following question in about 150 words:
villagers to make a tiger available to Mrs. 29. The story 'Mrs. Packletide's Tiger' revolves
Packletide and thus earn a thousand rupees? around big time shooting. Though hunting
[CBSE 2019] is banned nowadays, animals are still being
hunted. Write an article for 'Earth Today'
24. Show that Miss Mebbin is greedy and Miss magazine titled 'Impact of Killing Animals
Packletide is jealous. [CBSE 2020] on Environment'. [CBSE 2015]
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Mention any one characteristic of the

Extract Based Qs
villagers revealed here. 1
1. Read the extract given below and answer the (D) Identify a word from the extract that is a
questions that follow: synonym of ‘discouraged’. 1
Circumstances proved propitious. Mrs.
Packletide had offered a thousand rupees for 2. Read the extract given below and answer
the opportunity of shooting a tiger without the questions that follow:
over-much risk or exertion, and it so happened Therefore, Mrs. Packletide faced the cameras
that a neighbouring village could boast of with a light heart, and her pictured fame
being the favoured rendezvous of an animal reached from the pages of the Texas
of respectable antecedents, which had been Weekly Snapshot to the illustrated Monday
driven by the increasing infirmities of age to supplement of the Novoe Vremya. As for Loona
abandon game-killing and confine its appetite Bimberton, she refused to look at an illustrated
to the smaller domestic animals. The prospect paper for weeks, and her letter of thanks for
of earning the thousand rupees had stimulated the gift of a tiger-claw brooch was a model
the sporting and commercial instinct of the of repressed emotions. The luncheon-party
villagers. she declined. There are limits beyond which
(A) Identify the phrase that indicates that repressed emotions become dangerous.
suggest about the favourable conditions (A) What can be inferred about Mrs.
that Mrs. Packletide encounters. 1 Packletide's emotional state when facing
(B) How has the author used humour in the the cameras with a light heart? 1
line ‘....of being the favoured rendezvous of (B) What does the line There are limits
an animal of respectable antecedents’? 1 beyond which repressed emotions become
(C) ‘'The prospect of earning the thousand dangerous. ‘‘mean’? 1
rupees had stimulated the sporting and (C) How does Loona Bimberton's refusal
commercial instinct of the villagers.' to look at illustrated papers for weeks

impact the reader's perception of her after superficial achievements. Validate this
character? 1 statement with reference to the story. 2
(D) How does the genre of the story seem to
blend elements of dark comedy? 1 Long Qs
Answer the following questions in about 150
Short Qs words:
Answer the following questions in 30-40 words: 6. Write a letter from one of the villagers to Mrs.
3. Having a weakness for publicity sometimes Packletide, expressing their disappointment
leads to humorous consequences. Comment and frustration at being deceived about the
with reference to, ‘Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger’. 2 tiger's death. 8
4. Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger is a social satire that 7. In the story, the desire for recognition
focuses on the insane vanities of human
is explored through the actions of Mrs.
beings. Elucidate. 2 Packletide. As Mrs. Packeltide, write a diary
5. You slowly begin to learn what truly brings entry reflecting our emotions and how to
fulfillment in life, as opposed to running intend to seek the path of redemption. 8

1. (A) Mrs. Packletide's desire to leave India suggests that Mrs. Packletide sees the
"safer and more wholesome" suggests an tiger-shooting as a means of enhancing
insincere attitude. It implies that her true her social status.
motives for shooting a tiger are not rooted (D) The crowd's happiness upon assuming that
in a genuine concern for public safety but the tiger has been killed reflects a negative
rather in her personal desire for recognition aspect of society, particularly in its ability
and social standing. to find joy in the suffering or demise of
(B) In the context of the extract, the line 'heavy others, even innocent creatures. This could
harvest of press photographs' implies that be interpreted as a commentary on the
Mrs. Packletide sees shooting a tiger as a societal values that prioritise superficial
means to garner a large number of media achievements, like Mrs. Packletide's tiger-
photographs. It suggests her intention to shooting, over ethical considerations or
create a spectacle and attract significant empathy for life.
attention from the press.
3. (A) Mothers hushed their singing to avoid
(C) Shooting a tiger symbolises Mrs.
disturbing the tiger from his restful
Packletide's pursuit of social status and
slumber. The author's serious tone in this
recognition. It serves as a status symbol
sentence makes the mood of the passage
and a way for her to compete with Loona
cautious and respectful towards the tiger.
Bimberton.
(B)
The term 'venerable herd-robber' refers
(D) A line in the extract which suggests her
to the tiger, highlighting its contradictory
penchant for seeking attention is ‘a heavy
nature. It signifies both respect, as
harvest of press photographs’.
suggested by 'venerable', and the predatory
2. (A) The author uses visual imagery to convey aspect, as 'herd-robber' indicates its role in
the excitement and celebration of the preying on other animals for survival.
villagers by describing a vivid scene. (C) The villagers took precautions to ensure
Phrases like "flashed out with a loud that the old and troublesome tiger would
report," "the great tawny beast sprang to be delivered to Mrs. Packletide alive and
one side," and "a crowd of excited natives intact for her to hunt. Their motivation
had swarmed on to the scene" paint a stemmed from the promise of a ₹1000/-
picture of a dynamic and lively event. reward for their cooperation.
(B) The use of words like "rejoicing," "echo," and (D) The figure of speech used here is oxymoron.
"immeasurably nearer" conveys a sense of An oxymoron is a figure of speech in which
heightened anticipation and eagerness. apparently contradictory terms appear
(C) The author uses this extract to emphasise together.
the broader significance of Mrs. Packletide's
actions within the narrative by highlighting 4. (A) Miss Mebbin's statement adds to a tone of
the immediate impact on the villagers and concern and caution to the extract.
Mrs. Packletide's own sense of triumph. (B) 'The quarry' refers to the tiger that was to
The anticipation of the luncheon-party be hunted down by Mrs. Packletide.

(C) A brave, confident and calm Mrs. Packletide Packletide was frustrated because the goat
carried with her the "thumbnail pack of displayed a visible wound, unlike the tiger.
patience" to tide over the time they might
12. Mrs Packletide was sure that the villagers
have to wait for the tiger's arrival by
would be silent as they did not want to loose
playing a game of cards.
the thousand rupees that was promised to
(D) Miss Mebbin seems to have a practical and them. Miss Mebbin who was the other person
business-like approach. She is focused on who knew about the mishap, sold her silence
fulfilling her duties as per her agreement or to Mrs. Packletide in exchange for a weekend
payment, without going beyond what she cottage.
considers necessary.
13. Journalist: Good afternoon, Mrs. Packletide.
5. The line effectively conveys the theme of Thank you for taking the time for this interview.
rivalry by highlighting that Mrs. Packletide's Can you share your feelings about the tiger-
actions are driven by a strong dislike for shooting incident?
Loona Bimberton. This suggests a competitive
Mrs. Packletide: Good afternoon. Well, to be

relationship where Mrs. Packletide's decisions
honest, I feel a bit uneasy about the whole thing.
are influenced by a desire to outshine or
I never thought hunting a tiger would stir up so
surpass her rival.
much attention.
6. The author's writing style in the story "Mrs. Journalist: Why did you decide to shoot the

Packletide’s Tiger" is clever and humorous. Saki tiger in the first place?
uses wit and satire to explore the absurdities
Mrs. Packletide: It was all about competing

of societal values and individual pursuits in this
with Loona Bimberton.
story.
Journalist: Do you regret your decision?

7. Mrs. Packletide's relentless pursuit of social
Mrs. Packletide: Oh, terribly! The villagers

status, reflects a society that values outward
celebrated, but I can't shake off this guilt. The
displays of success over genuine substance.
tiger was innocent, and my actions were driven
The rivalry with Loona Bimberton underscores
by the wrong reasons. I wish I had thought it
the superficial nature of such competitions.
through before going along with the plan.
8. When Louisa Mebbin says, "How amused Journalist: Thank you for your honesty, Mrs.

everyone would be if they knew what really Packletide.
happened," she implies that the truth behind
Mrs. Packletide: I just hope others can learn

Mrs. Packletide's tiger-shooting is different
from my mistake.
from the public perception. It suggests that the
actual events may be humorous or ironic, and 14. @LoonaBimberton
the public's admiration for Mrs. Packletide is
I just heard about Mrs. Packletide's tiger-
based on a misconception.
shooting escapade. Honestly, I'm all for thrilling
9. Saki's primary purpose in showcasing stories, but endangering wildlife for a silly
Mrs. Packletide's downfall is to satirize competition? Not my style! Let's celebrate
societal values and the pursuit of shallow achievements that don't harm innocent
accomplishments. By exposing the absurdity of creatures. I don’t understand why was there
Mrs. Packletide's actions, the author criticizes a need for Mrs. Packeltide to be jealous. If she
the societal norms that prioritize image over wanted to be famous like me, she should have
substance. done something charitable like donating for a
school or raising awareness against animal
10. The exaggerated nature of her pursuit, such as cruelty. I feel so bad for her now and I hope she
shooting a tiger for social acclaim, is presented seeks a path of redemption for the sin she has
in a comedic light, inviting readers to reflect on committed by killing an innocent animal.
the irrationality of societal expectations.
On a serious note, let's promote kindness over
11. Miss Louisa Mebbin's observation revealed rivalry. Mrs. Packletide, maybe next time let's
that it was the goat, not the tiger, that was compete in something positive for society?
shot by Mrs. Packletide's rifle. The tiger died of Remember, our actions echo louder than our
heart failure triggered by the rifle's noise. Mrs. victories. Also, my amazing readers, I hope you

all learn from Mrs. Packletide’s experience and Mrs. Packletide targeted Mrs. Loona Bimberton,
next time think of the consequences before you but Miss Mebbin targeted her too. Miss Mebbin,
try to harm any living being. the manipulative one, began blackmailing
Goodbye friends! Mrs. Packletide. Mrs. Packletide had to pay an
excessive amount to Miss Mebbin to keep her
15. Mrs Packletide's ego drove her to act out the lips quiet and not admit that she had hunted a
tiger hunting scenario. Her desire to outperform
lamb rather than a tiger.
Loona Bimberton was only an attempt to satisfy
her vanity. Her posing for pictures and having As a result, those who believe they are intelligent
a luncheon party with the tiger skin clearly enough to outperform others sometimes
displayed in the drawing room indicate this vain outsmart themselves. Manipulative behaviour
lady's attempts to establish her superiority and might backfire and have a negative impact on
become the toast of society. us.
NCERT QUESTIONS
16. Louisa Mebbin had blackmailed Mrs. Packletide 18. The tiger shooting was a serious affair for the
into buying her the weekend cottage or else she villagers because they were eager to earn the
would have told Loona Bimberton that it was not reward money. They helped Mrs. Packletide by
the tiger but a mere goat that Mrs. Packletide arranging a tiger of ‘respectable antecedents’,
had shot. The tiger lilies would always remind got a goat as a bait to lure the tiger. A platform
of how she had procured the cottage. was constructed by them from where she could
aim at the tiger easily.
17. In the story, Loona Bimberton is an attention
seeking socialite from London whose sole 19. Mrs. Packletide was not a good shot as she was
purpose is to counteract Mrs. Packletide's not a professional hunter. When she took her
envious actions. Bimberton is extremely envious shot it wounded and killed the goat and not the
when Mrs. Packletide steals her spotlight by tiger who suffered a heart-failure and died. She
claiming to have shot a tiger in India, following missed her shot but was able to annoy Loona
her flight with an Algerian pilot. Bimberton.

20. (A) The newspapers were filled with stories (C) The incidental expenses became heavy
about Mrs. Packletide's tiger hunt. Mrs. due to various factors such as the cost
Loona Bimberton probably couldn't take of organizing the tiger shoot, including
the sight of Mrs. Packletide being lauded so hiring locals to ensure the tiger's presence,
highly. arranging the platform for shooting,
(B) 'repressed' paying for the goat used as bait, managing
(C) Loona Bimberton was envious of Mrs. the media coverage and photographs, and
Packletide's popularity, but she couldn't possibly other unforeseen costs that added
change it. Consequently, her feelings were up.
suppressed. (D) Mrs. Packletide's extravagant spending
(D) Mrs. Packletide intended to give Loona are an example of an unanticipated,
Bimberton a tiger-claw brooch merely fame-seeking conduct. She should have
to satisfy her own ego and show her considered all aspects of the tiger hunt
opponent that she was also an achiever. before going into it.
21. (A) The word "incidental" in the extract means 22. (A) Louisa Mebbin was making fun of Mrs.
'secondary.' Packletide because instead of killing the
(B) Mrs. Packletide learns that big-game tiger, Mrs. Packletide shot the goat.
hunting is expensive and that she shouldn't (B) It reveals that she is an opportunist and
compete with others to show off. had a keen sense of observation.

(C) The word "frightened" in the above extract target and the old tiger had died of a heart
means the same as 'scared.' attack, as she was aware. Mrs. Packletide was
(D) Louisa Mebbin intended to profit financially coerced into purchasing the weekend cottage
from her discovery that Mrs. Packletide had by Louisa Mebbin, who threatened to inform
not shot the tiger. Loona Bimberton that she had shot a goat
rather than a tiger.
23. The villagers agreed to entice the tiger into the
hunting grounds so that Mrs. Packletide could 28. The tiger hunt proved more beneficial to others
shoot it in exchange for a thousand rupees. because Mrs Packletide had paid a thousand
Little goats were left on the hunting area as rupees to the villagers for it and the much
bait, and children were assigned to patrol the needed money made the villagers happy and
edges of the nearby jungle and head tigers she also had to purchase a weekend cottage
present there. for Louisa Mebbin.
24. Miss Mebbin was greedy for money and so she 29. Impact of Killing Animals on Environment
reminded Mrs. Packletide that this fact of her by Abc
shooting expedition would turn her fame into a
Killing animals is an inhumane act. Animals
mockery. Mrs. Packletide was angry at Louisa
have the right to life and liberty. Animals, like
Mebbin as her plans of outshining Loona
humans, have emotions and suffering. The tale,
Bimberton would get defeated.
'Mrs. Packletide's Tiger' concentrates upon large
25. Mrs. Packletide plans a lavish lunch to show game hunting. Hunting and murdering innocent
off a tiger-skin rug. The idea of this meal is animals for display, courage, or skin and claws is
absurd and humorous. Situational humor is completely immoral.
best illustrated in the story's climax, when Mrs. It is also extreme brutality. Animals should
Packletide unintentionally shoots the goat not be murdered for amusement or societal
rather than the tiger. benefit. Such slaughter disrupts the ecological
26. Packletide was jealous of her rival, Loona equilibrium.
Bimberton, who had recently travelled 11 Furthermore, animal slaughter has a negative
kilometres in an airplane operated by an impact on the ecosystem. It has an impact
Algerian aviator. In order to outclass her, Mrs. on the environment and interrupts natural
Packletide decided to hunt a tiger and gain processes. It reduces the population of a certain
media coverage through her pictures. animal species while also affecting other
animals and plants. Furthermore, it disturbs
27. Miss Mebbin was an excellent opportunist. Mrs.
animal migratory and hibernation cycles.
Packletide was well aware of the arrangement
she made to shoot the tiger by paying a huge Hence, we should prohibit animal slaughter and
sum of money. Mrs. Packletide had missed her work tirelessly to raise their numbers.
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Introduction
 ‘The Letter’ revolves around Coachman Ali, an The town, indifferent to Ali's routine, becomes
elderly man in a quiet town, who makes a daily a backdrop for themes of love, separation, and
pilgrimage to the post office, hoping for letters enduring faith. The narrative masterfully conveys
from his daughter Miriam. Ali never received any the resiliency inherent in life's mundane routines,
letters, but the post office became a metaphorical highlighting the ability to maintain optimism even
shelter because of his undying trust and optimism. in the face of loneliness and desire.
Significant Morals
(1) Meaningful connections, love, and understanding are more fulfilling than external pursuits.
(2) We should appreciate and understand others before it's too late.
(3) It serves as a lesson on the importance of empathy and compassion in our interactions with others.
(4) One should maintain faith, even when circumstances seem bleak.
Dictionary
bewildered feeling confused and disoriented perplexed, baffled composed, clearheaded
anxiously feeling nervous or worried about apprehensively, nervously calmly, confidently
something that might happen
startled surprised or shocked frightened, scared calm, composed
accustomed used to something and no longer habituated, inured unaccustomed,
bothered by it unfamiliar
inescapable impossible to avoid or escape inevitable, unavoidable escapable, avoidable
tattered torn and worn ragged, shredded new, whole
lull a period of temporary calm or respite, break commotion, chaos
quiet
exhausted completely drained of physical or depleted, fatigued, energetic, vigorous
mental energy
squatted to crouch or sit with one's knees hunched, crouched stood, rose
bent and one's feet flat on the
ground
gaze to look steadily at something for stare, peer, fixate glance, peek, glimpse
a long time
The Letter 89
Extract Based Qs 4 marks the questions that follow:
1. Read the extract given below and answer She went off with a soldier into his regiment
the questions that follow: in the Punjab, and for the last five years he
Ali had been a clever shikari. As his skill had no news of this daughter for whose sake
increased so did his love for the hunt, till at alone he dragged along a cheerless existence.
last it was as impossible for him to pass a Now he understood the meaning of love and
day without hunting. When Ali sighted the separation. He could no longer enjoy the
earthbrown partridge, almost invisible to other sportsman's pleasure and laughter at the
eyes, the poor bird, they said, was as good as in bewildered terror of the young partridges
his bag. His sharp eyes saw the hare crouching. bereft of their parents.
Even when the dogs failed to see the creature (A) Why is the statement "Now he understood
cunningly hidden in the yellow brown scrub, the meaning of love and separation"
Ali's eyes would catch the sight of his ears; significant in the story?
and in another moment it was dead. Besides (B) How does the author's tone change after
this, he would often go out with his friends, the describing Ali's daughter's departure
fishermen. with a soldier?
(A) Which characteristic of Ali is revealed (C) What is the "sportsman's pleasure"
from the above lines? referred to in the above lines?
(B) List the meaning of the line, ‘cunningly (D) What can be inferred about Ali's
hidden’. relationship with his daughter from
(C) How is Ali’s relationship with hunting the statement "for whose sake alone he
symbolic? dragged along a cheerless existence"?
(D) Identify a line from the extract that
signifies Ali’s acute awareness of the
environment.
"Ali came out very slowly, turning after every
2. Read the extract given below and answer few steps to gaze at the post office. His eyes
the questions that follow: were filled with tears of helplessness, for his
The post office, one of the most uninteresting patience was exhausted, even though he still
buildings in the world, became his place of had faith."
pilgrimage. He always occupied a particular (A) What message about life does the author
seat in a particular corner of the building, wish to impart through Ali's resilience?
and when the people got to know his habit (B) What had caused his patience to be
they laughed at him. The postmen began to exhausted?
make a game of him. Even though there was
(C) What can be inferred about Ali's state of
no letter for him they would call out his name
mind from the statement "His eyes were
for the fun of seeing him jump up and come to
filled with tears of helplessness"?
the door. Still with boundless faith and infinite
(D) Why did he fix his gaze upon the post
patience, he came every day, and went away
office?
empty-handed.
(A) Identify the tone which is used in
describing the post office as Ali's "place of Short Qs 2 marks
pilgrimage’. Answer the following questions in 30-40 words:
(B) What is the significance of the statement
‘‘Still with boundless faith and infinite 5. How effective is the line “In the old days he
patience, he came every day, and went committed many sins; and maybe he shed some
away empty-handed’’? blood within sacred precincts and is paying for
it now" in conveying the theme of redemption
(C) What does the author’s description of Ali
or atonement?
as having boundless faith suggest about
him? 6. What does the writer wish to convey via the
(D) State one reason that might contribute to use of the metaphor of the post office as the
the laughter directed at the old man. place of pilgrimage?

Long Qs 8 marks
story, ‘The Letter’.
8. What is Dhumaketu’s primary purpose in 13. Put yourself in the shoes of the postmaster
employing irony in the story? after he receives Miriam's letter. Write a
diary entry detailing his feelings of guilt,
9. ‘‘Miriam's letter was still lying near the door, realization, and the impact Ali's story has had
on his perspective.
Ali's image was still before his eyes." How does
the postmaster's reaction to Miriam's letter 14. Write a conversation between Ali and a fellow
villager who questions his devotion to waiting
reveal a change in his understanding of Ali's
for a letter from Miriam.
emotions?
15. Write a letter to your father, expressing the
10. What is the postmaster implying about values you have learned from Ali and how you
view letters and envelopes as more than just
the nature of the ‘madman's world’ and its dead pieces of paper, but as living documents
resemblance to the world of a poet? of human love and concern.
16. What values can be learned from the
11. Justify the title of the story, ‘The Letter’.
postmaster's realization of Ali's pain when
faced with his own daughter's illness, leading
12. Ali had the hunter instincts in his blood and to feelings of remorse, guilt, and repentance
bones. Elaborate. for his previous ill treatment of Ali.
NCERT QUESTIONS
were filled with tears of helplessness, for his
Short Qs 2 marks
patience was exhausted, even though he still
had faith.” Why were Ali’s eyes filled with tears
17. How do you know that Ali was a familiar of helplessness? What had exhausted his
figure at the post office? patience but not his faith?
18. What impression do you form of the 20. “Tortured by doubt and remorse, he sat down
postmaster after reading the story, ‘The Letter’? in the glow of the charcoal sigri to wait.” Who is
19. “Ali came out very slowly, turning after every tortured by doubt and remorse? Why? What
few steps to gaze at the post office. His eyes is he waiting for?

Extract Based Qs 4 marks questions that follow:
21. Read the extract given below and answer the The old man, shivering at times but fixed of
purpose, plodded on till he came out of the
town gate on to a straight road. Along this
‘‘They will be useful to you, and they can never
he now went at a somewhat slower pace,
be toe me. But will you do one thing? ‘‘What’’?
supporting himself on his old staff.
What do you see up there? said Ali, pointing to
be sky. (A) Who was the old man and why was he
shivering?
(A) Identify the person spoken to.
(B) Where was he going so early?
(B) What does the word ‘They’ refer to?
(C) Why did Ali say ‘They’ can never be (C) What does the phrase, 'plodded on'
useful to him? mean?
(D) What opinion do you form of Ali on the (D) Why did the old man slow down?
basis of the given extract? [CBSE 2020] [CBSE 2015]
The Letter 91
23. Read the extract given below and answer the 27. What does the writer wish to convey via the
questions that follow: use of the metaphor for a false friend in the
Tortured by doubt and remorse, he sat down in given line from 'The Letter'?
the glow of the charcoal sigri to wait.
...the cold used sleep to extend its sway over
(A) Who sat by the charcoal sigri? all things even as a false friend lulls his chosen
victim with caressing smiles. [CBSE SQP 2023]
(B) What was he waiting for?
(C) Why was 'he' feeling tortured? 28. What made the postmaster understand Ali's
(D) The word.........in the extract means 'deep pain later in the story 'The Letter'?
regret'. [CBSE 2015, 12] [CBSE 2020]
24. Read the extract given below and answer the 29. Ali, in the story 'The Letter', is a lonely
questions that follow: man. How does the author bring out his
They will be useful to you and they can never loneliness? [CBSE 2016]
be to me. But will you do one thing?" "What"
30. Ali visited the post office regularly for a
“What do you see up there?” said Ali, pointing reason. Comment. [Mod. CBSE 2014]
to the sky.
(A) Identify the person being spoken to. Long Qs 8 marks
(B) What does the word 'they' refer to?
(C) Why did Ali say 'they' can never be useful
to him? 31. ‘The Letter’ revolves around human
(D) What opinion do you form of Ali on the relationships and the love and faith that
basis of the given extract? cements them. Discuss with reference to the
[CBSE 2019] story. [CBSE 2019]
32. Both the stories, 'Two Gentlemen of Verona'

Short Qs 2 marks and 'The Letter' teach us not to lose hope
Answer the following questions in 30-40 words: and courage even in adverse situations.
Write a letter to a friend, justifying the
25. Describe the early morning scene when Ali statement with reference to the stories.
visited the post office. [CBSE 2019] [CBSE 2024]
26. You can feel other's pain only when you go 33. One feels other's pain only when one goes
through it yourself. Validate this statement through it oneself. Explain the postmaster's
with reference to the story, 'The Letter' and change of heart in the chapter "The Letter'
why it took place? [CBSE 2024] and why it took place. [CBSE 2013]
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smiles. The old man, shivering at times but

Extract Based Qs
fixed of purpose, plodded on till he came out of
1. Read the extract given below and answer the the town-gate on to a straight road.
questions that follow: (A) How has the author used vivid imagery
in describing the atmosphere in the
Except for an occasional bark of a dog, the
extract? 1
distant steps of a workman going early to
(B) Which characterstic of the old man
work, or the screech of a bird disturbed before
is revealed in the line, ‘The old man,
its time, the whole town was wrapped in
shivering at times but fixed of purpose,’? 1
deathly silence. Most of its inhabitants were
(C) What insight about life can be derived
still in the arms of sleep, the sleep which grew from the old man's journey through the
more and more profound on account of the silent town? 1
intense winter cold; for the cold used sleep to (D) Describe the mood that is evoked as
extend its sway over all things even as a false the author describes an intense winter
friend lulls his chosen victim with caressing condition. 1

Short Qs
In the midst of this procedure a jesting voice Answer the following questions in 30-40 words:
from inside called, "Coachman Ali!" The old 3. When the writer said, ‘He lifted his eyes
man got up, raised his eyes to heaven in and in them was a light so unearthly that
gratitude and stepping forward put his hands the postmaster shrank back in fear and
to the door. "Gokul Bhai!". "Yes who is there?" astonishment’, explain what he meant. 2
"You called out coachman Ali's name didn't
you. Here I am. I have come for my letter." 4. “Hope is being able to see that there is light
"It's a mad man, sir, who worries us by calling despite all of the darkness.”
everyday for letters that never come," said the — Desmond Tutu
clerk to the postmaster. The old man went Comment with reference to the story, ‘The
back slowly to the bench on which he had
Letter’. 2
been accustomed to sit for five long years.
(A) Explain the meaning of the term, 5. Analyse the symbolic meaning behind
'accustomed' in the line, ‘The old man Coachman Ali giving the clerk an old tin box
went back slowly to the bench on which with golden guineas. 2
he had been accustomed to sit for five long
years’. 1 Long Qs
(B) In the story, how is Coachman Ali Answer the following questions in about 150
being referred to as a "mad man" a words:
commentary on societal perceptions and
6. Write a paragraph in about 150 words
judgments? 1 exploring the life lessons one can derive from
(C) Identify a line from the extract that Coachman Ali's perseverance. How does
reveals that Ali has been waiting for a his story serve as an inspiration for facing
letter from his daughter for a long time. challenges and maintaining hope in difficult
1 times? 8
(D) Upon knowing that he hadn’t received 7. A character sketch is a brief portrayal
any letter from his daughter yet, he of a person's physical characteristics,
went back slowly to the bench. State an psychological attributes, and other qualities.
inference that can be drawn about Ali’s Write a character - sketch of Coachman Ali.
feelings and thoughts. 1 8
The Letter 93
1. (A) The characteristic of Ali as revealed in the 3. (A) The statement "Now he understood
above lines is his exceptional skill and keen the meaning of love and separation"
eye as a hunter. As stated in the extract, is significant because it shows Ali's
'Ali had been a clever shikari. As his skill realization about the depth of love and the
increased so did his love for the hunt, till at pain of separation, which transforms his
last it was as impossible for him to pass a perspective on life.
day without hunting.' (B) The author's tone shifts to a tone of
(B) The phrase “cunningly hidden" refers to the sorrow and resignation after describing
clever and crafty way in which the creature Ali's daughter's departure with a soldier,
conceals itself. highlighting the emotional impact of
(C) Ali’s relationship with hunting is symbolic separation and loneliness on Ali.
of man’s harshness towards innocent (C) The "sportsman's pleasure" refers to the
creatures to fulfill his desires and gain a joy and excitement Ali used to experience
temporary sense of happiness and pride. as a skilled hunter. It symbolizes the thrill
(D) "Ali's eyes would catch the sight of his ears." and satisfaction he derived from hunting
This line signifies Ali's acute awareness as and other outdoor activities.
it describes his ability to notice the subtle (D) The statement "for whose sake alone
details. he dragged along a cheerless existence"
suggests that Ali's relationship with his
2. (A) The use of the term "pilgrimage" suggests a
daughter was the only source of happiness
deep, religious-like reverence that Ali holds
in his life
for the post office. The tone is one of hope
and strong belief that his wish of receiving 4. (A) The author wishes to convey through
a letter from his daughter will be fulfilled in Ali's resilience the message that even
this pilgrimage. in the face of immense challenges and
(B) The statement "Still with boundless faith disappointment, maintaining faith and
and infinite patience, he came every perseverance can provide strength and
day, and went away empty-handed" hope.
emphasizes Ali's unwavering belief (B) The wait for Miriam's letter exhausted his
and resilience despite the continuous patience.
disappointment.
(C) The statement "His eyes were filled with
(C) The author's description of Ali as having tears of helplessness" indicates that Ali
boundless faith in receiving a letter was feeling overwhelmed, defeated, and
suggests that Ali is driven by a profound emotionally drained, showing his deep-
sense of hope and belief. This portrayal seated sorrow and longing.
underscores the theme of optimism and
(D) Ali would gaze at the post office because he
persistence.
believed a letter from his daughter, Miriam
(D) The other people in the post office may find would surely arrive one day.
his daily visits peculiar or amusing, leading
to laughter as a response to what they 5. The line is effective in conveying the theme of
perceive as eccentric or futile behavior. redemption or atonement by hinting at Ali's

past sins. It alludes to a path of transformation 13. 13 November 20XX , Monday
and raises the possibility that Ali's present

4:30 pm
hardships and visit to the post office are
atonement for his past transgressions. Dear Diary,
It's been a day of deep reflection and
6. The writer uses the metaphor to convey Ali's
discovery. After reading Miriam's letter meant
deep reverence for the post office. It symbolizes
a sacred place where Ali seeks solace, for Coachman Ali, I am struggling with a
redemption, and a connection to something whirlwind of emotions. I feel so guilty about
beyond himself. The metaphor emphasises the my prior ridicule to Ali's desire for letters that
spiritual significance Ali attaches to the act of never came while he was alive.
waiting for a letter. I feel an overwhelming sense of empathy and
have begun to realise the emotional void Ali
7. The author employs a simple writing style in
endured. Now I know how much pain he was
"The Letter." The narrative flows smoothly,
using vivid descriptions and metaphors to going through as he sat in one place the whole
evoke emotions. Dhumaketu skillfully blends day and waited for his daughter's letter.
everyday scenes with profound themes, It is a huge burden that rests on my shoulders.
making the story accessible yet rich in depth. This encounter serves as a sharp reminder that
everyone has a story hidden in their life and
8. The townspeople mocked Ali as a "mad man"
one should not judge a person solely based on
for coming regularly to the office and waiting
their behavior.
for a letter that would never come. However,
the irony lies in the fact that Ali is not mad The postmaster
but a father eagerly awaiting a letter from his
daughter. Through irony, Dhumaketu prompts
14. Fellow Villager: Every day, I see you at the
readers to reflect on the harsh judgments and post office, Ali." Why do you keep returning?
lack of empathy prevalent in our society. After all these years, are you really expecting
a letter from Miriam?
9. The postmaster's reaction reveals a shift in his
understanding. Previously dismissing Ali, he Ali: Yes, my friend. Miriam is my daughter. I
now empathizes with the agony of waiting for hold onto the hope of hearing from her.
a letter. The juxtaposition of Ali's image and
Miriam's letter highlights the postmaster's
Fellow Villager: But it's been a long time, Ali.
newfound compassion for him. He felt sad Perhaps it's time to let go?
that he never understood Ali. He realizes that

Ali: I understand your concern, but a father's
a letter is not just a piece of paper, every letter
love doesn't fade with time. I remember her
contains a message for a loved one.
laughter, her voice. Waiting here............. It's all I
10. The postmaster compares mad men to poets can do to feel close to her.
because just like a poet has a different vision
and imagination, mad people also have a
Fellow Villager: I see. We simply find it difficult
different imaginations. Both exist in realms to understand you being here every day.
beyond the conventional understanding of a
normal human being.
Ali: I know, my friend. But hope is what keeps
me going. One day, perhaps, a letter will come,
11. The title "The Letter" is justified by the central and my heart will find its peace.
theme of the story, which revolves around Ali's
relentless anticipation of receiving a letter
Fellow Villager: I hope so....
from his daughter. The letter symbolizes a
connection with his daughter, a lifeline that he
15. House number 12
eagerly awaits. It also depicts the significance
Lawrence Road
of the awaited letter as a focal point that
New Delhi - 110009
shapes Ali's daily routine and emotional state.
20 March, 20XX
12. The phrase "Ali had the hunter instincts in his
Dear Papa,
blood and bones" suggests that Ali possessed
a natural and inherent ability for hunting. Today, in class, I read a beautiful chapter. It is
This implies that hunting was not just a skill about a father's anxiousness and worry for his
he acquired but was deeply ingrained in his daughter. Coachman Ali, the main character,
character, possibly passed down through has infinite love and care for his daughter
generations or as an innate trait. Miriam. Without her, he feels incredibly
The Letter 95
lonely and miserable. The anguish or pangs 16. The postmaster, like other fathers, is loving
of separation are inevitable. This realization and caring. Worried and anxious about his
completely transforms him into an entirely daughter's sickness, he spends sleepless nights
different person. He gives up hunting. He waiting for the news of her recovery and well-
cannot bear the sight of a defenseless little being. He criticizes Ali, calling him a madman
animal taken away from his parents. His only and 'a nuisance'. However, his attitude changes
dramatically when he discovers Miriam, Ali's
child, Miriam, married and left him. Miriam
daughter's letter, while waiting for one from
had not been heard from in over five years. Ali
his own daughter. As he acknowledges his own
attended the post office every day, hoping to
grief, he becomes aware of the coachman's
get a letter from his daughter. This kind father misery, pain, and suffering. He repented deeply
has shown incredible patience and trust. For and learned the need of empathy, compassion,
hours every day he waited patiently at the love, and fellow sentiments for people who
post office for a letter and silently bore the are grieving and experiencing the sorrow of
taunts of the post office employees. separation.
Coach Ali teaches us empathy, compassion, We should always respect others' feelings. We
love, and respect for other people's feelings; we should take care that we do not hurt others,
should not treat them brutally. It was truly an and if we commit any mistake, we should at
excellent lesson. I've learnt a lot today. least apologize by saying "sorry." This helps us
to reverse the effect of our mistake, and at the
Your lovingly same time, it increases our dignity and respect
Xyz in others' eyes.
NCERT QUESTIONS
17. Ali was well-known and recognisable by 19. Ali was not keeping well for many days. His
eyes were full of sadness as he likewise realised
everyone, because he regularly used to visit the
that his days were running out. Even though
post-office in an expectation that his daughter his physical ailments drained him of patience,
must have sent him a letter. he still had an unwavering belief that one day
his daughter's letter would undoubtedly reach
18. In the initial part of the story, the postmaster him.
comes across as extremely harsh and
20. The postmaster is tortured by doubt and
insensitive but as the story progresses he remorse and is waiting for a letter from his
gets upset when he doesn't hear from his sick daughter, who is ill and lives far away. He is
remorseful because he failed to understand
daughter, and he understands how difficult
Ali's concern about his daughter. He also feels
and insane it must have been for old Ali to go remorseful for his past cruelty and insensitivity
to the post office every day. to Ali.

21. (A) Ali is speaking to the clerk here. (B) Ali was going to the post office early in the
(B) Here, ‘They’ refers to the five gold guineas. morning.
(C) He said so because he knew that his death
was nearing. (C) The phrase "plodded on" means that
(D) One can form an opinion that Ali’s character Ali continued to move forward slowly
reveals a sense of appreciation towards the and steadily, despite the challenges or
clerk for his kind gestures while everyone difficulties he faced along the way.
else ridiculed him for visiting the post office
daily. One can also infer that now that Ali (D) The old man slowed down as he was tired
has been separated from his daughter, from walking the long distance.
material wealth does not matter to him.
23. (A) The postmaster sat by the charcoal sigri.
22. (A) The old man referred to in the passage is
Ali. He was shivering due to the intense (B) He was waiting for a letter from his
winter cold mentioned in the text. daughter who was ill.

