Biology Board Papers & Question Bank

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Board Question Paper: March 2024
BOARD QUESTION PAPER : MARCH 2024

BIOLOGY
Time: 3 Hrs. Max. Marks: 70
General Instructions:
The question paper is divided into four sections.
(1) Section A: Q. No. 1 contains Ten multiple choice type of questions carrying one mark each. Evaluation will
be done for the first attempt only.
Q. No. 2 contains Eight very short answer type of questions carrying one mark each.
(2) Section B: Q. No. 3 to 14 are short answer type of questions carrying two marks each. (Attempt any Eight)
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(3) Section C: Q. No. 15 to 26 are short answer type of questions carrying three marks each. (Attempt any Eight)
(4) Section D: Q. No. 27 to 31 are long answer type of questions carrying four marks each. (Attempt any Three)
(5) Begin the answer of each section on a new page.
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SECTION  A
Q.1. Select and write the correct answer for the following multiple choice type of questions: [10]
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i. Identify the growth hormone in plants which causes inhibitory effect.
(A) Cytokinins (B) Abscisic acid (C) Gibberellin (D) Ethylene
ii. Which one of the following is not a part of lac operon?
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(A) Promoter (B) Regulator (C) Inducer (D) Operator
iii. In absence of fertilization, corpus luteum degenerates into _______.
(A) tunica albuginea (B) membrana granulosa
(C) zona pellucida (D) corpus albicans
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iv. Which of the following divides nasal cavity?
(A) Hyaline cartilage (B) Mesethmoid cartilage
(C) Ligamentum arteriosum (D) Laryngopharynx
v. Which of the following is caused by unsterilized needle?
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(A) Elephantiasis (B) AIDS (C) Malaria (D) Dengue

vi. Recognition sequence of restriction enzymes are generally _______ nucleotides long.
(A) 2 to 4 (B) 4 to 8 (C) 8 to 10 (D) 14 to 18
vii. Which of the following types require pollinator but result is genetically similar to autogamy?
(A) Geitonogamy (B) Xenogamy (C) Apogamy (D) Cleistogamy
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viii. Which one of the following does not evolve further?

(A) Climax community (B) Primary succession
(C) Pioneer species (D) Seral community
ix. Identify the appropriate term for the number of births under ideal conditions:
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(A) Absolute mortality (B) Realized natality

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(C) Realized mortality (D) Absolute natality

x. Observe the graph and select correct option:
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Species richness
Area
(A) Line ‘A’ represent S-CA2 (B) Line ‘B’ represents log C = log A + Z log S
(C) Line ‘A’ represents S = CAZ (D) Line ‘B’ represent log S = log Z + C log A
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Biology
Q.2. Answer the following questions: [8]
i. What are vestigeal organs?
ii. Expand the term ZIFT.
iii. Give the name of endocrine gland which is prominent at birth but gets gradually atrophied in
adult stage.
iv. What is the full form of IAA?
v. Give the name of microbial source of antibiotic chloromycetin.
vi. Which cells of islets of Langerhans produce a hormone insulin?
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vii. How many meiotic divisions are required for the formation of 300 seeds in angiosperm?
viii. Explain the term Emigration.
SECTION  B
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Attempt any EIGHT of the following questions: [16]
Q.3. What are the reasons for the success of Mendel?
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Q.4. Arrange the following steps of DNA fingerprinting in correct sequence :
i. Gel electrophoresis lic
ii. Isolation of DNA
iii. Southern blotting
iv. Restriction digestion
Q.5. Distinguish between human sperm and ovum.
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Q.6. Enlist the uses of gene therapy.
Q.7. Define the following terms:
i. Gene flow
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ii. Chromosomal aberrations

Q.8. What are the significances of double fertilization?
Q.9. Identify and define ‘A’ and ‘B’ in relation to uptake of water by the root:
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A
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B
Q.10. Describe mutualism.
Q.11. Explain the factors affecting water absorption.
Q.12. What is differentiation and redifferentiation?
Q.13. Select and rewrite appropriate disorder of respiratory system with the given symptoms:
[sinusitis, emphysema, silicosis and asbestosis, laryngitis]
i. Breakdown of alveoli, shortness of breath.
ii. Inflammation of the sinuses, mucous discharge.
ii. Inflammation of larynx, vocal cord, sore throat, hoarseness of voice, mucous build up and cough.
Q.14. Explain the steps involved in preliminary treatment of sewage.
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SECTION  C
Q.15. Give the different steps involved in formation of m-RNA from hn-RNA.
Q.16. What is reproductive isolation? Describe any two types each of pre-mating and post-mating
isolating mechanism.
Q.17. Explain unique features of acquired immunity.
Q.18. Name and describe hormones secreted by ovaries.
Q.19. Explain different steps involved in PCR technique.
Q.20.
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A B C
Identify A, B and C from the above diagrams and give their functions.
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Q.21. What are the limitations of root pressure theory?
Q.22. Explain green house effect with reference to gases responsible for it and their sources.
Q.23. Describe physiological effects and applications of ethylene.
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Q.24. Give the name and type of I, IV and VII cranial nerves.
Q.25. Describe pyramid of energy with the help of diagram.
Q.26. What is lac? Enlist economic importance of lac.
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SECTION  D
Attempt any THREE of the following questions: [12]
Q.27. Describe histological structure of Testis with well labelled diagram.
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Q.28. What are chromosomal disorders? Describe Turner’s syndrome and Klinefelter’s syndrome.
Q.29. Describe nervous system in Planaria with well labelled diagram.
Q.30. Explain following terms:
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i. Grafting
ii. Apomixis
iii. Polyembryony
iv. Pathenocarpy
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Q.31. Interpret the given diagrams A and B. Enlist the changes occurring during inspiration and
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expiration.
Air Air
A B
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Board Question Paper: July 2023
BOARD QUESTION PAPER: JULY 2023

BIOLOGY
(1) Section A: Q. No. 1 contains Ten multiple choice type of questions carrying one mark each.
(i) For each multiple choice type of question, it is mandatory to write the correct answer along
with its alphabet, e.g., (A) ……. / (B) ……. / (C) ……. / (D) ……. etc. No mark/s shall be
given if ONLY the correct answer or alphabet of the correct answer is written.
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(ii) In case of MCQ, evaluation will be done for the first attempt only.
Q. No. 2 Contains Eight very short answer type of questions carrying one mark each.
(2) Section B: Q. No. 3 to 14 are short answer type of questions carrying two marks each. (Attempt any
Eight)
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(3) Section C: Q. No. 15 to 26 are short answer type of questions carrying three marks each. (Attempt any
Eight)
(4) Section D: Q. No. 27 to 31 are long answer type of questions carrying four marks each. (Attempt any
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Three)
SECTION − A
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Q.1. Select the correct alternatives and write the answers: [10]
i. If members of two populations have difference in the structure of reproductive organs, then this type
of isolation is called _______.
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(A) ethological (B) seasonal
(C) mechanical (D) habitat
ii. The primary precursor of Indole-3-Acetic acid is _______.
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(A) Tryptophan (B) Phenyl alanine

(C) Mevalonic acid (D) Methionine
iii. If only one DNA molecule is subjected to PCR and the time required for each cycle is three
minutes, then after five cycles, how many DNA molecules are obtained?
(A) 10 (B) 15
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(C) 32 (D) 64
iv. The specific gravity of CSF is _______.
(A) 1.005 (B) 1.02
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(C) 1.502 (D) 1.81

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v. Cardiac output of a person is 5400 ml and heart rate 72 per min. What will be his stroke volume?
(A) 65 ml (B) 74 ml
(C) 75 ml (D) 78 ml
vi. Detritus food chain starts from _______.
(A) producers (B) dead organic matter
(C) parasite (D) photosynthesis
vii. Plants absorb _______ water.
(A) gravitational (B) capillary
(C) combined (D) hygroscopic
viii. The organisms having tolerance for wide range of salinity are called _______.
(A) stenothermal (B) euryhaline
(C) stenohaline (D) eurythermal
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Biology
ix. Hisardale is a new breed of sheep developed by crossing _______.
(A) Bikaneri ram and Marino ewe (B) Bikaneri ram and Bikaneri ewe
(C) Marino ram and Bikaneri ewe (D) Marino ewe and Marino ram
x. Perforins are secreted by _______.
(A) Helper T-cells (B) Cytotoxic T-cells
(C) Suppressor T-cells (D) Memory T-cells
i. Mention the chromosome number having the mutated gene for β-Thalassemia.
ii. Which organ produces calcitriol?
iii. If the megaspore mother cell has 26 chromosomes, what will be the total number of
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chromosomes in endosperm of the same plant?
iv. Define the term − Facilitated diffusion.
v. Give reason − Energy pyramid is always upright.
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vi. What will be the base sequence on the template strand of DNA, which codes for methionine?
vii. Deficiency of which element causes Brown heart disease in plants?
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viii. Where are the cells of Rauber situated in the blastocyst of human embryo?
lic SECTION − B
Q.3. i. Give one example each of:
a. Autosomal dominant traits
b. Autosomal recessive traits
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ii. If a carrier woman marries a colorblind man, what will be the phenotype of their progeny?
Show in the form of a chart.
Q.4. Sketch the appropriate diagrams showing following chromosomal aberrations:
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i. deletion
ii. inversion
Q.5. Observe the following diagram of double circulation and identify A, B, C and D:
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Pulmonary Superior and

veins Heart
Inferior vena cava
Right Left
atrium atrium
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A B
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Right Left
ventricle ventricle
D C
Q.6. i. Select the names of fresh-water fishes from the given list:
Sardinella, Rastrelliger, Cirrhina, Harpadon, Labeo
ii. Write the economic importance of Lac (Any Two).
Q.7. i. Define the term − Ecological succession.
ii. What is the reason of eutrophication?
Q.8. i. Mention any two ill-effects of UV-rays on human beings.
ii. Give significance of Ecosan.
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Board Question Paper: July 2023
Q.9. What are oral vaccines?

Enlist the benefits of oral vaccines.
Q.10. What is vernalization?
Give the advantages of vernalization.
Q.11. Enlist the causes of biodiversity losses.
Q.12. Give role of hormones Relaxin and Inhibin.
Q.13. Sketch and label the diagram of a stoma showing kidney − shaped guard cells.
Q.14. Explain in brief the process of southern blotting and hybridization in DNA fingerprinting.
SECTION − C
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Q.15. i. Define − Palaeontology.
ii. Give any four points of significance of palaeontology.
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Q.16. i. What is pollination?
ii. Differentiate between Anaemophily and Entomophily with reference to :
a. pollinating agent
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b. stigma
c. nectar
d. fragrance lic
Q.17. i. Differentiate between hypotonic and hypertonic solutions.
ii. Mention the effect of exo-osmosis and endo-osmosis on shape of the cell.
iii. Give one difference between symplast and apoplast pathway.
Q.18. i. Mention the control measures to prevent ascariasis.
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ii. With appropriate terms, complete the following chart and rewrite it.
Sr. No. Name of disease Name of pathogen
_____ _____
a. ? Entamoeba histolytica
_____ _____
b. Typhoid ?
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_____ _____
c. ? Wuchereria bancrofti
_____ _____
d. ? Plasmodium species
Q.19. i. Define − Adaptation.
ii. Explain any two adaptations in Opuntia and Seal.
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Q.20. Match the disease resistant varieties given in Column-I with the crops in Column-II and rewrite:
Column-I Column-II
i. Himgiri a. Chilli
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ii. Pusa shubhra b. Wheat

