a ANTE- MicROBIAL AGENT:

(Antibiotics)
a Ani-microbial agent 0
drugs microorganim Ag qrouath
Anti- microbial Agent 13 IY 243
2 3(T,121: >/ Antibiotics
Chemotherop uutics
Antibiohics- obtaind from living organism/notur.
A
Chemotherapeutics -obtained from chemical synthasis.
Classification of Antibiotic Anti-microbials:

aAccorcdinqto type of organism: Acording to Spectrum :

Ani-baclerial druqsPenicillin Nartrow
spectrum
Benzyl Penicillin
Anti-vinal dnugs Acyclovir (qutvelbact Aang)
Anti- Fungal dnug Fluconazole Broad Tetracycline
Spechrum Ciprofloxacin
Anti-Protozoal drugs Metronid azole Ciphalospori ne
Amti- helminthic drugs Albendazole Extended
spectrum
Ampicillin
Amoxycill in
According to Mode of Action:
Bacteriostutic SulphongBaide Bacteriudal Penjci llin
Chlorramphenicol
bacteria A4 grouth to Tetracycine (bacturiag (HI cphalosporuin
OH1 () Rifampicin
Isoniazid
|Aminoqycosidah
Broad Spectrum AntibiotiS fo R g

UT broad spectrum Antibiotics IT

Amoxycilli
· Ampicil in
. Cephalosporulne
" Aminogtycoside
Enythromyuin
"Tetracycine
Flunoinolone.

PAE
’ post- Antibiotic Effect :
boctenial arouth tr fry af

D BAr bacterziostahtk bacnicidal drug

To avoid drug resistance.

To reduce individual toxic etfect ¢a large
dose single dhu
To broaden the spectrum coverage
To decreabe the amount dore.
 Nystotin
Amphoteruicin-B function membrane call Affect
trimethoprum
Metronidazol
-Guinolons synthesis aNucliec
oc
ibitor-Sulphonamide
Erythroinycin -
chlotanphen
icol
-Tetracyclin
-Aminogycoside Inhibitor 6ynthesis Dprotein
Cephalosporun wall Ball
-Penicillin Inhibitor 5ynthesis
Acortdin
on: of
Actmechanism
i to
Antibiothi microbials/ of
anti-Classificahion
aureus
StaphylococCUS
Przoteus -
-Pseudomonas
Albicars Candida -
infection. Masking
of 5-
toxicity 4.Diruct
typersensitivity 3-
2:superinfection.
dru|g-Resistance
to
hazard therapy
AZ
Antimicrobial
drug Antibiotics/
XAT27
 Cell WALL SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS:

PENTCILLIN
-Most widely wed Antibiohics
- A- Aí -lactam drug
- Peniclin 4q strucure ml6-aminopenicillanic Aud

LAring B-ring
I

AA TT Thiazolid in. ring A TN S-lactamring

T b-lactum rung destroy 29.4 pharmacological
efiect 3 destroy agi
*3-lactum ung detmoy g -baciaial Penicillanast enzynel
b-lactamase eneyme mgi
AT ortganism -lactamase enzyrne produca 4)
staphy lococcus Aunew.
A'-ing A4
Type -1 hypertsensifivity reaction (i
Penicillin fa
0n the basisf-TE)
ITypes
ie
of Spechr um coverage
Nanrow Spectrum Broad Specrum Extended Spectrum
Benzyl-Penicillin
(parentenal) [Ampicillin -Ampicillin
Amoxycillin
Phenoxy methy! Peniilin Amoxycillin
(ora) Carbenicillin
(orally)
Methiillin
Ticarcillin
OXacillin Piperacillin
Cloxocillin
Fludoxacillinl
Anti -Staphy loco ccal Peniill in)
.On the basis of duration of Action:
short aching Benzyl Penicillin(AIT amtve) bacteria43 tn41 )
Intemediate procain Penicillin (use in Preumococcal Pneumonia)
aching
Benzathine peniillin (use in Rheumatic Fever
Long acting &&byphi lis &gonortrth oea,
b-haumoytic streptococeal
phanyngtho.
Indication & Advertse Efect &Penicillin:
Indication: Advertse Efect.
*Hypensensitivity
"Severe intcction: " Nausea,Nomiting, diarrhoea
Tetanus, Diptherti a " Neurotox iity
Anbrax, gas a gangrene "Eosinophilia
"shreptococcoal skhinintection
"Staphylococcol infe chion Hepatis
" Pneumococcal infection
" Haemolytic Anaamia
Meningococcal Meningitis "Eosinophilia
 11
-lactamase" Sensitive Penicillin
A
Benzy! Peniillin
Amoxiillin
Ampicllin
O -lactamase Tesistant
penicillin 1HA
Flucloxacillin
Cloxacillin
Methicillin.
a -lactamase
Clavulanic Aud
Salbactam
Tazobactam
UBenzy- penicillin 1T bacteria Aa 39T 13 A?
pse udomonas.
(ell Wall Synthesis Inbibitors :
Cephalosporins
1st genenation Cephalexin
Cetadroxil Joral)
Cefazolin
(IN)
Cephradin
|2nd generration Cefiuroxime|
Cefaclor

Cefamandole IN
Cefoxitin

Jrad generathion Cefiximeoral

Cefotaxime
Ceftriaxone
Cefotuxime IN
Ceftozidime
4th Generation Cefep ime (IN)
(efpirome (IM RIIV)

Cephalosporins A HAS (1¯r best

penicillin A
cephalosporzins
Hypensensihvity reaction H
activity broad speetrum Antibiofics ag A(n
 4iCtOSs BBB generation 3rd
Aa; coverage negative cephalosporins
Am
ACROSS BBB 1st
gm
(943; (overag positivecephalosportins genertation
devel
2Sop phlebitis Thrombo fAinjection
T IN
24 pain severe injection
1A( I/M
4AAD faTr outAe M
I V Cephalosportin
1/R Q
Pneumonia
Fever Enteric "
Gononrho
ea
disorderu Bleding infechon
"Nosocomial "
Supenintection " sinusiis RTI
toxicity Renal Meningitis "
Anaphylaxs
Anaemia Haemolytic Intechion Skin
Nephritis -Tonsillitis
Rash Skin yTI "
Fever
Septicaenia
Effect Advertse Indication
Cephalosporins: Efect
of Advense &
Indicathion D
drug.
Bacteriidal
drug? Ae
TypeCephalosporins a
UIi (44T FailureA Renal 2gU Excrete
11g bile 33T
AI 2T*| toxicity Renal (O7
cephalosportins genenation 3rd
1g (9
FailureA cephalosporzins
Renal generation 1A
cephalosponins generration st
Q PROTEIN
SYNTHESIS NHIBITORS:

AMINOGLYCOSIDES
r A Afr amino sugar contain 4

(antral Hexose nucleus st64 g)

Natural Strepiomycin
"Neomycin
"Kanamycin
"Gentamyin
Tobn amyin

segthehic " Amikacin

" Netilmicin

Amino-ghcoside, 1 Type Anhibiotics )

Bactericidal

bacteria.
gnam negative
Aminoglyco_ides 1T nibosomal sub-unit Aqt9g 13 13)
D 305 TuboSomal sub-unit.
 Contralndication :
D hdication, Advense Effect R
(Aninoglycosides)
Indication Advense Effect Contraindication

UTl oith pyelonephrits Ototox iuty

Perito nitis
*Hypersensitiviy
*Nepbrotoxiaky *Pregnany
"Meningitis "Myotoxicity "Lact ation
-Gm(v) *hypernsensitivity
"skin Rash
"Myasthenioagravis
"Intected burtn "Tinnilus
-Sp Sephicamia "ABaia
loss of balane
" Htiah treoquny
Hearing t:.

DT Aminoglycosideh ( bactericidal To13

Aminoglycosides protein synthesis A iár(agi k
call membran penmeability atr ag Ad;
call deatth 141
(cell death means bactericid a)

Neomycin
 Sreptomycin A43 Neomycin locally

AATA, Struptomycin A4j Neonycin orally (n 24)

sterilu 2gI
. mT lnjectable Fornm panenteral Fonm 4
(T 24 9ut ste steril 0a

UI, bowel surgar1y ( Neomyun 1gm oraly(g

Neomycin topically Use

ointment, cream 1ZIHC 93q14 4T 2T

Infected burtn
wounds
ulars k
Infected dertmatoses
 OAminoglycosides A4 properrhies$âs
Highly polar s0 poor absorption orally
They arte. not metabolized in the body,mainly distribuBed in Ec.
They can cross the placetal barzrier but cant BBG
They are more ater soluble
They are less ipid soluble
poorly absorbed from GIT
Excreion by kidncy.
Streptomycin
Kanarycin
Amikacin
IAminoqlycosides tar ctotoxicity arO
AT Bth
drug activdy nter t4 Endolymph peri lymphd
cYanial nunre damage ai
A3;. coch lu a damage. Aa; vestibul ar damage af
A(U Tinnit. Loss of Hearing,
Venfio . Ataxia, loss of balanu aqi
ofotoxicity dvdop argi
AminoalcOSides ls4 Neghrotoxicity 249
serrum creahnine urel z197

QA Myonthenia qravis A Aminoalycos idus (a MA:

A Neuromuhulan treansmission impair 441
D Gentamicin (91T
bacteria (r covert age (M?
gm(*ve) kqm() bacteria car coverage cagi
UNeomyan T orally cnT AT Hepathic Encaphalop thy(?
To reducL colonic bacteria
D hy penicillin is used with qentamiing
‘ the spechrum of activity
t duration o therap
Protein synthesis inhibitor 519T 91r 43T g
subunit:
2 ri 121 : act on 30s ribosomal
- Aminogiycosiden
- Tetracyclines
Act on 505 ribosomal subu nit:
- chtoramphtnicol
-Mic Macrolidus
Clindamyin

Aminoglycosides t bactericidal
Aq A bocteriostatic.
chlorarmphenicol r
Aa$, Tetraccline 2
 04 Tetracqcline .Chloramphenicol t baceniostatic
Tetrtacycine. chlorcamphenico! proteir synthesis
(4 Inhibit 4 s
cell membrtane A4 permeability
Ater A Y 1 bacteriostatic 1 all death 4 ar

Arminoglycosides A4; loop diunetics (a7 AR)IA

qte ototoxie drug. ADNT(T use Ar21
AS SeYerte ototoxicity develop NAi
Loop diunehcs (Fnustmide) st iah Ceiling Diurchie
(- Endoymph perilmph (1JT Fluid extrete 4.
L more deposits of aminoglycosi dss on hair als .
A(T hait cll 1pertman ntly destroy 2 Aa3 severe

a Amino_lzcosides at ak haematslagical obnorumality

Bone marow deprssion
Hemolytic Anaemia
Blezding