(C) The postmaster was feeling tortured 29. Ali, a dedicated father, got up at 4 a.m. every
because he had failed to understand Ali's day and went to the post office in the hopes
distress as long as Ali was alive. of receiving a letter from his daughter, who
(D) remorse resided in Punjab after marrying a soldier. Thus,
he was a lonely man without any companion.
24. (A) The person being spoken to is the clerk. Further, Ali gave up hunting and did not engage
(B) The word 'they' refers to the five golden himself in any other activity either.
guineas that Ali gave to the clerk.
30. Ali was suffering from the pain of separation
(C) Ali said 'they' can never be useful to him from his daughter, who had gone away after
because he was nearing the end of his life, marriage. He was so anxious about her well-
as indicated by his statement, "Today is being that he would visit the post office every
my last day: my very last, alas!" He knew day, expecting a letter from her. Thus, the post
he wouldn't be able to use the money office became a place of pilgrimage for the old
anymore, hence it would be of no use to man.
him.
(D) Based on the given extract, Ali appears to 31. "The Letter" indeed revolves around human
be a generous and selfless person who relationships, highlighting the themes of
values human connection and seeks to love, faith, and the emotional ties that bind
help others even in his final moments. individuals.

The central character, Coachman Ali, is
25. The town was depicted as wrapped in deathly portrayed as a symbol of enduring love and
silence, interrupted only by occasional
unwavering faith in the face of adversity. Ali's
sounds—barking dogs, the distant steps of a daily visits to the post office, hoping for a letter
workman, and the screech of a bird disturbed from his daughter Miriam, illustrate the depth
before its time. Most of the inhabitants were of his love and the enduring nature of familial
still immersed in profound sleep due to the bonds. Ali's perseverance and commitment
intense winter cold. The cold, likened to a false to receiving a letter reflect the resilience of
friend, used sleep to extend its sway over all human connections and the power of hope
things. even in challenging circumstances.
26. At first, the postmaster doesn't realize the Furthermore, the story explores the
depth of emotion Ali experiences. But when the transformative impact of relationships
postmaster's daughter gets sick in a different on individuals. The postmaster changes
town, he realizes how difficult it is to keep perspective as he receives Miriam's letter,
waiting for important information that never realizing the depth of Ali's emotions. This
comes. The postmaster's personal experience realization emphasizes the profound influence
of waiting is what makes him understand Ali's of human connections in shaping one's
situation. understanding and empathy.
27. The metaphor of a false friend is used in The 32. House number: 12
Letter to describe the winter cold, which is Lawrence Road
depicted as a treacherous and sneaky force New Delhi, 110009
that gradually extends its sway over all things. 12 May 20XX
Like a false friend, the cold initially seems
My dear friend
harmless and even welcoming, as it lulls its
I hope this letter finds you in good health and
victims into a false sense of security with its
spirits. I am writing to you today to discuss
"caressing smiles." However, as the metaphor
the importance of hope and courage, as
suggests, the cold is not a friend at all, but
exemplified by the stories 'Two Gentlemen of
rather a deceiver who ultimately seeks to
Verona' and 'The Letter'.
harm and control its victims.
In 'Two Gentlemen of Verona', we are
28. The postmaster understood Ali's pain when introduced to two young boys, Jacopo and
he himself faced a similar situation that Ali Nicola, who have faced immense hardship in
had been facing for the past 5 years. The their lives. Their family home was destroyed in
postmaster's daughter was unwell, and he had a bomb blast; their father was killed in the war;
no news about her. Just like Ali, he had to wait and their sister is suffering from tuberculosis
for a letter from his daughter updating him of of the spine. Despite these challenges, the kids
her health and well-being. never give up hope.
The Letter 97
Similarly, in 'The Letter', we find Coach Ali, 33. At the start of the story, the postmaster
who, despite his old age, regularly visits the appeared to be a pompous, arrogant, and ill-
post office with the hope that one day he will tempered officer. He was rather harsh to Ali
receive a letter from his daughter. Despite his when he inquired if he had a letter from his
regular visits, the letter doesn't come, but he daughter.
doesn't lose hope and waits till his death bed
Once, the postmaster's daughter fell ill
for Miriam, his daughter, to send a letter to in another town. He eagerly awaited her
him. response. It was at this point that his suffering
Both of these stories teach us that it is father's heart realised the pain of separation
important to never give up hope, no matter in Ali's heart for Miriam. He was no longer
how difficult things may seem. I hope this a haughty official but a loving father, full of
letter has inspired you to never lose hope, even respect for Ali's feelings. Thus, it was only
when the postmaster himself underwent a
in the darkest of times.
similar experience that he was able to feel Ali's
Yours lovingly pain. We should, thus, be good to others and
Abc never treat anyone harshly.
PUSH YOURSELF
Scan QR code to
Push Yourself

Introduction
 The story ‘The Shady Plot’ revolves around John, one day, upsetting his routine. This story examines
a hardworking book-keeper, and his wife Lavinia. issues of duty, household life, and the enigmatic
interaction between the supernatural and
John faces the challenge of balancing his job at
ordinary as financial responsibilities clash with
a lumber company and dealing with Lavinia's
mysterious happenings. The narrative challenges
whimsical desires. The boundaries between the readers' perceptions of reality and illusion,
supernatural and the actual world become hazy encouraging them to consider the mysterious
when he unexpectedly runs into a ghostly figure facets of existence that lay outside of the normal.
Significant Morals
(1) Honesty and transparency are essential for maintaining healthy relationships.
(2) The narrative emphasizes the significance of perception in shaping one's understanding of the world.
Dictionary
Conceal To hide or keep from view. cloak, obscure reveal, expose
Mournful Expressing or feeling sorrow or sorrowful, gloomy joyful, elated
grief.
Flirtatious Behaving as if attracted to coquettish, suggestive aloof, indifferent
someone in a playful or teasing
way.
Huffy Sulky or offended. grumpy, sulky cheerful, forgiving
Vanished Disappeared suddenly and evaporated, vanished appeared, materialized

completely.
Lumber To move clumsily or awkwardly. stumble, plod glide, sashay
Hysterics Uncontrollable outbursts of tantrum, meltdown composure, equanimity
emotion, typically characterized
by crying or laughing.
Lingered Stayed on or in a place for longer loitered, dally departed, hurried
than is necessary or desirable.
Affliction A cause of suffering or distress; a ailment, malady well-being, health
disease or illness.
Groaned Expressed deep or prolonged moaned, sighed rejoiced, cheered
pain or suffering.
A Shady Plot 99
(C) What does the line, "I looked around for
Extract Based Qs 4 marks the ghost with my heart sunk down to zero’
1. Read the extract given below and answer reveal about John’s feelings?
the questions that follow: (D) Explain the meaning of the word
I sat staring at it and presently noticed 'mournful' with reference to the extract.
something just taking shape. It was exactly like
watching one of these moving picture cartoons
being put together. First, an arm came out,
then a bit of sleeve of a stiff white shirtwaist, I hadn't the shade of an idea, but at the time
then a leg and a plaid skirt, until at last there that didn't worry me in the least. You see, I
she was complete,--whoever she was. had often been like that before and in the end
She was long and angular, with enormous things had always come my way - I didn't in
fishy eyes behind big bone-rimmed spectacles, the least know how or why. It had all been
and her hair in a tight wad at the back of her rather mysterious. You understand I didn't
head (yes, I seemed able to see right through specialize in ghost stories, but more or less
her head) and a jaw--well, it looked so solid they seemed to specialize in me. A ghost story
that for the moment I began to doubt my very had been the first fiction I had written. Curious
own senses and believe she was real after all. how that idea for a plot had come to me out
of nowhere after I had chased inspiration in
(A) List the meaning of the phrase ‘hair in a
vain for months! Even now whenever Jenkins
tight wad’.
wanted a ghost, he called on me. And I had
(B) How does the use of language, such as never found it healthy to contradict Jenkins.
"enormous fishy eyes" and ‘‘tight wad of
(A) Identify the phrase that indicates that
hair,’’ contribute to the characterization
the writer in the story is clueless.
of the figure?
(B) Why does the narrator mention that
(C) What could the ‘‘moving picture cartoons"
ghost stories seem to specialize in him?
metaphor symbolise?
(C) In the line, 'I hadn't the shade of an idea,'
(D) Identify the tone of John when he says,
what does the word 'shade' refer to
‘it looked so solid that for the moment I
here?
began to doubt my very own senses and
believe she was real after all.’ (D) Why was Mr Hallock not worried?
2. Read the extract given below and answer 4. Read the extract given below and answer
the questions that follow: the questions that follow:
The room was full of women--most of them Curious how that idea for a plot had come
elderly--whom I recognized as belonging to me out of nowhere after I had chased
to my wife's Book Club. They were sitting in inspiration in vain for months. I had never found
couples, and between each couple was an it healthy to contradict Jenkins. Jenkins always
Ouija board! The mournful squeak of the legs seemed to have an uncanny knowledge as to
of the moving triangular things on which they when the landlord or the grocer was pestering
rested their fingers filled the air and mixed in me, and he dunned me for a ghost. And
with the conversation. I looked around for the somehow, I had always been able to dig one
ghost with my heart sunk down to zero. What up for him, so I had begun to get a bit cocky as
if Lavinia should see her and go mad before to my ability.
my eyes! And then my wife came and tapped (A) What evidence from the text suggests
me on the shoulder. that Mr. Hallock preferred to avoid
“John," she said in her sweetest voice, and I disagreements or conflicts with his
noticed that her cheeks were very pink and publisher?
her eyes very bright. My wife is never so pretty (B) Why did the narrator find it unhealthy to
as when she's doing something she knows I contradict Jenkins?
disapprove of, " (C) What was the consequence of the
(A) What is the significance of John’s fear confidence reposed in Mr. Hallock by
that his wife might see the ghost, and Jenkins?
what does it reveal about his concerns? (D) What can be inferred about the
(B) Identify a line that indicates that John narrator's confidence and attitude from
is drawn to his wife, even if it involves the statement "I had begun to get a bit
actions he doesn't necessarily approve of. cocky as to my ability"?

11. Reflect upon John’s emotional state as he
Short Qs 2 marks
says, ‘‘Oh," I cried. "Oh, I wish I was dead!’’.
5. How effective is the use of the line, "Well, it 12. What kind of woman is Lavinia?
was like that all the rest of the evening. Just as
soon as I mentioned Ouija boards I felt things Long Qs 8 marks
begin to cloud up..." in conveying the theme of
consequences of supernatural interference?
6. John compares the process of a ghost taking 13. Imagine you are the protagonist, John
shape to watching a moving picture cartoon Hallock. Write a diary entry describing your
being put together. What is the writer trying first encounter with the ghostly figure. Include
to convey with the use of a simile? your emotions, thoughts, and any details that
stood out during this supernatural meeting.
7. Justify John Hallock's decision to hide the
ghost from his wife, Lavinia. 14. Write a letter from John Hallock to Lavinia
8. In the story, when John said ‘I had reached the apologising for his scepticism and explaining
stage of imbecility when I was talking to myself.’ his newfound belief in the supernatural.
Explain what he meant. Explore the emotions and details he would
include in this letter.
9. ‘‘John,’’ Lavinia demanded like a ward boss,
"you are hiding somebody in here! Who is it?’’ 15. "The ghost of Helen is not a ghost but is like a
Identify one characterstic of Lavinia that is human being". Explain.
revealed here.
16. Lack of trust shakes the very foundation of
10. Bring out the irony in the statement ‘I didn’t human relationships. How does Lavinia's
specialize in ghost stories, they seemed to lack of trust endanger the stability of their
specialize in me.’ marriage?
NCERT QUESTIONS
17. When confronted by Lavinia about his
flirtations over Ouija Board, John insists 21. After her reconciliation with her husband,
that ‘the affair was quite above-board, I assure John Hallock, Lavinia writes a letter to her
you my love’. Bring out the pun in John’s friend expressing how her relationship with
statement. him has almost been on the verge of breaking
18. John’s apprehensions about his wife’s and what has saved it. Write her a letter.
reaction to her encounter with the ghost are
unfounded. Justify. 22. John Hallock reflects upon his experience
with Helen's ghost and in retrospect he finds
19. Why does John want the ghost to disappear
before his wife appears on the scene? What it quite amusing. All the same, he is relieved
impression of his wife’s character do you that he is no longer plagued by it. Ironically,
form from his words? the same ghost inspires his creativity and
20. What makes Helen, the ghost, and her other he writes a diary entry reflecting upon the
co-ghosts organise “The writer’s inspiration comical aspect of his experience. Write as
Bureau”? diary entry as John.

(A) Identify the speaker of the above lines.
(B) To whom has this request been made?
questions that follow: (C) Why has the speaker made this request?
‘‘Get all your friends and acquaintances to
(D) How has the speaker been ‘helping you
stop using the Ouija board, and then we’ll start
helping you to write.’’ to write’? [CBSE 2019]
A Shady Plot 101

Short Qs 2 marks
‘'I don't propose to do anything of the kind.
In the first place they won't exchange things 27. Why did Lavinia feel that the Ouija would
bought at a bargain sale, and in the second, if help her husband? [CBSE 2019]
you aren't interested in the other world I am,
so there! 28. Comment on Elsie Brown's writing style in
(A) What does the speaker refer to by saying the story, The Shady Plot. [CBSE SQP 2023]
"anything of the kind"?
29. Why is Helen, the ghost, upset with people
(B) What has been bought at a bargain sale?
using Ouija Boards? [CBSE 2020]
(C) What does "the other world" refer to?
(D) Why does Lavinia not want to exchange 30. John was worried and concerned about his
the Ouija Board? [CBSE 2015] wife's response after meeting the ghost. But
it proved to be baseless. Justify. [CBSE 2024]
questions that follow: 31. Hallock's ghost's were 'live propositions'. How
could he pen down ghost - special stories?
'Well, I was in no position to contradict Jenkins.'
[CBSE 2012]
(A) Why was the narrator not in a position
to refuse Jenkins' request? 32. Isn't it amusing how John never intended to
(B) Give an antonym of 'contradict'. focus on ghost stories, yet somehow, they
(C) What had Jenkins asked the narrator to chose to make him their specialist?
do? [Mod. CBSE 2012]
(D) Who does 'I' refer to? [CBSE 2012]
33. Why is Helen upset with people using Ouija
26. Read the extract given below and answer the board? [CBSE 2020]
''Get all your friends and acquaintances to Long Q 8 marks
stop using the Ouija Board, and then we'll start Answer the following question in about 150 words:
helping you to write."
34. How does the lesson 'A Shady Plot' remind
(A) Identify the speaker of the above lines. us that man has no right to invoke the
(B) To whom has this request been made? supernatural through Ouija Boards, Tarot
cards, etc to solve his problems, and that
(C) Why had the speaker made this request?
one should face life boldly and overcome
(D) How has the speaker been helping the difficulties using wit and intelligence?
speaker to write'? [CBSE 2019] [CBSE 2015]
PUSH YOURSELF
The ghost nodded, and began, very sensibly, I

Extract Based Qs thought, to demobilize and evaporate. First the
brogans on her feet grew misty until I could
see the floor through them, then the affection
spread to her knees and gradually extended
There was a footstep outside my door. upward. By this time my wife was opening the
“John! Oh, John!” called the voice of my wife. door.
I waved my arms at the ghost with something “Don’t forget the strike,” she repeated, while
her lower jaw began to disintegrate, and as my
of the motion of a beginner when learning to
Lavinia crossed the room to me the last vestige
swim.
of her ear faded into space.
“Madam, I must ask you to leave, and at once. (A) Identify a phrase that gives an impression
Consider the impression if you were seen that the speaker is in a state of panic due
here—-” to the presence of the ghost? 1

(B) "I waved my arms at the ghost with (C) Explore the theme of work-life balance in
something of the motion of a beginner this passage. 1
when learning to swim." What does this (D) In the given extract, what does the
simile suggest about John's reaction to
‘perfect tangle of figures’ refer to? 1
the ghost? 1
(C) Explore the significance of Helen Short Qs
reminding John not to forget "the strike"
as the ghost disappears. 1
(D) How does the author use the setting
3. Life is a story filled with unexpected characters
and plot twists. Comment with reference to 'A
to create tension or enhance the
supernatural elements? 1 Shady Plot'. 2
4. In the story, ‘A Shady Plot’ when John said,
2. Read the extract given below and answer “ I swallowed, though I hadn't been chewing
anything.” Explain what he meant. 2
The next day was Saturday, and it being near
5. How is the statement, “My wife is never so
the end of the month and a particularly busy
pretty as when she's doing something she
day, I left home early without seeing Lavinia.
knows I disapprove of ” an example of irony in
Understand, I haven’t quite reached the point
where I can give my whole time to writing, and
the story? 2
being bookkeeper for a lumber company does
help with the grocery bills and pay for Lavinia’s Long Qs
fancy shopping. Friday had been a half holiday, Answer the following questions in about 150
and of course when I got back the work was words:
piled up pretty high; so high, in fact, that ghosts
6. As Lavinia decides to leave the house,
and stories and everything else vanished in a
imagine that Helen confronts her by
perfect tangle of figures. showing herself in front of her and confesses
(A) What impression of John is formed the truth. Prompt a dialogue conversation
among the readers by the fact that he between both the characters using humor
works multiple jobs? 1 and wit. 8
(B) How does the statement, “ghosts and 7. In the story, ‘A Shady Plot’ and ‘Mrs.
stories and everything else vanish in a Packeltide's Tiger’, humor plays a common
perfect tangle of figures." convey the role in adding an element of surprise. Write
narrator's state of mind? 1 a paragraph in about 150 words. 8
A Shady Plot 103

1. (A) The phrase "hair in a tight wad" suggests (D) Within the story, the sound produced by the
that Helen’s hair is tightly and neatly tied triangular objects in motion is described as
at the back of her head. "mournful." This suggests that the sound is
not a pleasant one. Rather, it has a gloomy
(B) "Enormous fishy eyes" could allude to a
or depressing quality in it.
strange or intense stare, possibly implying
something supernatural or mysterious. The 3. (A) "I hadn't the shade of an idea" indicates
description of "tight wad of hair" as having that the writer in the story is clueless.
a tidy and possibly stiff aspect enhances (B) The narrator mentions that ghost stories
the characterization. seem to specialize in him to highlight the
(C) It could suggest that, like a cartoon coming mysterious connection he has with ghost
to life, the figure is taking shape in the stories despite not specializing in writing
them.
observer's perception, gradually revealing
its features and form. (C) In the line, "I hadn't the shade of an idea,"
the word "shade" refers to a slight or small
(D) The tone in this statement appears to amount, indicating that the narrator had
be one of surprise or disbelief. John is no idea or clue about something.
expressing a momentary doubt in his own
(D) Mr. Hallock was not worried because he
perception, indicating that the appearance had experienced similar situations before
of the figure is so convincing that he briefly where things had always worked out for
questions the reality of the situation. him in the end, even though he didn't know
how or why.
2. (A) John fears that seeing the ghost may
negatively affect her, possibly even 4. (A) Mr. Hallock's preference to avoid
driving her insane. This worry suggests a disagreements or conflicts with his
protective nature and a wish to keep his publisher is evident by his statement, "I
wife safe from possibly upsetting from had never found it healthy to contradict
harmful situations. Jenkins."
(B) It can be implied from the line “I noticed (B) The narrator found it unhealthy to
that her cheeks were very pink and her contradict Jenkins as he provides financial
assistance during tough times.
eyes very bright. My wife is never so pretty
as when she's doing something she knows (C) The consequence of the confidence
reposed in Mr. Hallock by Jenkins was that
I disapprove of.” This suggests an intricate
Mr. Hallock began to feel cocky about his
range of feelings where his desire to her
ability to deliver ghost stories whenever
outweighs his disapproval.
Jenkins needed them.
(C) This line reveals that John is deeply (D) The statement "I had begun to get a bit
anxious and distressed at the thought of cocky as to my ability" suggests that the
encountering the ghost in the presence of narrator's confidence in his storytelling
his wife and her friends. The phrase "heart skills had grown. He felt assured in their
sunk down to zero" conveys a sense of capacity to meet Jenkins' demands for
extreme emotional unease and fear. ghost stories.

5. This sentence implies that talking about cartoon movie picture. Her eyes, enormous
Ouija boards, which are frequently connected and scary, gazed at me through bone-rimmed
to paranormal activity, has negative spectacles. Her jaw felt as solid as reality, and I
consequences. The line "felt things begin to could even see right through her skull. I felt both
cloud up" implies that meddling with the Ouija terror and disbelief at the same time. I made
board could enrage Helen. violent gestures to chase this ghostly visitor
away, worried about what would happen if my
6. When John says a ghost taking shape is like wife found out. Helen, the figure, nodded that
watching a moving picture cartoon being put she was just here to help me in writing ghost
together, it means the ghost forms gradually, stories. My heart raced, wondering if what
like images in a cartoon. The writer uses this I had just seen was real. I was perplexed by
simile to describe the sudden way the ghost the meeting and wondered if there were any
appears. supernatural forces at work in this world. I live in
7. John probably was hoping to protect his a world of ghosts and stories since I'm a writer,
wife from unnecessary anxiety and worry. but this was beyond my wildest dreams.
It is possible that he thought Lavinia would John Hallock
become anxious and worried if he told her
about the ghost. 14. House number 12
Lawrence Town
8. When John says, ‘I had reached the stage of
New Delhi - 110009
imbecility when I was talking to myself,’ he
means he was so scared and confused that he 12 May 20XX
started having conversations with himself. It My lovely wife Lavinia,
shows how the supernatural events affected
I hope this letter finds you in great health. I am
his sanity.
compelled to share with you the incredible
9. This statement suggests that Lavinia is a things that happened in our house. My doubts
confident, courageous woman who doesn't vanished when I saw Helen appear as a ghostly
mind asking for what she wants. She form. It seemed like a cartoon from a moving
demonstrates the characteristics of a person picture came to life.
who takes command, demands obedience, and
I am sorry for not believing your stories about
asserts her authority.
the supernatural. The ghost’s eyes, the tight
10. The irony is that though John didn't choose wad of hair, and the sudden appearance in
to be involved with ghost stories; they kept parts were beyond any rational explanation.
finding him. It's ironic because the things he
I've realised that there are forces at play beyond
didn't want became a regular part of his life.
our understanding. Please forgive me for not
11. As Lavinia threatens John to leave the house believing you earlier. Now, I have realised that
and call lawyers, John is left in a state of ghosts do exists and while some are bad, others
surprise and shock and wishes if he was dead. can exist with good intention too. Also, let me
He is already dealing with the ghost of Helen, make it very clear that I only love you and I am
and on the other hand, Lavinia parting from not having any secret affair with anyone. It is
him forever leaves him in deep emotional the ghost of Helen whom I was trying to hide
turmoil. from you because I thought you would faint due
12. Hallock described his wife as a very sensitive to shock. I just didn't want to stress you.
young lady. According to Hallock, Lavinia Yours
couldn't take hearing a mouse shout boo to her.
John Hallock
Lavinia is effortlessly persuaded, unpredictable,
and gullible. She is quite possessive of her 15. In general, the word ghost evokes terror in
husband and consequently suspects him of everyone, and they are generally depicted
having an extramarital relationship. as frightening, bloodcurdling, and dreadful in
appearance.
13. 13 January 20XX, Monday
However, in 'A Shady Plot', the author portrays
5 p.m.
the ghost in a very compassionate manner. In
Dear Diary, many cases, they are helpful and friendly. The
Today has been a peculiar day for me. A ghostly reference to the fragmentary appearance and
figure appeared before my eyes as I sat in my the early interaction between the narrator and
study, like a character coming together in a the ghost elicited more laughter than horror,
A Shady Plot 105

particularly when the narrator suggests the her suspicious, and she grew envious of John's
potential that the pieces might become jumbled closeness with Laura Hinkle, with whom he
up as they emerged and departed. was matched on the Ouija board.
Besides, the claim made by Helen that she When she went to say goodbye, John was
was a writer and their plan to go on strike were chatting with someone and attempting to
all significant aspects of the ghost possessing conceal the situation from her. She eventually
characteristics of a human being. The generosity discovered him communicating with a ghost,
she had shown to struggling authors, the whom he was attempting to hide from her. To
threat to withdraw support, and the request to her amazement, the ghost was Helen of Troy,
stop tormenting their "species" were all quite who had come to assist John with a ghost
common examples of human behavior. story. She asked John to forgive her, and they
were both happy again. They said farewell to
16. John's wife was enraged because the Ouija the ghost. Her lack of trust nearly destroyed the
board was relaying a message from Helen to very foundation of their relationship, but they
her husband, calling him a traitor. This made saved their lives from turmoil.
NCERT QUESTIONS
17. John assures his wife that his flirtations with difficult time lately, and we were close to calling
Helen the ghost are above board. He tries to it up. I was feeling lost and it was a challenging
explain her that whatever that has happened moment.
between him and Helen is over the board of What saved us was understanding and trust.
Ouija and there was nothing that he was hiding After our ridiculous experience with an Ouija
from his wife; in fact there was nothing to tell. board and a ghost, we managed to get back
in touch during that unexpected time. We were
18. Lavinia was the one John was trying to hide the
able to laugh together and John's honesty
ghost from, fearing that she might get afraid
pulled us back from the brink. I feel so bad about
and misinterpret the situation. His concerns
doubting my partner after I had assumed he
were lessened when he observed Lavinia's
was having an affair.
response; instead of swooning, she displayed a
wide, contented smile. Thus, his concerns proved This incident made me realize the importance
of communication, even in the most
to be unwarranted.
unexpected ways. Life is full of surprises,
19. John does not want to lose his wife's trust in and sometimes it takes a bit of humor and
him, nor does he want her to become afraid understanding to overcome challenges.
after seeing a ghost, as Lavinia was prone to Yours
hysterics like many sensitive women. For this
Lavinia
reason, he wishes for the ghost to vanish before
his wife shows up. Like many other jealous and 22. 11 January 20XX, Friday
possessive wives, his is averse to seeing her 7 p.m.
husband with another woman.
Dear Diary,
20. In her previous life, Helen used to write and Today, as I look back on the whole episode with
couldn’t have judged things rationally. Once Helen's ghost, I can't help but find it incredibly
she had taken on her present form, she made amusing. It's like something out of a fun movie—
the decision to work with the spirits of those the sudden appearance of a ghost and then
who had endured similar suffering. Their goal my wife doubting me! The relief of not being
was to support writers who lacked inspiration. haunted anymore is immense, but I must admit,
this whole situation has sparked fuel in me to
21. 34 Park Land write a great tale.
Canada Who would have thought that a ghostly
13 January 20XX encounter could be the muse for creativity? It's
ironic, isn't it? Helen came into our lives and I
Dear Maria,
thank her appearance that I have got a brilliant
I hope this letter finds you well. I wanted to idea. As I sit here with my pen and paper, I
let you know about something significant. My find myself reflecting on the absurdity of the
relationship with John was going through a situation.

Now, I just hope that when I share my incredible and haunted. All thanks to the ghost of Helen.
tale with the world, they are left feeling surprised John Hallock

23. (A) The speaker in the above lines is Helen. tone. Brown's makes a good use of dialogue
(B) The request has been made to John and description to create vivid scenes and
Hallock. characters. She uses irony and satire to poke
(C) The speaker requested so because she was fun at the publishing industry and its practices.
frustrated with the regular use of Ouija Overall, her writing style makes it an enjoyable
board. and thought-provoking read.
(D) The speaker has been giving the idea or 29. Exhausted from answering questions from
plot of the story to John Hallock.
Ouija board supporters, Helen, and her fellow
24. (A) John wanted Lavinia to return the Ouija hosts decided to go on strike. They believed
Board to the retailer and swap it for they were too often upset to respond to absurd
something else. Lavinia describes this as inquiries. She suggested that the narrator get
"anything of the kind." his friends and acquaintances to give up using
(B) An Ouija Board has been bought by Lavinia Ouija boards.
at a bargain sale.
30. John thought his wife was a fragile who was
(C) "The other world" refers to the supernatural
too afraid of anything, not even a mouse.
world, the world of ghosts and spirits.
She would literally have a heart attack if she
(D) Lavinia does not want to exchange the
saw a ghost in her living room but Lavinia did
Ouija Board because she is interested in the
not tremble even for a second and patiently
supernatural or spiritual realm.
observed and listened to Helen.
25. (A) Jenkins' magazine had been the only one
to print the narrator's stories. So, he could 31. He wasn't a ghost story specialist, but every
not refuse Jenkins' request to write a ghost now and then, an idea would strike him and
story for his magazine. he'd write a story. Helen explained that 'The
(B) An antonym of 'contradict' is 'agree' . Writer's Inspiration Bureau' used to assist
writers who were stuck for ideas and didn't
(C) Jenkins wanted Hallock to write a ghost
know what to write about.
story for his magazine.
(D) 'I' refers to the narrator or the speaker in 32. The irony lies in the second part of the
the text. statement, where the narrator expresses that
ghost stories seemed to specialize them. This
26. (A) The speaker of the given lines is a ghost
named Helen. suggests that despite his lack of interest or
intention, he found himself becoming more
(B) The request has been made to John
involved and absorbed in the world of ghost
Hallock, a ghost story writer.
stories.
(C) The speaker had made this request
because she and her companions have to 33. Helen and the other ghosts were not happy
answer the questions asked through Ouija with the Ouija Boards. Actually, they were
Boards and thus have no time to help regularly contacted by Ouija board players
writers. to answer meaningless inquiries. They used
(D) The speaker had been assisting the writer to suffer sleepless, restless evenings. They
by giving shape to his thoughts for ghost became tired of it.
stories.
34. The domain of the supernatural is intended
27. Lavinia brought John the Ouija Board because to be out of reach of people. However, in his
she believed it would help her husband in story
search for the unknown, man has explored
writing. John didn't have to peruse dingy old
this forbidden world and invented numerous
books at the public library if he had to write
methods of communicating with supernatural
historical fiction.
creatures. Numerous individuals claim to utilize
28. Elsie Brown's writing style in A Shady Plot Ouija boards, Tarot cards and other tools to
is characterized by its light and humorous summon otherworldly forces.
A Shady Plot 107

The lesson 'A Shady Plot' highlights this fact as his wife encounter when she brings home an
a primary issue. Though the narrative depicts Ouija board and throws an Ouija board party.
a ghost readily providing help to a writer, this This is a reminder that man should not encroach
ghost is opposed to the usage of Ouija boards upon the forbidden land of the spirits and rely
for any type of communication or invocation. upon his own wit and intelligence to solve his
We watch the difficulty that the narrator and problems.
PUSH YOURSELF
Scan QR code to
Push Yourself

Introduction
 The story, ‘Patol Babu, Film Star’ by Satyajit Roy and commitment. The chapter emphasizes the
tells the story of Patol Babu, an ordinary man who difficulties people have when following their
once loved acting. He unexpectedly gets a chance assions, particularly in the film business. It explores
themes of dedication, the unappreciated work of
to act in a film, but the role is small. Even if it seems artists, and the conflict between an individual's
like a little part, Patol Babu handles it with passion commitment and the disregard of the industry.
Significant Morals
(1) One should always acknowledge the hard work, dedication, and sacrifices made by other individuals.
(2) One should approach even seemingly small tasks with sincerity and professionalism.
(3) No victory is small or big. Even small victories in life should be appreciated.
Dictionary
amateur Enthusiastic learner, exploring novice, hobbyist professional, expert,

and experimenting with passion master
dragged Pulled along with difficulty hauled, towed, trudged pushed, propelled,
or reluctance, possibly facing glided
challenges
perspiration Beads of moisture forming on sweat, dew, glisten dryness, coolness,

the skin, a sign of exertion or composure
excitement
metropolitan Bustling and diverse city, full of urban, cosmopolitan, rural, provincial, village
energy and opportunity cityscape
hubbub Lively and vibrant noise, creating clamor, chatter, commotion silence, stillness,
a buzzing atmosphere serenity
gesture Nonverbal communication, motion, sign, signal silence, immobility,

expressing emotions or intentions inaction
embezzlement Misappropriation of entrusted pilfering, larceny, honesty, integrity,

funds, a dishonest act misappropriation restitution
Patol Babu, Film Star 109

crumpled Crinkled or folded, losing its crushed, rumpled, deflated smooth, crisp, inflated
original shape or firmness
saintly Exceedingly kind and selfless, angelic, benevolent, virtuous selfish, cruel,
radiating goodness and malevolent
compassion
disheartened Discouraged and losing hope, dejected, demoralized, encouraged, hopeful,
facing disappointment or setback crestfallen motivated

our municipality gave me? Remember? This
Extract Based Qs 4 marks is only the first step on the ladder, my dear
1. Read the extract given below and answer better-half! Yes --the first step that would--
the questions that follow: God willing-mark the rise to fame and fortune
of your beloved husband!'
Buying provisions in the market, Patol Babu
mixed up his wife's orders and bought 'Counting your chickens again before they're
red chillies instead of onion seeds. And he hatched, are you? No wonder you could never
quite forgot about the aubergines. This was make a go of it.'
notsurprising. At one time Patol Babu had a (A) Explain the term 'fame'
real passion for the stage; in fact, it verged on (B) Why does Patol Babu mention the
obsession. In Jatras, in amateur theatricals, in memory of Mr. Watts shaking his hand
plays put up by the club in his neighbourhood, after his first role?
Patol Babu was always in demand. His name
(C) How is Patol Babu's reference to this
had appeared in handbills on countless
occasions. Once it appeared in bold type near opportunity as the ‘‘first step on the ladder.’’
the top: 'Sitalakanto Ray (Patol Babu) in the symbolic?
role of Parasar'. Indeed, there was a time when (D) What do Patol Babu’s inner thoughts
people bought tickets especially to see him. reveal about his character?
(A) What can be inferred about PatolBabu’s 3. Read the extract given below and answer
attitude towards theatre from the line, ‘it
verged on obsession’?
True, that he needed money very badly, but
(B) Identify one characterstic of Patol Babu
what was twenty rupees when measured
revealed in the line, 'Buying provisions in
against the intense satisfaction of a small
the market, Patol Babu mixed up his wife's
job done with perfection and dedication. Ten
orders and bought red chillies instead of
minutes or so later Naresh Dutt went looking
onion seeds.'
for Patol Babu near the paan shop and found
(C) Identify a line from the extract that
that he was not there. "That's odd - the man
depicts that Patol Babu had gained
hadn't been paid yet. What a strange fellow!"
immense popularity during his time of
acting (A) What does Naresh Dutt’s comment
reflect the society’s perception about
(D) Why do you think the author chose to
such people?
include details about Patol Babu's past
experiences in acting? (B) What does "intense satisfaction of a small
job done with perfection and dedication"
2. Read the extract given below and answer imply about Patol Babu's attitude
the questions that follow: towards work?
As far as I can see, the part isn't a big one. (C) State the synonym of the word 'intense'.
I'll be paid, of course, but that's not the main
(D) Why did Patol Babu leave before he was
thing. The thing is - remember how I started on
paid?
the stage? Remember my first part? I played
a dead soldier! All I had to do was lie still on 4. Read the extract given below and answer
the stage with my arms and legs spread. And the questions that follow:
remember how I rose from that position? "In 1943, when he was just toying with the
Remember Mr. Watts shaking me by the hand? idea of starting a club in his neighborhood,
And the silver medal which the chairman of sudden retrenchment in his office due to the

war cost him his nine-year-old job". Ever since 9. Patol felt that all of them were making fun of
then Patol Babu had struggled to make a living. him and that the shooting was a trick to fool
At first he opened a variety store which he him. Comment.
had to wind up after five years. Then he took
up a job in a Bengali firm which he gave up in 10. What message is the author trying to convey
disgust when his boss began to treat him in too through the story, ‘Patol Babu, Film Star’?
high-handed a fashion. 11. What unique elements did Patol Babu
(A) What can be inferred about Patol Babu's incorporate into his role to make it distinctive
character from his decision to quit his job and memorable?
in the Bengali firm?
12. How did Patol Babu initially react to the role
(B) What does the expression, 'cost him his allotted to him?
nine-year-old job' mean?
(C) What is the meaning of 'retrenchment' in
the given extract?
Long Qs 8 marks
(D) What idea was Patol Babu toying with? Answer the following questions in about 150 words:
13. Even though he was first let down, Patol
Short Qs 2 marks Babu accepted what was given to him and
eventually felt valued and satisfied. Write
Answer the following questions in 30-40 words: an article for your school magazine entitled,
‘Take Challenges in your Stride’.
5. How effective is the use of the line, ‘but what
was twenty rupees when measured against the 14. After Patol Babu had finished his dialogue,
intense satisfaction of a small job done with he left the set without taking his amount. As
perfection and dedication’ in conveying the Patol Babu, write a diary entry expressing
theme of attaining satisfaction even in simple your sadness on how the film industry
achievements? sometimes fails to respect genuine talent.
6. In the story, how is Patol Babu's situation 15. Imagine Patol Babu’s wife decides to write a
a commentary on the neglect of individual letter to her friend sharing her feelings about
talent in the film industry? the performance of her husband. As Patol
Babu's wife, compose a letter.
7. The character of Patol Babu draws respect
from time to time. Elaborate. 16. Describe how Patol Babu's dedication
and hard work contributed to his flawless
8. One must accept life as it comes and not performance in his small role, considering his
grumble about it. Explain this statement with unassuming, humble, and modest nature at
reference to the story ‘Patol Babu, Film Star’. 52 years old.
NCERT QUESTIONS
20. What were the special touches that Patol
Short Qs 2 marks Babu gave to his role to make it more
Answer the following questions in 30-40 words: authentic?
17. Nishikanto’s offer stirred PatolBabu to the

core. Comment.
Long Qs 8 marks
18. Who was Mr. Pakrashi? How do his words
help Patol Babu in enacting his role? 21. Do you agree with the statement that Patol
Babu is a practical man who comes to terms
19. Money and satisfaction are like parallel with whatever life has to offer. Give reasons
banks of a stream. How does thisstatement for your answer.
correspond to Patol Babu’s emotion, after the
shot was over? 22. Patol Babu was a meticulous man. Elucidate.

