Bhilai (C.G.) Certificate This is to certify that Voshit Kumar Sahu, Tushar Kumar Gupta and Yuvraj Manikpuri, students of BCA 1st Year has successfully completed their EVS project on the topic “Solid Waste Management” under the guidance of Sandhya Mam.
Guided By: Submitted By:
Ms. Shandhya Chandrakar Voshit Kumar Sahu Tushar Kumar Gupta Yuvraj Manikpuri Acknowledgement We would like to express my special thanks & gratitude to my “Environmental Studies” subject teacher Ms. Shandhya Chandrakar for her guidance and support in completing our project. We came to know about many new things, we are really thankful to her. We would also like to extend our gratitude to the principal Dr. Neema S Balan for providing us with all the facility that was required. Introduction Solid waste refers to the range of garbage materials which includes unwanted materials from human and animal activities, waste generated by residential, commercial, and industrial sources. It can be categorized by material (plastic, paper, etc.), hazard potential (radioactive, toxic, etc.), or origin (industrial, domestic, etc.). P rop erm anagem ent ofsolid waste iscrucialto p rotect the environm ent and human health. What Is Solid Waste Management? Solid waste management means taking care of all the garbage we produce. It involves planning, organiz- ing, and handling waste to keep our communities clean and healthy. This job includes different tasks like figuring out how to collect and dis- pose of waste, considering the environment, people's health, and finances. To do this well, we need help from various fields like public health, city planning, economics, and engineer- ing. It's a teamwork involving different areas of expertise to find the best solutions for managing our waste and keeping our surroundings clean and safe. Objectives Of Solid Waste Management 01 02 Environmental Public Health and Preservation Safety The primary objective is to protect the Managing waste effectively is essential for environment from pollution, ensuring that preventing diseases and safeguarding waste is disposed of and managed in ways public health. Proper disposal methods that do not harm natural habitats, air, ensure that communities are protected water, or soil quality. from hazardous materials and contamination. 04 03 Community Engagement Resource Conservation Educating and involving communities in Solid waste management aims to waste management practices fosters a conserve natural resources by promoting sense of responsibility and encourages recycling and reuse, reducing the need for active participation, leading to more raw materials, and minimizing the overall sustainable waste management initiatives. strain on the environment. S O L Segregation and Collection: Transportation: Treatment and I Recycling: D Gathering waste Moving waste to Disposal: Sorting recyclables treatment or Processing waste from homes and W from non- disposal facilities to minimize businesses. A recyclables to safely. environmental S reduce landfill use. impact. T E
M A N Innovation: Policy Waste Public A Developing Minimization: Awareness: G Implementation: E better waste Encouraging Educating people Enforcing rules and M management practices that about responsible guidelines for E methods reduce waste waste disposal proper waste N through and recycling. management. generation. T research. F U C Monitoring: Keeping track of Resource Recovery: Extracting T waste activities for efficient value from waste, such as energy I O management. generation. N S Challenges In Solid Waste Management
Waste Volume: Managing the increasing volume of waste generated, especially in urban areas, is a critical challenge. Rapid population growth and urbanization contribute to this problem. Proper Disposal and Recycling: Ensuring that waste is properly disposed of and recycled is vital for environmental sustainability. Effective recycling programs and waste segregation at the source are essential but challenging to implement. Hazardous Waste Management: Proper handling and disposal of hazardous waste, such as chemicals and medical waste, are crucial to prevent environmental contamination and health risks. Public Awareness and Participation: Educating the public about the importance of waste management, recycling, and responsible disposal is fundamental. Encouraging active citizen participation is key to the success of waste management programs. Policy and Regulation: Developing and enforcing stringent policies and regulations related to waste management, including penalties for improper disposal and incentives for recycling, is essential for creating a systematic and sustainable waste management approach. Total Solid Waste Generated In India
Total MSW(Municipal Solid Waste) Generated By Material, 2018
294.8 millions tons Source: epa.gov Sources Of Solid Waste Generation
Domestic Industrial Waste waste
Commercial Agricultural Waste Waste 1. Industrial waste: Industrial waste refers to any waste materials produced by manufacturing, mining, construction, or other industrial processes. It can include hazardous materials, non-hazardous materials, and byproducts of production. Proper management and disposal of industrial waste are critical to prevent environmental pollution.