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iii. Pusa sadabahar c. Cauliflower

d. Cotton
Q.21. i. Explain the qualitative and quantitative aspects of growth phenomenon.
ii. Explain the phase of cell maturation.
Q.22. i. What is co-dominance?
ii. If a red colored female cattle is crossed with a white male cattle, what will be the appearance
of progeny in F2 generation? Show the genotypes with the help of a chart.
Q.23. i. Give any two involuntary vital functions of medulla oblongata.
ii. Mention two functions of spinal cord.
Q.24. i. Define −Transcription.
ii. Write anticodons for the following triplet codons:
AUG, GAG, CUA, CCU
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Biology
Q.25. i. Mention the position of the following in human heart:
a. Eustachian valve
b. Bicuspid valve
ii. Differentiate between open and closed circulation with reference to:
a. blood pressure
b. exchange of material
Q.26. Draw a neat and proportionate diagram of Graafian follicle and label oocyte and antrum. Explain its
structure in brief.
SECTION − D
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Q.27. i. What is placenta?
ii. Give reason − Placenta is considered as a temporary endocrine gland.
iii. Give significance of hCG.
Q.28. Describe in brief the structural and hormonal changes during ovarian cycle.
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Q.29. i. Name the formed elements which are useful in blood coagulation. Give its normal number per
cubic milimeter (mm3) in human blood.
ii. Comment on the shape and secretion of the above mentioned formed elements.
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iii. Explain in brief the mechanism of blood coagulation.
Q.30. i. Give full form of the cloning vectors BAC and YAC.
ii. Write the appropriate palindrome for Eco RI and indicate by an arrow its recognition sequence.
iii.
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Give any four uses of gene therapy.
Q.31. Explain any four contrivances to prevent self pollination in plants with an appropriate example of
each type.
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BIOLOGY
(i) For each multiple choice type of question, it is mandatory to write the correct answer along with its
alphabet, e.g., (A) ……. / (B) ……. / (C) ……. / (D) ……. etc. No mark/s shall be given if ONLY the
correct answer or alphabet of the correct answer is written.
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(2) Section B: Q. No. 3 to 14 are short answer type of questions carrying two marks each. (Attempt any Eight)
(3) Section C: Q. No. 15 to 26 are short answer type of questions carrying three marks each. (Attempt any Eight)
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(4) Section D: Q. No. 27 to 31 are long answer type of questions carrying four marks each. (Attempt any Three)
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SECTION  A
i. Histones are rich in _______.
(A) Lysine and Arginine
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(C) Serine and Leucine (D) Phenyl alanine and Lysine
ii. How many mitotic divisions take place during the formation of a female gametophyte from a
functional megaspore?
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(A) One (B) Two
(C) Three (D) Four
iii. Which of the following is the only gaseous plant growth regulator?
(A) ABA (B) Cytokinin
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(C) Ethylene (D) Gibberellin

iv. The pH of nutrient medium for plant tissue culture is in the range of _______.
(A) 2 to 4.2 (B) 5 to 5.8
(C) 7 to 7.5 (D) 8 to 9.5
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v. Rivet Popper Hypothesis is an analogy to explain the significance of _______.

(A) Biodiversity (B) natality
(C) sex-ratio (D) age distribution ratio
vi. Which of the following group shows ZW-ZZ type of sex determination?
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(A) Pigeon, Parrot, Sparrow (B) Parrot, Bat, Fowl

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(C) Bat, Fowl, Crow (D) Sparrow, Fowl, Cat

vii. In Hamburger’s phenomenon, _______.
(A) Cl– diffuse into WBCs (B) Cl– diffuse into RBCs
(C) Na+ diffuse into RBCs (D) Na+ diffuse into WBCs
viii. Calcium and Phosphate ions are balanced between blood and other tissues by ______.
(A) Thymosin and Parathormone (B) Calcitonin and Somatostatin
(C) Collip’s hormone and Calcitonin (D) Calcitonin and Thymosin
ix. Identify the INCORRECT statement.
(A) In a flaccid cell, T.P. is zero (B) In a turgid cell, DPD is zero
(C) In a fully turgid cell, TP = OP (D) Water potential of pure water is negative
x. Which of the following is a hormone releasing contraceptive?
(A) Cu-T (B) Cu-7
(C) Multiload-375 (D) LNG-20
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Biology
i. Which disease is caused by HPV?
ii. Which device is used to clean both dust and gases from polluted air?
iii. Mention the name of sterile animal produced by intergeneric hybridisation.
iv. Give the name of first transgenic plant.
v. A child has low BMR, delayed puberty and mental retardation. Identify the disease.
vi. Identify ‘A’ in the given graph of population growth:
‘A’
(size or weight of the organism)
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Growth
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Lag phase
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Time
vii. Complete the following box with reference to symptoms of mineral deficiency:
Pre-mature fall of flowers,
Abscission
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fruits and leaves
Appearance of green and
non-green patches on leaves
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viii. Give an example of plant having both kidney and dumb-bell shaped guard cells in stomata.
SECTION  B
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Q.3. Define the terms:

a. Gross Primary Productivity
b. Net Primary Productivity
Q.4. Draw a neat diagram of thyroid gland and label thyroid follicle, follicular cells and blood capillaries.
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Q.5. i. Give reason – ABA is also known as antitranspirant.

ii. Explain the role of chlorophyllase enzyme in banana.
Q.6. Complete the chart showing human proteins produced by rDNA technology to treat human diseases
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and re-write.
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Disorders/diseases Recombinant Proteins

? Erythropoietin
Asthma ?
? Tissue plasminogen activator
Emphysema ?
Q.7. i. Define – Imbibition
ii. Explain how imbibition helps root hairs in adsorption of water.
Q.8. Draw a neat diagram of the conducting system of human heart and label AV node, Bundle of His
and Purkinje fibres.
Q.9. Distinguish between heterochromatin and euchromatin with reference to staining property and
activity.
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Q.10. Complete the following chart regarding energy flow in an Ecosystem and re-write:
? Herbivores
Primary Producer ?
? Man, Lion
Secondary consumer ?
Q.11. i. What is biofortification?
ii. Mention one example each of fortification with reference to –
a. Amino acid content b. Vitamin-C content
Q.12. Differentiate between X-chromosome and Y-chromosome with reference to –
i. length of non-homologous regions
ii. type as per position of centromere.
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Q.13. Define the terms:
i. Genetic drift
ii. Homologous organs
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Q.14. i. What is ex-situ conservation?
ii. Mention any two places where the ex-situ conservation is undertaken.
SECTION  C
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Q.15. i. Define – Incomplete dominance.
ii.
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If a red flowered Mirabilis jalapa plant is crossed with a white flowered plant, what will be
the phenotypic ratio in F2 generation? Show it by a chart.
Q.16. i. Differentiate between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system with reference to the
following:
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a. Pre and post ganglionic nerve fibres.
b. Effect on heart beat.
ii. Give reason – All spinal nerves are of mixed type.
Q.17. i. Draw a suitable diagram of replication of eukaryotic DNA and label any three parts.
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ii. How many amino acids will be there in the polypeptide chain formed on the following
mRNA?
5GCCACAUGGAGAUGACGACAAAAUUUUACUAGAAAA3
Q.18. Describe the steps in breathing.
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Q.19. i. What is spermatogenesis?

ii. Draw a neat and labelled diagram of spermatogenesis.
Q.20. i. What is a connecting link?
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ii. Which fossil animal is considered as the connecting link between reptiles and birds? Give any
one character of each class found in it.
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Q.21. Complete the following chart regarding population interaction and re-write:
Sr. No. Name of interaction Interaction between
_____ _____
1 ? Plasmodium and Man
_____ _____
2 ? Leopard and Lion
_____ _____
3 ? Clown fish and Sea-anemone
Q.22. i. What is composition of bio-gas?
ii. Mention any four benefits of bio-gas.
Q.23. i. Give reason – Water acts as thermal buffer.
ii. Draw a neat and proportionate diagram of root hair and label mitochondria, nucleus and
vacuole.
Q.24. Explain three main functions of free antibodies produced by B-lymphocytes.
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Biology
Q.25. i. Following are the diagrams of entry of pollen tube into ovule. Identify the type A and B.
Pollen tube
embryo sac
Pollen tube
Funicle
A B
ii. Give any four points of significance of double fertilization.
Q.26. i. Name the hormone which is responsible for apical dominance.
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ii. A farmer wants to remove broad-leaved weeds from the jowar plantation in his field. Suggest
any plant hormone to remove such weeds.
iii. Mention any two applications of cytokinin.
SECTION  D
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Q.27. i. What is blood pressure?
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ii. Give the name of the instrument which is used to measure the blood pressure.
iii. Differentiate between an artery and a vein with reference to lumen and thickness of wall.
Q.28. i. Describe any three adaptations in anemophilous flowers.
ii.
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Mention any one example of the anemophilous flower.
Describe any three adaptations in hydrophilous flowers.
Mention any one example of the hydrophilous flower.
Q.29. i. What is polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
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ii. Describe three steps involved in mechanism of PCR.
Q.30. i. Give any four significances of fertilization in human.
ii. Mention the names of any two organs each derived from ectoderm and mesoderm.
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Q.31. i. Give any two functions of cerebellum.

ii. Write the names of any four motor cranial nerves with their appropriate serial number.
iii. Which hormones stimulate liver for glycogenesis and glucogenolysis?
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\ Board Question Paper: July 2022
BOARD QUESTION PAPER: JULY 2022

BIOLOGY
(i) For each multiple choice type of question, it is mandatory to write the correct
answer along with its alphabet, e.g., (a) ……. / (b) ……. / (c) ……. / (d) ……. etc.
No mark/s shall be given if ONLY the correct answer or alphabet of the correct
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answer is written.
Q. No. 2 contains Eight very short answer type of questions carrying one mark
each.
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(2) Section B: Q. No. 3 to 14 are short answer type of questions carrying two marks each.
(3) Section C: Q. No. 15 to 26 are short answer type of questions carrying three marks each.
(4) Section D: Q. No. 27 to 31 are long answer type of questions carrying four marks each.
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SECTION − A
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(i) In lac operon the structural gene z codes for _______ enzyme.
(a) β-galactosidase (b) β-galactoside permease
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(c) transacetylase (d) RNA polymerase
(ii) The special hygroscopic tissue found in the aerial roots of some epiphytic plants is _______.
(a) velamen (b) epiblema
(c) endodermis (d) xylem
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(iii) Due to specific mating behaviour, the members of population do not mate in _______ type of
isolation.
(a) Ecological (b) Seasonal
(c) Ethological (d) Mechanical
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(iv) The sequence of nitrogenous bases on DNA molecule is ATCGA. Which of the following is
the correct complementary sequence of nitrogenous bases on mRNA Molecule?
(a) TAGCT (b) TAGCA
(c) UAGCU (d) UACGU
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(v) The oral vaccine for prevention of typhoid recommended by WHO is _______.
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(a) typhoid polysaccharide (b) typhin V

(c) typherix (d) Ty2la
(vi) The large holes in Swiss cheese are developed due to the production of large amounts of
_______.
(a) O2 (b) CO2
(c) N2 (d) H2
(vii) Miyawaki is a method of plantation adapted by the government for the project mission Harit
Kranti from the country.
(a) Japan (b) Bhutan
(c) China (d) America
(viii) In ecological succession, the _______ community does not evolve further.
(a) seral (b) pioneer
(c) intermediate (d) climax
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Biology
(ix) Which of the following sets or organisms are used as cloning organisms in plant
biotechnology?
(a) E.coli and Rhizobium (b) E.coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens
(c) Azobacterium and Rhizobium (d) E.coli and Azobacterium
(x) Aspergillus niger is the microbial source of _______.
(a) Vitamin C (b) Vitamin B2
(c) Vitamin B12 (d) Vitamin B6
(i) Write the name of the small molecule required to initiate / start the process of synthesis of
new complementary strand during replication of DNA.
(ii) Name the country where industrial melanism was observed in moths due to industrialization.
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(iii) Give the other name for epidermal cells in roots of plants.
(iv) Name the hormone used for early rooting in propagation by cutting.
(v) In human pharynx, there is a set of lymphoid organs called _______.
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(vi) State the other name for Dentist’s nerve.
(vii) Name the type of Mycorrhiza that grows in between and within the cortical cells of root.
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(viii) Identify the part labelled ‘A’ in the given diagram:
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SECTION − B
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Q.3. Sketch and label the diagram of ovule most commonly seen in angiosperms.
Q.4. Explain “Law of dominance” with suitable example.
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Q.5. A woman is unable to conceive due to blockage in her upper segment of oviduct. State the infertility
treatment to be given to her and describe it.
Q.6. Identify the types of chromosomal aberrations in the following figures A, B, C, D:
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A B C D E FG H A BCE FGH
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A B C D E FG H A BC B C D E F GH
B
A B C DE FG H AD CB E FG H
C
AB C D E FGH M N OC D E F G H
D
Q.7. The process of transcription takes place on a part of DNA molecule known as transcription unit.
Draw a well labelled diagram of the same showing different regions of the unit.
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Q.8. Identify labels A, B, C, D:
I
Multiplication
Phase
(Mitotic
divisions)
II A
Growth B
Phase
I Polar body (n)
III
Maturation
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Phase
D
C
Q.9. Mach the pairs and rewrite:
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Column I Column II
(a) Connecting link between ape and man (1) Homo erectus
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(b) Ape man (2) Homo habilis
(c) Handy man like (3) Neanderthal man
(d) Advanced prehistoric man (4) Australopithecus
Q.10. Define polyembryony. State its different types.