Ten minutes or so later Naresh Dutt went
Extract Based Qs 4 marks looking for PatolBabu near the paan shop and
found that he was not there. ‘‘That’s odd .... the
23. Read the extract given below and answer man hadn’t been paid yet. What a strange
the questions that follow: fellow !’’

(A) Where had Patol Babu gone? (A) Why had Patol Babu been disheartened?
(B) Why did Patol Babu leave without (B) Which was the word that contained a
informing anyone? 'gold-mine'?
(C) Why was Naresh Dutt looking for Patol (C) What does the word 'monosyllabic'
Babu ? mean?
(D) What does the incident tell us about (D) What made him (Patol Babu) feel that he
Patol Babu? [CBSE 2020] could write a whole thesis on the word?
24. Read the extract given below and answer [CBSE 2015]
'Counting your chickens again before they're Short Qs 2 marks
hatched, are you? No wonder you could never
make a go of it.' Answer the following questions in 30-40 words:
'But it's the real thing this time! Go and make 27. In Patol Babu, Film Star, how is Patol Babu's
me a cup of tea, will you? And remind me to character a commentary on the struggling
take some ginger juice tonight. It's very good
actors in the film industry? [CBSE SQP 2023]
for the throat.'
(A) Identify the phrase that gives an 28. Why was Patol Babu so anxious to know his
impression that the speaker does not lines? [CBSE 2014]
have any faith in Patol Babu.
(B) How does Patol Babu try to convince his Long Qs 8 marks
wife?
(C) What does the phrase 'counting your Answer the following questions in about 150 words:
chickens again before they're hatched'
29. Mr. Pakrashi was the force behind Patol Babu’s
mean?
brilliant performance as an absent-minded
(D) Why was Patol Babu not successful, pedestrian. Substantiate with reference to
according to his wife? [CBSE 2024]
‘Patol Babu, Film Star’. [CBSE 2019]
the questions that follow: OR
Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh .... " Patol Babu began giving
⊕‘Patol Babu walks away before he was
the exclamation a different inflection each paid.’ What role does Mr. Pakrashi play in
time he uttered it. developing this attitude in Patol Babu in the
After doing it a number of times he made an story, ‘Patol Babu, Film Star’? [CBSE 2020]
astonishing discovery.
30. In the lesson ‘Patol Babu, Film Star’, what
(A) Why did Patol Babu repeat the word,
kind of values are being upheld by Patol
'Oh' over and over again?
Babu? Quote instances to show his sincerity
(B) What 'astonishing discovery' did he make?
and dedication. [CBSE 2020]
(C) What does the word, 'uttered' mean?
(D) What does the practice of the word "oh" 31. No work is small or petty. How has Satyajit
tell you about Patol Babu? [CBSE 2016] Ray exemplified this in the story?[CBSE 2014]
26. Read the extract given below and answer 32. Patol Babu always remembered the words of
the questions that follow: his mentor that one has to accept whatever is

Patol Babu suddenly felt that he could offered and make the best of any opportunity.
write a whole thesis on that monosyllabic Write a letter to a friend telling him about the
exclamation. Why had he felt so disheartened value of hard work and the art of putting in
when this single word contained a gold-mine your best. Write the answer in 150 words.
of meaning? [CBSE 2013]
PUSH YOURSELF
hero’s head had banged against his forehead,
Extract Based Qs and an excruciating pain had robbed him of his
1. Read the extract given below and answer senses for a few seconds.
the questions that follow: But the next moment, by a supreme effort of
Clop, clop, clop, clop, clop–Wham! will, Patol Babu pulled himself together, and
Patol Babu saw stars before his eyes. The mixing fifty parts of anguish with twenty-five
⊕ Same answer different question style

of surprise and twenty-five of irritation, cried (A) What can be inferred about the role of
‘Oh!’ and, after a brief pause, resumed his walk. Mr. Pakrashi in shaping Patol Babu’s
‘Cut!’ perspective? 1
‘Was that right?’ asked Patol Babu anxiously, (B) What does the line, ‘without a tract of
stepping towards BarenMullick. vanity in him; a saintly person, and an actor
‘Jolly good! Why, you’re quite an actor. in a million.’ reveal about the character of
Sosanko, just take a look at the sky through the
Mr. Pakrashi? 1
dark glass, will you.’ (C) Identify the meaning of the line, ‘bow his
(A) How does extract contribute to the head in obeisance.’ 1
broader theme of dedication? 1 (D) Reflect on the idea that even a single
word like 'Oh!' can have meaning. 1
(B) Comment on the imagery of Patol
Babu "seeing stars before his eyes." How
does this vivid description enhance the Short Qs
reader's understanding of Patol Babu's Answer the following questions in 30-40 words:
state of mind at that moment? 1
3. ‘The ability of an actor to bring life to even
(C) Discuss the significance of Patol Babu's the smallest part is what defines his artistry,
"supreme effort of will" to pull himself not the splendor of the role.’ Explain with
together after the accident. 1 reference to the story. 2
(D) Explain the meaning of the word,
4. What was the trigger of Patol Babu’s chain
'excurciating' in and an excruciating pain
of thoughts that made him question the
had robbed him of his senses for a few
filmmakers? 2
seconds. 1
5. How does the story emphasize the theme of
neglect and disregard? 2

It was Mr Pakrashi who gave the advice. Gogon
Long Qs
Pakrashi, Patol Babu's mentor. A wonderful
actor, without a tract of vanity in him; a saintly Answer the following questions in about 150 words:
person, and an actor in a million. 6. Write a monologue for Patol Babu expressing
There was something else which MrPakrashi his inner thoughts and feelings about the
used to say. 'Each word spoken in a play is like film offer and also include key elements to
a fruit in a tree. Not everyone in the audience capture his unique voice. 8
has access to it. But you, the actor, must know
how to pluck it, get at its essence, and serve it
7. In the story ‘The Letter’, Ali persistently
visits the post office even after facing
up to the audience for their edification.'
disappointment each day. Similarly, Patol
The memory of his guru made Patol Babu bow Babu, even though disappointed internally
his head in obeisance. for being given a single dialogue, continued
Was it really true that there was nothing in racticing by saying the dialogue in different
the part he had been given today? He had ways. With reference to the resilience shown
only one word to say--'Oh!', but was that by both characters, create a dialogue
word so devoid of meaning as to be dismissed conversation between them as they both
summarily? share their experiences. 8

1. (A) The line "it verged on obsession" suggests 3. (A) Naresh Dutt's comment reflects society's
that Patol Babu had an intense and almost perception that individuals like Patol Babu,
overwhelming passion for theatre. It wasn't
who prioritize satisfaction and dedication
just a casual interest; he was deeply
in their work over immediate financial
absorbed in it.
gains, are somewhat peculiar. Society
(B) One characteristic of Patol Babu revealed
in the line, "Buying provisions in the market, often values financial success more than
Patol Babu mixed up his wife's orders and personal fulfillment from work.
bought red chillies instead of onion seeds," (B) The phrase "intense satisfaction of a small
is that he appears to be absent-minded or job done with perfection and dedication"
forgetful, most likely due to old age.
implies that Patol Babu values the quality
(C) The line that indicates Patol Babu's
of his work and finds fulfillment in doing
immense popularity is "His name had
even small tasks perfectly.
appeared in handbills on countless
occasions." (C)
A synonym for the word "intense" is
(D) The author included details about Patol ‘extreme’.
Babu's past experiences in acting to provide (D) Patol Babu was content with the
context and depth to his character. It helps satisfaction he experienced after doing a
us understand why acting meant so much
job well, and chose not to exchange this
to him and why he reacted the way he did
later in the story. mental gratification for cheap monetary
benefits.
2. (A) In the given extract, the word 'fame' means
popularity. 4. (A) Patol Babu's decision to quit his job in
(B) Patol Babu was profoundly impacted by the Bengali firm reflects his sense of self-
Mr. Watts's handshake of gratitude, even respect and intolerance towards being
though his contribution was small and at mistreated or disrespected.
first glance meaningless.
(B) The expression means 'sacrifice and
(C) Patol Babu's reference to opportunity as
suffering one had to face because of war'.
the "first step on the ladder" is symbolic
because it signifies a new beginning or a (C) Retrenchment means the action of an
starting point in his pursuit of fame and employee being termed 'not required', or
fortune. The ladder represents progress in 'redundant' to reduce costs following an
his acting career, and this small role could economic crisis, and removing him from
lead to more significant opportunities in his/her job.
the future.
(D) Patol Babu was toying with the idea of
(D) Patol Babu's thoughts reveals his ambitious
nature. He is not just concerned about starting a club in his neighborhood before
the payment for the part but sees it as a the sudden retrenchment in his office led to
chance to revive his past glory in acting. the loss of his job.

5. The line effectively conveys the theme beyond his wildest expectations. He felt very
of fulfillment in simple achievements by important and started building castles in the air.
highlighting the intrinsic value of personal
satisfaction and dedication. It suggests 13. Take Challenges in Your Stride
that the joy derived from doing a job well is
Unexpected obstacles frequently arise in life,
more significant than the monetary reward, placing our adaptability and tenacity to the
emphasizing the theme of finding fulfillment in test. The story of "Patol Babu, Film Star" aptly
one's work. illustrates this, depicting the journey of an
individual who, despite facing disappointment
6. By depicting how a once passionate actor is initially, performs his task with utmost sincerit
given a little role without respect for his talents, and finally attains fulfillment.
Patol Babu's character serves as a criticism of
Patol Babu was given a minor role in a film.
the disregard for individual abilityin the film
But rather than wallow in his disappointment,
business.
he tackled it with zeal and commitment. He
7. Patol Babu's character draws respect from wanted to get out of there right away, but then
time to time due to his dedication, passion for he thought back to what his mentor had said: no
acting, and commitment to his craft. Despite role should be judged by how big or small it is. We
the seemingly insignificant role, the way he can learn a lot from this. His story encourages us
approaches the task with dedication and to find fulfillment in every task, no matter how
sincerity earns him respect from those around small, and to approach them with sincerity. The
him, including the director. satisfaction he derived from his performance
showcases that true contentment often lies
8. Despite getting a small role different from his in our approach to challenges rather than the
expectations, Patol Babu accepts it gracefully, challenges themselves.
showing resilience and a positive outlook. So, let us learn from Patol Babu's journey,
The statement reflects the story's theme understanding that every challenge is an
of embracing opportunities and finding opportunity for growth and that success is
satisfaction in the journey, irrespective of the not always about the scale of the task but the
outcome. dedication we invest in it.
9. Patol Babu was disturbed after reading the 14. 15 December 20XX, Monday
one-word dialogue given to him. He felt that all
of them were making fun of him and that the 4 p.m.
shooting was a trick to fool him. He was a quiet Dear Diary,
man who never harmed anyone and these Today has been a day of mixed emotions for me.
people had got him so far to the middle of the I, Patol Babu, found myself standing on the set,
city only to laugh at him. He thought that they
delivering my dialogue with all the fervor I could
all were cruel.
muster. The words resonated with my passion
10. The author conveys the message that true for acting, but as I left the set, a heavy heart
success lies not just in grand achievements but accompanied me.
in finding joy and satisfaction in the pursuit of The film industry, I realized, doesn't always
one's passion. Through Patol Babu's journey, respect genuine talent. After putting my heart
the story emphasizes the importance of and soul into that dialogue, I left without taking
embracing opportunities, no matter how small, my dues. It wasn't about the money; it was about
and approaching them with dedication and a the lack of recognition for sincere effort. In a world
positive spirit. driven by glamour, the essence of true talent
often gets overshadowed. My disappointment
11. Patol Babu convinced himself that even isn't just personal; it's a reflection of how the
"Oh!" can be said in different ways to suit the industry fails to acknowledge the dedication
requirements of the situation it has to be of individuals like me. It's disheartening to see
uttered in. He worked extensively to bring about genuine passion overlooked, but I will hold on to
various modulations in his voice, variety in his the belief that someday, true talent will find its
facial expressions, and the appropriate body deserved spotlight.
reactions as a result of the bump. He measured Patol Babu
the distance he had to walk to make the timing
and impact of the collision perfect. 15. House number - 4
12. Patol Babu was quite thrilled after hearing Lawrence Society
Nishikanta Ghosh's offer. He never anticipated New Delhi - 110009
to get the opportunity to act in a film. It was 14 May 20XX

Dear Maria, 16. Patol Babu's dedication and hard work played
I hope this letter finds you well. Today has been a crucial role in his outstanding performance
an extraordinary day in the life of my dear in his small role. Despite being unassuming,
husband, Patol Babu. You won't believe what
humble, and modest at 52 years old, he showed
happened! He had the opportunity to act in a
film! immense passion for his work. His dedication
But when I sit down to share my emotions with made him practice his role repeatedly, ensuring
you, I feel a mixture of pride and sadness. With he knew every detail perfectly. This hard work
an unwavering passion for acting, Patol Babu paid off during the actual performance, where
gave unparalleled attention to his dialogue.
he delivered flawlessly, impressing everyone.
Unfortunately, though, in its rush for splendor,
the film industry often tends to ignore the gems. His humility and modesty kept him focused
Despite the disappointment, I see a sense of
on giving his all without seeking attention
fulfillment in Patol's eyes. He came to terms
with what was offered and found satisfaction in or acclaim. Instead, he strived for perfection,
the art he so dearly loves. It's a testament to his understanding that every detail was important.
resilience and dedication. This approach allowed him to stand out and
I feel proud today for his continuous dedication
successfully demonstrate his talent. Patol
and persistence. He continues to shine in my
heart. Babu's story shows us that devotion, hard effort,
Warm regards, humility, and modesty are important attributes
Patol Babu's Wife for success.
NCERT QUESTIONS
17. When Patol Babu's neighbour suggested that he actors in the scene had no lines at all. Though
may play a potential role in a movie, Patol Babu he was still discouraged, flashbacks to his
initially expressed great hesitation. Though he mentor, Mr. Pakrashi, came to mind. .
was thrilled to get such an offer at his age, the
Suddenly, Patol Babu saw potential in that
idea ultimately began to seep into his mind and
solitary syllable. Inspired, he recognized the
spirit.
richness in delivering 'Oh' with varied emotions.
18. Mr. Pakrashi was Patol Babu’s mentor. He used The realization shifted his focus from monetary
to say, “Each word spoken in the play is like a concerns to extracting the true essence of his
fruit in a tree. Not everyone in the audience has brief role. Despite financial needs, Patol Babu
assessed to it. But you, the actor, must know
embraced the opportunity with practicality
how to pluck it, get at its essence, and serve it
and a determination to make the most of it,
up to the audience for their edification.”
echoing the wisdom of his mentor.
19. Patol Babu's feelings after the shot fits the
saying, "Money and satisfaction are like
22. Patol Babu was a meticulous man with a lot of
perseverance. He was a very talented man who
parallel banks of a stream." To him, stage
was gifted with the art of acting. He overcome
contentment and not payment mattered. So
all obstacles and faced every challenge in life
he left the place without taking his payment.
without ever losing hope in reality. He accepted
He was extremely satisfied when he performed
an offer to play a part in this story's movie. He
well because it showed his importance of
was careful enough to count how many steps
commitment to his work.
he had to take before running into Chanchal
20. Patol Babu suggested to Mr. Mullick that the Kumar. Similarly, he practised the variation in
scene may work better if he was holding an the dialogues with different tones.
open newspaper and the collision happened
while his eyes were on the article. Additionally, he was a self concerned man
because the day before the movie was to be
21. Patol Babu, a pragmatic man and former stage filmed, he and his wife ordered ginger tea so
actor, was offered a role in Baren Mullick's that he would have a clear and loud voice. At
film with just a single syllable dialogue – 'Oh.' last, he was a very grateful man and never
Initially feeling slighted, he considered it a gave up the responsibilities that were given to
mockery of his once-prominent acting career. him even though they seemed insignificant to
But he found out that several of the other him.

23. (A) Patol Babu had either gone to his house or 26. (A) Patol Babu had been disheartened
his guru, Mr. Pakrashi’s place. because not only was his part short and
(B) Patol Babu left without informing anyone unimportant, the dialogue that he had to
probably because he felt that taking utter was only a monosyllabic exclamation
'Oh!".
money for saying his dialogue would make
his performance less important. He was a (B) The word that contained a 'gold-mine' of
true actor for whom creative satisfaction meaning was 'Oh.'
was more important as compared to (C) The word 'monosyllabic' means consisting
money. of only one syllable, such as the word 'Oh.'
(C) Naresh Dutt was looking for Patol Babu (D) Patol Babu felt that he could write a
to give him his pay for acting in Baren whole thesis on the word 'Oh' because
through practice, he discovered its varied
Mullick's film.
nuances and potential to convey a range of
(D) The incident suggests that Patol Babu is a emotions and meaning.
person who believes in working hard and
gaining personal satisfaction rather than 27. Through Patol Babu’s character, Satyajit Ray
doing anything in life for just money. highlights the plight of the struggling actors
who often go unnoticed and the difficulties
24. (A) "Counting your chickens again before they face in getting even small roles. Patol
they're hatched, are you? No wonder you Babu's dedication to his craft and his ability
could never make a go of it." to turn even a minor role into a memorable
(B) Patol Babu tries to convince his wife by one is a testament to the hard work and
sharing his past experiences. He shares determination of many such individuals in the
details about his humble beginnings in industry.
the theater, reminding his wife of the first 28. Patol Babu was keen to learn his lines for the
role he ever played — a dead soldier. film because it was his first collaboration with
He explains lying still on the stage with a well-known director and actor. In addition,
his arms and legs spread, and then the this would be his first time performing in front
moment he rose from that position. of the camera. Patol Babu had previously
(C) ‘‘Counting your chickens again before exclusively performed in theater productions,
they're hatched" refers to having unrealistic decades ago. Patol Babu was disappointed
expectations or exaggerated confidence in after reading his dialogue, which comprised
something before it has truly occurred. simply the phrase "Oh".
(D) Patol Babu told his wife about his 29. Mr. Pakrashi was very important to Patol Babu.
happiness, but she brought up memories The way that Patol Babu approached acting
of his unsuccessful attempts at many was profoundly impacted by Mr. Pakrashi's
different jobs in the past. He was counting guidance. Patol Babu found connection in
his chickens before they hatched. He Pakrashi's comparison of words to fruits on
was merely daydreaming about his a tree, which encouraged him to simplify the
achievement, which is difficult to achieve. essence of his one-syllable dialogue, "Oh."
Patol Babu changed his initial disappointment
25. (A) Patol Babu repeated the word 'Oh' over into satisfaction by remembering the wisdom
and over again to practice delivering it with of Pakrashi.
different tones or inflections. Patol Babu's ability to turn an ordinary
(B) Patol Babu made the astonishing discovery role into a memorable cinematic moment
that by varying the inflection of the word is a testimony to the profound influence of
'Oh,' he could convey different emotions mentorship of Mr. Pakrashi's teachings. He
and nuances in his dialogue. said, "Remember one thing, Patol; however
small a part you're offered, never consider it
(C) The word 'uttered' means to speak or beneath your dignity to accept it." Patol Babu
articulate aloud. was greatly influenced by these words, which
(D) Patol Babu's practice of varying the gave him the confidence and resolve to play
inflection of the word "Oh" shows his his part.
dedication and attention to detail in
perfecting even the smallest aspects 30. In the lesson 'Patol Babu, Film Star,' Patol Babu
of his role as an actor, highlighting his upholds values of sincerity and dedication
commitment to delivering a flawless despite the seemingly trivial nature of his
performance. role. His commitment to his craft is evident

when he receives a one-word dialogue, 'Oh,' emphasized by Patol Babu's transformation
and instead of dismissing it, he reflects on its from initial disappointment to a sense of
potential meaning. Patol Babu's dedication to fulfillment and pride in his performance,
bringing out the true essence of his lines, as highlighting the significance of taking pride in
advised by his mentor Mr. Pakrashi, showcases one's work, regardless of its scale.
his sincerity.
32. House number 2
Furthermore, when faced with disappointment,
Lawrence Road
Patol Babu doesn't let it deter him. He
Punjab - 110009
remembers Mr. Pakrashi's teachings about
extracting meaning from every word in a play, 21 May, 20XX
turning what initially seemed like a small role Dear friend,
into an opportunity for artistic expression. This I hope this letter finds you in good health and
reflects Patol Babu's enduring commitment to spirits. Recently, I came across a story that
beautifully illustrates the value of hard work
his passion for acting, emphasizing values of
and making the most of every opportunity.
perseverance and dedication.
It's about a character named Patol Babu who
31. Satyajit Ray's character Patol Babu in the always remembered his mentor's advice: to
story "Patol Babu, Film Star" represents the accept whatever is offered and give it your best
effort.
concept that no job is too small or insignificant.
Despite being given a seemingly small role This story reminded me that no matter how big
or small a task may seem, putting in our best
in saying the single monosyllabic word "Oh,"
effort is what truly matters. Like Patol Babu, we
Patol Babu takes it seriously. He prepares
should embrace every opportunity and work
constantly to improve his manner of speaking, diligently towards our goals.
demonstrating that he appreciates every area Hard work not only brings success but also
of his job, no matter how little. teaches us valuable lessons along the way.

When Patol Babu realizes the importance of his It shapes our character, builds resilience, and
role and the depth of meaning behind a simple fosters a sense of accomplishment.
word like "Oh," it reflects Ray's message that Looking forward to hearing your thoughts.
every task, regardless of its size, has value and Yours lovingly
can contribute to a greater whole. This is further Abc
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Introduction
 The story, "Virtually True" explores the integration memories are incorporated into the games when
of the virtual and physical worlds and how he plays them. Sebastian's remarkable recovery
technology affects human experiences. In the is the result of the blurring of boundaries between
narrative, Michael plays various computer games reality and virtuality. Michael's journey through
to explore virtual reality. His virtual adventures the virtual worlds highlights the transformational
are interwoven with Sebastian Schultz's actual power of technology and the complex relationship
coma recovery. Michael finds that Sebastian's between technology and the human mind.
Significant Morals
(1) One should never be too indulged in technology and be disconnected from the real world.
(2) Technology can reshape our understanding of reality and influence real-life outcomes.
(3) Technological advancements can have consequences, both positive and challenging.
Dictionary
tumbled fell clumsily or quickly tripped, stumbled rose, ascended
glanced looked briefly or quickly peeked, glimpsed stared, scrutinized
jowls fleshy parts hanging loosely from chins, wattles jawline, chin
the lower jaw of an animal or a
person's face
pounded struck repeatedly with heavy hammered, thumped stroked, caressed

blows
tramping walking heavily and steadily, trudging, stomping tripping, skipping

often making a noise
sword a bladed weapon, usually with a blade, rapier staff, club

single-edged, straight blade and
a hilt
grimming becoming stern or determined; scowling, frowning smiling, laughing
Virtually True 119

muttered spoke very softly, indistinctly, or mumbled, murmured shouted, yelled
with suppressed anger
gasped to inhale suddenly and sharply, choked, wheezed sighed, exhaled
typically in surprise or shock
shivery causing shivering chilly, cold warm, hot

At that moment, the sound of a gunshot
Extract Based Qs 4 marks echoed round the air. The second sheriff
1. Read the extract given below and answer groaned, and slumped back against me. Ahead
the questions that follow: of me, in bright neon lights came a message.
‘As I burst in through the swing doors of the (A) How does the author use imagery to
saloon, everyone went silent and glared at me. depict the escape scene?
I strode over to the bar. 'Sarsaparilla!' I said and (B) List the meaning of the word 'slumped
a glass of fizzy red stuff came sliding along the back'.
bar towards me. As I took a sip, I heard a loud (C) What might be the reason behind the
crash. I spun round. There, silhouetted in the second sheriff not answering to the first
doorway, was Black-Eyed Jed, the fastest gun sheriff ’s question?
in the west. 'This town ain't big enough for the (D) Describe the mood established during the
both of us, Sheriff Dawson,' he drawled, and escape scene, especially when the second
fingered his guns lightly. 'Outside. Just you and sheriff warns to ‘‘keep your head down.’’
me.'
I can remember grinning. This was really cool!
I finished my drink and slammed the glass
I'd done it! I'd rescued Sebastian at last! Before
down on the bar. Jed had already left the
I had a chance to say anything to him though,
saloon. All eyes were on me again. I wondered
the helicopter flew into the thick cloud. It
what sort of score I was notching up.
turned everything blinding white. I couldn't see
(A) What can you infer about the a think until 'GAME OVER' flashed up. I'd hit the
protagonist's feelings when Black-Eyed jackpot. I'd finally cracked the game. At least
Jed challenges him? that was what I had thought then.
(B) Identify the tone of the statement, 'This (A) Identify the expressions that indicate the
town ain't big enough for the both of us, success achieved by Michael in the game
Sheriff Dawson,' he drawled, and fingered he was playing.
his guns lightly. 'Outside. Just you and me.'
(B) What can you infer about Michael's
(C) List the meaning of the word ‘grinning’. feelings when he says, "I'd hit the jackpot.
(D) How is Michael grinning after Black-Eyed I'd finally cracked the game."?
Jed's challenge symbolic? (C) How would you describe the tone of the
2. Read the extract given below and answer sentence ‘‘It turned everything blinding
the questions that follow: white’’?
'NO!' screamed the second sheriff. Then he ran (D) Why does Michael say, “At least, that was
what I had thought then’’?
to the back of the saloon and dived through
the window. By the time I climbed out after 4. Read the extract given below and answer
him, he was already sitting on a horse. 'Jump the questions that follow:
up!' he cried. Technology was advancing every day, and
He kicked the horse, and we sped off in a cloud Dad couldn't resist any of the new gadgets
of dust. or gizmos that came on the market. That was
why we went to the Computer Fair. We came
'Who are you?' I asked again.
away with a virtual reality visor and glove and
But the second sheriff didn't answer. He'd seen a handful of the latest interactive psycho-drive
the posse of men on horseback speeding after games. They're terrific. Not only do the visor
us. 'Keep your head down,' he said. and glove change what you see, but better

than that, you can control the action by what 10. The story is filled with adventure. Prove this
you are thinking. Well Cool! statement with instances from the story.
(A) What does the term 'virtual reality visor'
mean?
11. ‘‘Dad's nutty about computers’’. What evidence
is there to support this statement?
(B) How does one conclude that the father
and son were fond of technology? 12. How did the narrator explain the unusual
(C) What is the significance of the statement experience he had while playing the game
‘‘Technology was advancing every day’’ in with Sebastian?
the context of the story?
(D) What does the extract reveal about Long Qs 8 marks
Michael's father?
Short Qs 2 marks 13. ‘‘Virtual’’ refers to something that appears

to exist but is non-existent. It just lives on
the web and has no true existence in place or
5. How effective is the line ‘Now I knew that time. The narrative by Paul Stewart centers
Sebastian Shultz, the boy from the game, really on Michael, an interactive gamer. You are
did exist.’ in conveying the theme of blurring a student in class 10th. After reading this
lines between virtual reality and actual lesson, write an article on ‘The Future of
experiences? Virtual Reality’.
story, ‘Virtually True’.
14. The story 'Virtually True' depicts a world of
immense possibilities, and presents a world
7. In the story, when Michael said, ‘I'd failed of boundless potential. Write a paragraph on
Sebastian; I'd failed the game.’ Explain what he how computer games enhance and promote
meant. values in people.
8. How does the author convey the impact of 15. What strategies can be implemented
technology, particularly computer games, on
to strike a balance between children's
the characters' lives and perceptions?
engagement with computer-based games
9. How is Michael's character a commentary on and their involvement in real-world activities,
the extent to which individuals can become considering the potential risks of addiction
absorbed in virtual worlds? and associated physical and mental stress?
NCERT QUESTIONS
19. How was Sebastian Shultz’s memory stored
Short Qs 2 marks in Michael’s disk? Did Michael discover that?
16. Michael’s meeting with Sebastian Shultz had Long Q 8 marks

been a chance meeting. Where had it taken Answer the following question in about 150 words:
place and how?
20. Sebastian Shultz has a close brush with
17. Describe the first place where Michael was death. After he recovers, he returns to
virtually transported.
school and narrates his experience to his
18. The second attempt to rescue Sebastian classmates. As Sebastian Shultz, narrate
Shultz too was disastrous. Give reasons. your experience.

(A) Which word in the extract means the
Extract Based Qs 4 marks same as 'an extraordinary and welcome
event'?
the questions that follow: (B) Why did they need a miracle?
At a press conference, Mrs Shultz said, "The (C) Did the miracle happen? How?
doctors were doing all they could, but in our (D) What had happened to make them
hearts we knew we needed a miracle. require a miracle? [CBSE 2012]
Virtually True 121

22. Read the extract given below and answer 24. How was Sebastian Shultz finally rescued by
the questions that follow: Michael ? [CBSE 2016]
It all started a month ago. Dad and I had spent 25. In the story, Virtually True, Michael said,
the entire Saturday afternoon at the Computer "That's what I like about computers. The
Fair. more futuristic they get, the better you can
understand the past." Explain what he meant.
(A) What is meant by 'Fair'?
[CBSE SQP 2023]
(B) What started a month ago?
26. How did Sebastian enter the game in the
(C) What does the speaker have a keen
story, ‘Virtually True’? [CBSE 2020]
interest in?
27. Will power and determination bring success
(D) Why did they spend so much time at the
against all odds. Comment with reference to
Computer Fair? [CBSE 2015] 'Virtually True'. [CBSE 2024]
Short Qs 3 marks Long Q 8 marks

Answer the following questions in 30-40 words: Answer the following question in about 150 words:
23. What was the aim of the game, ‘Dragon 28. In what sense can we call Michael a true
Quest’? [CBSE 2019, 17, 12 ] gentleman? [CBSE 2019]
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though he looked like a computer image, he
Extract Based Qs somehow didn't move like one.
1. Read the extract given below and answer 'There's no time to explain,' he shouted. 'Just
the questions that follow: follow me.'
Now that miracle has happened... I did what I was told. We raced down a corridor,
and through a door. We ran past some men
At that moment, the woman's hand moved. I and out through another door.
suddenly saw the photograph that went with
‘Come ON!' shouted the other sheriff.
the story, and gasped. The boy in the picture
was Sebastian. There was no doubt. "But (A) How can one infer that the other sheriff
how?" I muttered. is in a desperate situation? 1
Sebastian Shultz, the boy I'd got to know so (B) Why was he not looking like the other
well recently, had apparently been in a coma character in the saloon? 1
for all that time. I felt nervous and shivery. It (C) Why do you think the protagonist follows
didn't make any sense at all. the second sheriff's instructions without
(A) Identify one line that gives an impression hesitation? 1
that Michael was shocked. 1 (D) Identify the expression that suggests a
(B) Why does Michael find it difficult to sense of mystery in the situation. 1
believe the newspaper report about
Sebastian Shutlz? 1 Short Qs
(C) In the line, ‘I felt nervous and shivery.’
What does shivery mean? 1
(D) Why do you think the author chose to 3. ‘Virtually True’ is a science fiction with a
unveil the revelation in this particular strange touch of human emotions to it.
way, with the character seeing Sebastian's Comment. 2
photograph after the statement about a
4. List the meaning of the statement, ‘But it
"miracle"? 1 was too late. The boy had slipped and was
2. Read the extract given below and answer tumbling back through the air, down to the
the questions that follow: concrete below’. 2
Don't go out!' the second sheriff shouted. 5. Explore how the theme of memory is woven
'And who are you?' I asked. into the story, particularly concerning
He wasn't like the other characters in the Sebastian's coma and the connection to
saloon. For a start, he was about my age, and computer games. 2

6. ‘Everything that I've described is true - coma and the revelation that he was part
Virtually!’ Justify the statement and the title of a computer game. Explore your thoughts
of the story. 2 and emotions. 8
8. In the story, 'Virtually True' Michael played
Long Qs the game thinking that he was trying to save
Answer the following questions in about 150 words: a kid in a virtual world and was appalled
to know that his actions had saved a child
7. Imagine you are Michael, the protagonist in real life. With reference to both stories,
of the story. Write a diary entry reflecting write a speech on ‘Assumptions vs Reality’ in
on the moment you discovered Sebastian's about 150 words. 8
Virtually True 123