2. Commercial waste: Commercial waste is generated by businesses, shops, and offices. It encompasses various waste types, such as paper, cardboard, packaging materials, food waste, and general office waste. Proper disposal and recycling of commercial waste are essential for maintaining a clean and sustainable environment 3. Domestic waste: Domestic waste, also known as household waste, is the waste produced by individuals and families in their daily lives. This waste can include kitchen scraps, packaging materials, old clothing, and other items discarded at home. Effective waste management at the household level includes recycling and proper disposal.
4. Agricultural waste: Agricultural waste is generated by farming and related activities. It can include crop residues, manure, pesticides, and other agricultural byproducts. Proper management of agricultural waste is essential for maintaining soil health and preventing pollution, particularly in rural areas. Ways/Methods of Solid Waste Management
Certainly, when considering the most
important methods of solid waste management, the focus is often on sustainability, environmental impact, and long-term viability. I. Recycling Recycling is a crucial aspect of waste management that involves the conversion of waste materials into new products. The process of recycling involves the collection of waste materials, their processing or manufacture into new products, and the purchase of those products, which may then themselves be recycled . Recycling is important because it helps to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills and incinerators, conserves natural resources such as timber, water, and minerals, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions .
Recycling can be divided into two main
categories: primary and secondary recycling. Primary recycling involves the reuse of materials in their original form, while secondary recycling involves the conversion of materials into new products. Some common examples of recycled materials include paper, glass, plastic, and metal . II. Sanitary Landfills III. Composting
Sanitary landfills are a method of Composting is a method of solid
solid waste management that waste management that involves involves the isolation and the biological decomposition of confinement of waste from the organic materials under environment until it is safe. controlled conditions. Sanitary landfills are designed to Composting can reduce the prevent the contamination of soil, volume of waste, destroy harmful water, and air by waste, and to pathogens, and produce a useful reduce the emission of product that can be used as a greenhouse gases and odors. soil conditioner or fertilizer IV. Waste-To-Energy V. Plasma Gasification
Waste-to-energy is a process that A cleaner alternative to incineration
involves converting waste materials is plasma gasification, which involves into energy. The most common heating waste at high temperatures to method of waste-to-energy is create a synthetic gas that can be incineration, which involves burning used as fuel. Plasma gasification is waste at high temperatures to convert often used for hazardous waste that it into ash and gas. However, cannot be disposed of through other incineration can be harmful to the methods. environment due to the release of toxic chemicals. Roads Made Of Plastic Waste In India India has been grappling with the problem of plastic waste disposal for a long time. However, a professor of chemistry at Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai, Prof Rajagopalan Vasudevan, has found a solution to reduce this waste by building roads and making stone coated with plastic waste. The technology for this was developed by him and is now being used by road developers across the country. In fact, a government order in November 2015 has made it mandatory for all road developers in India to use waste plastic, along with bituminous mixes, for road construction.
According to One Green Planet, the region of Tamil Nadu, in southern
India, has turned more than 1,600 tons of waste plastic into 620 miles (or roughly 1,000 kilometers) of roads in the past five years. Throughout India, an estimated 21,000 miles (33,000 kilometers) of road has been constructed with recycled plastic, with a large majority of these plastic roads in rural areas.
Prof Rajagopalan Vasudevan
Upcycling Upcycling is the process of transforming waste materials into new materials or products perceived to be of greater quality, such as artistic value or environmental value. The term was first used in print in 1994 by Thornton Kay quoting Reiner Pilz. Gunter Pauli, an entrepreneur, popularized the concept in his book “Upsizing: The Road to Zero Emissions- More Jobs, More Income and No Pollution” published in 1998. He used the term “upcycling” to describe the process of transforming waste materials into new materials or products perceived to be of greater quality. Pauli is a Belgian entrepreneur and economist who founded the Zero Emissions Research and Initiatives (ZERI) network which seeks to create value by recovering waste from an industry and reusing it as raw material in a second company. The Blue Economy is based on the idea that each waste can become a resource. In this economy, waste materials are transformed into new products that are more valuable than the original ones.
