4. Linear Inequations

LINEAR INEQUATIONS
 A statement of inequality between two expressions involving a single variable, say x with highest power 1 , is called a linear inequation.
Symbols Used in Inequalities
 Less than is denoted by the symbol ¿ .
 Greater than is denoted by the symbol ¿.
 Less than or equal to is denoted by the symbol with a bar underneath it ≤ .
 Greater than or equal to is denoted by the symbol with a bar underneath it ≥
 The symbol usually indicates that the quantities on the left and right sides are not equal ≠.
Rules of Inequalities
 The inequality symbol remains unchanged when the same number is added to both sides of an inequality. For Example - if we have a¿b
then a+ c< b+c .
 The inequality sign is unaffected by subtracting the same amount from both sides of the inequality. For Example - if we have a> b, then
a−c >b−c .
 The inequality sign is unaffected by multiplying both sides of an inequality by a positive number. For Example - if we have a< band if c
is a positive number, then a × c< b ×c
 An inequality's sign is unaffected by dividing both sides by a positive number. For Example - If a< b and c is a positive number, then
a b
< .
c c
 Multiplying both sides of an inequality equation by the same negative number changes the direction of the inequality symbol. For
Example - If we have a< b and c is a negative number, then a × c> b ×c .
 Dividing both sides of an inequality equation by a same negative number changes the direction of the inequality symbol. For Example -
If we have a< b and if c is a negative number, then ac >bc .
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:
1. In which of the following cases, the sign of inequality does not reverse in a linear inequation ?
(a) On dividing a negative term both sides
(b) On adding a negative term to both sides
(c) On multiplying a negative term both sides
(d) On changing the sign of each term on both sides
2. If { x : 4 ≤ x< ∞} is a solution set of a linear inequation in x, then the solution set of x must be_______.
(a) N (b) Z (c) W (d) R
3. If x ∈ R, then the solution set of 8−3 x ≥ 28+2 x is:
(a) All real numbers less than (– 4)
(b) All real numbers less than or equal to (– 4)
(c) All real numbers greater than (– 4)
(d) All real numbers greater than or equal to -4
4. To receive grade A in a course, one must obtain an average of 90 marks or more in five examinations (each of 100 marks). If Sunita’s
marks in first four examinations are 87, 92, 94 and 95, the minimum marks that Sunita must obtain in fifth examination to get grade A in
the course, are
(a) 72 (b) 82 (c) 90 (d) None of these
5. Reshma has Rs. 120 and wants to buy some registers and pens. The cost of one register is Rs. 40 and that of a pen is Rs. 20. The
mathematical formulation of the given problem is
(a) 40 x +20 y=120
(b) 40 x +20 y >120
(c) 40 x +20 y ≥120
(d) 40 x +20 y ≤120
6. If -3 ≤ -4x+5 and x ε W, then the solution set is:
(a) { ….-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3…} (b) { 1, 2 } (c) { 0,1,2} (d) { 2, 3 4,5}
7. The solution set representing the following number line is :
(a) {x : x ∈ R ,−3 ≤ x<2 } (b) { x : x ∈ R ,−3< x <2}

(c) { x : x ∈ R ,−3 ≤ x ≤2} (d) x : x ∈ R ,−3< x ≤ 2}
ASSERTION AND REASONING BASED QUESTIONS:
1. Assertion : The solution set for the inequation 2 x+7 ≥ 17 , x ∈ W is {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
Reason: On subtracting by same number both the sides, inequality remains the same.
a.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion
b.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c.) assertion is true but the reason is false.
d.) both assertion and reason are false.
Ans: a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion
2. Assertion : Ravi obtained 70 and 75 marks in first two unit tests. Then, the minimum marks he should get in the third test to have an
average of atleast 60 marks is 35.
Reason :Mean =
∑ of all observations
product of all observations
a.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion
b.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c.) assertion is true but the reason is false.
d.) both assertion and reason are false.
Ans: c.) assertion is true but the reason is false.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS:
1. Solve the following inequation and answer the questions given below.
1 1 1
( 2 x−1 ) ≤ 2 x+ ≤ 5 + x
(a) Write the maximum and minimum values of x for x ∈ R.
2 2 2
(b) What will be the change in maximum and minimum values of x if x ∈ W

¿ (a) 5, -1 (b) No change in maximum value, minimum value will change to 0]
1 −1 1
2. Solve the following inequation and write down the solution set and represent it on the number line; −8 < −4 x ≤ 7 . x ∈ I
2 2 2
3. Solve the following inequation and write down the solution set:
11 x−4<15 x +4 ≤ 13 x +14 , xϵW
Represent the solution on a real number line.
4. Solve the following inequation and represent the solution set on the number line.
3x x
+2< x+ 4 ≤ +5 , x ∈ R
5 2
5. If P is the solution set of −3 x+ 4 <2 x – 3 , x ∈ N and Q is the solution set of

4 x−5<12 , x ∈ W. Find :
(i) P ∩Q
(ii) Q–P [{2,3,4}, {0,1}]
6. One-third of a bamboo pole is buried in mud, one-sixth of it is in water and the part above the water is greater than or equal to 3 metres.
Find the length of the shortest pole. [6]

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LINEAR INEQUATIONS

(a) {x : x ∈ R ,−3 ≤ x<2 } (b) { x : x ∈ R ,−3< x <2}

(b) What will be the change in maximum and minimum values of x if x ∈ W

5. If P is the solution set of −3 x+ 4 <2 x – 3 , x ∈ N and Q is the solution set of

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