1. (A) The protagonist appears to be excited and (C) The tone of the sentence "It turned
positive when faced with the challenge everything blinding white" can be described
from Black-Eyed Jed. The mention of as suspenseful or tense.
grinning suggests excitement or thrill (D) Michael had read about Sebastian
rather than intimidation or fear. Shultz's miraculous recovery in the paper.
(B) The given statement suggests a menacing Coincidentally, he had just met up with the
tone. It implies a challenging and same character in his computer games. He
potentially dangerous situation. says the given lines because he could not
(C) "Grinning" is the term for a wide smile, quite believe that there was 'reality' in his
usually conveying laughter or contentment. 'virtual game.
(D) Michael grinning after Black-Eyed Jed's 4. (A) The term 'virtual reality visor' refers to a
challenge may symbolize his confidence, device worn over the eyes like glasses that
enthusiasm, or even a sense of enjoyment creates a simulated environment for the
in the face of adventurous confrontation. user, typically involving visual and auditory
experiences that mimic real-life situations.
2. (A) Phrases like "he ran to the back of the
saloon and dived through the window," (B) One can conclude that the father and son
and "we sped off in a cloud of dust" create were fond of technology based on the
fact that the father "couldn't resist any of
a visual representation that indulges the
the new gadgets or gizmos that came on
readers in an action-packed situation.
the market" and that they attended the
(B) The expression "slumped back" describes Computer Fair to explore and purchase the
a sudden, forceful fall or settling into a latest technological advancements, such as
seated or reclined position. virtual reality visors, gloves, and interactive
(C) The second sheriff's silence may be games.
attributed to a sense of urgency and the (C) The significance of the statement
need for immediate action. He prioritizes "Technology was advancing every day" in
safety first rather than answering questions the context of the story is that it highlights
that are not so important. the rapid pace of technological progress.
(D) The urgency of the escape, the gunshot (D) Through the extract, it is evident that
echoing in the air, and the second sheriff's Michael's father is very fond of technology
groaning contribute to a sense of danger and doesn't resist any chance of buying
and uncertainty. new gadgets and gizmos that come to the
3. (A) I'd done it! I'd rescued Sebastian at last! market.
(B) When Michael says, "I'd hit the jackpot. I'd 5. The phrase "Now I knew that Sebastian Shultz,
finally cracked the game," it can be inferred the boy from the game, really did exist" aptly
that he is excited about his achievement encapsulates the idea of the indistinctness
and feels a sense of accomplishment between virtual and real-life interactions. The
for completing the game and rescuing fact that Sebastian, the virtual character, has
Sebastian. an existential presence in the actual world is

brought to light, emphasising the connection Virtual Reality holds great potential to transform
between the two worlds. education, healthcare, and entertainment
and provide it a all new definition. Sebastian's
6. The author's writing style in "Virtually True"
recovery from coma was aided by Michael's
is engaging and descriptive. The use of
psycho-drive games, which not only kept him
vivid imagery and clear language helps in
visualizing the virtual adventures. The narrative entertained but had an impact on reality. This
unfolds with a mix of suspense and excitement, shows how unexpected yet beneficial outcomes
capturing the reader's attention throughout. from online interactions might affect our reality.
However, as we set out on this fascinating
7. By saying, "I'd failed Sebastian; I'd failed the
journey into the Virtual Reality future, we must
game," Michael is implying that he was unable
to complete the virtual tasks in time to save keep ethical considerations in mind to make
Sebastian. sure that we integrate this technology into our
lives in a responsible and balanced manner.
8. By demonstrating how computer games, such The experiences of Michael in the story offer
as psycho-drive games, affect the lives of the us a glimpse into the thrilling aspects of the
characters, the author illustrates the impact of virtual world, leaving us eager to explore what
technology. The games influence Sebastian's tomorrow might unfold.
recovery and mold Michael's experiences,
functioning as a link between the virtual and 14. In the story 'Virtually True,' computer games
the actual world. emerge as powerful tools for shaping values
and skills for young minds. Through his
9. His intense involvement with the computer
immersion in psycho-drive interactive games,
games, emotional bond with the virtual
characters, and the indistinctness between Michael discovers a world where artificial and
the virtual and real worlds demonstrate how human intellect collide. Much as in the story,
people can lose themselves in virtual worlds, computer games instill important values.
sometimes to the point that it starts feeling as Goal-setting skills are demonstrated by
if one is in a real world. Michael's will to save Sebastian in the game,
which teaches us the value of tenacity in the
10. As Michael sets out on virtual quests like face of difficulty.
Jailbreak, Dragonquest, and Wildwest, the
story is full of adventure. He goes on exciting Players must use their problem-solving abilities
adventures where the boundaries between the to make their way across complex virtual
real world and the virtual one are blurred as he environments. Through solving riddles and
fights off assailants, avoids gunfire, and races conquering challenges, Michael's experiences
against the clock. highlight the value of critical thinking and
flexibility in the real world.
11. The evidence supporting the statement "Dad's
nutty about computers" is found in the text Overcoming obstacles head-on becomes an
where it indicates that Dad couldn't resist any essential lesson. Michael's experiences with
new gadgets or gizmos, and that they went to virtual enemies serve as an example of how
the Computer Fair and bought a virtual reality overcoming obstacles in a virtual world may
visor, glove, and interactive psycho-drive help one become more resilient and courageous
games. in real-world circumstances.
12. According to the narrator, Sebastian's memory To conclude, computer games can be more than
had somehow got stored in the disk containing just entertainment; they can be powerful tools
the games. These disks had been stolen from for instilling values, problem-solving abilities,
the Shultz' house and they had found their and resilience in young minds.
way to the Computer Fair from where the
narrator's father had bought them for him. 15. Today's entertainment has been redefined, and
children live in a world of science fiction and
13. The Future of Virtual Reality fantasy fueled by technology. Visors and gloves
The captivating tale of Michael and his make the experience more immersive, and the
adventures in psycho-drive interactive games kids are hooked on the current fad-interactive
opens a door to the future of Virtual Reality (VR). psycho-drive games. Adults are not far behind.
In simple terms, 'virtual' means something that Every succeeding victory provides the player
appears real but exists in the digital realm, not with an unexplained high, a lift to his or her
in our physical world. drooping spirits, and the power to command
Virtually True 125

and win. This is quickly becoming an addiction, must encourage their children to participate
particularly among teenagers. The blue whale in outdoor activities, comprehend nature, and,
game was a prime illustration of the decaying most essential, be active social beings. The
children need to be initiated, by being living
value system.
examples, to lead a balanced lifestyle so as to
The only way to combat this growing threat ensure that they grow up into mature, healthy,
is to use technology responsibly. Parents and focused individuals and not retarded robots.
NCERT QUESTIONS
16. When Sebastian Shultz was suffering from Schultz's games were stolen and found their
severe injuries, Michael happened to meet him way to the computer fair, where Michael's
through a computer game. When he hit his head father had purchased them. Yes, Michael had
in the accident, his memory was preserved in discovered that, when he played them, he
a computer. Michael got to know Sebastian restored them to his disk.
because he played the game and entered his
memory. 20. Hey everyone! You won't believe what
happened to me. About six weeks ago. I was
17. Michael was first transferred to the era that
badly injured in a motorway accident. I was
followed the American Civil War and the close
rushed to the general hospital, where the
of the 1800s. In terms of geography, it was
West America. As a Sheriff caught up in a doctors said I was critical but stable. I did not
shootout in a saloon, Michael was engaged in a regain consciousness. I was in a coma. Doctors
game called Wildwest. weren't sure if I'd wake up, but guess what? I did!
It's like a miracle. When I was out, I had this mind-
18. When Sebastian and Michael were heading blowing experience in a virtual reality game. I
towards the dungeon, the dragon appeared at
met a friend named Michael, and together, we
the end of the corridor. Before they could turn
went on these wild adventures. It felt so real! But
around, the dragon was upon them. He swung
here's the kicker – turns out, Michael is a real
his sword, but the dragon had taken Sebastian.
person, and the games we played somehow
There was nothing Michael could do.
helped bring me back to life. Technology is nuts,
19. While Sebastian Schultz was in the hospital, his right? Anyway, I'm back, and I've got a bunch of
memory was kept on Michael's disk. Sebastian cool games to share. Life is weird, but awesome!

21. (A) The word that means the same as 'an (D) They spent so much time at the Computer
extraordinary and welcome event' is Fair because they were interested in
"miracle." exploring and possibly purchasing new
(B) They needed a miracle because despite the computer-related products.
doctors doing all they could, they were still
in a desperate situation and required an
23. In the story, the aim of the game "Dragon Quest"
extraordinary event to improve. was for the player, in this case, the protagonist
Sebastian and later the narrator Michael, to
(C)
Yes, the miracle happened. Sebastian
rescue the fair princess Aurora from the wicked
Shultz, who was in a coma, woke up, which
dragon. The player had to navigate through
was considered a miraculous recovery.
various challenges and obstacles, collecting the
(D) They required a miracle because Sebastian dragon's treasure along the way.
Shultz had met with an accident and
was in a coma, and the doctors' efforts 24. Sebastian Shultz was finally rescued by
alone were not enough to bring about his Michael in the game "Warzone." In this intense
recovery. virtual reality scenario, they had to make it to a
helicopter to escape the war-torn city. Despite
22. (A) ‘Fair’ refers to an event or exhibition where
the pursuing tank and imminent danger,
various goods or services are displayed and
Michael managed to pull Sebastian out just in
often sold.
time. They escaped the pursuing threats and
(B) The speaker is referring to their visit to the soared into the sky in the helicopter.
Computer Fair, which started a month ago.
(C) The speaker has a keen interest in 25. Michael is expressing his enthusiasm for
technology, particularly computers and the capabilities of modern technology. He is
related gadgets. suggesting that as technology advances and

becomes more futuristic, it can allow people to generosity and compassion by helping
have more vivid and realistic experiences that Sebastian in the virtual reality games, even
bring the past to life. when faced with difficulties. This shows his
eagerness to help people.
26. Sebastian was playing one of the psycho-
drive games on his laptop when the accident Second, Michael demonstrates grit and
occurred. He was plugged on to the computer persistence throughout the games, overcoming
when his head banged in the accident. The adversity and never giving up. This demonstrates
computer had saved his memory in its own. his resilience and strong character. Furthermore,
Sebastian had thus entered the games and Michael demonstrates honesty and integrity
was unable to exit. by keeping his commitments and doing his
utmost to aid Sebastian, even when confronted
27. In "Virtually True," Michael's tenacity and resolve with hurdles. Furthermore, Michael's acts
enable him to navigate dangerous virtual worlds demonstrate his sense of responsibility and
in order to save Sebastian Shultz. Despite facing commitment, which are characteristics of a
obstacles like dragons and tanks, his resolve great gentleman.
never wavers. In the end, he succeeds in saving
Overall, Michael's qualities of kindness, courage,
Sebastian, demonstrating that perseverance
can overcome even the most difficult obstacles. honesty, responsibility, and loyalty make him a
true gentleman, someone who not only cares
28. Michael may be described as a real gentleman for others but also acts with integrity and
in a variety of ways. First, he demonstrates compassion in challenging situations.
PUSH YOURSELF
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Virtually True 127

Introduction
 The poem "The Frog and the Nightingale" by nightingale becomes famous, the frog's criticism
Vikram Seth tells the story of a frog and a and demands intensify, leading to her exhaustion
nightingale living in Bingle Bog. The frog convinces and eventual death. It's a cautionary tale about
the nightingale to collaborate, but he exploits the pitfalls of seeking approval and conforming to
her for profit and demands perfection. As the societal expectations.
Significant Morals
(1) One should value and preserve one's talent rather than conforming to external expectations.
(2) One should be wary of those who exploit others and should stand against manipulation.
(3) The poem suggests that the relentless pursuit of perfection can be destructive.
Poetic Devices
(1) Alliteration: Repetition of initial consonant sounds (5) Personification A figure of speech which is used
in the same line. when an inanimate object or animals/birds look
• Bingle bog or feel human qualities.
• Dusk to dawn In this poem, the frog, nightingale and other
• Brainless bird animals are personified.
• Crass cacophony (5) Symbolism: Where an object, person or situation

has another meaning other than its literal
• Something sharper, snappier
meaning.
• Better billings
• The frog symbolises cunning and
(2) Imagery : It refers to the use of descriptive
opportunistic people
language that appeals to the senses, creating a
vivid mental picture for the reader. • The nightingale symbolises innocent, gullible
and naturally talented artists
• Moonlight cold and pale
(6) Parody: It is a piece of writing that intimates another
(3) Metaphor: A device which compares two things
piece of writing or an author's style, to produce
or qualities which are unlike.
humor.
• This is a fairy tale - and you're Mozart in
• Owl of Sandwich
disguise
• Duck of Kent
(4) Onomatopoeia: Using a word which suggests • Mallard and Milady Trent
the meanings by its sound. • Martin Cardinal Mephisto
• ko-ash, ko-ash • The Coot of Monte Cristo

Dictionary
Croaked To speak in a harsh, low voice. rasped, crooned, smooth, velvety
Blared To sound loudly and harshly. boomed, roared, whispered, murmured
Scented Having a pleasant smell. fragrant, aromatic, perfumed odorless, malodorous
Dumbstruck Speechless with astonishment or amazed, astonished, indifferent, casual
disbelief.
Waded Walked through water or other sloshed, splashed, strolled, sauntered
liquid, especially with difficulty.
Startled Suddenly surprised or frightened. shocked, jolted calmed, soothed
Hopped Moved quickly on one leg or foot jumped, skipped, walked, strolled
after the other.
Flattered Pleased by someone's praise or honoured, gratified, insulted, offended
attention.
Disguise Change one's appearance to mask, conceal reveal, expose
avoid being recognized.
Adoration Deep love and respect for worship, devotion dislike, contempt
someone or something.
Shivering Trembling uncontrollably, usually shuddering, quivering stable, steady
from cold or fear.

By her voice, cheered on, enraptured
"Bravo!" "Too divine!" "Encore!"
1. Read the extract given below and answer (A) List the meaning of the phrase ‘summer
the questions that follow: moon’.
Neither stones nor prayers nor sticks, (B) What can be inferred about the poet’s
Insults or complaints or bricks perspective towards animals through the
Stilled the frog's determination mention of the loon weeping?
To display his heart's elation. (C) How is the nightingale’s voice symbolic?
(A) What can be inferred about the frog's (D) Which word from the stanza suggests
emotional state from the line ‘‘To display that the other animals were attracted by
his heart's elation’’? the nightingale’s voice?
(B) What was the frog determined to 3. Read the extract given below and answer
display? the questions that follow:
(C) What is the significance of the phrase Now the nightingale inspired,
‘‘Neither stones nor prayers nor sticks’’ in Flushed with confidence,
describing the unsuccessful attempts to and fired With both art and adoration,
stop the frog's croaking?
Sang-and was a huge sensation.
(D) How might the loathing of the frog's
Animals for miles around
voice by other creatures symbolise the
challenges one faces when expressing Flocked towards the magic sound,
individuality? And the frog with great precision
Counted heads and charged admission.
(A) How was the nightingale inspired and
flushed with confidence?
And a solitary loon
(B) What can you infer about the frog from the
Wept, beneath the summer moon. line ‘‘the frog with great precision / Counted
Toads and teals and tiddlers, captured heads and charged admission’’?
The Frog and the Nightingale 129

(C) What do you mean by ‘adoration’? Who 10. Parody is a piece of writing that intimates
had fired her with both art and adoration? another piece of writing or an author’s style
(D) How does the extract portray the frog's to produce humour. How is the line, ‘The Coot
attitude towards the nightingale's success? of Monte Cristo’ an example of parody?
11. As a frog, justify your part of the story.
Ladies with tiaras glittering 12. Was the frog to be blamed entirely for the
In the interval sat twittering- dismal fate of the nightingale?
And the frog observed them glitter
With a joy both sweet and bitter. Long Qs 8 marks
(A) What do you mean by ʻladies with tiaras’
in the above stanza?
(B) What interval is being referred to here? 13. What kind of parallels can be drawn between
(C) Why do you think the frog's joy is described Nicola and Jacopo's tenacity in the story, Two
as "both sweet and bitter"? Gentlemen of Verona and the nightingale's
resilience in the face of the frog's criticism?
(D) How is the frog characterized in the
extract? 14. ‘‘Trembling, terrified to fail,

Blind with tears, the nightingale
Short Qs 2 marks

Heard him out in silence, tried,

Puffed up, burst a vein and died.’’
5. What mood is depicted from the line “Puffed
up, burst a vein, and died”?
Keeping the poem in view, write an article
considering how selfish individuals attempt
6. There have been several incidents in the
poem wherein the readers can see the frog to take advantage of the innocent ones and
being jealous of the nightingale. Elaborate. what we can do to prevent falling victim to
the same fate as the nightingale.
7. How does the poem satirise the prevailing
social system? 15. The nightingale was an innocent bird who
8. What does the poet wish to convey via the easily fell into the plans laid down by the
metaphor of Mozart in the poem “The Frog selfish frog. Keeping this in mind, prepare a
and the Nightingale”? eulogy for the nightingale.
9. The nightingale was easily influenced by the 16. ''Survival of the fittest.'' Justify the statement
self - important frog. Comment. with reference to the poem.
NCERT QUESTIONS
18. Do you agree with the Frog’s inference of the
Short Qs 2 marks
Nightingale’s character? Give reasons for
your answer.
17. In spite of having a melodious voice and being
a crowd puller, the nightingale turns out to be
19. Bring out the irony in the frog’s statement—
a loser and dies. How far is she responsible for
her own downfall? ‘Your song must be your own’.

"Yes," the frog replied. "You see, I'm the frog
who owns this tree.
20. Read the extract given below and answer the In this bog I've long been known
questions that follow: For my splendid baritone

And, of course, I wield my pen for poor singer and stupid animal by the frog.
Bog Trumpet now and then". Explain how the nightingale lacked worldly
(A) Why is the frog famous in the bog?
wisdom which led to her miserable end.
(B) Which characteristic trait of the frog is
revealed from the above lines? [CBSE 2019]
(C) Explain the term 'baritone'.
(D) How does the frog introduce himself ? 25. In what ways had the nightingale's life
[CBSE 2024] changed after her arrival in the Bingle Bog?
21. Read the extract given below and answer the [CBSE 2019]
"You must make your public heppier : 26. Comment on the frog's character from the
Give them something, sharper, snappier. poem "The Frog and the Nightingale'.
We must aim for better billings.
[CBSE 2011]
(A) Identify the speaker of the above lines.
(B) Who does 'we' refer to ? Long Qs 8 marks
(C) What must be done for ‘better billings’?
(D) What trait of the speaker's character is
revealed through the above lines? 27. ‘The Nightingale was a misfit in the world of
[CBSE 2018] the cunning.’ Comment. [CBSE 2020]
questions that follow: 28. How far is the nightingale herself
And the foghorn of the frog responsible for her death ? [CBSE 2020]
Blared unrivalled through the bog.
(A) How did the frog become ‘unrivalled’? 29. The nightingale placed her blind trust in the
(B) Which poetic device has been used here? frog but he exploited her. With reference
(C) What does the word, ‘unrivalled’ mean? to the poem, elaborate on the statement
(D) What had happened just before this 'Betrayal always comes from those whom
extract? [CBSE 2015] you trust'. [CBSE 2014]
Short Qs 2 marks 30. The poem 'The Frog and the Nightingale
Answer the following questions in 30 - 40 words: exposes the role of critics towards fresh
23. What change did the creatures living in the talent. After reading the poem you were
Bingle Bog feel when a nightingale arrived quite disturbed. Write a letter to a poet
there? [CBSE 2019]
mentioning how negative criticism can
24. Though the nightingale was an excellent and hamper the growth of genuine talent.
naturally talented singer, she was called a [CBSE 2015]
PUSH YOURSELF
"I don't think the song's divine.

Extract Based Qs But - oh, well - at least it's mine".
1. Read the extract given below and answer (A) What is the frog’s comment on the
the questions that follow: nightingale's singing symbolic of ? 1
But it lacked a certain force". (B) What inference can be drawn from the
line “But - oh, well - at least it's mine"? 1
"Oh!" the nightingale confessed.
(C) The frog judged the nightingale’s song
Greatly flattered and impressed
critically. Which phrase in the extract
That a critic of such note displays an example of the frog's
Had discussed her art and throat: criticism? 1

(D) The nightingale was greatly flattered
Short Qs
and impressed by the frog’s remarks.
What does this suggest about her? 1
3. Elaborate the meaning of the phrase
2. Read the extract given below and answer ‘‘That's not much to boast about’’ in the
the questions that follow: frog's response to the nightingale's
opinion of her song. 2
And the sumac tree was bowed,
4. Comment on the poet’s writing style in the
With a breathless, titled crowd: poem ‘The Frog and the Nightingale’. 2
Owl of Sandwich, Duck of Kent, 5. How effective is the use of the phrase
Mallard and Milady Trent, “Trembling, terrified to fail" in conveying the
theme of fear and the pressure to meet
Martin Cardinal Mephisto, unrealistic expectations? 2
And the Coot of Monte Cristo,
Ladies with tiaras glittering Long Qs
In the interval sat twittering - Answer the following questions in about 150
words:
And the frog observed them glitter
6. Imagine you are Mrs. Packletide from the
With a joy both sweet and bitter.
story, 'Mrs. Packeltide's Tioger'. Write a
(A) What does the reference to historical letter to the nightingale from the poem
figures in the extract suggest? 1 'The Frog and the Nightingale', sharing
insights into your understanding of the
(B) What is the significance of the titled
consequences of seeking recognition and
crowd in the context of the poem? 1 the potential pitfalls of pride. 8
(C) State one inference that can be drawn
7. Imagine a conversation between the
about the frog’s thoughts and feelings nightingale and a wise, mystical creature
as he observes the crowd. 1 who appears just before her tragic demise.
In this dialogue, the nightingale seeks
(D) How has the poet used visual imagery
guidance and reflects on her journey.
in the line, “And the sumac tree was Write the dialogue, exploring the emotions
bowed”? 1 of the nightingale. 8

1. (A) The given lines showcase that even after nightingale sang flushed her with confidence.
facing insults and harsh words from other She also gained confidence under the frog's
animals, the frog was happy and proud training.
of his voice. He continued singing with (B) From the line "the frog with great precision
joyfulness. / Counted heads and charged admission,"
it can be inferred that the frog is business-
(B) The frog was determined to display his
minded and calculated, taking advantage
singing skills and nothing could stop him
of the nightingale's popularity to earn
from croaking.
money by charging admission to hear her
(C) The given lines signify that the other animals, sing.
out of frustration, started throwing stones (C) 'Adoration' means high regard or
and sticks at the frog. They even began admiration. The frog had fired her with
insulting it and its voice but all their efforts both art and adoration.
to stop him from singing went in vain.
(D) The extract portrays the frog's attitude
(D) The loathing of the frog’s voice by other towards the nightingale's success as
creatures symbolises how in a world when opportunistic and profit-oriented. The
one tries to express themselves or show frog is depicted as someone who sees the
their uniqueness, they are continuously nightingale's talent as a means to make
pulled down by other people through money.
harsh words.
4. (A) The ladies with tiaras are the females of the
2. (A) Summer moon means that it was the summer ranked birds.
season when the moon is comparatively lower (B) The interval is the break time of the musical
in sky. show that the nightingale is presenting.
(B) The poet mentions that the loon, upon (C) The frog is joyous as he is earning money
hearing the nightingale's melodious voice with every show of the nightingale. He
began weeping as it got emotional. This has bitterness in his heart because his
suggests that the poet means to convey monopoly in the field of music has been
that animals are capable of experiencing threatened by the arrival of the nightingale.
deep emotions such as loneliness and (D) The frog is characterized in the extract as
sadness. They should hence be treated like observant, noticing the glittering tiaras of
sensitive creatures with love and care. the ladies and experiencing a mix of joy
and bitterness.
(C) The nightingale's voice is portrayed as a
representation of talent in contrast to the 5. Words like "burst a vein" imply a physical
frog's annoying and repulsive croaking. breakdown, stating that the nightingale's
(D) A word from the stanza that suggests that exertions and the strain placed on her were
the other animals were attracted by the so great that they resulted in a serious
nightingale’s voice is ‘captured’. consequence.
3. (A) The encouragement of the audience that 6. The nightingale becomes a huge sensation with
cheered with loud applause whenever the her singing. The nightingale's talent is being

praised by everyone, which makes the frog, who while the brothers tirelessly worked various jobs
used to be the only performer in the bog, jealous. to support their sister Lucia's recovery. Their
It constantly criticises the nightingale's singing, devotion to Lucia's care, demonstrated by their
implying that his own singing is superior. odd jobs and financial contributions, mirrors
the nightingale's devotion to her craft. These
7. The frog tries to force his beliefs on the inspirational stories teach us about the power of
nightingale because he believes he is better than resilience and unwavering perseverance.
her. This is similar to how some people in society
try to control or influence others because they 14. Don't Let Yourself be Fooled
think they are superior to them.
by Xyz
8. In "The Frog and the Nightingale," Mozart's The fact that there are people in our immediate
metaphor stands for knowledge and creative
vicinity who aim to exploit and take advantage
proficiency. The poet speculates that the frog,
of us is regrettable but true. Those who are
posing as Mozart, takes advantage of and
innocent and insecure and lack confidence in
manipulates the nightingale by using this
their own abilities are more likely to trust others
metaphor.
and fall into traps set by clever individuals.
9. Indeed, the nightingale in the poem appears These self-centred individuals are always
to be easily influenced by the self-important thinking of ways to further their own interests
frog. Her eagerness for approval makes her at the expense of others. They cause suffering
susceptible to the frog's manipulative tactics. to gullible people by taking advantage of their
The frog, with his authoritative demeanour,
innocence. Since we are unable to get away
convinces the nightingale to conform to his
from them, we must make an effort to prevent
ideas, even at the expense of her own well-
any malicious deed directed towards us. We
being.
must see past their mask and discover their true
10. The phrase "The Coot of Monte Cristo" takes motivations.
a dramatic title and the poet conveys it into Unlike the nightingale, we have to trust in our
a lighthearted tone by substituting the word own abilities. We shouldn't put all our faith
"Count" with the word "Coot," which is a in people. Although there will be attempts at
type of waterfowl. It's a parody because this manipulation, we must not allow other people
replacement conjures up an absurd and funny
to shape our opinions.
image.
15. All the animals and birds gathered here today,
11. When the nightingale arrived with her
melodious singing, I initially felt threatened. Today, we come together to honour the gentle
However, instead of being jealous, I saw an spirit of the nightingale, a bird that warmed our
opportunity to mentor her. I genuinely believed hearts with its melodious voice. The nightingale
that my guidance will help her improve and was an innocent bird with incredible singing
become a successful singer in the bog. abilities. In her quest for joy, the nightingale
became entangled in the plans of a self-centred
12. No, the frog shouldn't be completely blamed frog who desired nothing more than to replace
for the dismal fate of the nightingale. Being
and destroy her. She submitted to the frog's
flattered and submissive and timid, she invited
orders without question, sacrificing her own
her own death upon herself. She should have
wellbeing. The frog never showed sympathy
been able to see through the frog’s plots and
for her even though she was crying and singing
reverted accordingly. However, her innocence
nonstop.
didn’t allow her to evaluate the frog’s tricks.
Let us honour the nightingale for the happiness
13. The nightingale's fortitude in the face of the she brought into our lives and for the times when
frog's criticism reminds us of the perseverance her singing lifted the spirits of everyone around
of the brothers Nicola and Jacopo. The brothers us. May her experiences serve as a reminder
fearlessly faced the difficulties of life, much like
to value our true selves and resist giving in to
the nightingale did when she heard the frog's
external pressure. Let us try to recognize the
harsh remarks but kept singing. For example,
beauty in both ourselves and others in honour
they had to build a shelter out of rubble to
of the nightingale.
survive the harsh winters and starvation after
losing their parents in the war. In the same way, 16. The concept of "survival of the fittest" is
the nightingale continued to work on her song highlighted through the characters' actions
even after the frog insisted on more practice. and outcomes. The frog depicts the notion of

Moreover, both the nightingale and the brothers being powerful and dominant. Despite the fact
exemplify perseverance. The nightingale's nightly that others in the bog loathe his loud croaking,
performances attracted a devoted audience, he utilizes it to impose dominance over them.

The frog's persistence in showcasing his voice, help to succeed. This dependency on external
without considering others' feelings. validation leads to her demise, as she loses
The nightingale, on the other hand, captivates confidence and finally dies in an attempt to
everyone at first with her lovely song, which satisfy false expectations.
represents talent and beauty. However, she The story shows that survival isn't just about
slips into the trap of seeking approval from the physical strength but also about being true to
frog, who tricks her into believing she needs his oneself and not succumbing to pressures.
NCERT QUESTIONS
17. The nightingale ought to have been wise enough than the frog but it presented the nightingale
to see through the frog's actions towards her. exactly the opposite to what she really was.
She could have saved herself and become a
successful singer if she had not blindly followed 19. The frog's insistence that "Your song must be
the frog and had self-confidence in her abilities your own" is ironic considering his previous
and value. attempts to control the nightingale's singing
to fit his own tastes. The frog's duplicity was
18. No, I am not completely convinced by the exposed when he forced the nightingale to
inference. The nightingale was a gullible bird
comply with his standards, even though he had
but the frog portrayed her as a greedy and
untalented bird. She was much better a singer been promoting uniqueness.

20. (A) In the poem "The Frog and the Nightingale", (C) The word 'unrivalled' means having no
the frog is famous in the bog for his "splendid equal or competitor.
baritone." (D) Just before the line "And the foghorn of the
(B) From the lines provided, the characteristic frog Blared unrivalled through the bog," the
trait of the frog that is revealed is his pride nightingale tragically dies after succumbing
in his singing ability. to the pressure and stress caused by the
frog.
(C) "Baritone" refers to a male singing voice that
is lower than a tenor and higher than a bass. 23. The nightingale was greatly preferred by the
creatures of Bingle Bog. To hear the nightingale
(D) The frog introduces himself as the one who sing, they flocked in large groups. Numerous
owns the tree in the bog. He also mentions animals and birds travelled great distances to
his fame for his splendid baritone, indicating listen to her sing her beautiful songs.
that he is proud of his singing ability.
24. The nightingale was overly innocent and
21. (A) The speaker of these lines is the Frog of trusting. She accepted the frog's assertion that
Bingle Bog. he could provide her with insightful instruction
(B) ‘We’ refers to the Frog and the Nightingale. and direction. Her naive faith in someone who
ultimately proved to be cunning and self-serving
(C) To achieve 'better billings,' the frog suggests
was an indication of her lack of life experience.
giving the audience something sharper and
snappier, implying that the nightingale 25. Initially, the nightingale experienced success
needs to improve her performance to and admiration from the other creatures in the
attract more attention. bog due to her melodious singing. Over time,
(D) The speaker's character trait revealed her singing quality declined as she struggled
through these lines is his arrogance and to maintain the high standards set by the frog.
desire for recognition and success, even at Towards the end, she felt isolated and unfulfilled,
the cost of pressuring others and prioritizing as the pursuit of external validation took a toll
external validation. on her joy of singing.
22. (A) The frog became unrivalled by torturing the 26. The frog is a manipulative and nasty character.
nightingale till her death. No other creature He is extremely smart and shrewd. He dupes the
nightingale into believing he is a well-wisher,
could compete with him in singing after the
but then exploits her to the point that she dies.
nightingale's death.
(B) Metaphor has been used in 'the foghorn of 27. The Nightingale in the poem "The Frog and
the frog. the Nightingale" can be considered a misfit in

the cunning world because of her innocence, nightingale respects the frog's apparent
sincerity, and lack of worldly wisdom. She was a expertise and takes his advise, believing he has
pure and naturally talented singer, embodying her best interests at heart. However, the frog's
art for its own sake. Unfortunately, the world objectives are selfish, as he exploits her talents
she entered was filled with manipulation and for financial gain and personal fulfillment.
deceit.

The frog's manipulation and pressure to perform
Sincere and gullible, the nightingale was taken
beyond her limits demonstrate how trust
in by the frog's devious tactics. Her genuine
can be misused, leading to the nightingale's
talent went unnoticed by the cunning world,
downfall. This betrayal by someone she trusted
which was more concerned with control and
has a profound influence on her well-being and,
appearances. She met a tragic end because
ultimately, leads to her death.
the frog used its cleverness to take advantage
of her ignorance and innocence. Through her The poem teaches a valuable lesson about
genuineness, the nightingale stood out in a being cautious with whom we trust.
society that valued cunning and dishonesty.
30. House number 12
This served to emphasise the harsh fact that
sincerity and talent alone may not always be
Hirana Road
sufficient to survive in a world where deceit and Indore - 110008
cunning are common.
30 May 20XX
28. The Nightingale in "The Frog and the Nightingale" Dear poet,
bears some responsibility for her tragic end due
I just read the poem 'The Frog and the
to her naivety and lack of critical judgement. Her
Nightingale,' which left me quite worried. The
downfall was a result of her willingness to trust
frog's treatment of the nightingale, as well as
the crafty frog without doubting his intentions
the harsh criticism she received, made me about
or taking into account other viewpoints.
the role of critics towards fresh talent.

The nightingale was easily tricked by the frog's Negative criticism can really hinder the
assertion that it was an experienced critic. development of true talent. Harsh criticism can
But it's important to recognize that the frog demoralize and discourage young artists, just
was a major factor in taking advantage of her as the frog's constant demands for perfection
weaknesses and pushing her to the verge. His led to the nightingale's death. It might cause
sly demeanour and self-serving intentions individuals to question their ability and lose
caused him to offer advice that was ultimately their enthusiasm for their craft.
fatal to her. Even though the nightingale could
have been more perceptive, the cunning frog I understand how important it is to receive
who preyed on her blind trust is mainly to constructive feedback that encourages growth
blame for her demise. The poem emphasises the rather than tearing down confidence. I think
dangers of blindly believing in people without that cultivating talent with compassion and
considering their motives. encouragement promotes artistic development
and creativity.
29. In the poem, the nightingale's blind faith in Warm regards
the frog eventually leads to her exploitation,
emphasising the line 'Betrayal always comes Xyz
from those whom you trust.' Initially, the Abc
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Not Marble, nor
the Gilded
Monuments
Introduction
 Shakespeare's Sonnet 55, "Not Marble, nor the and war, the person he loves will always be
Gilded Monuments," is a timeless poem about remembered through his words. It ends by stating
the enduring power of poetry. Shakespeare that his words will live on in the hearts and minds
claims that even in the face of catastrophic events of poetry enthusiasts.
Significant Morals
(1) Real love has the power to endure beyond worldly things and leave an enduring impression.
(2) Art can endure difficult times and still be beautiful and significant.
(3) Poetry preserves memories and legacies, even in the face of life's unavoidable hardships.
Poetic devices
(1) Allusion: A mention of a quote, figure, location, (5) Epithet: Also known as hypallage, this is a figure
etc. from literature, religion, history, or any other of speech in which the epithet is transferred from
the appropriate noun to modify another to which
subject. In this allusion has been used in the line
it does not really belong.
l 'Nor Mars his sword nor war's quick fire shall burn'
l 'Than unswept stone, besmeared', 'wasteful war'
to refer to Mars as the God of War. 'sluttish time'
(2) Alliteration: Repetition of initial consonant sounds (6) Imagery: Visually descriptive or figurative
in the same line. In the phrase 'when wasteful language, especially in a literary work is called
wars' , the 'w' sound is repeated. Then is the phrase imagery.
'shall shine', the sound 'sh' is repeated. l 'Than unswept stone, besmeared with sluttish
(3) Assonance: Assonance refers to the repetition time'
of similar vowel sounds (usually in words found l 'When wasteful war shall statues overturn', 'And
broils root out the work masonry'
close together) used to achieve the effect of being
(7) Enjambment: The act of continuing a sentence
pleasing to the ear.
after a line, couplet, or stanza has ended without
l 'You live in this, and dwell in lovers' eyes' pausing.
(4) Personification: Assigning human qualities to l 'Not marble nor the gilded monuments
objects, abstract concepts, etc., for the purpose of l Of princes shall outlive this powerful rhyme,
creating a literary or artistic impact. l But you shall shine more bright in these contents
l In the phrase 'The living record of your memory', l Than unswept stone besmeared with sluttish
'sluttish time' time.'
Not Marble, nor the Gilded Monuments 137

Dictionary
Outlive To live longer than someone or Endure, surpass, Die before, perish
something else.
Masonry The craft of building with stone, Brickwork, stonework, Woodwork, carpentry
bricks, or concrete.
Dwell To live in a particular place for a Reside, inhabit Depart, vacate, leave
period of time

1. Read the extract given below and answer the Not marble, nor the gilded monuments
Of princes, shall outlive this powerful rhyme:
When wasteful war shall statues overturn,
And broils root out the work of masonry, (A) Explain the meaning of "gilded
Nor Mars his sword nor war's quick fire shall burn monuments" in the context of the poem.
The living record of your memory. (B) Why does the speaker believe that the
'Gainst death and all oblivious enmity powerful rhyme will outlive marble and
(A) What can be inferred about the speaker's gilded monuments?
attitude towards war based on the (C) What does he mean by "powerful rhyme"?
excerpt?
(D) What is the poet conveying through these
(B) List the meaning is a correct usage of
lines?
the phrase “And broils root out the work of
masonry,”.
(C) How is the expression ‘‘living record of Short Qs 2 marks
your memory’’ symbolic?
(D) How does the poet express through
visual imagery the idea that the 4. What message does the poet wish to convey
devastation caused by war will not through this poem?
affect the individual's "living record" of 5. What does the poet wish to convey by
memory? personifying time in the poem as heartless
2. Read the extract given below and answer and cruel?
the questions that follow: 6. Comment on the poet’s writing style in the
Shall you pace forth; your praise shall still find poem “Not Marble, nor the Gilded Monuments
room, (Sonnet 55)”.
Even in the eyes of all posterity
7. When the poet said, “shall outlive this powerful
That wear this world out to the ending doom
rhyme”, explain what he meant?
So, till the judgement that yourself arise,
You live in this, and dwell in lovers' eyes. 8. Poetry has the potential to survive all wars
(A) Identify the tone when the speaker says and destruction. Comment.
“You live in this, and dwell in lovers' eyes.”
9. The poet himself desire the immortality he
(B) Which word in the extract refers to the
promises his beloved. Comment.
future generations?
(C) State one reason why the speaker 10. ‘Gainst death and all oblivious enmity, shall
believes his beloved will live on ‘‘till the you pace forth.' On the basis of these lines
judgement’’. comment how the poet honours his friend.
(D) What is the significance of the phrase
‘‘That wear this world out to the ending 11. What judgement does the poet talk about in
doom’’? the ending couplet of this poem?