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Q.11. Which are the major abiotic factors that influence habitat?
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Q.12. Identify A and B in the given diagram and explain T wave.
Atria Ventricles
+2
B
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S-T
+1 segment
Millivolts
T
A
0
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-1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
Time (sec)
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Q.13. Water acts as a thermal buffer. Justify the statement.
Q.14. The following diagram indicates which type of interaction? Write a note on the same.
Alga
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Biology
SECTION − C

Q.15. Suresh is doing his studies on a plant related to absorption of water. He found different forms of
water available in the soil.
(i) Name them.
(ii) Which form of water is absorbed by the plants?
(iii) Name the region in the soil from where roots absorb water.
Q.16. Name the stress hormone in plants. Describe its physiological effects.
Q.17. (a) Sketch and label the diagram of brain to show ventricles in coronal plane.
(b) Name the cavity which is continuation of IV ventricle.
ns
Q.18. Complete the following chart and rewrite:
Blood Group Genotype Antigen on the Surface of RBC Antibody in serum
A IAIA or IAIO – –
– IBIB or IBIO B a
io
AB – A and B (Nil)
– IOIO (Nil) –
at
Q.19. Explain the various steps of biogas production.
Q.20. How ‘melt in mouth’ vaccines are administered? Mention any two benefits of the same.
Q.21. Enumerate or enlist the various levels of biodiversity. Explain any one of it.
lic
Q.22. Write down various sequential stages of hydrarch succession in plants after phytoplankton stage.
Q.23. With the help of a suitable example, write the mechanism of hormone action through membrane
receptors.
ub
Q.24. Classify the given proteins produced by rDNA technology to treat various diseases in human and
rewrite as shown in the table:
Disorders / Diseases / Health Conditions Recombinant Protein (s)
Atherosclerosis Platelet derived growth factor
tP
Anaemia
Parturition
Blood clots
Diabetes
ge
Haemophilia A
Haemophilia B
(Factor VIII, Insulin, Relaxin, Factor IX, Erythropoietin, Tissue plasminogen activator)
Q.25. Write a note on transport of carbon dioxide by bicarbonate ions at tissue level.
r
Q.26. Anita observed apical dominance in her plant. Name and describe the plant hormone that will
Ta
reverse the effect.
SECTION − D

Q.27. (a) Kabban Park in Bengaluru is having dull flowers with strong fragrance, abundant nectar and
edible pollen grains. Identify the type of pollination, the flowers are adapted for.
(b) The process of fruit formation without fertilization is termed as _______.
(c) Differentiate between albuminous and exalbuminous seeds.
Q.28. Give reasons :
(a) Though fertilization takes place in the ampulla of fallopian tube, implantation of embryo
takes place after reaching the uterus only.
(b) Corpus luteum persists in the ovary after fertilization.
(c) Explain the role of oxytocin hormone and describe the dilation stage of parturition.
44

Q.29. Give the graphic representation of back cross and test cross. Differentiate between them.
Q.30. (a) Name the nerve fibres internally connecting the cerebral hemispheres.
(b) Name the sulci which divide each cerebral hemisphere into 4 lobes.
(c) Describe the various functional areas found in the different lobes of cerebral hemispheres.
Q.31. (a) Describe the structure of lymphocytes and mention its types.
(b) Name the disorder caused due to abnormal and uncontrolled increase in number of WBCs.
(c) State the functions of neutrophils.
ns
io
at
lic
ub
tP
r ge
Ta
5


BIOLOGY
1. Section A: Q. No. 1 contains Ten multiple choice type of questions carrying one mark each.
i. For each multiple choice type of question, it is mandatory to write the correct answer along
with its alphabet, e.g., (a) ……. / (b) ……. / (c) ……. / (d) ……. etc. No mark/s shall be
given if ONLY the correct answer or alphabet of the correct answer is written.
ii. In case of MCQ, evaluation will be done for the first attempt only.
2. Section B: Q. No. 3 to 14 are short answer type of questions carrying two marks each.
3. Section C: Q. No. 15 to 26 are short answer type of questions carrying three marks each.
4. Section D: Q. No. 27 to 31 are long answer type of questions carrying four marks each.
5. Begin the answer of each section on a new page.
SECTION  A
i. How many meiotic and mitotic divisions occur during the development of male gametophyte from
the microspore mother cell?
(A) One meiotic and two mitotic
(B) Two meiotic only
(C) Two mitotic only
(D) One mitotic and one meiotic
ii. During replication of DNA, the separated strands are prevented from recoiling by using _______.
(A) single strand binding protein (B) reverse transcriptase
(C) endonuclease (D) polymerase
iii.
A B C DE FG H A D CB E FG H
Which event is represented by the above diagram, related to chromosomal aberrations?

(A) Deletion (B) Duplication
(C) Inversion (D) Translation
iv. _______ hormone responsible for efflux of k+ ions from guard cells and act as antitranspirant.
(A) Gibberellins (B) Cytokinin
(C) Ethylene (D) Abscissic acid
v. Test tube baby technique is called _______.
(A) In-vitro fertilization (B) In-situ fertilization
(C) In-vivo fertilization (D) Artificial insemination
vi. While playing cricket Raju faces problem of severe pain and heaviness in the chest. Pain spreads
from neck, lower jaw, left arm and to left shoulder. From above symptoms identify disease
(A) Malaria (B) Angina pectoris
(C) Kidney failure (D) Typhoid
vii. _______ layer is in close contact of CNS in human being.
(A) Cranium (B) Dura matter
(C) Arachnoid matter (D) Pia matter
1

Std. XII: Biology

viii. Cellular factors in innate immunity is provided by ______.
(A) phagocytes (B) antibody
(C) T - lymphocyte (D) B - lymphocyte
ix. Pick out the appropriate association representing brood parasitism.
(A) Hermit crab and sea anemone (B) Asian koel and common Indian crow
(C) Algae and fungi (D) Buffalo and cattle egret
x. Annealing step of PCR, operates at _______ °C.
(A) 90 – 98 (B) 40 – 60
(C) 70 – 75 (D) 100 – 120
i. Name the part of gynoecium that determines the compatibility of pollen grains.
ii. Which is the primary precursor of IAA in plants?
iii. Name the cell which is responsible for nitrogen fixation in cyanobacteria.
iv. How many Biodiversity hotspots have been identified around the world?
v. Name the plant disease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
vi. Identify the trophoblast cells which are in contact with embryonal knob during blastulation.
vii. From the given diagram, identify the type of population growth curve:
Population size
Time
viii. What do you mean by Pioneer species?
SECTION  B
Q.3. Identify A, B, C, D, in the given diagram of human reproductive system:
C
D
B
Q.4. Identify chromosomal disorder caused due to non-disjunction of 21st number of chromosome and
enlist its symptoms.
Q.5. Write the aims of human genome project.
Q.6. Match the parts of ovule given in column I with parts of seed given in column II:
Column I Column II
(a) egg (1) testa
(b) nucellus (2) tegmen
(c) outer integument (3) perisperm
(d) inner integument (4) embryo
2

Q.7. Enlist the characteristics of Neanderthal Man.

Q.8. Define the following:
(a) Gravitational water (b) Hygroscopic water
(c) Combined water (d) Capillary water
Q.9. Give different properties of water.
Q.10. A person met with a small accident and bleeds, but very soon stops bleeding. Explain the
physiological process responsible for this.
Q.11. Match the antibiotics in column I with their microbial sources in column II:
Column I Column II
(a) Chloromycetin (1) Streptomyces griseus
(b) Erythromycin (2) Streptomyces aurifaciens
(c) Streptomycin (3) Streptomyces Venezuelae
(d) Terramycin (4) Streptomyces erythreus
Q.12. Abscissic acid is the common name given to two identical substances isolated separately. Name
them. Give the chemical features of abscissic acid.
Q.13. What are the effects of biotechnology with relation to human health?
Q.14. Give the adaptations shown by desert animals.
SECTION  C
Q.15. Explain natural selection with example of industrial melanism.
Q.16. Describe physiological effect and applications of gaseous hormone in plants.
Q.17. What is ecological succession?
Name various seral stages from pioneer species to climax community with suitable example in
hydrarch succession.
Q.18. With the help of a neat, labelled diagram describe the structure of root hair.
Q.19. Complete the following flow diagram of double circulation:
Heart
Right
atrium
Lungs Body organs
Left
ventricle
Pulmonary circulation Systemic circulation
Q.20. Distinguish between hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.

Q.21. Give the applications of DNA fingerprinting.
Q.22. Write a note on In-situ and Ex-situ conservation.
Q.23. Explain the properties of nerve fibres.
Q.24. Give the causative agent, mode of transmission and symptoms of typhoid.
3

Std. XII: Biology

Q.25. Match the following products with their microbial sources:
Products Microbial Sources
(a) Vitamin B2 (1) Rhizopus arrhizus
(b) Fumaric acid (2) Candida lipolytica
(c) Vitamin B12 (3) Trichoderma Konigii
(d) Lipase (4) Neurospora gossypii
(e) Cellulase (5) Psuedomonas denitrificans
(f) Citric Acid (6) Aspergillus niger
Q.26. Explain any three examples of biopiracy.
SECTION  D
Q.27. With the help of neat and labelled diagrams, distinguish between artery and vein.
Q.28. State the names of hormone and glands secreting them:
(a) Growth of thyroid gland.
(b) Controls tubular absorption of water in kidney.
(c) Stimulates liver and muscles for glycogenesis.
(d) Development of immune system and maturation of T-lymphocyte.
Q.29. Describe outbreeding devices which encourages cross pollination.
Q.30. Explain the law of dominance and compare how it differs from incomplete dominance and
co-dominance.
Q.31. Describe hormonal control in various phases of menstrual cycle.
4
महारा शासन
द.ु ०२०२४४७६९३८ शालेय श ण व डा वभाग
Email- रा य शै णक संशोधन व श ण प रषद,महारा
sciencedept@maa.ac.in ७०८ सदा शव पेठ, कुमठे कर माग, पण
ु े ४११०३०.
नपेढ (Question Bank) 2023
इय ा:- बारावी
मा यम:- इं जी
वषय:- जीवशा (Biology)
सच
ू ना-
1.सदर नपेढ ह १००% अ यास मावर तयार कर यात आल आहे .
2.सदर नपेढ तील न हे अ धक या सरावासाठ असन ू नसंचातील न बोडा या

नप केत येतीलच असे नाह , याची न द यावी.
1
Subject -BIOLOGY (56)
INDEX
Sr. No. Name of Chapter Page no.

1. REPRODUCTION IN LOWER AND HIGHER PLANTS 3
2. REPRODUCTION IN LOWER AND HIGHER ANIMALS 6

3. INHERITANCE AND VARIATION 10
4. MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE 12
E
5. ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF LIFE 15
6. PLANT WATER RELATION 18
N
7. PLANT GROWTH AND MINERAL NUTRITION 21
8. RESPIRATION AND CIRCULATION 26

9. U
CONTROL AND COORDINATION 30
,P
10. HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASES 34
11. ENHANCEMENT OF FOOD PRODUCTION 37

M
12. BIOTECHNOLOGY 41
13. ORGANISMS AND POPULATION 43

RT
14. ECOSYSTEMS AND ENERGY TRANSFER 45

15. BIODIVERSITY, CONSERVATION AND 47
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
E
SC
2
1. REPRODUCTION IN LOWER AND HIGHER PLANTS
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (1 MARK EACH)
1 The outer layer of pollen grain is thick and made up of complex

,non-biodegradable substance called as………………….
A. lignin
B. cellulose
C. pectin
D. Sporopollenin
2 Sporoderm is made up of ………….
A. exosporium and endosporium
B. outer integuments and inner integument
C. testa and tegmen
D. exine and intine
3 The number of meiotic and mitotic divisions necessary for development of
E
female gametophyte in angiosperms is...
A. 1 meiosis and 2 mitosis
N
B. 1 mitosis and 3 meiosis
C. 1 meiosis and 1 mitosis
D. 1 meiosis and 3 mitosis.
4
U
Identify the odd one with respect to pollinating agent.
A. Baobab
B. Bottle brush
,P
C. Kadamb
D. Sausage
5 In vitro pollen germination and pollen tube elongation can be induced by—
A. boric acid
M
B. glucose
C. lactose
D. sucrose
RT
6 Self-incompatibility is found in flowers of plants…..

