Lesson Title of the Lesson

1 The General and Unique Characteristics of the Different

Organ Systems In Representative Animals

What I Need to Know

Animal cells need constant supply of nutrients such as water, oxygen, carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins, and vitamins. They must also eliminate waste products like carbon dioxide
and nitrogen-containing compounds.
In single-celled organism, exchange of materials occurs directly with the external
environment. However, multicellular animals cannot exchange materials this way. Instead,
various organ systems perform functions of exchange. The different parts and organs of
each organ systems play a very important role in the unique characteristic and function in
keeping animals alive.
This lesson will discuss the unique characteristics of the different organ systems of
some animals. It will also give concepts on how some animals from varied habitats differ in
their ways of exchanging gases from their body and environment. It will further illustrate the
different digestive systems of some animals, and will give your idea on why some animals
can digest food easily than other animals.

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 Lesson on Monday

The organs you have identified Activity 1 play a very important role in carrying out a
specific function of an organ system. Organ system is a group of organs that contribute to
specific function to the body. The heart for example is the main organ of the circulatory
system. Are there other organs which help the heart in carrying out the task for the function
of the circulatory system? Can you name some of them? Can you name other organ
systems aside from the circulatory system?
Below is the list of the different organ systems of some representative animals. Each
system is made up of different parts or organs that perform different tasks to carry out a
specific function in ensuring the survival of animals. In the more advanced animals, there are
usually 10 organ systems: integumentary (skin), skeletal, muscular, nervous,
endocrine, digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory (urinary), and reproductive.

ORGAN SYSTEM PARTS/ORGANS

Circulatory System Heart, Blood Vessels and Blood

Digestive System Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Liver, Gall
Bladder, Pancreas, Small and Large
Intestines

Lymphatic System Spleen, Lymph Nodes and Vessels, White

Blood Cells, T and B Cells

Muscular/Skeletal System Skeletal Structure (Bones and Cartilage) and

Muscles

Brain, Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerves

Nervous System

Reproductive Organs and Endocrine Glands

Reproductive/Endocrine System such as the Hypothalamus, Pineal, Thyroid,
Pancreas and Adrenals

Respiratory System Nose, Trachea, Lungs and Skin

Urinary System Kidney, Bladder, Ureters and Urethra

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Activity 1.1: Who is Responsible?

Which organ system is the most responsible in the following situations? Write on the
space provided before each item the letter that represents the organ system of your choice.

MS muscular/skeletal D digestive L lymphatic U/E urinary/excretory

R respiratory N nervous C circulatory RE Reproductive

A. You studied well last night for today’s first grading

examination.

B. You have eaten a good breakfast for energy

source,

C. You went to the bathroom since you drank a lot of

water. You would not want to go out from the room
during the exam.

D. You walked hurriedly so you will not be late. You

are catching your breath.

E. You were out of balance and fell on your knee. But

you managed to get up quickly.

F. You were thankful. You have strong bones.

G. You are now in the classroom. You are excited and

your chest is beating fast. But you are confident
because you are ready.

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 Lesson on Tuesday

The activity shows some of our daily activities made possible due to the function of
the different organ systems. The functions of each organ system overlap and the body of an
organism could not function completely without the cooperation of all organ systems, yet
each organ system has a distinct and unique characteristic that perform a specific function
for the survival of an organism.

The unique characteristic and functions of the different organ system

ORGAN SYSTEM FUNCTIONS

Transports nutrients, gases (oxygen and

Circulatory System carbon dioxide), hormones, and wastes
throughout the body.

Digestive System Converts air, food and water into building

materials for living tissue. Breaks down food,
absorbs nutrients and eliminates wastes.

Lymphatic System Destroys and removes invading microbes

and viruses. Removes fat and excess fluids
from the blood

. Provides structure and mobility, and even

Muscular/Skeletal System controls the movement of materials through
some organs.

Nervous System Relays electrical signals, directs behavior

and movement, and helps control
physiological processes such as digestion,
circulation, respiration, etc.

Reproductive/Endocrine System Manufactures cells that create and support

new life. Regulates hormones and relays
chemical messages throughout the body.

Respiratory System Provides oxygen and gas exchange between

the blood and the environment.

Urinary System/Excretory System Filters wastes, toxins, excess water and

nutrients from the circulatory system

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1zGv46p-yjY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ok2xYcDaLUA&t=90s

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Activity 1.2: Where do you belong?

The table below is divided into four, according to the four basic types of digestive
system. Group the given list of animals according to the type of their digestive system. The
first ones are your examples.

Chicken cow humans pig bird

cat hog sheep dog Duck
rabbit hamster earthworm horses goat

MONOGASTRIC AVIAN RUMINANT PSEUDO- RUMINANT

Humans Bird goat Horse

 Lesson on Wednesday

Other animals can digest food better than the others due to the type of digestive
system they have. There are four basic types of digestive systems; monogastric, avian,
ruminant, and pseudo-ruminant.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tYHtuo0pdVg

A monogastric digestive system has one simple stomach that secretes acid. This acid destroys
most bacteria in the stomach and break down the foods into its simplest form. They can easily digest
foods with high in energy and low in fiber.

The avian digestive system isfound

in poultry, animals that do not have teeth.
They break their food into small pieces by
pecking it with their beaks or scratching
them before swallowing. the food goes to the
gizzard, a very muscular organ, which contains
stones that act like teeth to grind the food.
The food then moves t o the large intestine.
The food components that cannot be digested
move to the cloaca.

The ruminant digestive system

has a large stomach divided into four
compartments—the rumen, the reticulum, the
omasum, and the abomasum. They are
herbivores, which eat large amounts of fiber.
Their digestive system are able to digest large
amount ofcellulose. Their foods are not chewed
well and are swallowed in large quantities. The
first compartment of the stomach is therumen
which has millions of bacteria and microbes
that helps in the partial break down of foods.
And since these animals donot chew well
their foods before swallowing, the reticulum
traps foreign materials, such as wire, and
nails. From the reticulum, the digested
cellulose is swallowed into the omasum that Figure 2. digestive system of a cow
removes water and passes to abomasum where
it is digested by the enzyme produced by the
ruminant.
 The Pseudo-ruminant digestive system is found in animals that eat large amounts of
fiber but do not have stomach with several compartments. The digestive system has the same
functions of those of ruminants.
Different types of Respiratory systems have evolved in animals. They all function to
exchange in oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment and internal fluids of the
transport system. The gases are then transported to and from the tissue where cell
respiration occurs.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L8uvDxOY_EI

Small multicellular animals such

as the Hydra have no respiratory organs.
Gases are exchange directly by diffusion
between the organism and environment
through the epidermal cells. These
animals have no need for a transport
system because all their cells are in
contact with the external environment. In
an earthworm, the surface of the skin has
a film of moist, mucus-like material where
gas molecules dissolve and diffuse.

More complex animals have

specialized surfaces where gas exchange
takes place. Organisms that live in
different habitats have different kinds of
respiratory surfaces. The gills of some
aquatic animals like crustaceans,
mollusks provide a large respiratory
Figure 3. exchange of oxygen
surface. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are and carbon dioxide gas in hydra
exchange between the blood surrounding
the gills and the watery environment.

Land dwelling insects have developed a system of air tubes called trachea. Air enter
the insect’s body through openings called spiracles along the side of the body. From these
openings, the trachea branch into smaller tubes that have direct contact with the cells. Thus
the cells easily receive oxygen and give off carbon dioxide by diffusion through the walls of
the air tubes. The insect’s respiratory system is not connected to its circulatory system.

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Activity 1.3: CROSSWORD PUZZLE

ORGAN SYSTEMS

Across
4. first compartment in a ruminant's digestive system that allows partial breakdown of food
7. organ system that breaks down food and assimilate nutrients
9. organ system that filters wastes, toxins, excess water and nutrients from the circulatory
system
10. organ system that manufactures cells to produce new life

Down
1. a very muscular organ in bird, which contains stones that act like teeth to grind the food
2. a hollow tube that leads the throat to the stomach
3. organ system that destroys and removes invading microbes
5. organ system responsible for movement
6. organ system that transmits signals between different parts of the body
8. organ system that transports oxygen, nutrients and hormones and removes wastes
products like carbon dioxide

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 Lesson on Thursday

Activity 1.5: Slogan Making

Choose one organ system. In a whole bond-paper, make a slogan for your chosen
organ system conveying a message of its importance. You may use any colouring materials.
Be creative.

RUBRICS
Category 4 3 2 1
The slogan The slogan The slogan The slogan does
clearly clearly indirectly not sufficiently
Presentation communicates communicates communicates communicate
the main idea some of the the idea and any idea that
and strongly important ideas hardly conveys a conveys a
convey a and slightly message of message of
message of conveys a importance importance
importance message of
importance
All of the Most of the The graphics The graphics
graphics used graphics used on were made by the were not made
Creativity on the slogan the slogan student but were by the student.
and reflect an reflect student copied from the
Originality exceptional ingenuity in their designs or ideas
degree of creation. of others.
student ingenuity
in their creation.
All graphics in Most graphics in Some graphics in The graphics in
Accuracy the slogan are the slogan are the slogan are the slogan are
and accurate and accurate and accurate and neither accurate
relevance related to the related to the related to the nor related to
topic. topic. topic. the topic.
The slogan All required Few required Required
includes all elements are elements are elements are
Required required included. included. missing.
Element elements as well
as additional
information.

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 Lesson on Friday

Research, read and write about the Importance of Functional Relationships of theDifferent
Organ Systems in Ensuring Animal Survival in a whole sheet of paper (Bond-paper, Intermediate,
Yellow-pad, etc. except notebook.) Noted! This will be also submitted on Monday.

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