14. Imagine you are a journalist covering an
Long Qs 8 marks
event where a historical monument, erected
to honour a great figure, becomes a focal
12. Imagine a conversation between Ozymandias
and Shakespeare, seeking advice from the point during a time of war. As you observe
poet on how to ensure a lasting legacy. Create how conflict has affected the monument,
dialogues with reference to Shakespeare
share your thoughts with your close friend
counseling Ozymandias on the folly of pride
and the enduring power of words. by writing a letter to him.
13. The poet says that neither death nor the 15. Imagine you are the poet's friend. Write
a letter of thanks to the poet for his love
prejudice displayed by enemies can destroy
towards you.
the memory of his beloved. Taking inspiration
from the poet’s resilience and his powerful 16. How does the poet immortalize his verse
words, write a diary entry in about 150 words. along with glorifying his friend?
NCERT QUESTIONS
18. The poet says that neither forces of nature
Short Qs 2 marks nor wars can destroy his poetry. In fact,
Answer the following questions in 30-40 words: even godly powers of Mars will not have a
17. Describe how the monuments and statues devastating effect on his rhyme. What quality
brave the ravages of time. of the poet is revealed through these lines?

Extract Based Qs 4 marks Short Qs 2 marks
19. Read the extract given below and answer the Answer the following questions in 30-40 words:
Not marble, nor the gilded monuments
21. In ‘‘Not Marble, nor the Gilded Monuments’’,
how does the poet justify that his verse will
Of princes, shall outlive this powerful rhyme;
live on forever? [CBSE 2019]
But you shall shine more bright in these contents
Than unswept stone, besmear'd with sluttish time. 22. How, according to Shakespeare, will poetry
(A) What does the word 'marble' refer to? prove to be more powerful than statues?
(B) What does the phrase 'in these contents' [CBSE 2020]
mean? 23. In what way is the poet stronger than the
(C) Explain the phrase 'Than unswept stone'. powerful verses? [CBSE 2016]
(D) ‘Powerful rhyme’ in line 2 means
................... [CBSE 2012]
24. How long does a poet feel can the lover live in
the rhyme written by him? [CBSE 2011]
questions that follow: 25. What is the theme of the poem?
[CBSE 2015, 14]
When wasteful war shall statues overturn,
And broils root out the work of masonry,
Nor Mars his sword nor war's quick fire shall burn Long Q 8 marks
The living record of your memory. Answer the following question in about 150 words:
(A) Why are wars wasteful?
26. ‘‘Not marble, nor the gilded monuments, Of
(B) What does the phrase 'the work of princes, shall outlive this powerful rhyme.’’ How
masonry' refer to? does Shakespeare emphasise the fact that
(C) Why can't war have any ill-effects on the immaterial things are imperishable whereas
poet's writings? material things perish over a period of time.
(D) What does the word, 'broils' mean? Explain with reference to the poem.
[CBSE 2015] [CBSE 2014]

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(D) Identify the poetic device used in ‘‘sluttish
Extract Based Qs time”? 1
questions that follow: Short Qs
Gainst death and all oblivious enmity Answer the following questions in 30-40 words:
Shall you pace forth; your praise 3. The theme of time plays a major role. Prove
shall still find room, this statement with instances from the
Even in the eyes of all posterity story. 2
That wear this world out to 4. Bring out the irony in the sentence “Nor Mars
the ending doom. his sword nor war's quick fire shall burn; The
(A) Explain “find room, Even in the eyes of all living record of your memory”. 2
posterity”. 1 5. Words leave a powerful impact in the minds
(B) How will the poet’s beloved pace forth of the readers. Comment with reference to
against death and oblivious enmity? 1 the poem. 2
(C) How is the theme of immortality
expressed in ‘‘Shall you pace forth”? 1 Long Qs
(D) Identify the tone of the poet in the Answer the following questions about 150 words:
following stanza. 1
6. ‘‘Things that are materialistic don't really
2. Read the extract given below and answer last. The people we love and the principles
the questions that follow: we uphold are what really count.’’ Explain
Not marble, nor the gilded monuments with reference to the poem 'Not Marble, Nor
the Gilded Monuments'. 8
Of princes, shall outlive this powerful rhyme;
But you shall shine more bright in these contents 7. Mrs. Packletide is motivated by her desire
to be accepted and validated by others
Than unswept stone, besmear'd with
in society. Her actions are deliberate and
sluttish time. frequently dictated by a painstaking plan to
(A) Explain the line “But you shall shine more guarantee her desired position in life. Write
bright in these contents”. 1 a letter to Mrs. Packletide, urging her to
(B) Why has the poet referred to the time as choose kindness by providing instances from
William Shakespeare's poem. Explain with
‘sluttish’? 1 reference to ‘Mrs. Packletide's Tiger’ and
(C) Explain the term 'unswept' 1 ‘Not Marble, nor the Gilded Monuments’. 8

1. (A) It appears that the speaker has an world does. The statement underscores the
unfavourable view of war. The speaker eternal quality of the beloved's existence,
seems to believe that war is damaging
suggesting that their influence will persist
and destructive based on the use of the
all the way to the "ending doom" or the
phrase "wasteful war" and the imagery of
soldiers overturning statues and destroying end of the world.
masonry's work. 3. (A) "Gilded monuments" refers to elaborate
(B) The expression implies that buildings and ornate structures, often made of
made of brick or stone can be destroyed or precious materials like gold or adorned
uprooted by Wars. It means that the things with gold leaf.
that people have created can be harmed or (B) The speaker believes that the powerful
destroyed by conflicts or wars. rhyme will outlive marble and gilded
(C) The phrase has symbolic meaning because monuments because of its enduring
it expresses the memory of the person impact and ability to preserve memories
close to the poet. War may destroy and legacies.
material objects like statues, but the (C) The term "powerful rhyme" refers to the
phrase "living record" here suggests that enduring and impactful nature of the verse
the individual's memory will endure and or poetry being described in the poem.
grow stronger over time.
(D) The poet is trying to say that 'words'
(D) The poet uses visual imagery by describing have the rare power of being preserved
war overturning statues and rooting out and immortalised and therefore outlive
masonry. This gives the reader a mental the physical structures that are built in
image of the physical devastation brought memory of great leaders.
on by war. The "living record" remains
untouched, creating a stark contrast 4. The poem suggests that the great and noble
between the devastation brought about souls have a lasting influence on all living
by war and the enduring quality of an things. The poet feels his poetry will outlive the
individual's memory.
ravages of time. He says that powerful people
2. (A) The tone in the line "You live in this, and cannot be immortalised by stone monuments.
dwell in lovers' eyes" appears to be one of He asserts that his poem will outlive all
affectionate and romantic admiration. man-made structures.
(B) The word in the extract refers to the future
generations is ‘’posterity.’’ 5. The poet describes time in a distinctive way,
(C) The speaker believes the beloved will referring to it as "sluttish time." This indicates
live on until the judgement because that the poet views time as careless and
the enduring praise and memory of the untidy. The poet intends to convey with this
beloved will persist through time. line that even intricate monuments and
(D) This expression implies that the beloved's statues created by princes can be destroyed
memory will endure for as long as the by the cruel passage of time.

6. Shakespeare uses metaphorical language and Shakespeare: Your statue failed, but my
rich imagery to explain difficult concepts. His sonnet lives. People remember through stories,
ability to use figurative language is evident in feelings, and wisdom.
the comparison of time to "sluttish time" and 13. 3 July, 20XX, Monday
the contrast between the enduring power of
9 a.m.
words and the transient nature of monuments.
Dear Diary,
7. By stating that his poem "shall outlive this Shakespeare's poem "Not Marble, nor the
powerful rhyme," the poet is implying that the
Gilded Monuments (Sonnet 55)" felt like a
ideas and feelings it conveys will endure and consoling hug for my heart. The poet discusses
have a longer lifespan than things like gilded how love endures despite wars and conflicts.
statues or marble monuments. "Powerful He sounds as though he's saying, "Hey, the
rhyme" describes the poem's emotional good memories will stick around no matter
connection and its powerful verses. what.’ ’I was shocked to witness his unwavering
conviction that the living record of his beloved's
8. Shakespeare claims that poetry is unaffected memories cannot be destroyed by any war.
from war and devastation. The poet thinks that
I was inspired to believe by his words that we
his poetry will serve as an enduring testament
can remain resilient in the face of adversity. Our
to love, outlasting even physical monuments. own words and emotions can help to preserve
Poetry can preserve human emotion even in love. It is identical to having a secret power to
the face of conflict and the passing of time. withstand any challenge life presents.
9. Shakespeare's indeed portrays a yearning I want to be like that, facing challenges with
for immortality, not just for his beloved, but a brave heart, just like the poet. The world
also for himself as the poet. In the poem, he might change, people might be unkind, but the
warmth of true feelings expressed in words
expresses the belief that his verse will outlast
can stay with us forever.
even the ravages of time.
William Shakespeare
10. The poet honours his friend by declaring that 14. 117, Ring Road
their memory will triumph over death. This
means that the poet believes their friendship
Ashoka Circle
will endure forever, overcoming all challenges Mohali
and being remembered by future generations. 12 August, 20XX
11. In the ending couplet, the poet refers to Dear Robert,
the doomsday, the Apocalypse, i.e., the last How have you been doing? It's been a long
day of humanity when God will talk about time that we did not exchanged letters. Hope
'judgement'. He makes this reference to everything is going well with you.
judgement because he wants to declare the Today, I want to share something that I came
immortality of his friend in his verse. across and felt that I shall share with you too.
12. Ozymandias: Hey, Shakespeare! Today, I have I had such a sad day today. I visited a large
come here to seek your guidance. My statue monument erected in memory of an important
lies shattered in a land and my once built person, but I was not happy. The battle had
left a trail of noise throughout the area, and
empire has been destroyed but I wish to be
the monument appeared damaged. It was
immortalized. cracked, and I was astounded by the chaotic
Shakespeare: Ozymandias, the key to eternity atmosphere around me. The monuments had
lies not in stone, but in words. You must read my been turned into ruins.
poem ‘Nor marble, nor the gilded monuments’ The once-vibrant area surrounding the
where I promise that your memory can monument had a changed look. It was
outshine even the grandest monuments. Pride illustrating how the things we create can suffer
in statues fades, but the power of words lasts. during difficult times. As the one breaking
the news, I wanted to share these moments
Ozymandias: But my pedestal boasted, "Look
in the hopes that, like Shakespeare's poems,
upon my works, ye Mighty, and despair!" the memory of the great person would
Shakespeare: Pride in achievements is
endure even in its broken parts. I hope we all
temporary. Your works crumbled, leaving only remember those great people and forever
barren sands. In my poem, I celebrate the appreciate the wonderful works of masonry
enduring nature of true legacies. although they have now been destroyed.
Ozymandias: How can words compete with Your loving friend,
my colossal statue? Amit

15. House number 14 will read your works with the same fervor as I

Lawrence Road do today.
New Delhi - 110009 Warm regards
12 January 20XX Abc
Dear Shakespeare, 16. The poet immortalizes his poem by declaring
that it will withstand even the most
Certain emotions can be expressed more
effectively in writing than vocally. When magnificent monuments and the ravages of
we met yesterday, I wanted to thank you time. He celebrates his friend by claiming that
from the bottom of my heart, but I was too their memories will outlast death. This signifies
overwhelmed to speak. As a result, I choose that the poet feels his words will permanently
to communicate with you in writing. First and capture the spirit of his relationship,
foremost, I want to thank you for giving me guaranteeing that his friend's legacy lives on
such a great poem. and is cherished.
You have accomplished the impossible with By connecting his strong rhyme to his friend's
your poetry. Your trust and affection for me eternal memory, the poet raises both his
are demonstrated when you laud and say poetry and his friend's significance, stressing
that I will be remembered even by future the timeless nature of their link and the
generations and stay everlasting until the day long-lasting influence of real friendship on
of doom. human history and memory. In doing so, he
I pray to the Almighty that your verses shall immortalizes not only his poetry but also the
become immortal and that future generations beloved relationship.
NCERT QUESTIONS
17. Monuments and statues brave the ravages 18. The poet is an optimistic individual. He is very
of time in various ways. They bear the whims confident in his abilities to compose poems
that will be remembered for all time. In these
of the natural world and become slightly
lines, we also see his confidence: When marble
tarnished in the process. Certain monuments, statues topple and stone buildings and other
like the Taj Mahal, could last for several “works of masonry” are destroyed, the poetry
centuries. will live on.

19. (A) ‘‘Marble’’ refers to statues crafted from (D) The word "broils" refers to conflicts or
marble. disturbances, typically characterized by
chaos, disorder, and violence.
(B) ‘In these contents’ pertains to this sonnet
itself. 21. The poet justifies his verse will live forever by
(C) ‘Than unswept stone’ denotes neglected claiming it will outshine marble monuments
stone monuments. and gilded statues. He thinks that his words will
live on, even after the world ends, because they
(D) ‘‘Powerful rhyme’’ in line 2 refers to the
will be appreciated by the future generations.
enduring strength and potency of the
poem's verses. 22. The poet implies that his poetry will endure
even if battle destroys statues and masonry.
20. (A) Wars are often considered wasteful Poetry seems more resilient because of its
because they result in significant loss of permanence in comparison to the transience
life, destruction of property, and depletion of physical monuments.
of resources.
23. The poet is stronger than the powerful
(B) The phrase 'the work of masonry' refers verses because his words have the ability to
to the statues and monuments built by immortalize his friend's memory and endure
masons for kings and rulers. beyond physical monuments or time.
(C) Unlike monuments and statues, the poet's 24. The poet feels that the lover can live in the
writings are ideas, thoughts and emotions; rhyme written by him until the end of time, as
they are not physical things. Hence, war the rhyme will preserve the lover's memory for
can't have any ill-effects on them. eternity.

25. The theme of the poem revolves around the However, all of their efforts are futile since
immortality of art and literature, emphasizing such monuments and memorials eventually
how poetry and powerful verses can outlast lose their luster and succumb to complete
physical monuments and preserve memories neglect, corrosion, and destruction.
for generations to come.
However, immaterial things like great poetry
26. Shakespeare's sonnet 'Not Marble, nor and art are imperishable. They withstand the
the Gilded Monuments' depicts time as a forces of decay over time and outlive all such
powerful destroyer. According to the poet, all monuments erected by princes and rulers. The
tangible things—worldly power, glory, and words of this 'powerful rhyme' will be a living
prosperity—vanish with the passage of time. record of the memory of the poet's loved one.
Princes, monarchs, and the wealthy seek to The poet asserts that his loved one will be
immortalize themselves with gold-plated remembered longer because he has written
monuments, memorials, and sculptures. about him or her.
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Introduction
 ‘"Ozymandias" narrates the tale of a traveller who of his accomplishments, the inscription on the
discovers a broken statue in the desert by the pedestal proudly declares Ozymandias to be the
powerful king of kings. But the traveller observes
name of ‘Ozymandias’. The scattered pieces of the
that not a trace of Ozymandias's kingdom is left.
statue and the deserted surroundings highlight The poem serves as an important reminder of the
the transience of human achievements. Boasting transient nature of achievements.
Significant Morals
(1) Arrogance can be fatal, as proven by Ozymandias's boastful inscription.
(2) Success and power are temporary.
(3) We should learn lessons from history by illustrating the ruins of a once-great civilization.
Poetic Devices
(1) Alliteration: Repetition of initial consonant sounds • 'My name is Ozymandias, king of kings' is an
in the same line. example of irony. The great king of old has
• cold command vanished, which is ironic. Furthermore, time
• boundless and bare has taken his empire, his rule, and his people
• lone level away. All that's left of his empire is a statue
• sands stretch that has been destroyed by time and is lost
in the dunes of a distant desert.
(2) Synecdoche: It uses part for the whole or the
whole for a part. (6) Symbolism: When something has a meaning
• the hand that mocked them beyond its literal definition—be it a person, an
object, or a circumstance.
(3) Anastrophe: It means the normal word order of
the subject, the verb and the object is changed. • The statue is symbolic of Ozymandias'
status, political tyranny and pride
• well those passions read
(4) Metaphor: A device which compares two things • The facial expressions of frown, wrinkled lip
or qualities which are unlike. and cold sneer are symbolic of cruelty and
discontent.
• Ozymandias is used as a metaphor for the
ephemeral (temporary) nature of power as • The huge size of the statue is symbolic of the
well as pride king's pride and ego.
(5) Irony: A difference between what is meant and (7) Hyperbole: An exaggerated statement or claim
what is said, between appearance and reality, that is not meant to be taken literally.
between what is true and what is not. • My name is Ozymandias, king of kings
Ozymandias 145
(8) Assonance: It is the repetition of the vowel (9) Imagery: It is used to make the reader feel things
sounds in the same line. through the five senses.
• The poet has used images involving a sense
• the sounds of /a/ in “stand and sand” and the of sights, such as two vast and trunkless legs,
sound of /e/ in “well and read. a shattered face, wrinkled lip and desert.
Dictionary
Antique Belonging to a past time; of Old, ancient Modern, new
considerable age.
Vast Extremely large in size or amount; Enormous, immense Small, tiny
immeasurable.
Shattered Broken into pieces; destroyed. Smashed, crushed Whole, intact
Wrinkled Having a series of small, irregular Creased, furrowed Smooth, flat
folds or creases.
Mocked Ridiculed or mimicked in a cruel Taunted, scoffed at Praised, admired

or disrespectful way.
Despair A feeling of hopelessness and Dejection, despair Hope, optimism
utter despondency.
Colossal Of enormous size or importance. Huge, massive Small, insignificant
Wreck The remains of something that Ruins, debris Intact, functional
has been destroyed or badly
damaged.
Bare Having no covering or decoration; Uncovered, exposed Covered, clothed
naked.
Lone Alone; without companions or Solitary, isolated Accompanied,
support. supported

(D) What feelings does the partially
destroyed statue of Ozymandias convey?
the questions that follow: 2. Read the extract given below and answer
And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command, the questions that follow:
Tell that its sculptor well those passions read Which yet survive stamped on these lifeless things,
Which yet survive, stamped on The hand that mocked them and the heart that fed;
these lifeless things,
(A) Explain: ‘‘yet survive, stamped on these
The hand that mocked them, and
lifeless things.’’
the heart that fed
(A) List the meaning of the line “The hand (B) Why is it significant that the words on
that mocked them, and the heart that fed”. the statue survive while the physical
(B) What inference can be drawn about statue itself is "lifeless"?
Ozymandias from the line “And wrinkled
(C) How does the word "fed" add to the
lip, and sneer of cold command”?
meaning of the line "the heart that fed"?
(C) The sculptor's ability to depict
Ozymandias's emotions is significant. (D) What message is conveyed through
Discuss. these lines?

Long Qs 8 marks
And on the pedestal these words appear; Answer the following questions in about 150 words:
My name is Ozymandias, king of kings:
Look upon my works, ye Mighty, and despair!" 11. Write a dialogue between William
(A) What mood does the command "Look Shakespeare, the poet who wrote ‘Not Marble,
upon my works" create ? nor the Gilded Monuments’ (Sonnet 55), and
(B) Where was it carved? the sculptor of Ozymandias's statue. What
(C) Explain: Look upon my works, ye Mighty,
could they say to each other about the
and despair.
(D) What do the words written on the creation of lasting art and how it affects the
pedestal reflect about Ozymandias? world?
12. In "Ozymandias," the statue's former

Short Qs 2 marks
strength has been diminished by time. What
connection exists between Mrs. Packletide's
4. The broken - down statue of Ozymandias
points to the short - lived nature of political quest for fame and the theme of how time
regimes and tyrannical power. Comment. affects power and glory? Answer in about
5. How has the poet mocked the greatness of 150 words.
the King, ‘Ozymandias’?
6. How do the descriptions of "a shattered visage" 13. Imagine the traveller of the poem writes
and "two vast and trunkless legs of stone" add a diary entry, narrating his personal
to the poem's overall visual impact?
impressions about the trunkless statue and
7. What is the setting of the poem,
feelings about being in the antique land.
‘Ozymandias’?
Write a diary entry in about 150 words.
8. Comment on the irony given in the poem.
9. Briefly describe the appearance of the statue 14. As the poet, compose a letter to the
of Ozymandias as depicted in the poem.
Archaeological Society about Ozymandias'
10. How does the poet in 'Ozymandias' highlight shattered statue, demanding that they
the enduring nature of art and language make efforts to preserve monuments for
compared to other symbols of power? future generations.
NCERT QUESTIONS
15. “My name is Ozymandias, king of kings.” Why 18. As a traveller in the poem, write a diary
does Ozymandias refer to himself as King of entry, narrating your personal impressions
about the trunkless statue and feelings
Kings? What quality of the king is revealed
about being in the antique land.
through this statement?

You may begin like this:
16. “Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!”

Today, I became incredibly excited as soon as I
Who is Ozymandias referring to when he
saw …
speaks of ‘ye Mighty’? Why should they
despair?
19. The poem re-emphasizes the idea that
political power is transient but art is eternal
17. ‘Nothing beside remains.’ What does the and it survives. Do you agree? Why or Why
narrator mean when he says these words? not?
Ozymandias 147
Extract Based Qs 4 marks (A) What is it that 'yet survives'?

(B) Which is the hand that mocked them?
(C) What does the word, 'stamped' in this
context mean?
My name is Ozymandias, king of kings:
Look on my Works, ye Mighty and despair ! (D) What do the words 'hand' and 'heart'
Nothing beside remains. Round the decay refer to? [CBSE 2012]
Of that colossal wreck ...

Short Qs 2 marks
(A) Who is Ozymandias?
(B) What do you come to know about him
23. Did the sculpture of Ozymandias fulfil the
from these lines?
purpose for which it had been built? Give
(C) What does the word ‘beside’ refer to? reasons. [CBSE 2019]
(D) What had decayed and why?
24. How effective is the use of the phrase "Nothing
[CBSE 2020] beside remains", in conveying the theme of
the transience and impermanence of power
21. Read the extract given below and answer the and human achievement, in 'Ozymandias' by
questions that follow: P.B.Shelley? [CBSE SQP 2023]
And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command,
25. Describe the passion that were stamped on
Tell that its sculptor well those passions read the lifeless stone of the broken statue of
Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless Ozymandias. [CBSE 2012]
things, 26. What quality of Ozumandias does the poem
The hand that mocked them, and the heart reflect? [CBSE 2015]
that fed;
(A) What do 'lifeless things' mean? Long Qs 8 marks
(B) How do we know that he was a good Answer the following questions in about 150 words:
sculptor? 27. In the poems 'Ozymandias' by Percy Bysshe
(C) How did the heart feed the passions? Shelley and 'Not Marble, Nor the Gilded
Monuments' by William Shakespeare, the
(D) What does the word 'sculptor' mean?
concept of Time is explored, but each poet
[CBSE 2014] treats it in a distinct manner. Elucidate.
[CBSE 2024]
28. Time humbles even the greatest of the great.
questions that follow: One should cultivate the quality of humility.
Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless Describe how time has reduced the mighty
things, The hand that mocked them, and the Ozymandias to nothing. [CBSE 2018]
heart that fed; 29. Bring out the central thought of the poem in
your own words. [CBSE 2014, 12]
PUSH YOURSELF
Nothing beside remains. Round the decay

Extract Based Qs
Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare
1. Read the extract given below and answer the The lone and level sands stretch far away
questions that follow: (A) What can be inferred about the speaker's
"My name is Ozymandias, king of kings: change in attitude from the start of the
Look upon my works, ye Mighty, and despair!" poem to the end? 1

(B) Which word is used to describe the (D) Identify the poetic device used in the
‘vast, empty expanse‘ that surrounds following line:
Ozymandias's ruins? 1 Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare
(C) How has the poet used visual imagery 1
when describing the vast expanse that
Short Qs
surrounds the statue of Ozymandias? 1
(D) Identify the tone that the speaker use Answer the following questions in 30-40 words:
when she says, "Nothing beside remains," 3. How is this poem a commentary on the
to describe the empty, deserted place
consequences of pride and arrogance? 2
surrounding the broken statue. 1
2. Read the extract given below and answer poem. 2
the questions that follow: 5. How effective is the use of the phrase “Look
"My name is Ozymandias, king of kings: upon my works, ye Mighty, and despair!" in
Look upon my works, ye Mighty, and despair!" conveying the theme of the poem? 2
Nothing beside remains. Round the decay
Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare Long Qs
The lone and level sands stretch far away. Answer the following questions in about 150 words:
(A) Based on the lines "Nothing beside 6. Imagine that Ozymandias hears of Mrs.
remains. Round the decay," what can Packletide’s hunt and decides to share
you infer about the current state of some advice with her about the impact of
Ozymandias? 1 wilfully killing creatures. Write a letter as
(B) Explore the meaning behind Ozymandias, in about 150 words, to Mrs.
Ozymandias's declaration, ‘‘Look upon Packletide. 8
my works, ye Mighty, and despair!” 1 7. The greatest of the great are brought to
(C) Identify the tone in the given lines "Look their knees by time. Give an example with
upon my works, ye Mighty, and despair!" 1 reference to the poem "Ozymandias." 8
Ozymandias 149
1. (A) The meaning of the line "The heart that 3. (A) The command "Look upon my works"
fed" suggests the sculptor had an in-depth creates a mood of arrogance and pride.
understanding of Ozymandias's character (B) The words were carved on the pedestal of
and passions, while "the hand that mocked the broken statue.
them" alludes to the sculptor's skill in (C) The command "Look upon my works, ye
creating the statue. Mighty, and despair" conveys a message
(B) It is implied by the line that Ozymandias of Ozymandias boasting about his
had a dominant and arrogant appearance. achievements and challenging others to
The "sneer" and "wrinkled lip" allude to an match his greatness, while also highlighting
arrogant, authoritative facial expression the futility of worldly power.
that highlights Ozymandias's arrogant (D) The words on the pedestal reflect
presence. Ozymandias's pride, arrogance, and belief
(C) The fact that the sculptor was able to in his own greatness as the "king of kings,"
depict Ozymandias's feelings effectively despite the eventual decay of his empire
immortalises the king's persona in the and the physical statue.
statue. Even though the statue itself is now 4. The shattered statue serves as a reminder that
in ruins, it nevertheless captures not only a leader's influence is fleeting, regardless of
the physical likeness but also the essence of how powerful they appear to be. Ozymandias,
Ozymandias's personality and passions. who referred to himself as the "king of kings,"
(D) A sense of loss and deterioration is wanted everyone to appreciate his creations
conveyed by the partially destroyed statue but now there's nothing left to admire.
of Ozymandias. The phrase "colossal wreck"
refers to the splendour that is now reduced 5. The depiction of the "colossal wreck" and the
to trash. The sculpture's eroded and broken statue's ruins conveys the deterioration of not
stone legs, which represent the passage of just the physical structure but also the power
and authority that Ozymandias once held. The
time, highlight the statue's deterioration.
idea of lasting greatness is ridiculed by the
2. (A) Till date, the expressions carved by the decay of the statue over a period of time.
sculptor still remain perpetuated on stone.
6. The statue's "vast and trunkless legs" convey
(B) It is significant that the words on the statue its enormous size, while the "shattered visage"
survive while the physical statue itself is conveys the fragmented state of the once
"lifeless" because it highlights the enduring powerfully expressive face. This makes us feel
power of language and art compared to the emptiness and decay of what used to be
physical symbols of power. was a symbol of strength.
(C) The word "fed" suggests that the heart of
Ozymandias, which symbolizes his power
7. The poem "Ozymandias" is set in a vast desert.
The setting is barren, with only the ruins of a
and ambitions, was nourished or sustained
once-great civilization, highlighting the fleeting
by something..
nature of human accomplishments against a
(D) The message conveyed here is: Ravages of vast and eternal landscape.
time spares none. It highlights the variety of
human glory and power that is reduced to 8. "I am the king of kings," was inscribed by King
dust. Ozymandias on the pedestal of the statue.

The king's statue was, however, lying in the her absurd desire to stay at the top of the social
dust, which is ironic. He got a statue built hierarchy.
to immortalise his name but he forgot that Both tales serve as a reminder that even the
nothing could stand against time and powerful strongest can fall, whether it's a ruler's statue
elements of nature. in the sand or a woman's quest of social status.
9. The statue is a huge one. Two trunkless legs of 13. 12 May 20XX. Monday
the statue of Ozymandias are still standing on a 12 pm
pedestal. The half-broken face is lying shattered
near the legs, half buried in the sand. There is Dear Diary,
an inscription on the pedestal that says, "My I couldn't suppress my joy when I saw the
name is Ozymandias, king of kings: Look upon immense sand dunes. In the midst of this dusty
my works, ye Mighty, and despair!" desert, I discovered the remains of an emperor.
It turned out to be a shattered statue in the
10. In the poem 'Ozymandias', the lines 'which midst of the desert. I looked for the statue's
yet survive' emphasize the immortality of the face, which I discovered laying nearby, half-
artist's work. The sculptor's hands replicated buried in the sand. The face was shattered, but
and reproduced his subject's passions. Even a sneer and cold command could still be seen
when the sculptor's subject has died his on it. It was clear that the person was harsh
masterpiece remains alive (imprinted) on the and arrogant. The sculptor perfectly nailed the
otherwise lifeless stones. face characteristics of a 'wicked and pompous'
individual. My gaze then focused on the pedestal
11. Sculptor: Hello, sir! Your words last a really long with the inscription 'Ozymandias'.
time, while my Ozymandias statue is falling
apart in the desert. How do your words stay Perhaps he had his statue created so that the
world would remember him even after his
strong when my stone is breaking?
death, unaware that even the 'king of kings' is

Shakespeare: Your stone statue, you see, tells not exempt to the passage of time. Throughout
a story about the fleeting nature of power. my journey through the sand dunes I've learnt
However, I believe that beauty and love endure a lesson in humility.
the passage of time. Abc
Sculptor: Your poem talks about memories that 14. House number 12
never go away. Is it really true that words have 12 Lawrence Road
more power than a large, sturdy statue?
California
Shakespeare: You're right, buddy. While stone 12 May 20XX
can deteriorate with age, poetry, like a resilient The Head
flower, endures in people's memories for ages.
The Archeological Society
Sculptor: With love, I carved Ozymandias, California
believing it would last forever. It's telling a
Subject: Preservation of Monuments
different story now, though.
Sir
Shakespeare: There are two important truths I am writing to highlight the urgent need to
that both of our crafts share. They demonstrate protect our historical treasures, like the broken
how art can be both delicate and strong, leaving statue of Ozymandias. Seeing it damaged
traces on the world for everyone to consider. deeply saddens me. This statue, once proud,
now lies half-buried and ruined in the desert.
12. "Ozymandias," the monument in the desert,
erodes with time, illustrating how even strong Preserving such monuments is vital. They teach
leaders and their magnificent creations can lose us about our past and the lessons it holds.
their elegance and power. Ozymandias's statue reminds us that power is
fleeting, and even the mightiest things can fade.
This is related to Mrs. Packletide's situation
in the story because both tales discuss how I urge you to take action. Restore and safeguard
these symbols of our heritage so that future
things change and lose significance. Mrs.
generations can learn from them. Let's ensure
Packletide thinks that killing a tiger will make
that the wonders of history don't vanish into the
her more well-liked, powerful, and popular.
sands of time.
But, like the statue of Ozymandias, her fame
is temporary and shaky. She ultimately had to Yours sincerely
suffer significant financial loss in order to satisfy Abc
Ozymandias 151
NCERT QUESTIONS
15. King Ozymandias refers to himself as the "King to be the "king of kings." But the reality that was
of Kings" to highlight his position as the most around me contradicted his high claims. The
powerful monarch of all time. The king was said empty landscape's vastness seemed to mock
to be extremely strong, aggressive, prideful, and the transient nature of human victories. The
boastful. ancient, barren land resonated with the lesson
that even the greatest empires eventually fall
16. Ozymandias addresses other powerful rulers as apart, leaving nothing more than a memory in
"ye Mighty." The command, "Look on my works, the sands of time. I will never forget this day and
ye Mighty, and despair!" can be considered will remember the lesson forever.
ironic as it depicts the ruins of the statue rather
Abc
than awe-inspiring works, demonstrating the
inescapable deterioration of even the mightiest 19. The poem "Ozymandias" does, in fact, emphasize
empires. the idea that while political power is temporary,
art is timeless.
17. The narrator emphasizes that human life is
limited when he says these things. Along with In the poem, Ozymandias, a once-powerful
the ruler's decline came a decline in popularity king, proudly proclaims his greatness, but all
and power. In this world, nothing is permanent that's left is a broken statue in a barren desert.
and eternal. The ruler's emotions have been immortalized
in the sculpture, exceeding the lifespan of
18. 16 December, 20XX, Monday the actual empire. This implies that although

1 p.m. kingdoms come and go, creative expressions
live on and share a story of the once-living
Dear Diary,
world. Art connects the past and present by
Today, I became incredibly excited as soon as I evoking feelings that can be understood by all
saw the wide stretches of sand in the desert. I generations. As contrasted with political power,
saw the broken face half-sunk in the sand and which is prone to impermanence and decay,
two huge stone legs, the remains of a once- artistic expression and creativity are timeless.
great civilization. There was a sense of mystery Essentially, the poem invites us to appreciate the
in the air. The statue, which had no trunk, stood beauty of art, as it has the potential to outlive
silently as it observed the passing of time, its the transient nature of political power. While
features frozen in a mixture of rot and pride. in this world everything is temporary, art and
When I got closer, I read the inscription on the creativity are the only things that survive and
pedestal, which proudly declared Ozymandias continue to share beautiful stories of people.

20. (A) Ozymandias is a ruler who calls himself the portrayed the emotions and character of
"king of kings." Ozymandias accurately.
(B) These lines reveal that Ozymandias is a (C) The phrase "the heart that fed" suggests
strong and arrogant king. He wants others that the heart, symbolizing Ozymandias's
to respect and be in awe of his works ambitions and power, nourished or fueled
because he thinks they are magnificent. the passions depicted in the sculpture.
(C) The word 'beside' refers to things other than (D) The word "sculptor" refers to an artist
Ozymandias's colossal works. who creates sculptures or statues, in this
(D) The lines imply that Ozymandias's case, the person who made the statue of
enormous creations have crumbled, leaving Ozymandias.
the ruins. The passage of time and the forces
22. (A) What "yet survives" are the passions or
of nature are the factors in the destruction
emotions depicted in the sculpture, despite
of his once-majestic creations.
the physical decay of the statue.
21. (A) ‘‘Lifeless things" refer to the physical (B) The "hand that mocked them" refers to
elements or objects, such as the statue the hand of the sculptor who created the
itself, which lack life or vitality. statue, which is now in a state of decay and
(B) We know the sculptor was good because the mockery.
poem mentions that he "well those passions (c) In this context, "stamped" means engraved
read," indicating that he understood and or imprinted.