A. Calotropis
B. maize
C. Thea
D. Gloriosa
E
7 Porogamy refers to the entry of a pollen tube through…..

A. integuments
B. chalaza
SC
C. micropyle
D. stigma
8 ……… is an example of helobial endosperm.
A. Adoxa
B. coconut
C. Asphodelus
D. sunflower
9 The single shield shaped cotyledon in monocot seed is known as ……
A. coleoptile
B. scutellum
C. aleurone layer
D. perisperm
10 The example of dicot endospermic seed is ….
A. castor B. pea
C. mango D. bean
3
11 Grafting is not possible in monocots because of ---
A. scattered vascular bundles
B. open vascular bundles
C. radial vascular bundles
D. absence of cambium
12 Conidia formation is commonly seen in
A. Amoeba
B. Paramecium
C. Sponges
D. Penicillium
13 Which of the following is not the method of asexual reproduction?
A. Budding
B. Fragmentation
C. Sowing
D. Binary fission
E
14 The plant part used for raising stem in grafting is –
A. Scion
B. Stock
N
C. Leafy shoot
D. Any plant part
1 What is reproduction?
U
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (1 MARK EACH)
,P
2. What are clones?
3 Give example of organism which produces zoospore.
4 Why anther is called as tetrasporangiate structure?
M
5 At which stage pollen grains are shed from the anther in Angiosperms?
6 What is hilum with respect to ovule?
7 What is protandry?
8 Name any one plant in which double fertilization was discovered?
RT
9 Why fertilization process in angiosperms is called as double fertilization?

10 Which is the most common type of endosperm in angiospermic families?
11 What is the role of suspensor during the development of embryo?
12 What is adventive polyembryony?
13 Name the hormone produced by an unfertilised ovary responsible for
E
enlargement of ovary into fruit.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE (SA-I) QUESTIONS (2 MARK EACH)

SC
1 Explain any two methods of asexual reproduction.

2 Explain grafting as a method of artificial method of vegetative reproduction.
3 Draw a well labelled diagram of T.S. anther.
4 Describe the structure of pollen grain.
5 Draw a well labelled diagram of male gametophyte of angiosperms.
6 Describe the structure of female gametophyte of angiosperms.
7 Mention various adaptations for wind pollination.
8 What are the different adaptations shown by bird pollinated flowers?
9 Explain heterostyly and herkogamy with suitable example.
10 Give the significance of double fertilization.
11 Mention significance of fruit and seed formation.
12 Give an account of polyembryony.
4
SHORT ANSWER TYPE (SA-II) QUESTIONS (3 MARKS EACH)
1 Explain various methods of vegetative reproduction.

2 How cutting, grafting and tissue culture is useful to humans?
3 Describe internal structure of anther (diagram is not expected).
4 Explain the development of male gametophyte in angiosperms (diagram is not
expected).
5 Explain water pollination in detail with its types.
6 Give an account of any two biotic agents for pollination along with their
adaptations.
7 Explain any two contrivances or outbreeding devices for pollination.
8 Describe the process of fertilization in angiosperms with the help of diagram.
9 Write a note on different types of endosperms in angiosperms.
10 Describe the development of dicot embryo in flowering plants.
11 Draw a well labelled diagram of monocot seed you have studied.
E
12 Explain various categories of apomixis.
LONG ANSWER TYPE (LA) QUESTIONS (4 MARKS EACH)
N
1 Explain various horticultural methods of vegetative reproduction with the help of
labelled diagram.
2
3
U
Describe the structure of anatropus ovule with the help of labelled diagram.
Describe the development of female gametophyte of angiosperms with the help
of diagram.
,P
4 Give an account of various abiotic agencies used in pollination along with their
adaptations for pollination.
5 Give an account of pollen pistil interaction in detail.
M
6 Describe the process of double fertilization in angiosperms and add a note on its
significance.
E RT
SC
5
2. REPRODUCTION IN LOWER AND HIGHER ANIMALS
1 The primary sex organ in human males is
A. prostate gland
B. seminal vesicle
C. penis
D. testis
2 Seminal fluid is ------- in nature.
A. acidic
B. neutral
C. sugary
D. alkaline
3 Which of the following is not a part of uterus?
A. body
B. cervix
E
C. fundus
D. cornua
4 Meanrch, menstrual cycle and menopause are controlled by-----
N
A. thyrotropic hormone
B. gonadotropic hormone
C. somatotropic hormone
5
D. corticotropin
Nebenkern is ---------
A. acrosome of sperm
U
,P
B. neck of sperm
C. middle piece of sperm
D. mitochondrion of sperm
M
6 Nervous system develops from……. of embryonic layer.

A. endoderm
B. chorion
C. ectoderm
RT
D. mesoderm
7 The average period of pregnancy in human lasts for……. days of pregnancy.
A. 280
B. 270
C. 266
E
D. 290
8 ……… is not a permanent method of birth control.
A. vasectomy
SC
B. tubectomy
C. withdrawal
D. castration
9 The organism which causes Gonorrhoea is……
A. Trepenoma
B. Neisseria
C. Entamoeaba
D. Salmonella
10 How many pairs of testis are present in human male?
A. 2 pairs
B. 1 pair
C. only one testis
D. only one ovary
6
11. The animals produced by asexual reproduction are ................ to their
parents.
A. genetically similar
B. morphologically similar
C. morphologically and genetically similar
D. neither morphologically nor genetically similar
12 Asexual reproduction by gemmule formation occurs in ................

A.Sponges
B.. Hydra
C.Yeast
E
D. Planaria
13 The aggregate of dormant cells capable of developing into new organism in
N
gemmule is called as
A. Archesporial cells
Archegonial cells
C. Archaeocytes
D. Sporogenous tissue
U
,P
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (1 MARK EACH)
1 What is gemmule?
M
2 By which method corals reproduce?

3 Name the enzyme secreted by the prostate gland.
4 What is glans penis?
5 What is atresia with respect to ovary in human females?
RT
6 Name the hydrolytic enzyme secreted by the acrosome.

7 What is morula?
8 What is the function of inner cell mass?
9 Name the embryonic layer from which heart, blood and blood vessels develop.
10 Identify the permanent birth control method in the given diagram.
E
SC
11 What is the use of tablet ‘Saheli’?

12 Identify the IUD in the given diagram.
7
SHORT ANSWER TYPE (SA-I) QUESTIONS (2 MARKS EACH)
E
1 Draw a well labelled diagram of gemmule.
2 Write a note on budding.
N
3 Draw a well labelled diagram of L.S. human testis.
4 Describe the structure of Graafian follicle.
5 Write a short note on fallopian tube.
6
7
8
U
Give an account of external genitalia in human females.
Explain the structure of secondary oocyte.
Write an account of cleavage during embryonic development in humans.
,P
9 Identify the parts labelled in the given diagram.
M
E RT
10 What is lactation? Which hormone is responsible for its regular secretion?

11 Mention any two different goals of RCH programme.
SC
12 What is MTP? Upto which month it is permitted?
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (SA-II) (3 MARKS EACH)
1 Explain various methods of asexual reproduction in lower animals.

2 Describe the histology of testis with help of labelled diagram.
3 Identify the labels from the given diagram.
8
4 Describe the histological structure of human ovary (diagram not expected).
5 Explain the structure of human sperm with labelled diagram.
6 Describe the process of oogenesis in human female.
7 Write a note on implantation.
8 Human pregnancy shows three prominent trimesters. Answer the following
E
question based on these trimester.
i) What is morning sickness during first trimester?
N
ii) Name the hormone secrete in second trimester.
iii) The organ which secretes hormone in second trimester is…
9 Explain the process of parturition.
10
11 U
Explain any three measures to achieve goals of RCH.
Explain any three methods that can be used to overcome infertility.
,P
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS(LA) (4 MARKS EACH)
1 Write an account of seminal vesicle and bulbourethral gland in male

M
reproductive system.
2 Explain ovarian cycle with its different phases.
3 Describe the process of spermatogenesis with the help of a diagram.
4 Explain mechanism of fertilization in humans.
RT
5 Write in detail any four temporary methods of birth control.

E
SC
9
3. INHERITANCE AND VARIATION

1 The three principles of Mendelism are
A. Dominance, segregation and independent assortment
B. Linkage, segregation and independent
assortment
C .Linkage, dominance and segregation
D. Linkage, dominance and Independent assortment.
2 Which one of the following is back cross?
A. F1 × F1
B. F1 × Recessive parent
C. F1 × Dominant parent
D. F1 × Any parent
3 RR (Red) Antirrhinum is crossed with white (WW) one. Offspring (RW) are
E
pink .This is an example of
A. Dominant -recessive
B. Incomplete dominance
N
C. Hybrid
D. Supplementary genes
4 The word chromosome was coined by
A. Benda
B. Waldeyer
C. Robert Hooke
U
,P
D. T.H.Morgan
5 Nullisomy is represented by.....
A. (2n-1)
M
B. (2n-2)
C.(2n+1)
D.(2n+2)
6 Identify the odd one:-
RT
A. Monoploidy
B.Diploidy
C.Polyploidy
D.Hyperploidy
7 In humans, the sex chromosome complement is
E
A.XX-XY
B. XX-XO
C.ZZ-ZO
SC
D. ZW-ZZ
8 A family has five daughters and expecting sixth child. The chance of its beings
a son is ……
A. zero
B.25%
C.50%
D. 100%
9 In human beings 45 chromosomes/single X/XO abnormality causes
A. Down's syndrome
B. Klinfelter's syndrome
C. Turner's syndrome
D. Edward's syndrome
10 Webbed neck is characteristic of … syndrome.
A.XXX B. YY
C. XXY D. XO
10
1 Define inheritance.
2 What is allelomorph?
3 What is test cross?
4 Define euploidy.
5 Give an example of complete linkage.
6 How many linkage groups are present in Drosophila melanogaster?
7 Which genes show straight inheritance?
8 How drones are produced in honey bees?
9 What is the reason for 21st trisomy?
10 Give the example of X- monosomy you have studied.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (SA-I) (2 MARKS EACH)
E
1 Discuss any two points due to which Mendel got success in his experiment?
2 Give any two points of difference between homozygous and heterozygous.
N
3 Explain test cross with suitable example and state its ratios.
4 Give an account of incomplete dominance with suitable example.
5 Explain codominance in colour coat in cattle with checker board method.
6
7
8
Write a note on sex linkage.
U
Write an account of chromosomal theory of inheritance.
Differentiate between complete and incomplete linkage.

,P
9 Explain mechanism of sex determination in birds.
10 Give a detailed account of thalassemia.
M
1 Enlist dominant and recessive characters in pea plant with respect to position of
flower, colour of seed and colour of pod in tabulated form.
RT
2 Give an account of pleiotropy with suitable example.

