Climate Change and Biodiversity

BIODIVERSITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate Change:
• A significant threat to our planet.
• Caused by greenhouse gas emissions.
• Leads to rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and rising sea

levels.
Biodiversity:
• The variety of life on Earth.
• Essential for ecosystem health and human well-being.
• Threatened by human activities, including climate change.
Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity:
• Habitat Loss and Fragmentation: Destruction of natural habitats due to

rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and land-use changes.
• Altered Phenology: Disruption of biological cycles like migration, breeding,

and flowering.
• Range Shifts: Species moving to more suitable climates, leading to

potential conflicts and competition.
• Increased Stress and Mortality: Extreme weather events and changing

environmental conditions can directly harm organisms.
• Ocean Acidification: Increased CO2 absorption in oceans, harming marine

life.
• Spread of Invasive Species: Climate change can create favorable conditions

for invasive species.
Addressing Climate Change and Protecting Biodiversity:
• Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Transitioning to renewable energy,

improving energy efficiency, and reducing fossil fuel use.
• Protecting and Restoring Ecosystems: Conserving forests, wetlands, and

other natural habitats.
• Sustainable Land Use Practices: Adopting sustainable agriculture and
forestry practices.
• International Cooperation: The Paris Agreement aims to limit global

warming to below 2°C, but additional efforts are needed to combat climate
change.
• Community-Based Conservation: Involving local communities in

conservation efforts.
Role of Biodiversity in Mitigating Climate Change
• By aiding in carbon sequestration and climate stabilization, biodiversity is

essential in preventing climate change.
• For controlling the Earth's atmosphere, forests, wetlands, and oceans are
among the largest carbon sinks on the world.
• The health of these ecosystems and the benefits they render depend on
biodiversity.
• Mangrove forests, can shield coastal settlements from storm surges and
sea level rise.
• Coral reefs can protect coastlines from erosion and absorb the energy of
waves.
• Ecosystems rich in biodiversity are more resilient to climate change, as

they have more capacity to adapt to changing conditions.
• Therefore, protecting biodiversity is essential for mitigating climate change

impacts and promoting long- term sustainability.
• Morecroft et al. (2019) illustrated the importance of biodiversity,

ecosystem, and humans in mitigating climate change:
• Reforestation
• Forest creation in unsuitable areas
• River Restoration
• Wetland Restoration
• Protection and expansion of natural/seminatural areas

• Increased Connectivity
• Species Translocation
• Natural fire regime restoration
Impact of Human Activities on Biodiversity and Climate Change
• Climate change and biodiversity have both been significantly impacted by

human activity.
• Through destroying habitats and ecosystems, agriculture, urbanization, and

deforestation have all habitats contributed to loss of biodiversity.
• Human actions have also contributed to climate change, particularly the

greenhouse gas emissions from the burning of fossil fuels and other
industrial operations.
• This gas emission has led to changes in temperature, weather patterns,

sea levels, and ocean acidity, which have affected biodiversity and
ecosystems.
• human activities have caused the extinction of many plant and animal
species, leading to reduced biodiversity.
• It is vital to address these effects through conservation initiatives that

strive to restore and safeguard ecosystems and biodiversity.
• Governments, corporations, and individuals must all work together to

support sustainable development, which strikes a balance between social
welfare, environmental protection, and economic progress.
CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY AND ITS IMPORTANCE OF CLIMATE

CHANGE MITIGATION
 Conservation of biodiversity plays a crucial role in mitigating climate

change.
 (Srivastava et al., 2019). Biodiverse ecosystems provide essential
services that regulate climate, such as carbon storage, water filtration,
and nutrient cycling.
 For example, forests are one of the most effective ways of
sequestering carbon, with an estimated 30% of the world's carbon
stored in forests.
 By conserving forests, we can reduce carbon emissions and mitigate
climate change.
 Similarly, wetlands and coral reefs also act as important carbon sinks,
and their conservation is vital to maintain the balance of the Earth's
carbon cycle.
 Conserving biodiversity also helps to keep the resilience of
ecosystems, enabling them to adapt better to the impacts of climate
change, such as droughts, floods, and storms.
 The Department of Environment and Natural Resources' Biodiversity
Management Bureau and other organizations with a focus on climate
change are aware of how crucial biodiversity preservation is for
mitigating climate change.
 (DENR-BMB, 2016). It has highlighted a number of actions that can be
implemented, such as protected area networks, habitat restoration,
and sustainable land use practices, to preserve biodiversity.
 Additionally, REDD+ projects (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation
and Forest Degradation) seek to reduce emissions by protecting forests
and increasing their capacity to store carbon.
 (DENR-Forest Management Bureau, 2017). Spending money on
conservation projects helps prevent climate change and protect
biodiversity's myriad advantages, including its use in food, medicine,
and recreation.
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND THEIR IMPORTANCE FOR BIODIVERSITY

CONSERVATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
 Ecosystem services refer to humans' benefits from natural ecosystems
Four branches of ecosystem services

 For ecosystems to remain stable, resilient, and able to deliver
important functions, biodiversity conservation is crucial (Oliver et al.,
2015)
 For instance, forests serve biodiversity, sinks, absorbing carbon dioxide
to help reduce the consequences of climate change.
 Communities can be shielded from the effects of natural disasters like
floods and storm surges by preserving and restoring coastal
ecosystems like mangroves and salt marshes.
 However, human activities such as deforestation, urbanization, and
overfishing have significantly impacted the provision of ecosystem
services (Lee & Miller-Rushing, 2014).
 Habitat loss and degradation have led to a decline in biodiversity,
reducing the ability of ecosystems to provide essential services and
ability to deliver essential services. For instance, the ability of coral
reefs to provide shelter as coasts from storm surges and provide
habitat for marine species is declining as a result of climate change
and human activity.
 Thus, it is crucial to preserve biodiversity and safeguard ecosystems to
ensure that they can continue to provide crucial services and aid in the
mitigation of climate change.
Role of Sustainable Development in Promoting Diversity

Conservation and Climate Change
BIODIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
 Biodiversity is crucial for achieving Sustainable Development

 Promotes ecological balance and sustains ecosystem for future
generations
 Sustainable Development is about finding a balance between growing
our economy, protecting the environment, and helping the society
thrive.
 Goal of Sustainable Development
 -is to promote balance between these three facets of development by
incorporating economic, social and environmental factors into decision-
making.
 Sustainable Development manages ecosystem to preserve their
ecological integrity while meeting human community demands.
 Requires a comprehensive strategy to manage natural resources,
acknowledging the interdependence of ecosystems and human
societies.
 By increasing renewable energy sources, enhancing energy efficiency,

and lowering greenhouse gas emissions, sustainable development also
help to mitigate climate change.
 Climate Change Mitigation
 Strategies for Sustainable Development
 -use of renewable energy sources like wind, solar and hydropower
 Methods for Sustainable Development
 -use of more efficient technologies in buildings and transportation
 In addition, promoting the presentation of forest and other ecosystems
that remove carbon dioxide from atmosphere.
 Overall:
 Sustainable Development
 -It helps lessen the effects of climate change
 -Plays a vital role in supporting biodiversity conservation
 -Maintains the long-term sustainability of the planet
 -Essential for balancing ecological preservation and climate action

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BIODIVERSITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE

• A significant threat to our planet.

• Caused by greenhouse gas emissions.

• Leads to rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and rising sea

• The variety of life on Earth.

• Essential for ecosystem health and human well-being.

• Threatened by human activities, including climate change.

Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity:

• Habitat Loss and Fragmentation: Destruction of natural habitats due to

• Altered Phenology: Disruption of biological cycles like migration, breeding,

• Range Shifts: Species moving to more suitable climates, leading to

• Increased Stress and Mortality: Extreme weather events and changing

• Ocean Acidification: Increased CO2 absorption in oceans, harming marine

• Spread of Invasive Species: Climate change can create favorable conditions

Addressing Climate Change and Protecting Biodiversity:

• Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Transitioning to renewable energy,

• Protecting and Restoring Ecosystems: Conserving forests, wetlands, and

• International Cooperation: The Paris Agreement aims to limit global

• Community-Based Conservation: Involving local communities in

Role of Biodiversity in Mitigating Climate Change

• By aiding in carbon sequestration and climate stabilization, biodiversity is

• Ecosystems rich in biodiversity are more resilient to climate change, as

• Therefore, protecting biodiversity is essential for mitigating climate change

• Morecroft et al. (2019) illustrated the importance of biodiversity,

• Forest creation in unsuitable areas

• Protection and expansion of natural/seminatural areas

• Natural fire regime restoration

Impact of Human Activities on Biodiversity and Climate Change

• Climate change and biodiversity have both been significantly impacted by

• Through destroying habitats and ecosystems, agriculture, urbanization, and

• Human actions have also contributed to climate change, particularly the

• This gas emission has led to changes in temperature, weather patterns,

• It is vital to address these effects through conservation initiatives that

• Governments, corporations, and individuals must all work together to

CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY AND ITS IMPORTANCE OF CLIMATE

 Conservation of biodiversity plays a crucial role in mitigating climate

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND THEIR IMPORTANCE FOR BIODIVERSITY

 Ecosystem services refer to humans' benefits from natural ecosystems

Four branches of ecosystem services

Role of Sustainable Development in Promoting Diversity

 Biodiversity is crucial for achieving Sustainable Development

 By increasing renewable energy sources, enhancing energy efficiency,

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