(d) The words "hand" and "heart" refer to the and his face and statue are now shattered and
artistic abilities of the sculptor. buried in the sand. As time passes, such lofty
assertions and displays of grandeur and power
23. The answer is No. Ozymandias, the King of Kings, tragically come to an end. Therefore, both poets
believed he was blessed with immortality and emphasize how time, the ultimate authority,
is indestructible so in reality, the statue did not destroys and erodes all earthly grandeur and
serve its intended purpose. Hence, he made a glory.
statue of himself to make the people know about
his power. 28. It is true that time humbles even the best of the
great, and that humility is a virtue to nurture.
24. It is highly effective as it emphasizes the idea The poem 'Ozymandias', in which a visitor
that even the greatest accomplishments of from an old place sees the statue of monarch
human beings will eventually crumble and Ozymandias, demonstrates the reality of this
disappear, leaving behind only the inevitable notion.
march of time.
The statue's smashed face lay some distance
25. The shattered statue of Ozymandias conveys away from its legs, which were on a pedestal.
power and arrogance with its wrinkled lip, sneer The statue among the ruins serves as a reminder
of command, and a heart that fueled ambition. that nothing is permanent. This is man's actual
These feelings, though set in stone, represent fate, no matter how powerful or renowned he is,
the ruler's pride and authority, which marked his for the rest of his life.
reign. Thus, the passage of time had reduced the
26. The poem reflects Ozymandias's arrogance and memory of a mighty king to only a broken
pride in his power and achievements. It shows statue.
how he believed himself to be superior to others, 29. The poem "Ozymandias" by Percy Bysshe
as seen in the inscription on his broken statue. Shelley tells the story of a once-powerful
27. The theme of the poems "Ozymandias" and king, Ozymandias, whose statue lies broken in
"Not Marble nor the Gilded Monuments" is time the desert. The central thought of the poem is
as a destructive force. Shakespeare mocks the about the fleeting nature of human power and
marble and gilded monuments, statues, and the inevitable passage of time. It shows how
memorials constructed by the wealthy and even the mightiest rulers and their empires will
powerful princes in "Not Marble nor the Gilded eventually crumble and fade away.
Monuments." They construct these monuments Through the description of the broken statue
to demonstrate their wealth, grandeur, and with its inscription boasting of Ozymandias's
authority. It is a void try to become immortal greatness, the poem highlights the contrast
or to live on in the hearts and minds of the next between past glory and present decay. The
generation. But time and destructive forces central message is that no matter how powerful
like pointless battles lead to these structures someone may seem, their power is temporary,
and to fall apart. and their achievements will eventually be
P.B. Shelley’s ‘Ozymandias’ also highlights that forgotten or overshadowed by time.
the sickle of time spares none. Ozymandias, the The poem teaches us humility and the
king of kings, was once an all-powerful ruler importance of not being too proud or arrogant,
who aspired to enchant both the current and as everything in life is transient. It encourages us
next generation with his accomplishments and to focus on lasting legacies of kindness, wisdom,
power. He experienced a tragic and ironic end. and compassion rather than temporary displays
His pride was crushed by the passage of time, of power or wealth.
PUSH YOURSELF
Scan QR code to
Push Yourself
Ozymandias 153
Introduction
 ‘‘The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" by Samuel activities, cursed deeds, and also shares the
Taylor Coleridge is a powerful poem. It tells difficulties they undergo in their journey. The
poem examines themes of atonement, guilt, and
a captivating story of a sailor who shares his
the intimate relationship between people and
experiences at sea. The mariner stops a wedding
the natural world. This timeless poem elegantly
guest and begins to tell the story of his horrific examines the consequences of a person's careless
journey, which was filled with paranormal choices.
Significant Morals
(1) One should respect the natural world rather than harming it.
(2) Decisions must be carefully considered since they can significantly affect the lives of many people.
(3) Two fundamental facets of the human experience are admitting guilt and searching for atonement.
Poetic Devices
(1) Alliteration: Initial consonant sounds being (3) Irony: A contrast between reality and expression,
repeated within a single line. between what is said and what is meant between
• The wedding-guest stood still, what appears to be true and the real truth.
• The wedding-guest here beat his breast • Water, water, everywhere, Nor any drop to
• The merry minstrelsy drink (Water is everywhere, but there is none
• The fair breeze blew to drink.)
• The furrow followed free (4) Onomatopoeia: Using a word which suggests
• The white foam flew the meanings by its sound.
• Down dropped the breeze, the sails dropped down
• It cracked and growled, and roared and
• The silence of the sea
howled,
(2) Repetition: Repetition of words/phrases in the
(5) Simile: A device that uses the terms "as" or "like"
same line.
to compare two different things.
• Below the kirk, below the hill, Below the
lighthouse top • The wedding-guest stood still, And listens like
• Higher and higher every day, a three year's child.
• The ice was here, the ice was there, The ice • The bride hath paced into the hall, Red as a
was all around rose is she
• Water, water, every where • And ice, mast-high, came floating by, As
• Day after day, day after day green as emerald

• Nor dim nor red, like God's own head, • The Sun came up upon the left,
• As idle as a painted ship, Out of the sea came he !
• The water, like a witch's oils, • And he shone bright, and on the right Went
(6) Metaphor: A figure of speech wherein a word or down into the sea (Here the sun is personified
phrase is used to describe something which is not and compared to a person.)
literally applicable.
• And now the storm blast come, and he was
• Upon a painted ocean
tyrannous and strong (Here the storm is
• We could not speak, no more than if, we had
been choked with soot personified as a strong and tyrannical man.)
(6) Personification: Assigning human qualities to • Nine fathom deep he had followed us
objects, abstract concepts, etc., for the purpose of (The 'Spirit' is given the human power of
creating a literary or artistic impact. 'following' them)
Dictionary
stoppeth stopped cease, halt start, continue
aye yes alright, yeah whispered, murmured
dismal gloomy, sad dull, cheerless bright, cheerful
split broke into two parts break, chop join, merge
fiends evil spirit demon, devil angel, cherub

furrow the track formed behind the ship crease, crinkle smooth
as it sailed ahead
drought a condition of intense heat and dry, aridity flood, downpour
lack of water
withered lifeless and dry flourish, thrive droop, fade
soot solid smoke grime, ash clean, clear

(C) Explain ‘Glorious Sun’ and ‘God’s own
Extract Based Qs 4 marks head’.
1. Read the extract given below and answer (D) Identify the poetic devices used in the
the questions that follow: line, ‘That made the breeze to blow.’
And I had done a hellish thing,
And it would work' em woe the questions that follow:
For all averred , I had killed the bird And every tongue, through utter drought,
That made the breeze to blow. Was withered at the root;
Ah wretch! said they, the bird to slay, We could not speak, no more than if
That made the breeze to blow!
We had been choked with soot.
Nor dim nor red, like God's own head,
Ah! well-a-day! what evil looks
The glorious sun uprist :
Had I from old and young!
Then all averred, I had killed the bird
Instead of the cross, the Albatross
That brought the fog and mist
About my neck was hung.
(A) What emotions are conveyed by the lines
“For all averred, I had killed the bird’’? (A) Elaborate on the significance of the
phrase "utter drought" in relation to the
(B) What can be inferred about the speaker's
feelings from the lines ‘‘And I had done crew's circumstances.
a hellish thing, / And it would work 'em (B) List the meaning of the phrase ‘choked
woe’’? with soot’.
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 155

(C) How does the given line reflect the mood 6. Analyse the poem's concepts of crime and
of the poem? punishment.
“And every tongue, through utter drought,”
7. What aspects of the mariner's character are
(D) In the poem 'The Rime of Ancient Mariner' revealed by his impulsive act of shooting the
can the dead Albatross be seen as the Albatross?
curse for the Mariner?
8. How does the poem's exploration of
3. Read the extract given below and answer supernatural elements impact your
the questions that follow: interpretation of the events and the Mariner's
He holds him with his skinny hand, journey?
"There was a ship," quoth he.
"Hold off! Unhand me, grey-beard loon!"
poem ‘The Rime of the Ancient Mariner’.
Eftsoons his hand dropt he.
(A) How can we infer that the mariner was in 10. In the poem "The Rime of the Ancient
a miserable state of health? Mariner," how is the Mariner's experience
(B) How does the speaker's use of language, a commentary on the consequences of
such as "grey-beard loon" and "skinny disrupting the natural order?
hand," contribute to the mood of this
passage?
11. What does the writer wish to convey via
the use of the metaphor for Albatross as a
(C) Who says ‘‘there was a ship’’ and why?
mental burden or curse?
(D) Which poetic device is used in the above
stanza? 12. Analyse the anxiety experiences by the
Mariners as they found themselves stuck in
the vast ocean.
Nor dim nor red, like God's own head, The
glorious sun uprist: Long Qs 8 marks
Then all averred, I had killed the bird That Answer the following questions in about 150 words:
brought the fog and mist.
'Twas right, said they, such birds to slay
13. As a columnist for a literary magazine, write
an article exploring the timeless moral
That bring the fog and mist.
lessons embedded in "The Rime of the Ancient
(A) Comment on the use of simile in the first Mariner" by Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
line.
(B) Is there any change of opinion among the 14. Imagine that a few years later the ancient
mariners? Mariner meets one of the sailors. Write a
(C) What does the word 'averred' mean in the conversation between the two as the Mariner
given extract? confesses his regret for killing the Albatross.
(D) What might this extract suggest about the
15. “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” uses the
consequences or effects of the Mariner's
element of supernaturalism. Highlight the
actions in killing the bird?
use of this element.
Short Qs 2 marks 16. Things that are done, it is needless to speak

about; things that have had their course,
it is needless to remonstrate about; things
5. Which three characteristics of Romantic that are past, it is needless to blame." "Thou
poetry are present in "The Rime of the Ancient thyself art thine own bane." How does this
Mariner" by S.T. Coleridge? quote apply to the poem?
NCERT QUESTIONS
18. How does the mariner express the fact that
Short Qs 2 marks the ship was completely surrounded by
Answer the following questions in 30-40 words: icebergs?
17. What kind of weather did the sailors enjoy 19. How do we know that the Albatross was not
at the beginning of their journey? How has it afraid of humans? Why did the sailors hail it
been depicted in the poem? in God's name?

20. What is the irony in the ninth stanza? Explain 22. What is indicated by the line 'The bloody sun,
it in your own words. at noon,/Right up above the mast did stand,/No
bigger than the moon'?
21. How did the sailing conditions change after
the ship had moved out of the land of mist 23. What is the narrator trying to convey through
and snow? What or who did the mariners the description of the situation in the tenth
blame for this change? and eleventh stanzas?

28. How did the mariners escape from the ice?
Extract Based Qs 4 marks [CBSE 2012]
24. Read the extract given below and answer the 29. ‘‘The sailors are fickle minded.'' Justify this
questions that follow: statement with reference to the poem.
God save thee, ancient Mariner! [CBSE 2012]
From the fiends that plague thee thus !
30. Why did the wedding guest beat his breast ?
Why look’st thou so [CBSE 2015]
(A) Who is the speaker ?
(B) What had the ancient Mariner done ? Long Qs 8 marks
(C) How did the ancient Mariner look ?
(D) What does the word ‘plague’ mean here?
[CBSE 2019] 31. Imagine that the mariner hears of Mrs.
Packletide’s hunt and decides to share some
25. Read the extract given below and answer the advice with her, about the impact of wilfully
questions that follow: killing creatures. As the mariner, write this
Ah! well-a-day! what evil looks letter, in about 150 words, to Mrs. Packletide,
based on the consequences following your
Had I from old and young!
own experience of having killed a creature
Instead of the cross, the Albatross intentionally. [CBSE SQP 2023]
About my neck was hung.
32. Respect for all forms of life is an essential
(A) Why did the speaker have evil looks from value. Ancient Mariner's tale unmindful
the mariners? destruction of nature and its creatures
(B) Why did they hang the Albatross around deserves just punishment. Write in 150 words
the speaker's neck? this essential value as brought out in the
(C) What does the word 'evil' mean? poem 'The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.'
(D) The idiom 'Albatross around the neck' [CBSE 2015]
has been derived from this poem. What 33. Gilbert Parker said, "There is no refuge from
does the idiom mean? [CBSE 2017] memory and remorse in this world. The spirits
of our foolish deeds haunt us, with or without
Short Qs 2 marks repentance".
ST Coleridge highlights the concept of sin
and repentance in his poem. What qualities
26. What happened after the Albatross came to do you infer from this poem? [CBSE 2012]
the ship ? How was it received ? [CBSE 2019] OR
27. What were the blessings the Albatross Å
The poem, "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner'
brought with itself in ‘The Rime of the Ancient is based on the concept of sin and redemption
Mariner’ ? [CBSE 2019] / punishment. Justify. [CBSE 2012]
PUSH YOURSELF
He holds him with his glittering eye

Extract Based Qs The Wedding-Guest stood still,
1. Read the extract given below and answer the And listens like a three years' child:
questions that follow: The Mariner hath his will.
Å
Same answer different question style

The Wedding-Guest sat on a stone: (C) The lines ‘‘The ice was here, the ice was
He cannot choose but hear; there, / The ice was all around’’ reflects the
And thus spake on that ancient man, speaker's struggles. Elaborate. 1
The bright-eyed Mariner. (D) Name the literary device used in “Like
(A) How does the reader's attention get
noises in a swound!”. 1
captured by the opening scene involving
the Wedding-Guest and the Mariner? 1
(B) The Wedding-Guest "stand still" and Short Qs
listen to the Mariner "like a three years' Answer the following questions in 30-40 words:
child". What does this mean? 1
3. The idea of sin and repentance is invoked in
(C) Identify the poetic device used in the line
“And listens like a three years' child”. 1 the poem. Comment. 2
(D) The poet has used the term “bright - eyed 4. What moral teachings does the poem "The
Mariner”. Why do you think he has done Rime of the Ancient Mariner" impart to the
that? 1 readers? 2
2. Read the extract given below and answer 5. The poem "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner"
the questions that follow: uses the element of symbolism. Comment. 2
The ice was here, the ice was there,
The ice was all around: Long Qs
It cracked and growled, and roared and howled, Answer the following questions in about 150
Like noises in a swound! words:
At length did cross an Albatross,
6. Imagine you are the Ancient Mariner. Write
Through the fog it came; a diary entry capturing your feelings and
As it had been a Christian soul, observations from the moment you saw the
We hailed it in God's name. Albatross. What emotions did the sight of
the magnificent bird evoke in you, and what
(A) How does the poem's mood shift with inner conflicts did you experience following
the arrival of the Albatross? 1 its death? 8
(B) How is the poem's tone affected by the
7. ‘The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.’ revolves
line, ‘‘Through the fog it came; / As it had around the themes of Isolation and the
been a Christian soul’’? 1 effects of human behaviour. Comment. 8

1. (A) The sentence "Then all averred, I had killed conscience and the consequences of
the bird" suggests that after killing the violating moral laws.
albatross, the speaker becomes the target
of criticism, or accusation. 3. (A) We can infer that the mariner was in
a miserable state of health from the
(B) The speaker appears to be acknowledging
that his actions have caused others expression 'skinny hand'.
significant pain or suffering and expressing (B) The term "grey-beard loon" and "skinny
regret for that. The phrase "hellish thing" hand" adds to the imagery of frailty or
implies that the speaker thinks his own vulnerability,
action was immoral. (C) The Mariner says "there was a ship" to
(C) The use of the word "glorious" suggests draw the attention of the person he is
that the sun is magnificent as "like God's addressing. This statement is significant as
own head" in order to suggest that it it initiates the Mariner's tale, which forms
is divine or godlike. According to the the core narrative of the poem.
comparison, the sun is so magnificent and (D) Alliteration is used in the above stanza.
radiant, especially in the morning, that it
resembles the divine attributes. 4. (A) The Sun is said to be like God, who suddenly
(D) The poetic devices used in the line, 'That came up in all its glory. It was not dim, nor
made the breeze to blow.' are alliteration red, implying the peace that accompanied
and repetition. the Sun.
(B) Yes. there is a change of opinion among
2. (A) The phrase "utter drought" refers to
more than just a real scarcity of water; the mariners. Initially, they all averred
it also conveys the crew's surroundings' (asserted or affirmed) that killing the bird
desolation and helplessness. was justified because it brought the fog
and mist.
(B) The phrase "choked with soot" highlights
how desperate the sailors are. It depicts (C) The word 'averred' in the given extract
people gasping for air and finding it difficult means 'assert'.
to speak in a setting that is not only (D) This extract suggests that the Mariner's
physically demanding but also emotionally actions in killing the bird have significant
and spiritually oppressive. consequences. While initially, the act
(C) The phrase "utter drought" alludes to a seemed justified because it brought relief
severe and total lack of water. This adds to from the fog and mist, there is a realization
the sense of desolation. later that killing such a creature was a
(D) Yes, the dead Albatross can be seen grave mistake.
as a curse or a mental burden for the
5. Three essential components of Romantic
Mariner because the burden around his poetry are demonstrated in Samuel Taylor
neck becomes the constant reminder Coleridge's "The Rime of the Ancient
of his impulsive and destructive act. It Mariner": the sublime beauty of nature, the
also symbolises the weight of a guilty use of supernatural elements like the curse

and spectral figures, and the emphasis poem "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner."
on subjectivity and individual emotion as The poem takes us on an adventure and
demonstrated by the mariner's strong feelings emphasises the importance of protecting
of guilt and redemption. the environment. The impulsive action of the
Mariner demonstrates how hasty decisions
6. The killing of the Albatross in "The Rime of the can have far-reaching effects. It also teaches
Ancient Mariner" is the crime that results in a that one should try to make things right about
curse and subsequent suffering for the mariner something one did wrong, which is a crucial
and his crew. This is a moral lesson about the lesson in guilt and forgiveness.
consequences of careless behaviour and the
The tale also serves as a gentle reminder to
necessity of redemption. be grateful for life's blessings and to treat
7. The impulsive action of the mariner shows a people with kindness. We have a guide to assist
lack of thought or concern for the repercussions. us on our own adventures in the form of the
His hasty decision to act without first mariner's journey. So, I would strongly advise
considering the possible consequences reveals a each one of you to think before you make any
reckless and careless side of him. The albatross decision and never make any decision in a fit of
rage as it might have dangerous consequences.
is a representation of the grace and beauty of
nature. The mariner shows a lack of respect for 14. Mariner: Hi, old friend! We last sailed together
nature by shooting it. a very long time ago. I have a lot on my mind,
and I need to talk to you about it.
8. The poem's supernatural components deepen
the mystery and significance of the Mariner's Sailor: Yes, please

voyage. Curses and ghostly figures represent Mariner: You know, the incident with the

the results of his impetuous deeds. The bizarre albatross. We all had bad luck after I shot it.
events illustrate how our decisions impact both The guilt has been bothering me and I can't
the natural world and our own souls, reflecting seem to get rid of it.
the moral themes. Sailor: It's difficult to live with guilt. But that

9. Coleridge employs repetition and alliteration, journey was one that we all took together.
which contributes to the poem's rhythmic Mariner: You're right, but I fired the shot

quality and emphasises key themes and that killed the Albatross. I've discovered the
phrases. The line, "Water, water, everywhere, hard way how important it is to respect the
/ Nor any drop to drink" depicts the irony of environment and consider my choices before
being surrounded by water but unable to drink taking action.
it.
Sailor: Everyone makes mistakes. But what

10. The Mariner's impulsive act of shooting the matters is what we decide to do next.
Albatross, a symbol of nature and God's Mariner: I've made the decision to tell others

creation, is the initial disruption of the natural about my experience in hopes that they won't
order. The bird, which had initially provided a make the same mistakes.
favorable wind and guidance is senselessly
killed by the Mariner. This act is a violation Sailor: That’s good!

of the harmony between humanity and the 15. The poem's opening description of the
natural world. ancient mariner and the expression in his
11. The dead Albatross serves as a physical eyes introduce a supernatural element. He
manifestation of the Mariner's guilt and moral has the ability to captivate the attention of
transgression. The burden around his neck the wedding guests. The sailors revered the
becomes a constant reminder of his impulsive Albatross, viewing its appearance from the
and destructive act. It symbolizes the weight mist as a lucky charm, treating it as if it were a
of a guilty conscience and the consequences of "Christian soul" sent by God to save them. After
violating moral laws. killing the Albatross, the mariner is pursued by
natural disasters and paranormal things. After
12. The Mariners felt intense anxiety as they found the Albatross is killed by the mariner, its spirit
themselves stranded in the endless ocean. Fear exacts revenge on the mariner. Even though
and despair gripped them as they faced the water is all around them, they are experiencing
harsh reality of their situation, with no escape
a severe drought. In the poem, supernatural
in sight, leading to a sense of hopelessness and
entities take on symbolic or allegorical roles.
desperation.
13. Moral Lessons learnt from "The Rime 16. This quotation relates to Samuel Taylor
Coleridge's poem "The Rime of the Ancient
of the Ancient Mariner" Mariner" in various ways. First, it implies that
We can learn some very important lessons focusing on previous deeds is futile, which
from Samuel Taylor Coleridge's captivating connects to the Mariner's remorse about killing

the Albatross. The Mariner's decision to shoot for himself and his crew. This emphasizes the
the bird has significant consequences, yet poem's concept of accountability.
regretting it would not affect the outcome. Furthermore, the remark emphasizes the

Second, the phrase suggests personal futility of blaming and sorrow after events
accountability, which is shown in the Mariner's have occurred. The Mariner's journey becomes
recognition that his actions caused sorrow. He a lesson about accepting consequences and
becomes his "own bane" by causing disaster learning from mistakes.
NCERT QUESTIONS
17. The weather in the beginning of the journey 20. The irony is that water is in abundant but
was really pleasant. At midday, the sun rose useless to the sailors is explained in the stanza
magnificently and gleamed on the mast. "Water, water, everywhere,/And all the boards
The idea of life, society, and human lives is did shrink;/Water, water, everywhere,/Nor any
symbolized by objects like the church, the hill, drop to drink." the water in the ocean was
and the top of the lighthouse which becomes salty hence sailors couldn't make use of it to
a bleak idea soon in the later part of the poem relieve their thirst.
as the poem’s latter section quickly turns into a 21. As the breeze decreased, so did the sails. The
depressing notion. ship stalled. The ancient Mariner killed the
Albatross that brought the breeze. Hence, the
18. In "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner," the
mariners held him responsible for this change.
Mariner expresses the fact that the ship was
completely surrounded by icebergs through 22. The phrase "bloody sun at noon" alludes to the
the lines: wrath and intensity of the midday sun. The sun
"The ice was here, the ice was there, appears blood red at noon. The sun rose above
the mast at noon. It was not as large a ball
The ice was all around."
as it is in the morning or during its setting. At
These lines eloquently describe the ship's noon the sun was not bigger than the moon.
precarious situation as it passes through an
enormous expanse of icebergs. 23. ‘Death-fires’ appeared to dance around them
at night. The seawater is referred to by the
19. Given that the Albatross followed the mariners narrator as "the witch's oil." Sea water has the
day and night, it is certain that it had no fear same "green, blue, and white" hues as witches'
of people. It lifted the mist and fog and was a oil, which is multicolored and constantly
messenger from God, and hence, the sailors boiling. But the reason for this was the various
called it in God's name. colored creatures that were creeping through
the water.

24. (A) The Wedding Guest is the speaker. (D) The idiom 'Albatross around the neck'
(B) The Mariner had killed the Albatross. means 'a heavy burden of guilt that
becomes an obstacle to success'.
(C) The memory of killing the Albatross
appears to be tormenting the Ancient 26. The mariner's transformation was prompted
Mariner, making him look miserable. by the albatross. The arrival of it broke the ice
(D) Here, ‘plague’ means trouble. between the misfortune-blamed mariner and
his crewmates. The mariner and his fellow
25. (A) The speaker received evil looks from sailors were stranded in the middle of a vast,
the mariners because they blamed him desolate ocean, but the albatross gave them
for their misfortunes after he shot the hope and relief. It turned into a ray of hope,
Albatross. They believed his actions directing them on their journey and giving
brought bad luck upon them, leading to them a renewed sense of direction. The crew
their suffering. cheered when they saw it.
(B) The mariners hung the Albatross around
27. As soon as the Albatross arrived, the massive
the speaker's neck as a symbol of their icebergs that had encircled it began to break,
condemnation and as a reminder of his allowing the sailors to successfully navigate
guilt. the ship through. The Albatross' arrival was
(C) The word 'evil' in this context refers to a good omen and blessing for the mariners
hostile or condemning looks filled with because it brought clear weather and bright
disapproval, blame, or resentment towards sunshine. The Mariners were greatly relieved
the speaker. at the sight of the bird.

28. The mariner characterizes the dangerous 32. The poem reminds us to appreciate all kinds
ice as "mast-high." Then an albatross comes of life. The Ancient Mariner's story depicts
amid the mists. The sailor begins feeding the how his senseless act of killing the Albatross,
albatross as it soars about the ship. Suddenly, a lovely creature of nature, causes enormous
the ice cracks, a south breeze blows, and the misery for him and his crew. This emphasizes
ship can move again. the importance of respecting nature and its
29. The sailors in the poem are seen as fickle- animals.
minded because they first blame the Mariner
The Mariner's penalty for his deeds serves
for their troubles but later praise him when the as a reminder about the dangers of injuring
fog clears. Their opinions change quickly based innocent people. It symbolizes the belief that
on circumstances.
every life, no matter how tiny or unimportant,
30. The wedding guest beat his breast since he is valuable and ought to be respected. The
could hear the music and cheerful sounds that poem highlights the need of being conscious
announced the bride's arrival. He was getting and courteous to nature, since causing harm
delayed by the story of the Mariner. can have serious effects.
Ultimately, the poem teaches us the
31. House number 12
importance of living in harmony with nature
Lawrence Road
and valuing all life forms.
California
12 May 20XX 33. The poem "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner"

Dear Mrs. Packletide, revolves around the concept of sin and

I hope you are doing well. I am writing to redemption or punishment. The Ancient
advise you to consider the consequences of Mariner commits a grave sin by impulsively
your actions. I killed an albatross and brought killing the Albatross, a symbol of nature's
a curse upon myself and my crew. I learned beauty and innocence. This sinful act brings
the hard way that there are often unintended about a series of calamities, leading to the
consequences to our actions. I would also suffering of the Mariner and his crew.
advise you to respect the creatures you The Mariner's punishment comes in the form
encounter. I want to encourage you to see of guilt, isolation, and supernatural forces that
the tiger as a majestic creature that deserves
haunt him. He is burdened with the weight
to be appreciated and respected, rather than
of his actions, seeking redemption for his
simply a trophy to be mounted on your wall.
Additionally, you must think about the value wrongdoing. Through his journey, he learns the
of life. I am cautioning you against taking life value of repentance, humility, and respect for
lightly, and I encourage you to consider the all life forms, ultimately finding redemption by
value of the tiger's life before taking it. Think blessing the creatures of the sea.
about how your actions affect the world The poem's narrative structure emphasizes
around you, and strive to make a positive the themes of sin and redemption, portraying
impact rather than a negative one. the consequences of sinful deeds and the
Warm Regards potential for redemption through repentance
The Ancient Mariner and understanding.
PUSH YOURSELF
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Push Yourself

Introduction
 "Snake" by D.H. Lawrence describes a meaningful and the social pressure to kill the snake. The poem
encounter between the speaker and a snake is a powerful literary piece that challenges young
and is set against the backdrop of a hot day at readers to consider the complex intricacies of
a water trough. Lawrence skillfully conveys the human behaviour and the repercussions of our
speaker's inner turmoil as he struggles with fear choices when faced with the unexpected.
Significant Morals
(1) Respecting and understanding the animals that inhabit our planet is essential.
(2) One should never make any decision in haste that one might regret later.
(3) Education is a powerful tool that should be used to create a positive impact.
(4) Making decisions that are consistent with one's values should always be the ultimate objective.
Poetic Devices
(1) Alliteration: Initial consonant sounds being • And I, like a second comer, waiting
repeated within a single line. • He lifted his head from his drinking, as cattle
• strange-scented shade do
• slackness soft-bellied • And looked at me vaguely, as drinking cattle
• mused a moment do
• burning bowels • he had come like a guest
• lick his lips • And flickered his tongue like a forked night
• dark door • And looked around like a god
(2) Repetition : Repetition of words/phrases in the • seemed to me again like a king
same line. • Like a king in exile
• On a hot, hot day (4) Onomatopoeia: Using a word which suggests
• And must wait, must stand and wait the meanings by its sound.
• black, black snakes • And threw it at the water-trough with a
• I was afraid, I was most afraid clatter
• And slowly turned his head, And slowly, very • The poet describes a sound with the word
slowly "clatter."
• A sort of horror, a sort of protest. (5) Allusion: A mention of a quote, figure, location,
• seemed to me again, Like a king, like a king in etc. from literature, religion, history, or any other
exile subject.
(3) Simile: A device that uses the terms "as" or "like" • Sicilian July- summer time in Sicily
to compare two different things. • Etna smoking- a volcano in Sicily
Snake 163
(Sicilian July with Etna smoking means • The poem frequently employs enjambment,
extreme heat like the one caused when Etna in which one line flows seamlessly into the
erupted i.e. it was as hot as the volcano Etna next.
in Sicily) (8) Rhetorical Question: A question not so much
(5) Personification: Assigning human qualities to intended to elicit an answer as to produce a
objects, abstract concepts, etc., for the purpose of dramatic effect or to make a point.
creating a literary or artistic impact. • Was it cowardice, that I dared not kill him?
• The speaker personifies the snake by giving it Was it perversity, that I longed to talk to
human characteristics, such as the ability to him? Was it humility, to feel so honoured?
drink "softly" and the status of "king in exile." (8) Metaphor: A figure of speech wherein a word or
(7) Enjambment: The act of continuing a sentence phrase is used to describe something which is not
after a line, couplet, or stanza has ended without literally applicable.
pausing. • “Dark Door” refers to a hole.
Dictionary
Slack Not taut or firm; loose or limp. floppy, lax, drooping tense, taul
Trough A long, narrow depression in the furrow, valley, dip peak, crest
ground, typically between two
ridges.
Scented Having a pleasant smell. fragrant, aromatic, perfumed odorless, malodorous
Venomous Poisonous, especially capable of toxic, noxious, deadly harmless, benign
inflicting harm through a bite or
sting.
Horrid Shockingly unpleasant or bad. appalling, awful, dreadful pleasant, agreeable
Dreadful Causing fear or apprehension; appalling, horrific, terrifying wonderful, enjoyable
terrible.
Hospitality The friendly and generous warmth, welcome, cordiality hostility, unfriendliness
reception and treatment of
guests or strangers.
Flickered Wavered or fluttered unsteadily, wavered, guttered, sputtered blazed, flared
like a flame.
Deliberately Done consciously and on intentionally, purposely, accidentally,
purpose; intentionally. consciously unintentionally
Clatter To make a loud, harsh, rattling bang, crash, clunk whisper, murmur
sound.

(A) The poet claimed that he felt honoured.
Why do you think so?
1. Read the extract given below and answer (B) How does the statement ‘‘If you were
the questions that follow: not afraid, you would kill him!’’ reflect the
Was it cowardice, that I dared not kill him? internal struggle within the speaker?
Was it perversity, that I longed
(C) Identify the phrase that states that the
to talk to him? Was it humility, to feel so
honoured? poet had a desire to talk to the snake.
I felt so honoured. (D) How can the line “Was it perversity , that I
And yet those voices: longed to talk to him?” be considered as a
If you were not afraid, you would kill him! rhetorical question?

Short Qs 2 marks
Like a king in exile, uncrowned in the
underworld, 5. The poem revolves around the theme of social
Now due to be crowned again. conventions. Comment.
And so, I missed my chance with one of the 6. The poet regretted having missed his
lords opportunity to know one of the lords of life.
Of life. How does this affect the mood of the poem
And I have something to expiate as compared to what it was earlier?
A pettiness 7. Suffering is the outcome if we act against
(A) What does the term ‘pettiness’ reflect the advice of our conscience. Explain with
about the poet’s feelings? reference to the poet’s action against the
(B) The poet refers to the snake as ‘lords of snake and its consequences.
life’. Elaborate. 8. The snake's descent into the "horrid black
(C) What mood is created from the use of hole" alludes to a deeper aspect of the world.
‘underworld’ in line 1? Comment.
(D) Identify the poetic device used in ‘And so, I
missed my chance with one of the lords Of 9. What does the snake's behaviour possibly
life.’ tell us about its interactions with the
surroundings?
the questions that follow: 10. "I despised myself and the voices of my
accursed human education". What made the
And as he put his head into that dreadful hole, poet despise these voices?
And as he slowly drew up, snake-easing his
shoulders, and entered farther, 11. A struggle between innate and learned human
A sort of horror, a sort of protest against his values is depicted in the poem. Comment.
withdrawing into that horrid black hole, 12. Explain the meaning of the line, ‘‘Thrice a
Deliberately going into the blackness, and dream’’.
slowly drawing himself after,
13. Describe the hardships faced by the snake
Overcame me now his back was turned.
because of the heat underneath.
(A) What does the phrase ‘‘snake-easing his
shoulders’’ suggest about the snake's
movement? Long Qs 8 marks
(B) What does the word ‘‘exile’’ suggest about Answer the following questions in about 150 words:
the snake in the context of the poem?
14. As D.H. Lawrence, write a diary entry in about
(C) What feelings surged up in the poet?
150 words, expressing how you were in a
(D) Why does the poet feel that the snake is state of conflict upon encountering a snake
going away deliberately? and how later, you were filled with the feeling
of guilt.
the questions that follow: 15. Imagine a conversation between the speaker
He drank enough and the snake. What might the snake say
And lifted his head, dreamily, as one who has about its perspective on the encounter at the
drunken, water-trough?
And flickered his tongue like a forked night on 16. I thought how paltry, how vulgar, what a mean
the air, so black, act!
Seeming to lick his lips,
I despised myself and the voices of my accursed
seeing, into the air, And looked around like a human education.
god
After hitting the snake with a stick, the
(A) What does the phrase ‘‘forked night poet regrets. He blames his dual attitude
on the air’’ suggest about the snake's and immoral behaviour on his education.
appearance? Write a letter to your friend defending the
(B) Explain ‘‘Flickered his tongue... the air.’’ aforementioned claims in light of people's
behaviour in general.
(C) Why has the poet compared the snake to
God? 17. ‘‘Man is the most selfish animal on this earth,
(D) Name the poetic device used in the who has not spared any other species to
extract. satisfy his greed.’’ Elaborate.
Snake 165
NCERT QUESTIONS
20. In stanzas 2 and 3, the poet gives a vivid
Short Qs 2 marks
description of the snake by using suggestive
Answer the following questions in 30-40 words: expressions. What picture of the snake do you
form on the basis of this description?
18. Snakes generate both horror and fascination.
Do you agree? Why? Why not? 21. The poet seems to be full of admiration and
respect for the snake. He almost regards him
19. Why does the poet decide to stand and wait
like a majestic God. Pick out at least four
till the snake has finished drinking? What
expressions from the poem that reflect these
does this tell you about the poet? (Notice that
emotions.
he uses ‘someone’ instead of ‘something’ for
the snake.) 22. ‘I have something to expiate’. Explain.

And I have something to expiate
Extract Based Qs 4 marks A pettiness
23. Read the extract given below and answer the (A) What chance has been missed by the
questions that follow: poet?
But must I confess how I liked him, (B) What does 'pettiness' refer to in the given
lines?
How glad I was he had come like a guest in
quiet, to drink at my water-trough (C) What does the word 'expiate' mean?
And depart peaceful, pacified, and thankless, (D) What is the feeling of the poet at this
time? [CBSE 2012]
Into the burning bowels of this earth?
(A) What can be inferred about the speaker's
attitude towards nature based on the Short Qs 2 marks
excerpt? Answer the following questions in 30-40 words:
(B) List the meaning of the phrase "burning
bowels of this earth". 26. Why did the poet regret throwing a log at the
(C) How is the snake's arrival and departure snake in the poem, ‘Snake’? [CBSE 2020]
symbolic? 27. Why did the poet wait for the snake to drink
(D) The speaker compares the snake to the first from the trough ? [CBSE 2020]
guest . Which word in the extract displays
the snake's non-guest like behaviour? 28. Describe D.H. Lawrence dual attitude towards
[CBSE SQP 2023] the snake. [CBSE 2024]
24. Read the extract given below and answer the 29. The poet refers to the snake as 'someone' not
questions that follow: 'it' Why does he do so? [CBSE 2012]
Was it cowardice, that I dared not kill him? 30. Why did the poet try to harm the snake?
Was it perversity, that I longed to talk to him? [CBSE 2012, 14, 15]
Was it humility, to feel so honoured?
(A) Who is the poet referring to as ‘him’? Long Qs 8 marks
(B) What are the poet’s feelings for ‘him’ in
these lines? Answer the following questions in about 150 words:
(C) The speaker is posing too many questions 31. Whenever we act against the voice of our
in the extract. To whom is he talking to conscience, the result is suffering. Explain
here? with reference to the poet's action against
(D) Why was the poet feeling honoured? the snake and its consequences. [CBSE 2017]
[Mod. CBSE 2019]
32. Keeping in mind the poem, 'Snake', write out
25. Read the extract given below and answer the a speech for the morning assembly on the
questions that follow: topic, 'Snakes - a beautiful creation of God,
And so, I missed my chance with one of the lords an object of our love and not hatred'.
Of life. [CBSE 2016]

PUSH YOURSELF
(B) State an inference that can be drawn

Extract Based Qs from the line “For he seemed to me again
like a king”. 1
(C) How does the line "And I wished he would
come back, my snake” contribute to the
Being earth-brown, earth-golden from the poet’s changing perspective on the
burning bowels of the earth snake? 1
On the day of Sicilian July, with Etna smoking. (D) In the given stanza, what are the ‘voices’
The voice of my education said to me symbolic of ? 1
He must be killed,
For in Sicily the black, black snakes are Short Qs
innocent, the gold are venomous.
(A) What is the significance of ‘Sicilian July’
3. The poet says “And as he put his head into
as mentioned by the poet? 1 that dreadful hole." Why does the speaker
(B) State an inference that can be drawn from find the hole 'dreadful'? 2
the line “The voice of my education said to 4. What does the poet wish to convey by
me, He must be killed”. 1 comparing the snake to a king? 2
(C) The poet has employed vivid imagery in
5. Bring out the irony in the poem. 2
the given lines. Comment.
Being earth-brown, earth-golden from the
Long Qs
burning bowels of the earth
On the day of Sicilian July, with Etna Answer the following questions in about 150
words:
smoking. 1
(D) What tone is conveyed in the phrase "The 6. Mrs. Packletide held too high an opinion of
herself and considered herself to be the one
voice of my education said to me, he must
born to have an edge over others. However,
be killed"? 1 she fell into the trap laid down by her own
vain plans and regretted it in the end. In a
similar way, the poet in the poem ‘Snake’
regrets that he missed the opportunity
I thought how paltry, how vulgar, what a mean to befriend the majestic snake. Taking
act! references from both, write a speech in
I despised myself and the voices of my accursed about 150 words on the topic “The Pitfalls of
human education. Pride and Regret.” 8
And I thought of the albatross 7. In the poem ‘Snake,' the poet wrestles
And I wished he would come back, my snake. with contradictory ideas influenced by his
For he seemed to me again like a king educational beliefs and social conventions.
(A) The poet compares his actions to that of Reflect on how education shapes our
the act committed by the ancient mariner. attitudes toward the natural world and
What does this suggest about the poet? how it can help or hinder our capacity to
1 recognize and co-exist with it. 8
Snake 167
1. (A) The poet felt a sense of appreciation for ease. This movement implies a certain
the snake and considered it as his guest. grace and agility in the snake's actions.
He was honoured initially that the snake (B) The word "exile" suggests that the snake is
had chosen his water - trough to quench its in a state of separation or isolation from its
thirst. natural habitat or surroundings.
(B) The poet felt honoured that the snake (C) As he saw the snake going away into the
chose to come to him and drink water at dark hole, he felt upset and horrible.
his water trough. The poet however, hears (D) To do something deliberately means to do
the voices in his head that continue to it intentionally. Therefore, he says the snake
jeer at him and say that had he not been had finished the purpose of its arrival, and
scared, he would have killed the snake. was therefore, making an exit consciously.
(C) The phrase that states that the poet had a
desire to talk to the snake is ‘’longed to talk 4. (A) The phrase "forked night on the air"
to him’’. suggests that the snake's tongue appears
like a forked shape, similar to the way night
(D) The line "Was it perversity, that I longed to
appears in the air.
talk to him?" can be considered a rhetorical
(B) The poet is suggesting that the effect
question because it does not necessarily
generated by the flashing of its forked
ask the readers or anybody else for a direct
tongue was akin to a swift streak of
response. The speaker is instead reflecting
lightning in the dark night sky (air).
on his own feelings and internal conflict.
(C) The attitude with which the snake licked its
2. (A) The word "pettiness" conveys a sense of lip and made a passing survey around him
regret and self-disapproval. made the snake look like God.
(B) By acknowledging the snake as one of the (D) The poetic device used here is simile, as
"lords of life," the poet is indeed promoting the poet compares the snake's tongue to a
a positive perspective toward all living forked night in the air.
things. The idea that some animals, like
5. The idea that "the black snakes are innocent,
snakes, are essentially dangerous or
the gold are venomous" reflects a social
negative is challenged.
convention that there are certain things
(C) The word "underworld" evokes ideas of in nature that deserve respect and certain
mystery and the unknown. It lends an air things that must be discarded based on their
of mystery to the snake's description by appearance. The conflicting thoughts that
hinting at an unseen realm. the speaker had refuted and the educational
system had taught him.
(D) The poetic device used in the line "And so, I
missed my chance with one of the lords of 6. At first, the poet felt conflicted about whether
life." is personification. to kill the snake or not. But when the snake
goes away, the poet wishes it would come
3. (A) The phrase "snake-easing his shoulders" back. He regrets that because of his foolish
suggests that the snake is moving with act, he had missed the chance to spend time

with the lord of life. This adds a sense of loss but the lessons I had learned made me fearful
or sadness. and uneasy.
7. The poet was captivated by the snake's The snake was about to leave, but in a fit of
presence. But the voice of knowledge tells him pique, I threw a log. I feel terrible now that
to throw a log at the snake. The poet feels I did not treat the snake with the respect it
regret and guilt when he sees the harmless deserved, and it left me with a heavy heart.
snake slithering in fear for its life.
I wish I had valued the snake's visit. The
8. The snake, after quenching its third, departs experience of today taught me how difficult it
into the black hole. The black hole may be is to strike a balance between one's personal
seen as a safe space wherein the snake feels beliefs and society’s expectations. It came like
protected. This can be seen as a human a guest but I didn’t treat it nicely and instead
tendency to be in a safe bubble. We as human intended to kill it. I hope it comes back again
beings may roam outside or meet new people, and I can treat it like a king.
but at the end of the day, we seek our safe
D.H. Lawrence
space for resting.
15. Snake: Hello human! I am happy that I could
9. The way the snake behaves after quenching
meet you.
its thirst suggests that it is at ease to its
surroundings. The snake appears to be Speaker: "Hello, Snake. Yes, it was quite
comfortable in its environment when it raises unexpected for both of us. What did you think
its head dreamily and flickers its tongue like a of it?"
forked night. This may suggest that the snake Snake : "It was an easy trip for me to reach the
sees the water-trough as a secure location. water. The cool water was alluring, and the
sun was scorching."ke:
10. The poet hated both himself and the voices
of his education for driving him to the point Speaker: "I understand. I didn't know what to
of trying to kill his "guest," the snake. The poet do and was terrified when I saw you."
carried out this inhumane act despite the Snake: "Fear is natural. Many people fear us.
snake having done him no harm. But I meant no harm, only to quench my thirst."
11. The poem depicts a conflict between social Speaker: "Even though I was afraid, I felt
conditioning and basic values. While the honored by your visit. Some said that I ought
narrator struggles with learned ideas that to have behaved differently."
encourage harm, the snake represents Snake: "People tend to be afraid of things they
pure, instinctive behaviour. This conflict don't understand. But thank you for deciding
demonstrates the struggle between true, not to hurt me.
instinctual desires and the impact of personal Speaker: "As you drank, what were your
decisions. thoughts?
12. The line "thrice a dream" from the poem Snake Snake: "Ah, the water was refreshing.
describes how a snake moves slowly and lazily. Speaker: I regret throwing the log. I wish I had
The poet describes the snake, seemingly in a shown more bravery.
dreamlike state and devoid of anxiety or hurry,
as it crawls back into its hole. Snake: It's okay. Bye human !
13. The snake faces hardships due to the heat 16. 12, Lawrence Road
underneath because it struggles to find relief South - Ex
from the scorching temperatures. The heat New Delhi
makes it uncomfortable, forcing the snake
to seek water and shelter to cool down and 12 January 20XX
survive. Dear Shilpa,
14. 9 January 20XX, Monday I hope this letter finds you well. Recently, I
came across a poignant poem where the poet
5.p.m. throws a stick at a snake and then expresses
Dear Diary, deep regret. He blames the influence of
Today, I came across a snake that had emerged his education, which filled him with a dual
from a gap in the garden wall while I was out attitude. He also reflects over the pettiness and
to fill a pitcher with water from my water vulgarity of his actions.
trough. I experienced a deep internal struggle In our society, we frequently see behaviours
when I saw the snake in front of me. At first, I that are influenced by societal expectations.
was grateful for the snake's silent presence, The poet's self-reflection illustrates the
Snake 169
universal conflict between ingrained prejudice water in the scorching heat. However, the poet,
and innate compassion. People frequently overcome by fear and horror, throws a log at
give in to peer pressure only to later see the the snake, causing it to retreat.
foolishness of their actions.
This action symbolizes human selfishness and
It serves as a reminder for each of us to cruelty towards nature. Instead of respecting
consider our actions carefully, and work toward and coexisting with other species, humans
developing a more compassionate perspective.
often harm and exploit them for their own
The poet's reflection is useful as it encourages
benefit. The poet's regret and longing for the
us to prioritise empathy over harsh judgement.
snake's return highlight the consequences of
Warm regards, human greed and lack of compassion.
Abc The poem serves as a reminder that humans
17. The poem "Snake" by D.H. Lawrence reflects should be more considerate and responsible
the idea that humans can be selfish towards towards other species, acknowledging their
other species. In the poem, the snake is right to exist and thrive without being harmed
portrayed as a majestic creature seeking or exploited for selfish motives.
NCERT QUESTIONS
18. Snakes generate both horror and fascination of the snake. It aids in giving us a clear image
because our reasoning often misleads us. We of the snake's colour, size, and motion. His
are fascinated by snakes as well, but because complexion was yellow-brown. He had a long
we are ignorant of the wonders of nature, body, soft belly, and straight gums.
we feel compelled to kill them despite their
21. The poet has a great deal of respect and
obvious beauty. It is said that human power
admiration for the snake. Like a guest who has
is inferior to that of nature. However, they
come to his water-trough to drink, he treats it
continue to arouse terror, which is merely a
result of the weak natural instincts. with respect. The snake comes to the trough
first so he stands and waits. He views it as "like
19. The snake came before the poet so he a god" and longs for the snake to return so he
chooses to stand and wait until the snake can crown it "like a king." As the snake retreats
has finished drinking. The poet is honoured back into its hole, he feels as though he has
that someone has come to his water trough. lost his "chance" with one of the lords.
This demonstrates the poet's appreciation of 22. Though his education has caused him to hit
nature and his belief that the snake is one of
the snake, the poet still feels regret for it and
nature's greatest creations.
wishes it would return so he could crown it like
20. D. H. Lawrence uses descriptive language in a king, but he loses the opportunity. He believes
stanzas two and three to paint a vivid picture that he must atone for this misconduct.

23. (A)
It can be inferred that the speaker (B) The poet experiences a range of emotions,
had complex relationship with nature, including fear, and a sense of honour.
experiencing both admiration and fear (C) The poet is asking these questions to
towards its power. himself.
(B) The meaning of the phrase "burning (D) The poet feels honoured because the
bowels of this earth" is depths of the earth snake, in a sense, accepts the poet's
where it is hot and dark. presence and hospitality.
(C) The snake's arrival and departure is
symbolic as it represents a fleeting
25. (A) The poet has missed the chance to honour
such a fascinating creature as a snake.
moment of connection with nature.
(B) 'Pettiness' in the given lines refers to
(D) The word in the extract which displays
the poet's small-mindedness or lack of
the snake's non-guest like behaviour is
understanding and empathy towards the
thankless.
snake.
24. (A) The poet is referring to the snake as 'him' in (C) The word 'expiate' means to make amends
these lines. for wrongdoing or to atone for a mistake.

(D) The feeling of the poet at this time is one When the snake comes to drink water, the poet
of regret and remorse. The poet recognizes initially feels fear and discomfort, leading him
the missed opportunity to appreciate and to throw a log at the snake. This action goes
respect the snake as a majestic creature.
against the voice of his conscience, which
26. The poet regrets throwing a log at the snake recognizes the snake's right to exist peacefully.
because he feels he missed out on creating
The consequence of the poet's action is
a memorable experience with the beautiful suffering, not just for the snake but also for the
creature. The poet also feels guilty and that poet himself. The poet experiences regret and
he should have given hospitality to the snake, remorse for harming the snake, realizing that
which is an uninvited guest. his fear-driven impulse was unjustified. This
internal conflict causes emotional suffering as
27. Being the second person to arrive, the poet
the poet grapples with the consequences of
chooses to stay upright and wait for the snake
his actions, feeling guilt and a sense of loss for
to have finished its drink. He could not go to
missing the chance to appreciate the beauty of
the trough until the snake had disappeared.
nature.
28. The poet certainly showed a dual attitude Thus, the poem illustrates that acting against
towards the snake who had come to his one's conscience leads to inner turmoil and
water-trough to quench his thirst. He was suffering.
informed by his 'voice of education' and
knowledge that the yellow-brown snake 32. Respected teachers and dear friends,
was poisonous and needed to be killed right Today, I'd like to discuss a species that is
away. However, he was also intrigued by his commonly misunderstood and feared: snakes.
presence, as his instincts told him. The poem "Snake" by D.H. Lawrence depicts
how the poet's initial anxiety and instinct to
29. The poet refers to the snake as 'someone' hurt a snake led to sorrow and realization. This
instead of 'it' to emphasize the snake's represents a prevalent misconception about
individuality and significance. By using snakes: they are to be disliked or feared.
'someone,' the poet humanizes the snake,
Snakes, like all other things, are God's
treating it as a sentient being with its own
magnificent creation. They play an important
identity, rather than just an object or creature. part in preserving nature's equilibrium. Snakes
30. The poet attempted to harm the snake since are only violent when provoked, and the
his education taught him that golden snakes majority of species are harmless to people.
in Sicily were deadly and that a genuine man Instead of hating snakes, we should learn
would kill it with a stick. Furthermore, he did to value and respect them. We may enjoy
not want to be called a coward. their distinctive adaptations, such as their
beautiful motions and captivating patterns.
31. In the poem "Snake" by D.H. Lawrence, the Understanding and appreciating snakes helps
poet's action against the snake reflects the contribute to preserving biodiversity and
conflict between conscience and impulse. promoting harmony in nature.
PUSH YOURSELF
Scan QR code to
Push Yourself
Snake 171
Introduction
 Stanley Houghton's play "The Dear Departed" surprise, Abel isn't actually dead. Themes of
transports us into the world of the Slater and greed, self-centeredness, and family dynamics
the Jordan family. The story unfolds as the are all explored in the humorous plot. The play
Slaters and Jordans get together to talk about explores the consequences of assumptions and
Abel Merryweather's passing, but to everyone's the complex nature of familial bonds.
Significant Morals
(1) In order to prevent needless disputes and confusion, it's critical that families communicate honestly and
openly.
(2) Assumptions can have far-reaching effects and result in misguided actions.
(3) It acts as a warning about the destructive nature of an excessive desire for material possessions.
Dictionary
Shabby In poor condition; unkempt. Dilapidated, worn-out, New, pristine
Gaudy Excessively bright or showy; in Flashy, garish Subtle, understated
bad taste.
Vigorous Having or showing great energy Strong, powerful Weak, feeble
or strength.
Quarrelled Argued angrily; had a Disputed, squabbled Agreed, concurred
disagreement.
Appealed Made a formal request to a court Petitioned, pleaded Rejected, dismissed

or higher authority.
Swindling Cheating someone out of money Defrauding, conning Honest, truthful
or property.
Reluctantly With hesitation. Grudgingly, unwillingly Eagerly, readily
Transfixed Held motionless as if spellbound. Mesmerized, hypnotized Uninterested, indifferent
Vindictive Wishing to hurt or punish Malicious, vengeful Forgiving, merciful
someone because they have
done something wrong.
Spectators People who watch something Observers, onlookers Participants, actors
happen, especially a public event.

(D) Identify the phrase that indicates that
Extract Based Qs 4 marks Mrs. Slater’s suggestion is practical and
sensible.
questions that follow: 3. Read the extract given below and answer the
MRS. SLATER: (sharply) Victoria, Victoria! D'ye questions that follow:
hear? Come in, will you? "They sneaked into your room like a thief in the
(MRS. SLATER closes the window and puts the night and stole them after you were dead."
blind straight and then returns to her work at (A) Whom are these words spoken to?
the table. VICTORIA, a precocious girl often, (B) Infer the reaction of Abel based on the
dressed in colours, enters.) given dialogues.
MRS. SLATER: I'm amazed at you, Victoria; I (C) What is the tone of the speaker in the
really am. How you can gallivanting about in given extract?
the street with your grandfather lying dead
(D) How did the family react when they
and cold upstairs, I don't know. Be off now, and
discovered that Abel was alive?
change your dress before your Aunt Elizabeth
and your Uncle Ben come. It would never do for 4. Read the extract given below and answer the
them to find you in colours. questions that follow:
(A) What can be inferred about the cultural ABEL: I'll tell you what I've got to do. On Monday
or social expectation regarding attire next I've got to do three things. I've got to go to
during a time of mourning? the lawyer's and alter my will; and I've got to
(B) List the meaning of the word "gallivanting" go to the insurance office and pay my premium;
to describe Victoria's behaviour. and I've got to go to St. Philip's Church and get
(C) Identify the tone of Mrs. Slater's dialogue married.
when she says, ‘‘I'm amazed at you, BEN and HENRY: What!
Victoria; I really am.’’ MRS. JORDAN : Get married!
(D) Mrs. Slater closes the window and puts MRS. SLATER : He's out of his senses. (General
the blind straight. What are her actions consternation.)
symbolic of ?
ABEL: I say I'm going to get married.
2. Read the extract given below and answer the MRS. SLATER : Who to?
questions that follow: ABEL: To Mrs. John Shorrocks who keeps the
MRS. SLATER: She's never been here since 'Ring-o' -Bells. We've had it fixed up a good while
grandfather bought it. If it was only down here now, but I was keeping it as a pleasant surprise.
instead of in his room, she'd never guess it (He rises.)I felt I was a bit of a burden to you, so I
wasn't our own. found someone who'd think it a pleasure to look
HENRY: (startled) Amelia! (He rises.) after me.
MRS. SLATER: Henry, why shouldn't we bring (A) How has the playwright portrayed
that bureau down here now? We could do it humour in the given extract?
before they come. (B) How do Ben and Henry's reactions
HENRY (stupefied): I wouldn't care to. contribute to the mood of the scene?
MRS. SLATER: Don't look so daft. Why not? (C) What does Abel's statement, ‘‘I felt I was a
HENRY: It doesn't seem delicate, somehow. bit of a burden to you, so I found someone
(A) What is the significance of Henry's who'd think it a pleasure to look after me,’’
stupefied reaction? What does his reveal about his intentions and feelings?
response reveal about his character and (D) State a synonym of pleasant in the word
his perspective on the situation? "pleasant surprise."
(B) When Henry says, ‘‘It doesn't seem
delicate, somehow,’’ what might he Short Qs 2 marks
mean by "delicate"?
(C) Mrs. Slater suggests bringing the bureau
down to deceive Elizabeth. How does this 5. Comment on the playwright’s writing style in
relate to the larger theme of the play? the story, “The Dear Departed”.
The Dear Departed 173

6. How effective is the use of the line, “Victoria,
Long Qs 8 marks
don't breathe a word to your aunt about the
clock and the bureau” on the declining family
values in modern society? 16. Abel Merryweather is very upset at his
daughter’s behaviour. He expresses his
7. In the play, “The Dear Departed” Mrs. Jordan feelings to a friend in a letter. Compose a
said, ‘We want a verse that says how much we letter as Abel to your friend, lamenting the
loved him and refers to all his good qualities loss of morals that are expected of children
as they grow up.
and says what a heavy loss we've had’. Explain
what she meant. 17. As Abel Merryweather decided to change his
will and get married, both the sisters Amelia
8. How has the playwright used irony to shed and Elizabeth are in deep grief and regret their
light on the characters' attitudes towards actions. Develop a conversation between
wealth and possessions? them as they confront the consequences
of their choices and the impact of societal
9. Discuss the significance of Abel putting on expectations on their relationship.
the slippers. What might this action symbol-
18. The play explores the theme of greed or
ise in the context of the play? rivalry within the family. Comment.
10. The character of Victoria is a stark contrast to 19. ‘‘The moral values are degraded in respect
that of her parents. Justify. and care within the members of the family
itself.’’ Explain this statement with reference
11. Highlight the instances of humour in the play to Mrs Slater and Mrs Jordan.
“The Dear Departed”.
20. Old people need to be treated with utmost
12. Evaluate the significance of Abel's decision care and love. Comment with reference to
the play.
to change his will and get married. How does
this decision impact the relationships and dy- 21. Even when the grandfather is dead, the
namics within the family? family instead of displaying true grief, are
busy demeaning each other. This shows the
13. Who is Victoria? What is her role in the play? tendency of modern families in today's time.
Comment with reference to the play.
14. Who is Jimmy? Why is his reference made in
the play? 22. Create a conversation between Mrs. Slater
and Victoria, where they discuss their feelings
15. Who is Ben? What is he most worried about? about the revelations regarding Grandfather.
NCERT QUESTIONS
24. How does Mrs. Slater plan to outshine the
Jordans? What does it reveal about her
“don’t call that delicate, stepping into a dead
character?
man’s shoes in such haste.”
25. What does Mrs. Jordan describe as ‘a fatal
(A) Who makes this comment? mistake’? What is the irony in the comment
(B) What prompts the speaker to say this? she makes on Mrs. Slater’s defence?
(C) Bring out the significance of this 26. How does the spat between his daughters
statement. lead to grandfather discovering the truth?

27. Read the given extract and answer the Answer the following questions in 30-40 words:
Mrs. Jordan: No, that'll never do. We want a 30. Greed and deception govern the lives of
verse that says how much we loved him and
the Slaters and the Jordans. Do you agree?
refers to all his good qualities and says what a
heavy loss we've had. Support your answer giving reasons on the
Mrs. Slater: You want a whole poem. That'll basis of the play, ‘The Dear Departed’.
cost a good lot.
[CBSE 2019]
Mrs. Jordan: Well, we'll think about it after
tea, and then we'll look through his bits of 31. In the play, ‘Dear Departed’, grandfather
things and make a list of them. There's all the
made certain changes in his will. Why did he
furniture in his room
do that? [CBSE 2020]
(A) What does Mrs. Jordan want?
(B) Mrs. Slater does not want a whole poem 32. What is Stanley Houghton's primary purpose
to be published, Why? in employing irony in the play 'The Dear
(C) "You want a whole poem. That'll cost a Departed'? [CBSE SQP 2023]
good lot." Mention one characteristic trait
of Mrs. Slater through this line. 33. Why was black the dress code for the day?
(D) Which is more important for these [CBSE 2013]
speakers - mourning on their father's
death or distributing his property 34. Describe your impression of both the sisters,
between them? [CBSE 2024]
Mrs. Slater and Mrs. Jordan. [CBSE 2016]
28. Read the given extract and answer the
questions that follow: 35. In what way is the play "The Dear Departed'
Chut! Be quiet! It's ours now. Come Henry, lift satirical? Comment on the nature of its
your end. Victoria, don't breathe a word to your characters. [CBSE 2012]
aunt about the clock and the bureau.
(A) The idiom 'not breathe a word' used here Long Qs 8 marks
means ...............
(B) What is the item being referred to in the Answer the following questions in about 150 words:
above extract when the speaker says ‘‘it's
ours now’’? 36. Even though both, the frog from Vikram
(C) What is the intention of the speaker in Seth’s poem, 'The Frog and the Nightingale'
asking the listener to be quiet'? and Abel 's children from the play, 'The Dear
(D) Why does the speaker tell Henry to ‘‘lift Departed', display greed, there are differences.
your end’’? [CBSE 2012] Elaborate, in about 150 words, how the greed
29. Read the given extract and answer the of the frog and that of Abel's children differ
questions that follow: in motivation, actions, relationship, and
That was a near thing. Open the door, Victoria. consequences. [CBSE SQP 2023]
Now, Henry, get your coat on.
(A) In the extract, 'a near thing' means 37. ‘‘Materialism makes way for shaky
......................... relationships." Do you agree with the
(B) Why was Henry asked to wear his coat? statement? Explain with reference to the play
(C) What was the reason for the visitors "The Dear Departed', highlighting the values
coming to their house for whom Victoria required of the two sisters. [CBSE 2016, 14]
was asked to open the door?
OR
[CBSE 2013]
Å
(D) What had been happening just before For Mrs. Slater and Mrs. Jordan, greed for
the speaker said the words given in the money is more important than their love for
extract? their father. Comment. [CBSE 2019]
Å
Same answer, different question style

PUSH YOURSELF
(A) State one reason why Ben feels relieved
Extract Based Qs that the grandfather paid his insurance
1. Read the extract given below and answer before dying? 1
the questions that follow: (B) Ben appreciates the grandfather saying

BEN: (chirpily) Now, Amelia, you mustn't give ‘it’s a good thing he did’ but later he calls
way. We've all got to die some time or other. It him a ‘drunken old beggar’. Why does this
might have been worse. change in his opinion about grandfather?
MRS. SLATER: I don't see how. 1
BEN: It might have been one of us. (C) What is Stanley Houghton's primary
HENRY: It's taken you a long time to get here, purpose in employing irony in the line
Elizabeth. “He was too honourable to have 'gone'
MRS. JORDAN: Oh, I couldn't do it. I really without paying his premium”? 1
couldn't do it.
MRS. SLATER: (suspiciously) Couldn't do what? (D) How does the use of humour impact the
overall mood and atmosphere of the
MRS. JORDAN: I couldn't start without getting
the mourning. (Glancing at her sister.) scene? 1
MRS. SLATER: We've ordered ours, you may be
sure. (Acidly) I never could fancy buying ready- Short Qs
made things.
(A) Explore the significance of Mrs. Jordan's
statement, "I couldn't start without getting 3. After getting news about their father’s
the mourning." What does this reveal death, The Jordans reached late because
about her character? 1 Elizabeth was not ready to reach without
being prepared with her clothes for the
(B) How might the characters' attitudes
mourning, for she didn’t want to appear
towards death and mourning contribute
less prepared than her sister. What does the
to broader themes in the story? 1
writer wish to convey from the two sisters’
(C) How does this line, "It might have been attitude towards each other? 2
one of us," contribute to the mood or
atmosphere of the scene? 1 4. Amelia represents a selfish and materialistic
woman who represents the degradation of
(D) Explore the irony in Mrs. Slater's suspicion moral values in the society. Henry, on the
towards Mrs. Jordan's statement. How other hand, was dominated and exploited
does the irony contribute to the humour
or complexity of the scene? 1 by his wife. Comment. 2
5. When Mrs. Jordan said, “I may be wrong, but
2. Read the extract given below and answer I don't think father will fancy living on with you
the questions that follow: after what's happened today.” Explain what
HENRY: That's when they've been drowned. she meant. 2
Your father wasn't drowned, Elizabeth.
BEN: (humorously) There wasn't much fear of
that. If there was one thing he couldn't bear, it Long Qs
was water. (He laughs, but no else does.) Answer the following questions in about 150
MRS. JORDAN (pained): BEN! (BEN is crushed at words:
once.)
MRS. SLATER (piqued): I'm sure he washed 6. Imagine you are Victoria. Write a diary
regular enough. entry reflecting on your initial confusion and
MRS. JORDAN: If he did take a drop too much fear when you believed your grandfather
at times, we'll not dwell on that, now. had passed away and the emotional
rollercoaster of discovering he was alive. 8
MRS. SLATER: Father had been 'merry' this
morning. He went out soon after breakfast to 7. Write an article combining elements from
pay his insurance. both stories ‘Mrs. Packeltide’s Tiger’ and ‘The
BEN: My word, it’s a good thing he did Dear Departed’. In your article, explore the
MRS. JORDAN: He always was thoughtful common threads of materialism, deception,
in that way. He was too honourable to have and social commentary as depicted in both
'gone' without paying his premium. the stories. 8

1. (A) Wearing black is the traditional attire for 3. (A) These words are spoken to Abel.
those in mourning. It serves as a symbol of (B) Abel noticed that everyone was wearing a
mourning and respect for the person who mourning dress. He asked who was dead
died. and laughed as he asked if someone in the
family had died.
(B) In the context of this sentence, "gallivanting"
(C) The tone of the speaker in the given extract
refers to wandering or moving around in a is accusatory or blaming. The use of words
carefree manner. like "sneaked" and "stole" implies a sense of
(C) Mrs. Slater uses the word "amazed" wrongdoing or deception.
to reflect her disbelief or shock at the (D) Everyone was surprised because they
inappropriate actions of her daughter, thought he was dead.
expressing her sense of surprise and 4. (A) The playwright has portrayed humor
disappointment in Victoria's behaviour. through the unexpected and outrageous
announcement made by Abel about
(D) Mrs. Slater's actions demonstrate her
his plans to get married. The reactions
concern for her privacy, particularly in light of disbelief and surprise from the other
of the fact that the grandfather passed characters add to the comedic effect of the
away. Her behaviour suggests that she scene.
wants everyone to see how the news (B)
Ben and Henry's shocked reactions
affects the entire family. contribute to the mood of astonishment
and confusion in the scene.
2. (A) Henry's hesitation might be a result of (C) His intention to find someone who would
his regard for Abel because the bureau take pleasure in looking after him shows
was Abel's. Henry might think it's rude or his desire to relieve his family of any
disrespectful to move it. responsibilities they may feel towards him.
(D) A synonym of "pleasant" in the phrase
(B) Henry uses the phrase "it doesn't seem
"pleasant surprise" could be "delightful".
delicate, somehow," and the meaning of
delicate in this context is sensitive. He 5. Throughout the play, Houghton uses a satirical
makes an effort to clarify that things are and humorous tone. The absurdity of the plot
with characters misbelieving the grandfather
not as delicate as they seem and that you
is dead and their exaggerated responses to his
can move forward. supposed death are what make it funny. The
(C) The family's lack of genuine grief is playwright mocks the characters' materialism
demonstrated by Mrs. Slater's focus on and self-centeredness by using wit and irony.
the bureau and her readiness to deceive 6. Amelia's order to Victoria highlights a family
Elizabeth. The material possessions and culture that values individualism and places an
potential inheritance take precedence over importance on self-interest over the welfare
mourning the loss of the grandfather. of the whole. This shows a shift towards
more individualistic attitudes, in contrast to
(D) The phrase, “Don't look so daft” indicates traditional family values that emphasise the
that Mrs. Slater’s suggestion is practical value of cooperating and supporting one
and sensible. another.

7. Mrs. Jordan hopes to demonstrate to the world 15. Ben is the husband of Mrs. Jordan and a
how much they all loved him. The irony is that, slightly humorous man by nature. He is
deep down, they don't care about any of his more money-minded than Henry. He is more
positive traits or have love for him and are only focused on money than Henry is. Finding the
focused on his inheritance. receipt for the payment his grandfather had
paid at the insurance agency is what worries
8. There are special things, like a clock and a
bureau, that represent the grandfather's him throughout the play. And when he does
belongings. The characters try to keep these not get it, he calls Grandpa a 'drunken old
things a secret from each other, thinking they beggar'.
can keep it all to themselves. It's ironic because
16. 13-B Street No. 25,
they care more about materialistic things than
about the grandfather’s feelings. St. Peter’s Road
London
9. By putting on the slippers, Abel may
symbolically reclaim his identity and agency. 16 December 20XX
His presence and belongings are momentarily 287 Park Avenue,
taken away from him by the family members, New York
who assume he is dead. Putting on the slippers Dear Friend,
becomes a subtle act of reclaiming his rightful
place in the family dynamics. I hope this letter finds you well. I feel bound
to express my sincere worries regarding the
10. Victoria is the only family member who isn't actions of my daughter Amelia and her family.
interested in the inheritance. She is the only I must voice my dismay at what appears to be
one who is willing to act honourably and who the fading away of the values I held precious.
does not intend to deceive or lie in order to
benefit herself. The other characters' greed It is depressing to see how little our kids value
and selfishness stand in stark contrast to her morality in this day and age. Amelia and her
honesty and integrity. family members showed an astonishing lack
of integrity and decency in the recent events.
11. The suggestion of wearing the deceased Rather than genuinely lamenting my asserted
grandfather's new slippers, despite the obvious departure, they plotted and fought over
size difference, adds a humorous touch. material belongings, disregarding the value of
Additionally, the sisters' argument over the familial ties.
grandfather's belongings—particularly the
gold watch—adds a humorous touch. A comic Their real intentions are highlighted by the
twist is also created when the grandfather, secrecy surrounding the bureau and clock.
who is supposed to be dead, enters the room Seeing the younger generation show such a
while dressed in a dressing gown. lack of moral values hurts me so much. I long
12. Abel's choice of changing the will reveals the to go back to a period of time when values
characters' true selves and their self-serving such as empathy, honesty, and familial bonds
and materialistic motivations. The satirical were highly valued.
nature of the play is highlighted by the family's Yours sincerely,
responses to the possibility of losing the
Abel Merryweather
inheritance, which exposes their priorities and
values. 17. Amelia: Elizabeth, I can't believe our actions
led to this. It feels like a nightmare as our father
13. Mr. and Mrs. Slater have a charming, ten-
year-old daughter named Victoria. She is the is getting married and changing his will.
only family member that cares about her
Elizabeth: It's time for us to consider the
grandfather and is saddened that he is no consequences, Amelia. The family has been
longer alive. She disapproves of her mother's shattered by our rivalry and greed.
rush and cleverness in obtaining the clock and
Grandpa's bureau.
Amelia: We put material possessions like the
bureau and the clock above our relationships.
14. Jimmy is introduced to the readers as the Father wants to change his will now. I wish we
son of Mr. and Mrs. Jordan and the grandson hadn't assumed that he had died and showed
of Mr. Abel Merryweather. Mrs. Jordan tell more love towards him.
Mrs. Slater that after tea, they'll look through
grandfather's bits of things and make a list of
Elizabeth: The expectations society placed
them. She further tells Henry that grandfather on wealth and inheritance made us blind. Our
had an expensive gold watch that he had family and the love we ought to have for each
promised to Jimmy and was very fond of him. other are the things that really count.

Amelia: Victoria saw right through our of Grandfather Merryweather reveals the
behaviour, and we are now suffering because actual nature of the family, revealing their self-
of Father's choices. We are partly to blame for centered and materialistic goals. In their rush to
this mess. get Grandfather's possessions, Mrs. Jordan and

Elizabeth: It's time to make amends. Let's put Mrs. Slater fail to recognize the sentimental
our disagreements aside, patch things up, and value of his presence. In contrast, Victoria's
concentrate on restoring what we've lost. genuine concern for her grandfather's well-
being reflects the play's message of valuing
18. "The Dear Departed" offers a humorous yet elders.
perceptive look into how material desires can
strain relationships as it vividly explores the Through humorous and poignant moments,
theme of greed and rivalry within a family. The "The Dear Departed" reminds us of the wisdom
play centres on the rivalry between the two and experience that older individuals possess.
sisters, Elizabeth and Amelia, over their father's It advocates for treating them with kindness,
possessions, which serves as an example of the understanding, and love, emphasizing the need
theme of greed. to cherish their presence and contributions
The sisters fight over their father's gold within the family.
watch, highlighting their materialistic needs
and their willingness to go to great lengths 21. In "The Dear Departed," the family's actions
to acquire items they find valuable. Before following Grandfather Merryweather's
announcing the grandfather's passing, the supposed death is shown in a way that
family wears mourning clothes, underscoring is typical of modern families. The family
the ridiculousness of their behaviour and their members are more concerned with
eagerness to claim the inheritance. materialistic belongings and criticizing one
The rivalry is heightened by Abel's decision to another than with expressing true sadness and
change his will, exposing the family members' harmony in the face of loss.
self-serving intentions as they aim to seek The play highlights how contemporary families
their share of the fortune. The play challenges have a tendency to put personal conflict
conventional expectations of family members
and monetary gains ahead of emotional
inheriting wealth, and illustrates how the
ties and help from one another in difficult
pursuit of material gain may break family ties.
circumstances. This issue is emphasized by
19. In the drama "The Dear Departed," the author Mrs. Jordan and Mrs. Slater's arguments
attempted to show a very depressing aspect of about inheritance and domestic goods and
life: the gradual but continuous decline of the their disregard for Grandfather's welfare. The
unit known as "family," together with all of its crumbling of traditional values and the rise
fundamental qualities. of self-centered attitudes are highlighted by

The narrative begins with the announcement the absence of empathy and understanding
of Mr. Abel's death. This episode is followed by among family members.
the sisters' deception and selfishness toward Through its satirical tone and character
one other and their father. Mrs. Slater and
interactions, "The Dear Departed" serves
Mrs. Jordan, appear to be always at odds with
as a commentary on contemporary family
one another. Victoria, Mrs. Slater daughter is
embarrassed with their deceptive behaviour. dynamics, urging audiences to reflect on the
These people, together with their husbands, importance of genuine care, empathy, and
systematically destroy moral virtues such unity within families despite differences and
as love and respect for elders, sadness and disagreements.
compassion for the deceased, and promote
22. Mrs. Slater: Victoria, did you ever imagine
selfish tendencies such as materialism,
cheating, fraud, disdain for elders, and thievery. Grandfather Merryweather playing such a
prank on us?
20. In the drama "The Dear Departed," the idea Victoria: No !!! I thought he was really gone.

of treating elderly people with love and
Mrs. Slater: I know, dear. We all believed it. But

care is emphasized a lot. Grandfather Abel
Merryweather serves as a metaphor for the now that he's alive, I feel a mix of relief and
elderly and their importance in the family. anger.
The family members' responses, in spite of Victoria: I understand. It was a strange way to

his supposed death, reveal much about their make a point about family values.
feelings for him. Mrs. Slater: Indeed. It's made me think about

The drama emphasizes how crucial it is to how we've been treating each other lately.
honor and take care of the elderly. The "death" Maybe it's time for some changes.

Victoria: I agree. We shouldn't let Victoria: I'm glad Grandfather's okay, and I

misunderstandings and arguments overshadow hope we can all learn from this.
our love for each other.
Mrs. Slater: Let's use this experience to strengthen Mrs. Slater: Me too, dear. Let's make the most

our bonds and cherish our time together. of our family and always show care and love.
NCERT QUESTIONS
23. (A) Mrs Jordan makes this comment. doctor while grandfather was lying with his
(B) She makes this claim because Henry had eyes closed. She called this as 'professional
begun wearing the grandfather's slippers etiquette’. But Mrs. Jordan is a hypocrite
prior to his official death. because, while criticising Mrs. Slater for failing
(C) The statement exposes the petty nature to call the doctor, she was unable to arrive in
of all the characters. Each of them time for the serious event.
is attempting to portray the others
26. While the two sisters are arguing over their
negatively.
respective shares, Mrs. Slater reveals to the
24. Mrs. Slater has her doubts regarding her grandfather that her husband was the one
sister's and her husband Ben's presence at wearing his slippers and Mrs. Jordan reveals
their father's funeral. In addition, Mrs. Slater that the Slaters had carried his bureau
searches for the grandfather's insurance downstairs. Mrs. Slater also admits to him
premium out of concern. She also removes the that she was the one who announced his
grandfather's bureau from his chamber. She death. When Grandfather learns of all this, he
made an effort to acquire every possession her
is astounded. The fact that his daughters want
father owned before her sister arrived. She is a
vicious and conceited individual. him dead bothers him. He knows his daughters
don't care for him. All they want is his wealth.
25. By "fatal mistake," Mrs. Jordan was referring He is just a burden to them, and they want him
to Slater's failure to consult with another gone from their lives as soon as possible.

27. (A) Mrs. Jordan wants a verse that expresses sister arrives, allowing Mrs. Slater to claim
how much they loved their father, refers ownership of the bureau.
to his good qualities, and emphasizes the
heavy loss they have experienced. 29. (A) that they have just managed to settle
(B) Mrs. Slater does not want a whole poem everything before Mr. and Mrs. Jordan
to be published because it would cost a enter.
significant amount of money. (B) Mrs. Slater wanted her husband, Henry, to
(C) Through the line "You want a whole poem. wear his coat so that the visitors, Mr. and
That'll cost a good lot," one characteristic Mrs. Jordan, would think that he was ready
trait of Mrs. Slater is her practical and cost- and waiting for them.
conscious nature. (C) Mr. Slater informed the Jordan family that
(D) For these speakers, distributing their Mrs. Jordan's father had 'dead'.
father's property between them seems (D) Just before this, Mr. and Mrs. Slater had
to be more important than mourning his moved grandfather's bureau to their room,
death, as they are focused on making a list allowing them to pretend it was their own.
of his belongings and discussing the cost
of a poem rather than expressing genuine
30. Yes, I agree that the Jordans' and Slaters'
lives are ruled by deceit and greed. The
grief or remembrance.
grandfather's belongings, including the
28. (A) to not reveal something. bureau and the clock, are the subject of
intense competition between the characters,
(B) The item being referred to is grandfather's particularly Elizabeth Jordan and Amelia
clock. Slater. This demonstrates their preference for
(C) The intention of the speaker is to ensure material wealth over family bonds.
that her sister does not come to know that
she and her husband have taken away
31. Grandfather witnesses the deceptive actions
and greed displayed by his daughters and their
grandfather's bureau and clock.
families in the aftermath of the false news of
(D) Mrs. Slater requests that her husband, his death. He is troubled by the rivalry for his
Henry, remove one end of her father's belongings and the absence of true mourning.
bureau and move it to her room before her After seeing the results of the family's

behaviour, Abel concludes that something has other hand, Abel's children are driven by their
to change. desire for material possessions and inheritance,
planning to acquire their father's belongings
32. Stanley Houghton's primary purpose in through deception.
employing irony in The Dear Departed is to
satirize the societal values and behaviours
While the frog and the nightingale have
of his time, particularly the greed and a business relationship, Abel's children
materialism of the middle class and to criticize have a familial bond with their father. The
the materialistic and self-centred attitudes consequences of the frog's greed result in the
that were prevalent in his time. nightingale's demise, while Abel's children's
greed leads to a family dispute and moral
33. The Slater family assumed that the dilemma. Thus, although both demonstrate
grandfather had died, thus the dress code for greed, the frog's and Abel's children's
the day was black. Wearing black is a social motivations, actions, relationships, and
and religious custom at times of sorrow or outcomes highlight distinct facets of this trait.
grief. So everyone in the family had to wear
black. 37. In the play "The Dear Departed," the theme
of materialism leading to fragile relationships
34. Both sisters were completely materialistic and is evident through the contrasting values
heartless, since they did not even pay respects displayed by the two sisters, Mrs. Jordan
to their allegedly deceased father and were and Mrs. Slater. Mrs. Jordan values material
more concerned with splitting his fortune possessions and is primarily concerned about
amongst themselves. They were selfish and inheriting her father's belongings, including
greedy, with no empathy or sympathy. the clock and the bureau. On the other hand,
Mrs. Slater values familial relationships and
35. The play is a satire on the deteriorating morals expresses genuine concern for her father's
of modern society. Abel had not yet been well-being and legacy.
buried before his daughters began arguing over
his property. They believed he was a burden to
Mrs. Jordan's focus on material wealth and
them. Children today don't care about their possessions causes dishonesty within the
parents and are more preoccupied with their family, as seen when she instructs Victoria
inheritance and other monetary benefits. not to disclose the truth about the clock and
bureau to their aunt.
36. The frog from "The Frog and the Nightingale" When Abel Merryweather declares that he
and Abel's children from "The Dear Departed" will leave all his belongings to the person with
both exhibit greed, but their motivations, whom he will spend the last days of his life,
actions, relationships, and consequences both the daughters compete with each other
differ. The frog's greed stems from a desire to keep the old man with them, whereas earlier
for personal gain and success, exploiting the neither was interested in having the father at
nightingale's talent for his own benefit. On the their home.
PUSH YOURSELF
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Push Yourself

Introduction
 William Shakespeare's "Julius Caesar" is a classic Julius Caesar and is set against the backdrop
examination of betrayal, power, and the fallout of ancient Rome. As the narrative progresses,
from political conspiracy. The play explores the it addresses issues of honour, loyalty, and the
senators' conspiracy against the powerful leader complexity of human nature.
Significant Morals
(1) Ethical considerations in decision-making are crucial for the well-being of a society.
(2) Even the most powerful people on earth have to face death one day.
(3) Even our close ones can betray us to attain power and wealth.
(4) Dreams, how irrelevant they may sound, hold a deeper meaning.
Dictionary
Pitiful Evoking or deserving pity miserable, lamentable admirable,

commendable
Valiant Courageous; heroically bold. brave, daring coward, fearful
Imminent About to happen; impending. forthcoming, approaching distant, remote
Expounded Explained in detail; elaborated clarified, elucidated obscured, obfuscated

upon.
Repeal Formally revoke or annul a law or cancel, abolish enact, establish

regulation.
Disposing Getting rid of; dealing with discarding, eliminating keeping, retaining
something.
Shriek A loud, high-pitched scream. screech, yelp whisper, murmur
Neigh The characteristic call of a horse. whinny, nicker bray, moo
Conquest The act of winning control or victory, triumph defeat, overthrow

possession of something by force.

(C) How does Antony's farewell to Caesar
Extract Based Qs 4 marks suggest the depth of their friendship?
1. Read the extract given below and answer (D) How does Antony represent the sad
demise of a once-strong and honourable
leader using the image of Caesar lying "so
CALPURNIA: Caesar, I never stood on low on the ground"?
ceremonies,
Yet now they fright me. There is one within,
Besides the things that we have heard and
"CAESAR: How foolish your fears seem now,
seen, Calpurnia? I am ashamed I did yield to them.
Recounts most horrid sights seen by the watch. Give me my robe, for I will go,"
A lioness hath whelped in the streets; (A) What does Caesar do after saying the
And graves have yawn'd, and yielded up their above dialogues?
dead; (B) Explain the meaning of the word 'robe'.
Fierce fiery warriors fought upon the clouds, (C) Identify the tone of Caesar in the given
extract.
In ranks and squadrons and right form of war,
(D) What role do Calpurnia's fears play in
Which drizzled blood upon the Capitol; shaping the audience's perception of
The noise of battle hurtled in the air, Caesar's character?
(A) How has Shakespeare used visual 4. Read the extract given below and answer
imagery to explain Calpurnia’s worry? the questions that follow:
(B) Identify the tone of Calpurnia’s I could be well moved, if I were as you: If I could
statement when she says, “And graves pray to move, prayers would move me: But I
have yawn'd, and yielded up their dead;”. am constant as the Northern Star, Of whose
true-fix'd and resting quality. There is no fellow
(C) What is the significance of the horrifying
in the firmament.
sights seen by Calpurnia in her dreams?
(A) In what way does the speaker's
(D) What role does Calpurnia's account of comparison to the Northern Star
the nightmare play in the tension and emphasize the idea of unchanging nature
foreshadowing that influence the entire and reliability?
plot? (B) Which word in the extract is an antonym
of 'variable'?
(C) Where was the speaker when he said
these words?
ANTONY: O mighty Caesar! dost thou lie so (D) What was the ultimate outcome of
low? Caesar's refusal?
Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs, spoils,
Shrunk to this little measure? Fare thee well. Short Qs 2 marks
I know not, gentlemen, what you intend, Answer the following questions in about 30-40 words:
Who else must be let blood, who else is rank:
5. How is the betrayal of Caesar by those he
If I myself, there is no hour so fit considered friends a commentary on the
As Caesar's death hour, nor no instrument fragility of loyalty in the face of political
Of half that worth as those your swords, made ambitions?
rich 6. What is the playwright's primary purpose in
employing irony in the play?
With the most noble blood of all this world.
(A) List the meaning of the line “Of half that 7. In the play, When Caesar says "Nor heaven
worth as those your swords, made rich”. nor earth have been at peace to-night" explain
what he meant.
(B) Identify the phrase that indicates that
Antony regarded Caesar as the most 8. What does the playwright wish to convey
noble man in the world. through the given lines:
Julius Caesar 183

Cowards die many times before their deaths; the turmoil in your heart as you grapple with
The valiant never taste of death but once. the haunting nightmares.
9. Considering the events that take place there, 15. Imagine you are Cassius and you make the
point out the irony in Caesar's choice to visit decision to persuade Brutus to join the plot
the Senate House. by sending him a private letter. Examine
your mistrust and concerns about Caesar's
10. Was Brutus noble in his intention to increasing authority in your letter. Write a
assassinate Caesar? Justify. letter to Brutus.
11. The word 'Aside' has been used frequently in 16. Caesar, I never stood on ceremonies, Yet now
the play. What is meant by it? they fright me. There is one within, Besides the
things that we have heard and seen, Recounts
12. Bring out the irony in 'Good countrymen Let most horrid sights seen by the watch.
me depart alone. And, for my sake, stay here
with Antony.''
After reading the play and analysing
Calpurnia's character, you realise that many
13. What contributions can we as individuals people fall in the trap of superstitions. Write
make towards maintaining peace in a state? an article whether or not believing in such
Answer with reference to the repercussions things is a trait of an intellectual person.
that followed Caesar's death.
17. Write a character sketch of Calipurnia.
Long Qs 8 marks 18. With reference to the play, write a character

sketch of Mark Antony.
19. Write a short account of Caesar's character.
14. Put yourself in the shoes of Calpurnia,
Caesar's wife, on the night before the 20. Explain the scene at the place before Brutus
assassination. Write a diary entry expressing arrived.
NCERT QUESTIONS
23. Why is Decius more successful than Calpurnia
Short Qs 2 marks in persuading Caesar?
24. Why does Cassius object to allowing Antony
21. Why does Calpurnia say ‘Caesar’s wisdom to speak at Caesar’s funeral? How does
is consumed in confidence’? What does she Brutus overcome this objection?
mean?
22. What are the arguments put forward by 25. What are the conditions imposed by the
Decius Brutus to convince Caesar to go to the conspirators before allowing Antony to speak
Capitol? at Caesar’s funeral?

Through this the well-beloved Brutus stabb'd;
And as he pluck'd his cursed steel away,
26. Read the extract given below and answer the (A) How does Antony use visual imagery to
questions that follow: make his point about the assassination
ANTONY: If you have tears, prepare to shed of Caesar?
them now. (B) What is the significance of the mantle
You all do know this mantle : I remember that Antony refers to, in his speech?
The first time ever Caesar put it on; (C) Identify the tone of Antony's statement
when he says, "If you have tears, prepare
'Twas on a summer's evening, in his tent,
to shed them now".
That day he overcame the Nervii :
(D) What does Antony's reference to the
Look, in this place ran Cassius' dagger through: Nervii suggest about Caesar's military
See what a rent the envious Casca made: prowess? [CBSE SQP 2023]

27. Read the extract given below and answer the (C) Where did Caeser want to go?
questions that follow: (D) What does the word 'yield' mean?
How foolish do your fears seem now, Calpurnia! [CBSE 2020]
I am ashamed I did yield to them.
Give me my robe, for I will go. Short Qs 2 marks
(A) Where did Caesar decide to go? Answer the following questions in 30-40 words:
(B) What does the word 'them' in the extract
signify? 31. “Et tu Brute” These were the last words of
Julius Caesar. Elucidate with reference to the
(C) Why was Calpurnia afraid?
drama 'Julius Caesar'. Why did Caesar say
(D) What prompted Caesar to go where he these words before his death? [CBSE 2024]
wanted to go? [CBSE 2015]
32. What opinion do you form of Calpurnia from
the play ‘Julius Caesar’? [CBSE 2019]
Good countrymen, let me depart alone, 33. What did Julius Caesar believe about death?
And, for my sake, stay here with Antony: [CBSE 2019]
(A) Identify the speaker and the occasion of
the above lines.
34. What is ironical about Caesar's murder in
relation to the preceding events? [CBSE 2014]
(B) Which word in the extract means the
same as 'leave'? 35. What did Caesar leave for the Romans in his
(C) Why did the speaker not stay to hear will? [CBSE 2015]
Antony's speech?
(D) What did Antony actually do after 36. How did nature foretell Caesar's death?
Brutus left? [CBSE 2014] [CBSE 2014]
29. Read the extract given below and answer the 37. What arguments did Antony put forward
questions that follow: to refute the charge that Caesar was an
The noble Brutus Hath told you Caesar was ambitious man? [CBSE 2017]
ambitious: If it were so, it was a grievous fault,
And grievously hath Caesar answer'd it. 38. How was Caesar's murder avenged?
[CBSE 2017]
(A) Who is the speaker? Who does 'you' refer
to?
(B) What does the word 'grievous' in the Long Qs 8 marks
extract mean?
(C) How was Caesar punished for being
'ambitious'? 39. Do you agree that the assassination of Julius
(D) What happened after the speech of this Caeser was a deliberate move to satisfy the
speaker was over? [CBSE 2014] ambitions and aspirations of a few? Justify.
[CBSE 2019]
questions that follow: 40. Now let it work. Mischief thou art afoot, Take thou
what course thou wilt! Antony seeks justice
How foolish do your fears seem now, Calpurnia!
by getting the crowd to kill the conspirators.
I am ashamed I did yield to them.
But to correct a wrong, one cannot commit
Give me my robe, for I will go. another wrong. Write a speech for the school
(A) What were Calpurnia's fears? assembly on 'The Ends do not Justify the
(B) Why did they seem foolish to Caeser? Means'. [CBSE 2014]
PUSH YOURSELF
Thou art the ruins of the noblest man

Extract Based Qs
That ever lived in the tide of times.
1. Read the extract given below and answer Woe to the hand that shed this costly blood!
Over thy wounds now do I prophesy, --
ANTONY: O, pardon me, thou bleeding piece of
earth, Which, like dumb mouths, do ope their ruby
That I am meek and gentle with these butchers! lips,
Julius Caesar 185

To beg the voice and utterance of my tongue-- (B) What might Shakespeare be conveying
A curse shall light upon the limbs of men; about human nature through Caesar's
Domestic fury and fierce civil strife words? 1
Shall cumber all the parts of Italy; (C) What effect does his acknowledgment
that death is inevitable have on the
(A) How might these vows foreshadow
scene's atmosphere? 1
future events in the story, and what
impact could they have on the unfolding (D) Reflect on the genre of the play and
how the lines contribute to its overall
narrative? 1
classification. 1
(B) Explore the symbolism behind Antony's
description of Caesar's wounds as
resembling "ruby-red coloured lips". 1 Short Qs
(C) Explain the meaning of the line “O, pardon Answer the following questions in 30-40 words:
me, thou bleeding piece of earth”. 1
3. Fate vs Free will is the main theme of the
(D) Discuss how the plot develops as a
result of Antony's emotional reaction to play ‘Julius Caesar’. Comment. 2
Caesar's death and his portrayal of him. 4. Calpurnia describes a vivid and ominous
1 dream. How do omens and superstitions
2. Read the extract given below and answer contribute to the overall theme? 2
5. Analyse the emotional trauma experienced
CALPURNIA: When beggars die, there are no
by Brutus when he pushed the dagger into
comets seen;
The heavens themselves blaze forth the death his dear friend’s body. 2
of princes.
CAESAR: Cowards die many times before their Long Qs
deaths;
The valiant never taste of death but once.
6. The theme of superstition and omens is
Of all the wonders that I yet have heard. evident in both ‘Julius Caesar’ and the
It seems to me most strange that men should poem, ‘The Rime of Ancient Mariner’ Write a
fear; paragraph in about 150 words exploring the
Seeing that death, a necessary end, theme. 8
Will come when it will come. 7. Write a dialogue conversation between
(A) How does Calpurnia's belief in heavenly Caesar's ghost and Brutus as Caesar's ghost
predictions reflect her character and conveys its feelings and thoughts about
worldview? 1 Brutus's betrayal. 8

1. (A) This image of a lioness giving birth in the (D) The expression "lying so low on the ground"
streets is symbolic and visually striking. refers to Caesar's decline in strength and
Moreover, the visual of graves opening and stature. Once a powerful and towering
releasing the dead suggests a disruption figure, Caesar is now reduced to a state of
in the natural order of life and death. humility and lowliness on the ground.
This striking image of warriors battling
in the clouds adds a celestial and surreal 3. (A) Caesar is joined by several characters
dimension to Calpurnia's fears. including Publius, Brutus, Ligarius, Metellus,
Casca, Trebonius, and Cinna. Caesar then
(B) The tone of Calpurnia's statement, "And
invites them as good friends to join him for
graves have yawn'd, and yielded up their
dead," is one of fear, dread, and unease. wine.
(C) The frightening dreams that Calpurnia (B) The word 'robe' in this context refers to
experiences are like warning signs about Caesar's ceremonial attire or garment.
something bad that might happen. She (C) The tone of Caesar in the given extract can
sees strange things in her dreams, such as be interpreted as dismissive or regretful.
graves opening up, dead people coming He dismisses his earlier fears as foolish
back to life, and a lioness giving birth in the and expresses regret for having yielded to
street. These unusual visuals indicate that them.
something strange and chaotic is about to (D) Caesar's dismissal of Calpurnia's fears may
happen. portray him as confident and assertive, yet
(D) Calpurnia's emotional state and concern it could also be interpreted as arrogant or
for Caesar's safety heighten the overall reckless.
tension. When Caesar chooses to attend
the Senate, her anxiety heightens the 4. (A) Just as the Northern Star serves as a
tension and makes the audience aware of fixed point of reference for navigation, the
the possible consequences for Caesar. speaker portrays himself as unwavering
and dependable. This comparison suggests
2. (A) When Antony saw his close friend Caesar's that the speaker possesses qualities of
lifeless body, he was devastated. He said steadfastness and consistency.
that the sword that had killed Caesar was (B) The word "constant" in the extract is an
valuable because it was stained by the antonym of "variable."
blood of the world's most honourable man.
(C) Caesar said these words while he was
He pleaded with the senators to kill him as
addressing the conspirators who were
well if they despised him.
trying to convince him not to go to the
(B) The phrase which indicates that Antony Senate.
regarded Caesar as the most noble man
(D) The ultimate outcome of Caesar's refusal
in the world is “the most noble blood of all
to heed the warnings and proceed to
this world.”
the Senate was his assassination by the
(C) Antony addresses Caesar as "O mighty conspirators.
Caesar!" This exclamation conveys a strong
emotional bond and a sense of respect. 5. The betrayal is a well-thought-out political
"Mighty" is used to emphasize how great move rather than just an impulsive act of
Caesar is in Antony's perspective. disloyalty. The conspirators justify their acts
Julius Caesar 187

as a sacrifice for Rome's greater good because a platform for Antony to exploit and turn the
they fear Caesar will come to hold an excessive public sentiment against the conspirators.
amount of power.
13. Respecting and endorsing competent
6. Irony is a key element in the tragedy genre. leadership is one essential contribution. Driven
The audience's awareness of the impending by greed as well as fears of dictatorship,
doom, especially with the warnings from Caesar's assassination results in chaos and
the soothsayer and Calpurnia’s nightmare civil conflict. Such interruptions can be avoided
enhances the tragic elements of the play. The by showing respect for lawful authorities and
playwright’s primary purpose of including cooperating within existing processes.
irony is to create a combination of tension,
surprise and excitement in the play. 14. 9 January 20XX, Tuesday
5 p.m.
7. Caesar's wife Calpurnia begs him not to leave
the house on that fateful day after having a Dear Diary,
vivid dream full of frightening symbols. Caesar Tonight has been the most frightening of all
said that the heaven and the Earth had been nights. I'm filled with confusion and fear. I had
restless all night. She had dreamed that gloomy, unsettling dreams. I dreamed that
Caesar was being killed, so she had cried three the streets were filled with menacing noises
times while sleeping and asked for help. and that Caesar's statue was dripping blood.
I was startled by the horrific visions and cried
8. The lines suggest that individuals who lack
out in terror three times. I begged Caesar to
courage or are fearful experience a kind of
stay inside our home because I felt danger was
death repeatedly throughout their lives. On
the other hand, the "valiant," or the brave hiding in the shadows.
and fearless, only experience death once. It I am torn between the love for my husband
speaks to the idea that a life lived in constant and the dread that clings to my dreams. I wish
fear, avoidance, or timidity can be more he would stay in our safe haven and listen
burdensome. to my warnings. It was as though the skies
themselves were trying to send a warning,
9. Caesar believes that Decius properly explained because the nightmares felt so real. How can
the significance of Calpurnia's dream, and that I defend Caesar from an invisible enemy? Love
Calpurnia misinterpreted it. Consequently, he and fear are at war in my heart, and I'm afraid
makes the decision to visit the Senate House. of the storm that's coming.
But the conspirators ruthlessly kill Caesar
when he gets to the Senate House. As a result, Calpurnia
his choice turns out to be ironic. 15. 256, South Boulevard
10. Although Brutus was persuaded to take part Rome
in Caesar's assassination, he had no personal 3 July, 18XX
grudges for being a part of the plot. Brutus did
this because he was a leader of patriotism and Dear Brutus,
had an unwavering love for Rome. He joined I hope this letter finds you well. Lately, I've
this conspiracy because he thought Caesar grown uneasy about Caesar's growing
was ambitious and because he was afraid influence and power. Not because I don't like
Caesar would turn into a tyrant. him personally, but even the most honourable
people can be corrupted by power. Caesar
11. An "aside" is a dramatic technique commonly
clearly has a thirst for power, and I worry
employed in plays to provide insight into a
that he might turn into an absolute monarch
character's inner thoughts or intentions. It
and compromise the very liberties we value.
allows the audience to hear what a character
I've seen how he acts, as though he's already
is thinking, even though other characters on
above us all.
stage remain unaware of these thoughts. By
breaking the fourth wall in this way, as the play
History demonstrates that individuals
unfolds on stage, it adds depth and realism pursuing ultimate authority are capable of
to the characters, enriching the audience's overlooking the basic principles of a republic. I
understanding of the narrative. am concerned about the future of Rome, and
I think we need to take action now, before it's
12. The irony in the quoted lines lies in Brutus too late. Come with me, Brutus, for the good
unwittingly facilitating Antony's opportunity of our precious Rome. By working together, we
to sway the crowd towards seeking vengeance can stop a ruler who might bring about our
for Caesar's death through his speech. By downfall.
urging the crowd to remain and hear Antony
out, Brutus unknowingly sets himself up for Yours faithfully,
a downfall. This action inadvertently creates Cassius

16. Superstition and their consequences His skillful management of affairs results
In "Julius Caesar," Calpurnia's concern over in Brutus and Cassius' defeat at Philippi.
foreboding signs prompts the question: Is Overall, Mark Antony is a complex character
having superstitions a sign of intelligence? whose intelligence and ability to manipulate
situations make him a key player in the
Calpurnia's fears stem from a human tendency political turmoil of Rome.
to seek patterns and meaning in the unknown.
It's a reflection of the complexity of the 19. A great Roman general and senator, recently
human mind rather than a sign of a lack of returned to Rome in triumph after a successful
intelligence. Superstition demonstrates the military campaign. Though his close friend
complex relationship between reason and Brutus fears that Caesar would want to rule
emotion. The mark of true intelligence is the the Roman republic as a dictator, Caesar has
capacity to navigate a spectrum of viewpoints, repeatedly declined the throne, suggesting
respecting evidence-based reasoning while that he has no such desire. Caesar is not
also acknowledging the irrational. overly power-hungry, but he is not without
The trap of superstitions reminds us that even his shortcomings. He can't seem to keep his
the most brilliant minds can fall prey to the personal life apart from his public image,
mystery of the unknown; it is an aspect of and he's so taken in by the public's growing
human experience that is universal and does idealization and worship of him that he
not discriminate based on intelligence. dismisses threats to his life and thinks he's as
eternal as the North Star.
17. Calpurnia, Caesar's wife, is portrayed as a Despite his strengths, Caesar is also portrayed
woman deeply concerned for her husband's
as somewhat naive and easily manipulated, as
safety. She is superstitious, as seen in her
he underestimates the conspirators and fails to
dreams warning of Caesar's impending
danger. Despite her fears, Calpurnia is also see their true intentions until it's too late.
rational, urging Caesar to heed her warnings 20. In "Julius Caesar," the moment just before
and stay home. Her character reflects a mix Brutus comes is tense. The conspirators—
of vulnerability and strength, as she tries to Cassius, Decius, Casca, Cinna, Metellus, and
protect Caesar from harm. Calpurnia's role Trebonius talk about their scheme to kill
highlights the tension between personal Caesar. Knowing that Brutus's backing is
relationships and political ambition in the play. essential to their goal, they are concerned
While she ultimately fails to prevent Caesar's about his choice to join them.
assassination, her efforts humanize Caesar
and contribute to the tragic atmosphere of the One of the main conspirators, Cassius, uses
story. Brutus' feeling of duty and loyalty to Rome
to try and convince him to join them. The
18. Mark Antony, a clever and powerful figure in conspirators discuss their worries about
"Julius Caesar," is a faithful friend of Caesar Caesar's dictatorship and expanding power,
at first, but when Caesar is killed, he begins as well as how best to approach him. They
to display his deceitful side. Strong speeches are committed to defending the republic and
are Antony's specialty; during Caesar's burial, keeping Caesar from seizing power.
for example, he persuades the crowd to turn
against the conspirators. He demonstrates his The scene sets the stage for the dramatic
expertise in politics by skillfully manipulating events that follow, highlighting the tension
emotions to alter public opinion. As Antony between loyalty to Caesar and loyalty to
joins forces with Octavius and Lepidus to build Rome's ideals of freedom and democracy. It
the Second Triumvirate, his acts demonstrate also foreshadows the conflict between Brutus's
his ambition and smart strategic thinking. moral dilemma and his duty to his country.
NCERT QUESTIONS
21. Calpurnia makes an attempt to prevent Caesar 23. Decius knew what Caesar wanted to hear. He
from visiting the Senate House by claiming was aware that flattery would easily make
that his arrogance has trumped his logic. He is Caesar feel good. He therefore spoke in a
therefore unable to make an informed choice way that made Caesar feel comfortable, but
regarding whether or not to visit the Senate Calpurnia tone's and language were not in line
House. with Caesar's philosophy.
22. According to Brutus, the Romans desired to 24. Cassius is against Antony speaking at Caesar's
present the powerful Caesar with the throne. funeral because he thinks Antony will incite
They might decide not to go if he didn't go that people to revolt against them. Brutus declares
day. Additionally, he persuades him that the that he will speak first and explain why he
dream will turn out to be fortunate. killed Caesar. Additionally, he will inform the
Julius Caesar 189

public that he should reserve speaking for after Caesar. Antony had to inform the audience
Antony, who was given permission to speak that Brutus and Cassius had granted him
first. permission to do so. They shouldn't be held
25. Conspirators agree to allow Antony to speak responsible for Julius Caesar's death by
only after Brutus had given reasons for killing Antony.

26. (A) Antony uses vivid and evocative 30. (A) Calpurnia is apprehensive about the safety
descriptions of the wounds inflicted on of her husband, Caesar.
Caesar by his assassins, in order to stir up (B) Caesar considers Calpurnia's fears foolish
emotions in his audience and to create a
because Decius Brutus has interpreted her
sense of horror and outrage.
dreams as favorable omens, convincing
(B) The mantle represents Caesar's power Caesar to disregard them.
and authority, and serves as a symbol of
the leader's ability to inspire loyalty and (C) Caesar intends to proceed to the senate
devotion in his followers. house.
(C) The tone of Antony's statement when he (D) The term 'yield' signifies giving in to
says, "If you have tears, prepare to shed pressure or influence.
them now" is emotive and urgent.
(D) Antony's reference to the Nervii, whom
31. When Julius Caesar was being stabbed by his
Caesar defeated in battle, highlights own friends, these were his final words, which
Caesar's skill as a military leader and mean ‘Even you Brutus’. These were said as
his ability to conquer even the most Brutus, his closest friend, stabbed him as well.
formidable enemies. Caesar found it hard to accept that someone
who was so close to him could betray him.
27. (A) Caesar decided to go to the Senate.
(B) The word 'them' in the extract signifies 32. Calpurnia's concern for Caesar's well-being
Calpurnia's fears. reflects her devotion as a wife. She is attentive
(C) Calpurnia was afraid because she had a to his needs and is genuinely distressed by the
premonition or a dream about Caesar's prospect of harm befalling him. Her intuition
assassination. adds a layer of dramatic foreshadowing and
(D) Decius Brutus' positive interpretation of irony to the play.
Calpurnia's dream and his mentioning that
the senators wanted to crown Caesar that 33. Caesar suggests that people who are fearful
day prompted Caesar to go to the Senate or cowardly repeatedly die in their lives as a
House. result of their fears and anxieties. However, the
valiant (brave or courageous) people only have
28. (A) The speaker is Brutus, and the occasion is to face death once, which suggests that they
Caesar's funeral. accept and face it head-on.
(B) The word in the extract that means the
same as 'leave' is 'depart.' 34. The irony of Caesar's murder lies in the fact
(C) The speaker did not stay to hear Antony's that despite being warned multiple times
speech because he wanted to avoid any through omens and prophecies, he ignores
potential conflict or disturbance caused by them due to his arrogance and falls victim to
their conflicting viewpoints. the conspiracy led by those he trusts, including
(D) After Brutus left, Antony gave a fiery Brutus, whom he considered a close friend.
speech, but without directly criticising the
conspirators, to incite the Romans to revolt 35. In his will, Caesar left every Roman citizen a
against them. sum of money, and he designated his private
gardens as public parks for the people of
29. (A) The speaker is Mark Antony, a trusted ally Rome to enjoy, showcasing his generosity and
of Caesar, addressing the citizens of Rome. concern for the welfare of the populace.
(B) In this context, 'grievous' denotes
something highly serious or severe. 36. Nature foretold Caesar's death through
(C) Caesar paid the ultimate price for his various omens and signs. There were reports
ambition with his life. of strange occurrences like fierce storms,
(D) Following Antony's speech, the Roman supernatural sightings, and animals behaving
citizens were convinced of its truthfulness. strangely. These phenomena were interpreted
They turned against the conspirators, as warnings from the universe about the
seeking retribution. impending danger to Caesar's life.

37. In response to Brutus's accusation that Caesar conspirators conspire against him, driven by
was "ambitious," Antony reminds the assembly their desire for political control and personal
of Caesar's contributions to Rome's prosperity, gain. Their actions are fueled by envy, jealousy,
his compassion for the underprivileged, and his and the thirst for power rather than genuine
unwillingness to accept the throne when it was concern for the well-being of Rome. Thus, the
offered—elements that appear to refute any assassination serves as a clear illustration of
claims of ambition. how personal ambitions can lead to betrayal
and political upheaval.
38. Antony was a good orator. He convinced
everyone listening to him that Caesar was 40. My fellow students, Shakespeare's "Julius
not ambitious; rather, he was unjustly killed Caesar" serves as an alarming warning that
by the conspirators. He had done many noble the goals should never be justified by the
deeds. He revealed to them Caesar's "will," means used. Although Antony had the best
which communicated that the latter was of intentions when he sought justice for the
not egotistical but rather a kind supporter of assassination of Caesar, his strategy of inciting
the Roman people. He said that Caesar had the populace to lash out at the conspirators
brought prisoners here and filled the treasury. only served to further the cycle of wrongdoing.
We have to realize that engaging in immoral
His provocative speech moved the mob.
or unethical behavior—even in the name
39. Yes, the assassination of Julius Caesar was of a just cause—only serves to exacerbate
indeed a deliberate move orchestrated by a the chaos and devastation already in place.
few individuals to fulfill their own ambitions Vengeance or retribution are not the paths to
and aspirations. In the play, Caesar's murder true justice; only legal and moral means can
is plotted by a group of senators, including lead to their realization. Recall that the way to
Brutus and Cassius, who fear Caesar's righteousness is not paved with violence and
growing power and influence. Despite Caesar's dishonesty, but with integrity and virtue.
popularity among the common people, these Thank you
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Section A (22 Marks)

Section B (22 Marks)

Section C (10 Marks)

Section D (26 Marks)

High difficulty Qs, adapted from

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LITERATURE READER - POETRY

LITERATURE READER - DRAMA

2 One Shot English Communicative Class X

4 One Shot English Communicative Class X

(a) 5. Read the following table displaying the

6 One Shot English Communicative Class X

PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

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Name Mathematics Science English Overall Interest in Performance in the Inter

16. Read the passage given below.

Name Motto Partcipation Achieve- Awards Personal Drawbacks Other

14 One Shot English Communicative Class X

(E) Based on the personal qualities of the

so on. Not to forget the short - term effects

16 One Shot English Communicative Class X

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2015 2016 2017 2018

20 One Shot English Communicative Class X

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PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

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26 One Shot English Communicative Class X

PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

Cc: SSC@xyzschool.com Cc: transportoffice@gkschool.com

Date: April 10, 52024, 07 : 05 PM Date: Sept 10, 2023, 07:03 PM

28 One Shot English Communicative Class X

6. From: head_girl_qmschool@gmail.com 9. From: shivani16@gmail.com

30 One Shot English Communicative Class X

PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

2. Write a factual description of your mother in

32 One Shot English Communicative Class X

Description of a Person Description of an Object

34 One Shot English Communicative Class X

PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

36 One Shot English Communicative Class X

PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

integration. Write a letter of complaint to

38 One Shot English Communicative Class X

40 One Shot English Communicative Class X

Sir 9. House No. 42

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46 One Shot English Communicative Class X

48 One Shot English Communicative Class X

PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

50 One Shot English Communicative Class X

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9. Cricket Versus Football 11. Achievements of Women Astronauts

PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

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