3 Describe the structure of sex chromosomes with the help of labelled diagram.
4 What is autosomal inheritance? Explain different disorders due to autosomal
inheritance.
5 Explain the inheritance pattern of colour blindness with suitable chart.
E
6 Write a note on bleeder’s disease and its inheritance with a suitable chart.
7 Explain the mechanism of sex determination in humans with suitable chart.
8 Write a note on Down’s syndrome.
SC
9 What are the different characters that develop due to Klinfelter’s syndrome?
10 Give reasons for development of Turner’s syndrome and also mention its
symptoms.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (LA) (4 MARKS EACH)
1 Define inheritance. Give statements for various laws of inheritance.
2 Explain intragenic and intergenic interaction with the help of example.
3 Explain structure of chromosomes with labelled diagram.
4 Give a detailed account of sex linked inheritance.
5 Give an account of one Mendelian and one chromosomal disorder you have
studied.
11
4. MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE
1 Find the odd one out:

A H 2A
B H3
C H2B
D H1
2 What happened when heat killed S-cells along with live R-cells were injected
into mice?
A Mice died and showed live S-cells
B Mice survived and showed live S-cells
C Mice died and showed live R-cells
D Mice died and showed dead R-cells
3 Find out the double ring compound :
E
A Adenine
B Uracil
N
C Cytosine
D Thymine
4 If a DNA has 20 Adenine and 30 cytosine bases. What will be the total
A 20
B 50
U
number of purine bases in the given sample?
,P
C 30
D 100
5 Semiconservative mechanism of DNA was detected using:
A 35S
M
B 14C
C 32P
D 15N
RT
6 A template strand of DNA has base sequence CATGATTAC. New strand

synthesized on it will be :
A GATCAUATG
B GTACTAACG
C GAACTAATG
E
D GTACTAATG
7 During DNA replication, the separated strands of DNA are prevented from
recoiling by
SC
A DNA primase
B Sigma factor
C Rho-factor
D SSBP
8 In which of the following synthesis of DNA strand is not involved directly?
A m RNA
B t RNA
C Another DNA strand
D Protein
9 Wobble hypothesis is related with
A Ambiguity in codon
B Purine pyrimidine equality
C Genetic code is triplet
D Degeneracy of genetic code and economy of tRNA molecules in the cell
12
10 During elongation of polypeptide chain, sigma factor is :
A Functionless
B Retained for specific function
C Released for re-use
D Required during closing of chain
11 Enzyme required for peptide formation is :
A Peptidase
B Peptidyl transferase
C Nitrogenase
D Nitrate reductase
12 Exon segments are reunited after splicing by
A RNA primase
B RNA protease
C RNA polymerase
D RNA ligase
E
13 In lac operon, lactose acts as:
A Inducer
B Co-inducer
N
C Repressor
D Co-repressor
14 A unit of lac-operon which in the absence of lactose, suppresses the activity
of operator gene is :
A Structural gene
B Regulatory gene
U
,P
C Repressor protein
D Promoter gene
15 A DNA segment has 75 cytosine and 40 thymine nucleotides. What shall be
TM
the total number of phosphates in the DNA segment?

A 115
B 230
C 75
D 220
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS ( 1 MARK EACH)
ER
1 What is the principle of DNA profiling?

2 What is the use of southern blotting in DNA fingerprinting?
3 Enlist the genes in Lac operon
4 What is meant by an operon?
5 AUG codon gives _______________ & ___________ amino acids in
SC
prokaryotes & Eukaryotes respectively.

6 What is meant by activation of amino acids?
7 What is the role of Mg++ in Translation?
8 What are the different types of mutations?
9 Enlist the names of enzymes used in semiconservative replication of DNA?
10 What is central dogma of molecular biology?
11 What type of isotopes used in semiconservative replication experiments?
12 What is the function of RNA primer?
13 What is the function of SSBP?
14 Define RFLP’
15 Define Heterochromatin
13
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS(SA-I) (2 MARKS EACH)
1 Differentiate between Heterochromatin & Euchromatin’

2 How t-RNA acts as an adapter molecule? Explain in detail with the help of a
diagram.
3 Define mutation. State its two types
4 Describe Hershey-Chase experiment in detail.
5 Explain the role of Lactose as inducer in Lac-operon.
6 Draw neat and labelled diagram of Nucleosome.
7 Write a note on: packaging of DNA in prokaryotes.
8 Write a note on: packaging of DNA in Eukaryotes.
9 Explain Avery, McCarty and MacLeod’s experiment in detail
10 Draw neat and labelled diagram of Replication Fork.
E
1 Explain the Griffith’s experiment in detail with diagram.
2 Describe any three characteristics of Genetic code.
N
3 Mention any three objectives of Human Genome project.
4 Explain different step involved in DNA Fingerprinting.
5 Draw a neat and labelled diagram of transcription and processing of hn-RNA
6
7
experiment.
U
Draw a neat and labelled diagram explaining Meselson’s and Stahl’s
How Meselson and Stahl explained the concept of Semiconservative

,P
Replication of DNA experimentally?
8 Explain the concept of operon.
9 Give diagrammatic representation of Lac-operon in the presence of an
TM
inducer.
10 Define Genomics. Give any two applications of genomics.
1 Describe the process of semiconservative replication of DNA with the help of

ER
neat and labelled diagram.

2 Describe the mechanism of translation with the help of a neat and labelled
diagram.
3 Explain processing of hn-RNA with the help of neat and labelled diagrams.
4 With respect to lac- operon explain the following terms:-
i) regulator gene
SC
ii) promoter gene

iii) structural gene
iv) inducer
5 Define DNA fingerprinting? State any three applications of it.
14
5. ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF LIFE
1 ____________ is considered as connecting link between ape and man.

A Australopithecus
B Homo habilis
C Homo erectus
D Neanderthal man
2 Humans are most closely related to _________.
A Marsupial
B Lemur
C Chimpanzees
D Tarsier
3 The proportion of an allele in the gene pool to the total number of alleles at a
given locus is called ___________.
E
A gene pool
B gene frequency
N
C gene flow
D genetic drift
4 Transfer of a part of chromosome or set of genes to a non-homologous
A deletion
B duplication
U
chromosome is called ___________.
,P
C inversion
D translocation
5 Any random fluctuation in allele frequency, occurring in the natural population
by pure chance is called __________.
TM
A gene pool
B gene mutation
C genetic recombination
D genetic drift
6 One major criticism against Darwin’s theory is that It does not
ER
A. Does not explain survival of fittest

B. The better adapted individuals are selected by nature
C. It is unable to explain the ‘arrival of fittest’
D. Reproductive capacity of organism
7 The correct binomial expansion of (p+q)2 for Hardy-Weinberg’s principle is
A. 2p+pq+q2
SC
B. p2+2pq+q
C. p2+2pq+q2
D. p2+pq+q2
8 Homologous organs have ..................
A. Dissimilar ancestry and dissimilar structure
B. Similar ancestry but similar or dissimilar functions
C. Dissimilar ancestry and dissimilar function
D. Dissimilar ancestry and similar functions
9 In which epoch rise of monocots was seen?
A. Miocene
B. Oligocene
C. Eocene
D. Palaeocene
15
10 Which of the following is not the vestigial organ?
A. Third eye
B. Coccyx
C. Wisdom teeth
D. Brain
11. Wings of bird and wings of butterfly are-
A. Vestigial organ
B. Analogous organs
C. homologous organs
D. similar structures
12 The plant used by Lamarck to explain his postulates was
A. Morning prime rose
B. Pea plant
C. Evening prime rose
E
D. Drosophila
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (1MARK EACH)
N
1 What is abiogenesis?
2 Which theory explains the continuity of life but not the origin of life?
3
4
5
What are protobionts?
U
Why ‘hot dilute soup’ did not show any degradation?
What was the proportion of methane, ammonia and hydrogen in Urey and
,P
Miller’s experiment?
6 What is the major evidence in support of RNA world hypothesis?
7 Define natural selection.
TM
8 Define mutation.
9 What is speciation?
10 Which epoch represents ‘age of mammals?
11 Define the term ‘Mendelian population’.
12 Define Gene pool.
13 Name the ancestor of human also known as man with ape brain.
ER
14 Name the ancestor of human nicknamed as Handy man

15 Whose fossils were discovered at the site of Shivalik hills, India?
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (SA-I) ( 2MARKS EACH)
1 Write a note on coacervates?

SC
2 Draw a labelled diagram of Urey-Miller’s experiment.

3 Mention any four points that support RNA world hypothesis.
4 Give various evidences in support of Darwinism.
5 Enlist various objections to Darwin’s theory.
6 What are the main features of mutation theory?
7 Write a note on genetic drift.
8 Explain directional selection with the help of labelled diagram.
9 Explain any two types of fossils and mention two points of significance of
palaeontology.
10 Differentiate between analogous and homologous organs.
11 Explain various molecular evidences in support of organic evolution.
12 Differentiate between allopatric and sympatric species.
13 Mention any two developments in human which helped him to move around
safely on land.
16
14 Distinguish New world and old-world monkeys based on their tail along with
their examples.
15 What is hybrid sterility?
16 What led to better utilization of hands for holding objects effectively and better
motor skills?
17 Describe modern man.
18 Distinguish between Australopithecus and Neanderthal man
19 Distinguish between Homo erectus and Neanderthal man
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (SA-II) ( 3MARKS EACH)
1 Explain various postulates of Darwinism.

2 Give an account of Hardy-Weinberg’s principle with suitable example.
3 Explain archaeopteryx as a connecting link between reptiles and aves.
4 Give an account of rudimentary organs with suitable examples.
E
5 Name any three types of premating isolating mechanisms.
6 Name any three types of postmating isolating mechanisms.
7 Explain Geographical Isolation
N
8 Write down the three main concepts of modern synthetic theory.
9 What is chromosomal aberration? Give any two types of aberrations found in
the population.
10 U
Complete the table based on the special features of Human ancestors showing
their cultural and social development.
,P
Ancestors Special features
Homo erectus
Buried their dead
M
Made tools from

stones
11 Write a note on Homo habilis

RT
1 Explain any two types of natural selection.

2 Explain various palaeontological evidence in support of organic evolution.
E
3 How homology and analogy of organs support evolution, explain.

4 What is genetic variation? Explain any three factors responsible for genetic
SC
variation.
5 Explain the concept of Natural Selection with the example of Industrial
Melanism.
17
6. PLANT WATER RELATION
1 Water present in the form of hydrated oxides of Silicon, Aluminium is

called _______________
A Hygroscopic Water
B Gravitational Water
C Combined Water
D Capillary Water
2 Most plant cells and tissues constitutes _______% water
A 90-95 %
B 70-80 %
C 10-25 %
D 0-20 %
E
3 ______________ type of tissues are present in epiphytic roots
A Meristematic
B Parenchyma
N
C Velamen
D Epithelial
4 In the zone of absorption, epidermal cells form unicellular hair like
extensions called _________
A Epiblema cells
B Roots
U
,P
C Root hairs
D Velamen tissues
5 Outer layer of root hair is made up of _________
M
A Cellulose
B Lignin
C Starch
D Pectin
RT
6 Inner layer of root hair is made up of __________

A Cellulose
B Lignin
C Starch
D Pectin
E
7 Cell wall is __________

A Selectively Permeable
B Freely Permeable
SC
C Non Permeable
D Impermeable
8 Plasma Membrane is ___________
A Selectively Permeable
B Freely Permeable
C Non Permeable
D Impermeable
9 Root hair is _____________ extension of epiblema cells
A Cytoplasmic
B Protoplasmic
C Nucleoplasmic
D Cellulosic
10 Fine soil particles imbibe or absorb water and hold it. This is called as
___________
A Hygroscopic Water
B Gravitational Water
18
C Combined Water
D Capillary Water
11 To carry put plasmolysis, a cell must be placed in
A. Pure water
B. Hypertonic water
C. Hypotonic solution
D. Hypertonic solution
12 The liquid adsorbed during imbibition is known as
A. Solid
B. Imbibant
C. Imbibate
D. Colloids
13 Water moves either by apoplast or symplast pathway across the root.
Ultimately it becomes symplastic at.
A. Pericycle
E
B. Endodermis
C. Xylem
D. Phloem
N
14 The positive hydrostatic pressure which develops due to absorption of water is
called as
A. Capillary force
B. Transpiration pull
C. Root pressure
D. Transpiration
U
,P
15 The example of amphi-stomatic leaf is
A. Nerium
B. Lotus
M
C. Grass
D. opuntia
VERY SHORT NASWER TYPE QUESTIONS(1 MARK EACH)

RT
1 Why water acts as a thermal buffer?

2 Define : Root hair
3 What is meant by Gravitational water?
4 What is meant by Hygroscopic water?
E
5 What is meant by Combined water?

6 What is meant by Capillary water?
7 What is the composition of outer layer of root hair?
SC
8 What is the composition of inner layer of root hair

9 From which type of cells, root hair is originated
10 Which type of tissue is present in epiphytic roots?
11 Define imbibition.
12. What is DPD?
13 Which symbol is used to denote water potential?
14 What do you understand by the term lateral conduction of food?
15 Which organ is mainly involved in guttation?
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (SA-I) (2 MARKS EACH)
1 Why water is called as ‘Elixir of Life’?

