,_ ,. w ,e ooww :x r: _ ,.

: Ii ,' , . 1>'1. Jan of Sta~ters 43

~ ' •
i'I'< ... . . .
,~.1 · Three Point St..1rter :
i • -~,.
i.:.-
r------ ~- ~---------- --~I
I
I
I
I
I

direct!{
No-Volt
coll
35 amp

l•
.t
I
I
I
(NVC)

II
I
I
Over Load - -
I Coll (OL(;)

I
lo
D
I.

l
.y resul I
I L F A_ I
L..----- _j

DC Armature
supply
--,go--

. FIG. 2.1

• Fig. 2.J shows three point starter. ·

• The starter has three main terminals L, A and F. means +Ve Line, Field and Armature.
• It has startir,g resistance which is divided into several sections and conn~ctt:~ in series
with armature.

!!!"-_Jhe tapping points of starting resistance are brought out IQ numbers of studs.
I

I • The no volt coil (NVC) is connected in the shunt field circuit. One end of handle is connected
to the terminal L through the overload release :ULR) coil.

-I
Iii r mm
 t,:t,·uu·uf ~ of Fkd I kul f)n•~• ;
•
4• .. _____......,.. .,...,."'"''--•~•u•,•-·""' ~ .,.. .,, ~-~· - 1 -l l -:-,-,~-~J;;:~~~;;,~,~~h,~l<)l-k ~,~e ~1
·- ~,--...,.~
.--- · . 11 1 , ;ly 1ij ~w1t1·111' l 1 1111 111111 . 1 , •
• To ~,11,\ thn 111111111 , ,.. 4l JI . I I • ,-, I ,u,d flil' (tcl<f i~ ~ tlllllt'l (c..i •
I
. l'' lllllfl wti,1 n I'" Ium,,•1 ll ll.lllr,-
' I I' ' l' lllll(l'l I1011 Wtl i I jl ' :,.~
~ .
I t' .,
'I '
.
1111I 1n M.'fl CS
l 11 ·
'
dm;ll
1
.
Iy 1iO!l11 "
~ '"\j 1111~ 1t11•t Ill lhit ~Ullii' IJIII(! I,,,
It llfl ~ 1c ~1.. l nlll , . l!I
t' II Ill h • ' •. ,
,

~\,h 1h,•·• i,11111111111•, t -, rlw - ~ 1·. n

rr~uan"c;
~1:1rr111i '
i.low Iy
,,i~~-• IIJl ~prr(t, 1l1f I11111,Iti ' • til~ 'flJIIIHllg ,11, >V<'11 1111t, • • •
A, lht. tnnlilf ·1 • . •. 'tis l,diJ sviiMt the actu,n h
• rrn1\11n1\y rntoot , Wt,r.n tht hrm,11~ Wit< Wli ,c
po!)1l1<1'1, '
~ t
~
c< nu«:l<'A in ~ric::.~ wi th
f• • ,dlrJ 1hr, holJ up 111:tJ!llt'. ,
,.
r·f ,ho •1tth1J hy • •ufl Iron m11i•~ I "' , . , I <·<f Ct) