LAB MANUAL ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSIO Name: Adnan Khan

CMS ID: 56049

LAB NO. 10
ANALYSIS OF TWO TRANSMISSION LINES IN PARALLEL WITHOUT
OPERATING CAPACITANCES
Objective:
 Measurement of the current distribution in parallel connection of two lines without operating
capacitance.
 Observe the effect of absence of operating capacitance on voltage & current.

Equipment:
 Three phase AC variable power supply
 Three phase Transformer
 Three phase power circuit breakers (PCB) *2
 Power Transmission Line Model (2)
 Tree-phase Power Meter
 Voltmeter
 Resistive Load
 Inductive Load
Theory:
Two-Wire Parallel Transmission Line
A parallel wire transmission line consists of two conductive wires separated by a dielectric medium,
often air. The electromagnetic fields generated by such a line are not confined strictly to the space
around the conductors but extend outward, diminishing rapidly with distance from the wires.
Single and Double Circuit Transmission Lines

 Single Circuit Transmission Line: Comprises three sets of conductors, typically

corresponding to a three-phase electrical system.
 Double Circuit Transmission Line: Includes two independent circuits on a single structure,
with each circuit consisting of three sets of conductors. This configuration allows for greater
power transfer capacity while utilizing the same support infrastructure.

Parallel Connection of Transmission Lines

Transmission lines can be connected in parallel to achieve certain transformations in electrical
properties, such as admittance. For example, two transmission lines with the same characteristic
admittance and length can be connected in parallel to modify the total admittance. Since the focus is
on the combination of currents, admittance (the reciprocal of impedance) is more suitable for
analysis than impedance.
Capacitance in Parallel Transmission Lines
In a parallel transmission line, the conductors function like the plates of a capacitor, with the
dielectric medium (e.g., air) acting as the insulator between them. The capacitance is proportional to
 LAB MANUAL ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSIO Name: Adnan Khan
CMS ID: 56049
the line’s length and creates a leading current flow between the conductors due to the storage of
electric charge.
Safety
Another point to keep in mind is that capacitor banks can be dangerous due to the amount of energy
stored and the fact that capacitors are able to release the stored energy in a very short amount of time.
This stored energy is sometimes efficient to cause serious injuries or damage to electrical wiring and
devices if shorted out by accident.

Fig.10.1 Circuit for Parallel transmission

 LAB MANUAL ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSIO Name: Adnan Khan
CMS ID: 56049
Circuit Diagram:

Fig.10.2. circuit diagram

 LAB MANUAL ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSIO Name: Adnan Khan
CMS ID: 56049
Procedure:
 First we connect the 3 phase power supply with transformer.
 Than we connect 3 phase power transformer with PCB
 Now in next step we connect the Power circuit breaker with power meter.
 In next step we connect volt meter between line 1 and neutral.
 Now in next step we connect the Power meter with Transmission line model 1.
 In next step we connect the transmission line model 1 with Transmission line model 2.
 In next step we connect the transmission line model with Resistive load
 If we complete the circuit connection, we recheck the all connection for our safety.
 We give the power supply and we analyze the two transmission lines which operating with
parallel capacitance and we get some values.

Observation and calculation:

Table 1:

R-L VA (V) I1(A) I2 (A) IL(A) VL(V)

ROFF _LOFF 220 0 0 0 220
R1 –L1 220 0.07 0.09 0.23 214
R2 –L2 220 0.12 0.14 0.32 206
R3 –L3 220 0.23 0.25 0.53 197
R4 –L4 220 0.34 0.36 0.75 189

Table 2: When line 2 is disconnected:

R-L VA (V) I1(A) I2 (A) IL(A) VL(V)
ROFF _LOFF 220 0 0 0 220
R1 –L1 220 0.19 0 0.22 201
R2 –L2 220 0.27 0 0.30 194
R3 –L3 220 0.46 0 0.49 161
R4 –L4 220 0.64 0 0.67 167

Phasor Diagram:
VA = 220
VL = 201.5
RT * IA = [(R1*R2) / (R1+R2)] * IA
RT * IA = 6.5*0.07 = 0.455
XT * IA = 2*π*50[(L1*L2) / (L1+L2)] * IA
XT * IA = 2*π*50*0.145*0.07 = 3.18
ZT = [(Z1*Z2) / (Z1+Z2)
 LAB MANUAL ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSIO Name: Adnan Khan
CMS ID: 56049
ZT = 3.21 ohm

Fig.10.3. phasor diagram

Graphs:

Fig.10.4. graph between IL VS VL

 LAB MANUAL ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSIO Name: Adnan Khan
CMS ID: 56049

Hardware Implementation:

Fig. 10.5 Hardware Implementation

Conclusion:
In this lab we learned about the analysis of two transmission lines in parallel without operating
capacitances. We measure the current distribution in parallel connection of two lines operating
without capacitance and we also observe the effect of absence of operating capacitance on voltage
and current and we get some values of voltages and current which we show on above tables.
 LAB MANUAL ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSIO Name: Adnan Khan
CMS ID: 56049
Rubrics
Absent Student is Student can Student has Student has Student
unable to understand followed constructed perfectly
follow the the provided instructions the implemented a
provided laboratory to construct functional/ working
instructions instructions the working model/ logic/
properly. and familiar fundamental schematic/ circuit/ block
The student with the lab schematic/ model/ block diagram/ code
can name the environment block diagram/ and
hardware or (Trainer/ diagram/ code, and successfully
simulation software/ code/ model have
executed
platform, but IDE), but on the successfully
Demonstration the
unable to cannot protoboard/ executed the
lab
implement implement trainer/ program/ run
object
anything on the simulation circuit on
software ive in Realtime
practically or platform software.
platform or in a
on the practically or
simulation
software on the
environment
software
and produced
the
desire
d
results
Category Ungraded Very Poor Poor Fair Good Excellent
Percentage [0] [1-20] [21-40] [41-60] [61-80] [81-100]
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Date Total Marks Instructor’s Signature

Report not Plagiarized Requirements Observations Appropriate Correctly

submitted content are listed and are recorded computations drawn
presented experimental along with or numerical conclusion
Laboratory or procedure is detailed analysis is with exact
Reports incomplete presented procedure performed results and
submission complete
report in all
respects
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Percentage [0] [1-20] [21-40] [41-60] [61-80] [81-100]
Marks 0.0 0.01 - 0.20 0.21 - 0.40 0.41 - 0.60 0.61 - 0.80 0.81 - 1.0
Date Total Marks Instructor’s Signature
 LAB MANUAL ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSIO Name: Adnan Khan
CMS ID: 56049
LAB NO. 11
ANALYSIS OF TWO TRANSMISSION LINES IN PARALLEL WITH
OPERATING CAPACITANCES
Objective:
 Measurement of current distribution in parallel connection of two lines with operating
capacitances.
 Observe the effect of absence of operating capacitances on voltage and current.

Required Equipment:
 Three phase AC variable power supply
 Three phase Transformer
 Three phase power circuit breakers (PCB) *2
 Power Transmission Line Model (2)
 Tree-phase Power Meter
 Voltmeter
 Resistive Load
 Inductive Load

Theory:

Two-wire parallel Transmission Line:

A parallel wire transmission line is composed of two conducting wires in a dielectric such as air.
The fields around such a transmission line are not directly confined by the conductors, and extend
to infinity, although they drop off in rapidly away from the wires.

Single and Double Circuit Transmission Line:

A single circuit transmission line has three sets of conductors, while a double circuit transmission
line is two independent circuits on the same structure with each circuit made up of three sets of
conductors.

Transmission Lines Are Connected in Parallel:

This arrangement can transform one admittance to another. The simplest example of such a
transformer consists of two pieces of transmission line of the same characteristic admittance and
same length connected in parallel. (Because the lines are connected in parallel admittances are more
appropriate than impedances.)
 LAB MANUAL ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSIO Name: Adnan Khan
CMS ID: 56049
Operating Capacitors:

These are additional components connected to the transmission lines to help store electric charge.
They are used to adjust how the lines handle voltage and current.

Figure 10.1: Equivalent circuit

 LAB MANUAL ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSIO Name: Adnan Khan
CMS ID: 56049
Circuit Diagram:

Fig.11.2. Circuit Diagram

 LAB MANUAL ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSIO Name: Adnan Khan
CMS ID: 56049
Procedure:
 First we connect the 3 phase power supply with transformer.
 Than we connect 3 phase power transformer with PCB
 Now in next step we connect the Power circuit breaker with power meter.
 In next step we connect volt meter between line 1 and neutral.
 Now in next step we connect the Power meter with Transmission line model 1.
 In next step we connect the transmission line model 1 with Transmission line model 2.
 In next step we connect the transmission line model with Resistive load
 If we complete the circuit connection, we recheck the all connection for our safety.
 We give the power supply and we analyze the two transmission lines which operating with
parallel capacitance and we get some values.
 In the end we get some values and we draw a phasor diagram.

Observation and calculation:

Table 1:

R (Ὠ) VA (V) I1 (A) I2 (A) IL (A) VL (V)

Roff-LOff 220 0.29 0.32 0 240

R1-L1 220 0.25 0.25 0.25 228
R2-L2 220 0.23 0.24 0.35 223
R3-L3 220 0.25 0.26 0.57 212
R4-L4 220 0.29 0.30 0.81 202

Graphs 1:

Fig. 11.3. Load Voltage vs line Current

 LAB MANUAL ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSIO Name: Adnan Khan
CMS ID: 56049
Table 2: Measured Voltages and Currents, when transmission line 2 is disconnected

R (Ὠ) VA (V) I1 (A) I2 (A) IL (A) VL (V)

Roff-LOff 220 0.31 0 0 240

R1-L1 220 0.24 0 0.24 216
R2-L2 220 0.27 0 0.32 207
R3-L3 220 0.37 0 0.51 188
R4-L4 220 0.52 0 0.69 175

Graph 2:

Fig. 11.4. Load Currents vs load Resistance

Phasor Diagram of Equivalent Circuit (R1):

VA = 220V

VL = 229V

IA = I1 + I2 = 0.3+0.31 = 0.61A

RT*IA = 6.5*0.61 = 3.97V

XT*IA = 0.145*0.61 = 0.088V

ZT * IA = (√(3.97)2+(0.088)2) * 0.61= 2.42V
IA1 = 2 * π * f * C * Vs

IA1 = 2 * π * 50 * 2.5x10-6 * 220 = 0.17A

 LAB MANUAL ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSIO Name: Adnan Khan
CMS ID: 56049
IA2 = 2 * π * f * C * Vs

IA2 = 2 * π * 50 * 2.5x10-6 * 220 = 0.17A

IA1 + IA2 = 0.34A

IL1 = 2 * π * f * C * VL

IL1 = 2 * π * 50 * 2.5x10-6 * 0.29= 0.0002A

IL2 = 2 * π * f * C * VL

IL2 = 2 * π * 50 * 2.5x10-6 * 0.29= 0.0002A

IL1 + IL2 = 0.0004A

RT*IA = 6.5*0.07 = 0.455

Figure 11.5: Phasor diagram

 LAB MANUAL ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSIO Name: Adnan Khan
CMS ID: 56049
Hardware Implementation:

Fig.11.6. Hardware Implementation

Conclusion:
The lab analyzed two parallel transmission lines with operating capacitances and measured current
distribution. Both lines had equal impedances, resulting in equal distribution of current. When
transmission line 2 was disconnected, the current passing through the line was almost the same as the
load current, indicating that current distribution was equally distributed between transmission lines.
 LAB MANUAL ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSIO Name: Adnan Khan
CMS ID: 56049
Rubrics
Absent Student is Student can Student has Student has Student
unable to understand followed constructed perfectly
follow the the provided instructions the functional/ implemented a
provided laboratory to construct working working model/
instructions instructions the schematic/ logic/ circuit/
properly. and familiar fundamental model/ block block diagram/
The student can with the lab schematic/ diagram/ code and
name the environment block code, and successfully
Demonstration hardware or (Trainer/ diagram/ have executed the
simulation software/ code/ model successfully lab objective in
platform, but IDE), but on the executed the Realtime or in
unable to cannot protoboard/ program/ run a simulation
implement implement on trainer/ circuit on environment
anything the platform simulation software and produced
practically or practically or software. platform the desired
on the software on the results
software
Category Ungraded Very Poor Poor Fair Good Excellent
Percentage [0] [1-20] [21-40] [41-60] [61-80] [81-100]
Marks 0.0 0.01 - 0.20 0.21 - 0.40 0.41 - 0.60 0.61 - 0.80 0.81 - 1.0
Date Total Marks Instructor’s Signature

Report not Plagiarized Requirements Observations Appropriate Correctly

submitted content are listed and are recorded computations drawn
presented or experimental along with or numerical conclusion
Laboratory incomplete procedure is detailed analysis is with
Reports submission presented procedure performed exact results
and complete
report in all
respects
Category Ungraded Very Poor Poor Fair Good Excellent
Percentage [0] [1-20] [21-40] [41-60] [61-80] [81-100]
Marks 0.0 0.01 - 0.20 0.21 - 0.40 0.41 - 0.60 0.61 - 0.80 0.81 - 1.0
Date Total Marks Instructor’s Signature