2 What are the different types of water?
3 Draw a neat and labelled diagram of “Structure of Root hair”.
4 Explain the structure of root hair.
19
5 In which forms water is available to roots for absorption?
6 Explain the different properties of water.
7 Define imbibate and imbibant.
8 Give importance of diffusion to plants.
9 Differentiate between exosmosis and endosmosis.
10 Mention various factors affecting water absorption.
11 Give various objections to root pressure theory.
12 Draw a well labelled diagram of structure of stomata.
13 Give advantages of transpiration.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (SA-II) (3MARKS EACH)
1 Draw a neat and labelled diagram of Root tip showing root hair zone.
2 Draw a neat and labelled diagram of Root hair.
3 Write a note on morphological structure of root.
E
4 How roots can act as a water absorbing organ?
5 Why capillarity theory was discarded?
N
6 Explain the concept of water potential.
7 Explain various types of transpiration.
8
9
U
Describe the path of water across the root with the help of labelled diagram
Differentiate between passive and active absorption.
,P
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS(LA) (4 MARKS EACH)
1 Explain the structure of root hair with the help of neat and labelled diagrams.
M
2 Explain transpiration pull theory for ascent of sap.

3 Explain the mechanism of transport of food through phloem with suitable
diagram,
4 Explain the mechanism of opening and closing of stomata.
E RT
SC
20
7. PLANT GROWTH AND MINERAL NUTRITION
1 A farmer is fed up of weeds in his Wheat farm. Which of the following

chemicals he can use to overcome the problem?
A IBA
B IAA
C NAA
D 2,4 – D
2 Gibberellins are synthesised from ______.
A Acetic acid
B Mevalonic acid
C Tryptophan
D Ethephon
3 First natural cytokinin was obtained from ________.
E
A Rice plants
B Tobacco callus
N
C Maize grains
D Human urine
4 The plant growth is oftenly described as localized due to
A. Meristem
B. Permanent tissue
C. Parenchyma only
U
,P
D. Xylem only
5 Actual visible growth is seen during
A. phase of division
B. phase of maturation
M
C. phase of cell elongation

D. phase of differentiation
6 The correct equation for arithmetic growth is
RT
A. Lt=L0+ rt
B. W1=W0 . ert
C. L0 = Lt +rt
D. L0 = W0 . ert
7 The tissues formed by redifferentiation are
E
A. Secondary xylem and Secondary epidermis

B. Secondary meristem
C. Primary xylem and primary phloem
SC
D. Secondary xylem and secondary phloem

8 Loss or non-development of chlorophyll resulting in yellowing of leaf is called
as
A. Stunting
B. necrosis
C. Chlorosis
D. Mottling
9 The element required in phosphorylation reaction is
A. P
B. Ca
C. Fe.
D. Mo
10 Nitrification is not carried out by the bacterium
A. Nitrosomonas B. Nitrosococcus
C. Nitrobacter D. E. coli
21
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS ( 1 MARK EACH)
1 What do you mean by indeterminate growth?

2 In which phase maximum growth is achieved?
3 What is the use of auxanometer?
4 Define dedifferentiation.
5 Buyers often complain that a particular fruit merchant uses some chemical to
ripen fruits in his shop.
Name the chemical he must be using to do so.
6 Why is ABA known as antitranspirant?
7 Name the tissue that transports hormones within the plant body?
8 What is critical photoperiod?
9 Which pigment receives stimulus of light for flowering?
10 Which chemical stimulates vernalization?
11 What is critical concentration?
E
12 Which enzyme is activated by iron?
13 What is the site of nitrogen fixation in BGA?
14 Name the enzyme used in transamination?
N
15 Name the element that plays major role in determination of solute
concentration.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS(SA-I) (2 MARKS)
1
2
U
What type of changes take place during elongation phase?
Identify A,B,C and D in the given diagram,
,P
M
RT
3 Give any two points of difference between exponential and sigmoid growth
E
curve.
SC
22
4
Complete the given flowchart for development.
E
N
U
,P
M
5 Differentiate between SDP and LDP.

RT
6 Give an account of vernalization.

7 Explain any two deficiency symptoms of mineral found in plants.
8 Describe the process of amino acid synthesis.
9 Match the column A with B
A B
E
i) Epinasty of flower a)GA3

ii) Natural auxin b)NAA
SC
iii) Flowering in Litchi c)IAA

iv) Bolting of Beet d)Ethylene
10 A gardener wants to give bushy appearance to plants in our college campus.

i) What should he do to achieve the same?
ii) Which property of phytohormones he must be aware of?
11 Give an account of nitrification.
12 Mention various functions of phosphorus in plants.
13. Different elements are required by the plant for its growth and development.
These are absorbed in various forms. Some elements are mentioned below,
write the form in which they are absorbed,Boron, molybdenum, phosphorus
and nitrogen
23
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS(SA-II) (3 MARKS EACH)
1 Explain various phases of growth.

2 Observe the following graph and answer the following questions:-
E
i. Which type of growth is indicated in the graph?
N
ii. What is the mathematical expression for this growth?
iii. Which plant part shows such type of growth?
3 Give the term for the following)
support and aeration- U

a. Parenchyma in hydrophytes develops schizogenous interspaces for
b. Development if interfascicular cambium

,P
c. Formation of secondary xylem and secondary phloem
4 Give an account of denitrification.
5 Draw a well labelled diagram of sigmoid growth curve.
What is grand period of growth?
M
6 Match the columns based on element and its role in plants.

Column ‘a’ Column ‘b’
1. Molybdenum a. grey spots on leaves

RT
2. Zinc b. Brown heart disease
3. Copper c. slight retardation of growth

E
4. Boron d. Die back of shoots
5. Chlorine e. Poor growth of plant

SC
6. Manganese f. malformed leaves.
7 Explain the concept of plasticity with suitable diagrams.

8 Give an account of Donnan’s equilibrium.
9 Write the name of ____
a) First hormone discovered in plants.
b) Biological name of fungus from which Gibberellins were first isolated.
c) The name given to the first cytokinin by Skoog and Miller.
10 Write the name of ____
a) Gaseous growth hormone known to you.
b) Standard bio assay method for auxins.
c) Hormone that can overcome the requirement of vernalization.
d)
24
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (LA) (4 MARKS)
1 Write a note on photoperiodism with suitable examples.

2 Draw schematic representation of nitrogen cycle.
3 Name the phytohormone related with the given phenomenon
a) Apical dominance
b) Bolting of Cabbage
c) Artificial ripening of fruit
d) Acts as Antitranspirant by closing stomata
4 Write full form of-

a) IAA
b) IBA
c) NAA
d) 2,4-D
E
N
U
,P
M
E RT
SC
25
8. RESPIRATION AND CIRCULATION
1 In human respiration, chemical energy is released in the form of ____.

A) Acetyl co-enzyme A
B) ADP
C) ADPH 2
D) ATP
2 Alveoli provide the surface area for exchange of ________.
A) food
B) enzymes
C) gases
D) hormones
3 The movement of diaphragm, intercostal muscles and rib cage helps in
E
__________.
A) digestion
B) circulation
N
C) excretion
D) respiration
4 The volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximum respiration is
__________.
A) 1000 to 1100 ml
B) 1100 to 1200 ml
U
,P
C) 2000 to 3000 ml
D) 5200 to 5800 ml
5 Find out the example in which due to absence of respiratory pigment transport
M
of respiratory gases does not takes place.

A) Cockroach
B) Scoliodon
C) Frog
RT
D) Human
6 Which of the following has thickest wall?
A) Right auricle
B) Right ventricle
C) Left auricle
E
D) Left ventricle
7 The phase of contraction of heart is termed as _____.
SC
A) diastole
B) systole
C) heart beat
D) heart sound
8 The free edges of cuspid valves are attached to the papillary muscles of the heart
by fibres are called ___________.
A) chordae tendinae
B) columnae carneae
C) connecting fibres
D) autorhythmic fibres
9 Ventricular depolarization is represented by __________.
A) P wave B) QRS complex C) T wave D) P and T waves
26
10 The erythropoeitic tissue in adult is mainly found in ___________.
A) kidney
B) liver
C) red bone marrow
D) spleen
11 The technique used to detect blockages in blood vessels is
A. Angiography
B. ECG
C. EEG
D. sphygmomanometer
1 Name the cartilage which divides the nasal cavity into right and left nasal
E
chambers.
2 Give the function of epiglottis.
3 Define total lung capacity.
N
4 Sachin shows symptoms of inflammation of the sinuses and mucous discharge
due to viral and bacterial infection. Identify the disorder.
5 Define haematology.
6
7
8
U
Which type of blood flows through pulmonary veins?
In between which layers of pericardium, pericardial fluid is present?
How many molecules of haemoglobin are found in each erythrocyte?
,P
9 Identify ‘A’ from the following ECG.
M
RT
10 Identify the pulse point ‘A’ from below given diagram.

E
SC
11. What is sinusitis?

12 What is ventilator?
13 Define heart transplant.
14 Name the technique used to detect blockages in blood vessels.
27
1 Fill in the blanks with the help of chart.

Respiratory surface/
Organism Habitat
organ
Coelenterates --------- ---------
Spiders --------- ---------
2 Define Bohr effect and Haldane effect.

3 Give any two effects of carbon monoxide poisoning.
4 Define intracellular transport and extracellular transport.
5 Name the pigment and enzyme found in erythrocytes?
6 Draw diagram of conducting system of human heart. Label SA node and bundle
of His.
7 How a portal vein differs from normal vein?
E
8 Write an account of silent heart attack.
9 Write a note on symptoms of laryngitis.
N
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS(SA-II) (3 MARKS)
1 Distinguish between inspiration and expiration.

2
3 Define Hamburger’s phenomenon.
Add a note on it.
U
Write a note on Hering-Breuer reflex.
,P
4 Draw the chart of double circulation and label A, B, C and D.
M
E RT
SC
5 Write a note on coagulation of blood.

6 Define hypertension. Explain coronary artery disease and angina pectoris.
7 Draw diagrammatic representation of cardiac cycle. Explain ventricular systole.
8. Write symptoms, causes and treatment for pneumonia.
28
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS(LA) (4 MARKS)
1. With the help of labelled diagram explain the exchange of gases between
alveolus and capillary.
2. With the help of chart identify and write the function of any four leucocytes.
Type Leucocytes Name of cell Function
------------ ------------
Granulocytes ------------ ------------
E
N
------------ ------------
U ------------ ------------
,P
Agranulocytes
M
------------ ------------
RT
3 Draw labelled diagram of internal structure of human heart.

Label right atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle and pulmonary semilunar
E
valve.
Write a function of Eustachian and tricuspid valve found in human heart.
SC
29
9. CONTROL AND COORDINATION
1 Diffused type of nervous system is seen in ________.

A Hydra
B Planaria
C Cockroach
D Earthworm
2 Planaria shows ___________ type of nervous system.
A nerve net.
B ladder
C ganglionated
D brain
3 In order for a stimulus to be effective, the stimulus must have a minimum intensity
called _______ stimulus.
E
A subliminal
B depolarised
N
C threshhold
D polarised
4 The resting potential of a neuron is _____.
A 30 millivolts
B -30 millivolts
C 70 millivolts
U
,P
D -70 millivolts
5 The third ventricle of brain is connected to the fourth ventricle of brain through
__________.
A Foramen of Monro
M
B Duct of Sylvius
C Metacoel
D Eustachian tube
RT
6 Degeneration of dopamine producing neurons in the CNS causes __________

disease.
A ADHD
B Alzheimer’s
C Parkinson’s
E
D Fever
7 ________ is a mineralocorticoid secreted by Adrenal gland.
A Aldosterone
SC
B Cortisol
C Corticoid
D Androgen
8 ________ has an important role in the development of immune system by
maturation of T lymphocytes.
A Thyroxine
B Thymosin
C Aldosterone
D Parathormone
9 Hyper secretion of growth hormone in childhood causes ________.
A Acromegaly
B Dwarfism
C Gigantism
D Goitre
10 __________ shows gastric contractions and inhibits the secretion of gastric juice.
A Gastrin
30
B Secretin
C Entero- gastrone
D Inhibin
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS(1 MARK)
1 Which cells of PNS secrete myelin sheath around the nerves?

2 Give function of astrocytes in nervous system.
3 What is the covering of nerve fascicule called?
4 How electrical synapse differs from chemical synapse?
5 What is the function of red nucleus?
6 Define Saltatory conduction.
7 Name the hormone secreted by Pars intermedia in lower vertebrates.
8 Which disease is caused by hyper secretion of Glucocorticoids?
9 Which organ acts a temporary endocrine gland in females?
E
10 Give one role of hormone therapy.
11. Define reflex arc.
12 What is monosynaptic reflex?
N
13. Which exteroreceptors is located in semi-circular canals?
14 Which receptor denotes the change in B.P.?
15. Which is the outermost layer of human eye?
16
17
18
U
Which cells of retina are responsible for scotopic vision?
Name the structure that connects the middle ear to pharynx.
What is cochlea?
,P
19 Name the membrane that covers the cornea?

M
1 ‘Injury to the medulla oblongata causes sudden death’ Explain.

2 Which two hormones are responsible for the regulation of calcium and
phosphorus in the blood?
RT
3 Describe any two hormones produced by the ovaries

4 Name the glucocorticoid used in treatment of allergy and why?
5 Which hormone is secreted by Pineal gland? What is its function?

6 Sketch and label T.S of Spinal cord.
E
7 Sketch and label V.S of Pituitary gland.

8 Explain any two exteroreceptors with location and function.
9 Explain baroreceptors with their location and function.
SC
10 Write a note on lens part of human eye.

11 Draw a well labelled diagram of Semi-circular canal to show cochlea and
membranous labyrinth.
12. Write a note on rod cells and cone cells.
1 Write a note on meninges of Brain.

2 Describe any three functions of hypothalamus.
3 Name three Mixed cranial nerves along with their numbers.
4 Distinguish between Cerebrum and Cerebellum.
5 Answer the questions after observing the diagram given below.
31
E
1) What acts as the first messenger?
N
2) Why can’t hormones like catecholamines enter their target cells through
plasma membrane?
3) Name the mode of hormone action shown in the diagram.
6 U
Complete the table based on disorders caused due to under secretion or over
secretion of Thyroid gland.
,P
Secretion Adults Children
Hypo
secretion
M
Hyper
secretion
7 Give the names of the hormones released by neurohypophysis.

RT
A boy shows excessive thirst and micturition because of deficiency of a hormone

secreted by neurohypophysis. Name the disease he is suffering from.
8 Differentiate between cranial reflex and spinal reflex.
9 Describe the structure of choroid / uvea.
10 Draw diagram of human eye showing pupil, vitreous humor, optic nerve, sclera,
E
retina and choroid.

SC
1 Describe the functional areas of Cerebrum.

2 Distinguish between Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
3 Describe any four hormones secreted by Adenohypophysis.
4 Write a note on the four different kinds of cell in Pancreas.
5 Complete the flowchart of the process of conduction of nerve impulse.
32
E
N
6 Describe the structure of human external ear.
7. Explain the structure of retina with the help of a labelled diagram.
U
,P
M
E RT
SC
33
10. HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASES
1 Immunity acquired after an infection is ________ immunity

A. Artificial Acquired
B. Passive
C. Innate
D. Natural Acquired
2 Passive immunity is ____________.
A. Acquired through natural overt or latent infection
E
B. Acquired through Vaccination
C. Acquired through readymade antibodies
N
D. Acquired by activating immune system of the body
3 'Pathogens' are ____________
U
A. Substances produced against any disease.
,P
B. Chemical substances produced by the host cells to kill the parasite animal.
C. Disease causing organisms.
M
D. Cells which kill the parasites

4 Which one of the following diseases is a communicable?
A. Rickets
RT
B. Malaria
C. Diabetes
D. Scurvy
E
5 Which one of the following is the most accurate definition of the term ‘health’?
A. Health is the state of body and mind in a balanced condition.
SC
B. Health is the reflection of a smiling face.

C. Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being.
D. Health is the symbol of economic prosperity.

6 AIDS is caused by ____________
A. Fungus
B. Virus
C. Bacterium
D. Helminth worm
34
7 A person preparing food in an unhygienic place can be a major source of spread of
disease _____________
A. Pneumonia
B. Syphilis
C. Typhoid
D. Cancer
8 Carcinoma is cancer of ____________ cells.
A. Epithelial
B. Connective tissue
C. Bone
E
D. Blood
9 Inactive gene that can cause cancer is called ________
N
A. Transposon
B. Proto-oncogene
C. Tumour promoter gene
D. Tumour suppressor gene
U
,P
10 antiviral proteins released by cells infected by the virus are called ________
A. histamines
M
B. interferons
C. pyrogens
D. allergens
RT

1 Define ‘Health’, as given by WHO.
2 What are Non-communicable diseases?
E
3 Name the causative pathogen of Ascariasis.

4 What is ‘serology’
SC
5 Name the vector of malarial pathogen.

6 What are congenital diseases?
7 Name the vector of pathogen responsible for filariasis.
8 When a drug addict is not allowed to take drugs he shows certain typical
symptoms. What are these symptoms termed as?
9 What is ‘Leukemia’?
10 Define ‘Adolescence’.
35
1 Enlist the four types of T- lymphocytes, responsible for immune response of our
body
2 Enlist any four barriers that contribute to innate immunity.
3 Enlist any four therapies used to treat a cancer patient.
4 Give any four the symptoms of Ascariasis.
5 State the significance of mother’s milk to a new-born.
6 Enlist any two features of Acquired immunity.
7 Sketch and label – Structure of Antibody
E
1 When the ELISA test was conducted on an immune-suppressed person, he tested
positive for a pathogen.
N
a) Identify the disease the patient is suffering from.
b) Name the causative entity.
2
U
c) Mention the cells of the body that are attacked by the pathogen.
Explain the importance of epithelial surface in innate immunity.
,P
3 Explain any three causes of substance abuse during adolescence.
4 Explain the three stages of adolescence.
M
5 Give the preventive measures of AIDS

6 a) How is a tumor formed in the body?
b) What are the two types of tumor?
RT
c) Which of these under goes metastasis?

7 Explain the mode of transmission of HIV.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (LA) ( 4 MARKS EACH)
E
1 Explain the various types of acquired immunity.

2 Explain the clinical manifestation of AIDS.
SC
3 Explain any four therapies used in treatment of cancer.
36
11. ENHANCEMENT OF FOOD PRODUCTION
1 Wheat -Atlas 66 has high contents of _______.

A protein
B vitamin
C carbohydrates
D Fats
2 Species of ___ is involved in cheese formation.
A Penicillium
B Lactobacillus
C Saccharomyces
D Leuconostoc
3 Aspergillus niger is used to prepare vit ___
E
A D
B B2
N
C B12
D C
4 Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used to produce enzyme ___.
A Invertase
B Pectinase
C Lipase
U
,P
D Cellulase
5 Select the odd one from given herbicides.
A Cactoblastis
B Alternaria
M
C Fusarium
D Phytophthora
6 _________ associated with plants like Azolla and Cycas can be used as a
RT
biofertilizers.
A Anabaena
B Nostoc
C Plectonema
D Oscillatoria
E
7 Antibiotic Chloromycetin is obtained from ____________.

A Streptomyces erythreus
B Penicillium chrysogenum
SC
C Streptomyces venezuelae
D Streptomyces griseus
8 Indian curd is prepared by inoculating milk with ___________.
A Lactobacillus acidophilus
B Lactobacillus bulgaricus
C Penicillium roquefortii
D Penicillium camembertii
9 Which of the following is not the variety of rice?
A. Jaya
B. Padma
C. Ratna
D. Parbhani- Kranti
10 Identify the variety of crop plant developed for resistance against black rot,
A. Pusa Sawani
B. Pusa Shubhra
C. Pusa Sadabahar
37
D. Pusa Swarnim
11 The mother of bee hive is –
A. Worker bee
B. Drones
C. Queen bee
D. Cater
12 Leaves of which plant are used to feed silkworm?
A. Mango
B. Tulsi
C. Mulberry
D. Strawberry
13. Identify the marine water fish from the following-
A. Common carp
B. Catla
C. Silver carp
E
D. Pomphret
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (1 MARK EACH )
N
1 What is biofortification?
2 Name biofortified wheat variety for high protein content.
3
4
U
What is the main function of a fermenter?
Name the chamber in which the suspended objects are filtered and removed
during sewage treatment?
,P
5 What is mycorrhiza?
6 Name the tank to which the sewage water is passed after the preliminary
treatment?
M
7 What are flocs with respect to sewage treatment

8 Small part of activated sludge is passed back into primary sedimentation tank.
If the above statement is correct then rewrite as it is and in case it is incorrect then
reframe it.
RT
9 When was plant breeding started?

10 Define germplasm collection.
11 Which sugarcane variety is grown in north India?
12 Name the variety of flat bean developed for insect and pest resistance.
13 What is explant?
E
14 What is MOET?
15 Aspergillosis and Favus are poultry diseases. What is the causative agent for these
diseases?
SC
16 What is monoculture fishery?

17 Define breed.
18 What is the biological name of little bee?
1 Rearrange the names of tanks used in sewage treatment as per the flow of
procedure.
a) settling tank
b) Grit Chamber
c) aeration tanks
d) primary sedimentation tank.
2 Give names of two organisations which provide most commonly used models of
biogas plants.
38
3 A young girl is health conscious. Her dietician advised her to include mushrooms
in her diet. What must be the reason?
4 Match the column A with B and rewrite correct pairs.
A B
i. Atlas 66 a)vit A
ii. Rice b) vit C
iii. Spinach c)protein
iv. bitter gourd d)Iron
5 Name two bacteria which are responsible for fermenting dough of idli, dosa.
6 Name two acids produced by using Aspergillus niger?
7 Name two amino acids found in fortified Maize variety?
8 Explain plant breeding for disease resistance with suitable examples.
9 Differentiate between callus culture and suspension culture.
10 Enlist various steps involved in hybridization technique in sequence.
E
11 Give any two advantages of micropropagation.
12 SCP is useful and is a source of protein. Give two examples of bacteria used as
source of SCP.
N
13 Give an account of dairy farm management.
14 Draw a diagram of artificial bee hive to show any two of honey super, entrance
reducer, queen excluder and hive bodies.
15 Give an account of lac culture.U
,P
1 Match the column A with B and rewrite correct pairs
A B
M
I. Mycoherbicides a)Cactoblastis
II. Bacterial herbicides b) Alternaria
III. Insects as herbicides c)Xanthomonas
2 State any three benefits of using Biogas.
RT
3 Write chemical reactions to represent Methanogenesis.

4 Describe the structure of a biogas plant.
5 State any three benefits of mycorrhiza.
6 State any three benefits of Biofertilizers.
E

A B
1) citric acid a) in medicine for
SC
solubility of Ca++
2) fumaric acid b) confectionary
3) gluconic acid c) in resins as wetting
agents
8 Write an account of Indian hybrid crops.

9 Write an account of mutation breeding.
10 How aseptic conditions are maintained in tissue culture?
11 Explain sericulture in detail.
39
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (LA) ( 4 MARKS EACH)
A B
a)Penicillium roquefortii i)Alcohol
b)Lactobacillus bulgaricus. ii) Cheese
c)Lactobacillus acidophilus iii) Yoghurt
d)Saccharomyces cerevisiae iv)curd
2 Explain the process of sewage water treatment before it can be discharged into
natural bodies.
E
A B
i. Symbiotic N2 fixing bacteria a) VAM
ii. Free-living N2 fixing bacteria b)Rhizobium
N
iii. Phosphate solubilizer c) Nostoc
iv. Endomycorrhizae d) Microccocus
4
5
U
Define plant breeding. Mention any three objectives of plant breeding.
Mention various advantages of single cell protein.
,P
M
E RT
SC
40
12. BIOTECHNOLOGY
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS ( 1 MARK EACH)
1 The technique which involves addition or deletion of genes is….

A genetic engineering
B gene therapy
C gene splicing
D gene piracy
2 ECoRI is obtained from…
A Escherichia coli R13
B Escherichia coli Ry13
E
C Escherichia coli R225
D Escherichia coli RC
3 The enzyme restriction endonuclease …
N
A cuts double strand of DNA
B joins strand of DNA
C cuts RNA strand
4
D cuts single stranded DNA U
Ti plasmid being used for introducing genes in plants obtained from….
A Agrobacterium rhizogenes
,P
B Escherichia coli
C Agrobacterium T20
D Agrobacterium tumefaciens
M
Polymerase chain reaction is most useful in….

A DNA amplification
B DNA synthesis
C protein synthesis
RT
D selective replication of DNA

5 In Bt cotton a transgenic plant, Bt refers to….
A bold cotton
B Bacillus thuringiensis
C beta carotene
E
D tumor inducing bacteria

7 In transgenic crop substance provitamin A is obtained in….
A rice
SC
B tomato
C canola
D sugarcane
8 In Anaemia the Recombinant protein….is produced by r-DNA technology.
A Relasein
B Insulin
C Erythroprotein
D Antoitrpsin
9 In biotechnology GMO refers to….
A generation mediated organisms
B genetically modified organisms
C good modified organisms
D gross modified organisms
10 First biopatent to genetically engineered bacterium….
A Pseudomonas
41
B Agrobacterium
C Azatobacter
D E. coli.
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS ( 1 MARK EACH )
1 In which transgenic plant the substance Flavonoids obtained as antioxidants.

2 What is Germline therapy?
3 Which Recombinant proteins is obtained for Hepatitis-B by r-DNA technology.
4 What is plasmid?
5 What is Palindromic sequence?
6 Alu-I is obtained from which organism?
7 What is the role of Taq-polymerase in PCR technology?
8 Bt-cotton shows adverse effect on the population of which butterfly?
E
N
1 What is Biopiracy? Explain it with respect to Turmeric.
2 How Biotechnology is applicable with respect to Genomics?
3 Explain how transgenic fish is commercially beneficial.
4
5
produced?
U
Write any two human disorders and to cure which recombinant proteins are
For production of edible vaccines plants are used. Explain this any one
,P
example.
6 Write a note on uses of somatic cell gene therapy.
7 Define vector? write any two examples.
M
1 Explain traditional use of Biotechnology.

RT
2 Define biotechnology? Which are the basic principles and process of

biotechnology?
3 What is gene cloning? Explain different tools used for it.
4 Explain types of enzymes used in biotechnology?
5 What is Recognition sequence? Explain in brief.
E
6 Define Biotechnology? How it is used in production of Human insulin.

7 What is GM plant? Write its different advantages.
SC
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (LA) (4 MARKS)
1 What is PCR? Explain different steps involved in it.

2 Explain the following terms with respect to rDNA technology
i) passanger DNA
ii) Chimeric DNA
iii) Transformed cell
iv) restriction site
3 Define biotechnology. Give any three application of it?
4 Which are different adverse effect of biotechnology on human health and
environment?
5 Explain biopatent and Biopiracy with different examples?
42
13. ORGANISMS AND POPULATION
1 An association of individuals of different species living in the same habitat and

having functional interactions is called as…
A biotic community.
B population.
C ecosystem.
D tropical niche.
2 Community is defined as….
A Group of similar Angiosperms.
E
B interacting populations.
C interacting ecosystem
D group of mangroves.
N
3 Regional and local variations within each biome lead to the formation of
variety of…
A Habitats
B niches
C species
D genus
U
,P
4 Maximum absorption of rainfall water is done by….
A tropical evergreen forest.
B tropical deciduous forest.
M
C coniferous forest.
D deserts
5 The cattle egret and grazing cattle in close association is a classic example of…
A Mutualism.
RT
B Parasitism.
C Commensalism.
D Competition
6 The ecological niche of population is a …
A geographical area where it lives.
E
B set of conditions and resources that it uses.

C habitat of organisms
D place of origin of organisms
SC
7 Tropical dense forests are due to…

A high rainfall and low temperature
B high rainfall and warm temperature
C low rainfall and high temperature
D low rainfall and low temperature
8 Polar bears show hibernation during…
A winter
B summer
C rainy season
D favourable conditions
9 In Logistic growth curve lag phase shows…
A fast growth
B initial stage of growth
C stationary phase of growth
D diminishing phase of growth
43
10 The number of deaths under ideal conditions is known as
A Absolute mortality B Realized mortality
C Absolute natality D Realized natality
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS ( 1 MARK EACH)
1 Define Absolute Mortality.

2 How absolute Natality differs from Realized Natality.
3 What is population ecology?
4 Define the term spatial niche.
5 What is ESS?
6 Define the term Habitat.
7 Rearrange the terms population, Biome, Community and Organisms in
ecological hierarchy
8 What Allen’s rule indicates in adaptation?
E
1 Show the graphical representation of mean annual rainfall with respect to
N
mean annual temperature.
2 Define the term Biome and population.
3 How Habitat differs from Niche?
4
5
6
U
How ‘Temperature’ as an abiotic factor plays a role in ecology?
Define the term Adaptation. State its two advantages.
What is Mortality? What are its two types?
,P
7 Define the term population interactions. State its two types

M
1 Define Niche with its different types.

2 Define mutualism. Explain its one type.
3 Explain any three important characteristics of population.
RT
4 Explain different population interactions with examples.

5 What is Commensalism? Explain it with suitable example.
6 Explain the role of any three abiotic factors affecting the environment.
7 Explain different types of growth models.
E
1 Define population growth. Explain different types of age pyramids.

SC
2 Which are different biotic and abiotic factors involved in ecology and how
they play their role?
3 What is population interaction? Explain the interactions in Mutualism and
Competition.
44
14. ECOSYSTEMS AND ENERGY TRANSFER
1 Lichens taking roots on bare rocks are an example of ___________.

A. climax community
B. pioneer species
C. climax species
D. secondary succession
E
2 Growth of new grasses and shrubs on a patch of forest burnt down by forest
fire, is a an example of __________
N
A. secondary succession
B. pioneer species
C. climax species
D. primary succession
U
,P
3 All types of ecological succession whether on land or in water always reaches _
A. climax community
M
B. pioneer species
C. climax species
D. secondary succession
RT
4 Secondary consumers are

A. herbivores
B. producers
E
C. Carnivores
D. autotrophs
SC
5 Which of the following statements is incorrect for the energy pyramid?

A. It shows energy content of different trophic levels
B. Its base is broad
C. It always inverted
D. It is always upright.
6 Which one of the following is not a functional unit of ecosystem?
A. energy flow
B. decomposition
C. productivity
D. stratification
45
7. Humus is
A. dark coloured, amorphous , colloidal organic matter rich in nutrients
B. contains only cellulose
C. red coloured matter
D. product of photosynthesis
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS(1 MARK EACH)
1 What is ‘Sere’?
2 Define ‘Ecological succession’
3 What is ‘Climax community’?
E
4 Define zonation.
5 Define gross primary productivity.
6 What do you understand by the term PAR?
N
7 What is 10% law of energy transfer?
8 What is the reservoir of carbon on the earth?
9 What is the cause of eutrophication?
10 What is fragmentation? U
,P
1 Name the types of succession of plants based on the nature of habitat.
2 Give reasons – ‘Primary succession is always slower than secondary succession’
M
3 Differentiate between stratification and zonation.

4 Explain grazing food chain with suitable example.
5 Write a note on pyramid of numbers.
6 Give reasons, ’ pyramid of energy is always upright.
RT
7 Explain any three categories of ecosystem services.

1 What are ‘pioneer species’? Give two examples of them.
2 Explain the following sequence of succession after a forest fire.
E
SC
3 Explain process of decomposition in detail.

4 Write an account of carbon cycle.
5 Describe the sedimentary cycle you have studied.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (LA-) (4 MARKS)

46
1 Explain the progress of ecological succession in newly formed volcanic island.
15. BIODIVERSITY, CONSERVATION AND ENVIRONMENTLA ISSUES

1 Dodo bird, stellar sea cow and passenger pigeon are few examples of extinction
due to __________.
A habitat loss
B hunting
C Alien species invasion
D overexploitation.
2 Select the odd example with respect to types of
conservation strategies.
A Pawra tribals in Satpuda have protected varieties of corn with different
coloured kernels.
E
B Kanha forest as tiger reserve.
C Crocodile bank of Chennai
N
D Sacred groves
3 India boasts a handsome share of ____ % of total biodiversity wealth of the
earth.
A 2.4
B 8.1
C 14
U
,P
D 22
4 Measurement rate of O2 consumption in unit volume of water is
A. biogas generation
B. Biological oxygen demand
M
C. Biosynthesis pathway
D. Fermentation
5 In a coal fired power plant, electrostatic precipitator is used to control emission
RT
of
A. Oxides of nitrogen
B. SPM
C. CO
D. oxides of sulphur
E
6 E. coli is used as an indicator to determine pollution of water with

A. heavy metals
B. faecal matter
SC
C. industrial effluents
D. Pollen of aquatic plants
7. Which of the following is not the component of greenhouse gases?
A. methane
B. carbon dioxide
C. CFC
D. ozone
47
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS(1 MARK EACH)
1 What is ‘Hello Forest’?

2 Name the Japanese method of plantation adapted by our government.
3 A medicinal plant Rauwolfia vomitoria shows variations in concentration of
reserpine from location to location. What type of level of biodiversity is this?
5 What is CPCB?
6 What is the use of catalytic converter?
7 What is thermal pollution?
8 What does high level of BOD of water indicate?
9 Name the gas emitted by the fire extinguisher?
E
10 Which radiations are responsible for snow blindness?
11 Which treaty was signed in Canada about effects of ozone?
N
1 Write full form of __
2
3
i) IUCN ii) NBA
U
Give any four factors that favour high speciation at lower altitudes.
With the help of any one example explain Alien species invasion as one of the
,P
causes of Biodiversity losses.
4 Mention various effects of air pollution.
5 Explain working of electrostatic precipitator.
M
6 Write a note on noise pollution.

7 Write a note on global warming.
8 Explain any two methods to reduce sewage water.
9 Draw a flow chart showing eutrophication.
RT
1 Enlist any six categories into which a given species is placed once it has been
E
thoroughly evaluated by IUCN.

2 The reasons for conservation of biodiversity can be classified into three
categories. Name them and describe each in brief.
SC
3 Write an account of global warming.
1 Describe any four measures to achieve Mission Harit Maharashtra

+
48

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Board Question Paper: March 2024

BOARD QUESTION PAPER : MARCH 2024

(A) Elephantiasis (B) AIDS (C) Malaria (D) Dengue

viii. Which one of the following does not evolve further?

(A) Absolute mortality (B) Realized natality

(C) Realized mortality (D) Absolute natality

ii. Chromosomal aberrations

BOARD QUESTION PAPER: JULY 2023

(A) Tryptophan (B) Phenyl alanine

(C) 1.502 (D) 1.81

Pulmonary Superior and

Q.9. What are oral vaccines?

ii. Pusa shubhra b. Wheat

iii. Pusa sadabahar c. Cauliflower

BOARD QUESTION PAPER : MARCH 2023

(C) Ethylene (D) Gibberellin

v. Rivet Popper Hypothesis is an analogy to explain the significance of _______.

(A) Pigeon, Parrot, Sparrow (B) Parrot, Bat, Fowl

(C) Bat, Fowl, Crow (D) Sparrow, Fowl, Cat

Q.3. Define the terms:

Q.5. i. Give reason – ABA is also known as antitranspirant.

Disorders/diseases Recombinant Proteins

Q.19. i. What is spermatogenesis?

Q.31. i. Give any two functions of cerebellum.

BOARD QUESTION PAPER: JULY 2022

(a) typhoid polysaccharide (b) typhin V

Attempt any EIGHT of the following questions: [16]

Q.9. Mach the pairs and rewrite:

Q.10. Define polyembryony. State its different types.

Q.13. Water acts as a thermal buffer. Justify the statement.

Attempt any EIGHT of the following questions: [24]

reverse the effect.

Attempt any THREE of the following questions: [12]

BOARD QUESTION PAPER : MARCH 2022

Which event is represented by the above diagram, related to chromosomal aberrations?

Std. XII: Biology

Q.7. Enlist the characteristics of Neanderthal Man.

Pulmonary circulation Systemic circulation

Q.20. Distinguish between hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.

Std. XII: Biology

नपेढ (Question Bank) 2023

वषय:- जीवशा (Biology)

1.सदर नपेढ ह १००% अ यास मावर तयार कर यात आल आहे .

2.सदर नपेढ तील न हे अ धक या सरावासाठ असन ू नसंचातील न बोडा या

Sr. No. Name of Chapter Page no.

2. REPRODUCTION IN LOWER AND HIGHER ANIMALS 6

6. PLANT WATER RELATION 18

8. RESPIRATION AND CIRCULATION 26

11. ENHANCEMENT OF FOOD PRODUCTION 37

13. ORGANISMS AND POPULATION 43

14. ECOSYSTEMS AND ENERGY TRANSFER 45

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (1 MARK EACH)

1 The outer layer of pollen grain is thick and made up of complex

6 Self-incompatibility is found in flowers of plants…..

7 Porogamy refers to the entry of a pollen tube through…..

9 Why fertilization process in angiosperms is called as double fertilization?

enlargement of ovary into fruit.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE (SA-I) QUESTIONS (2 MARK EACH)

1 Explain any two methods of asexual reproduction.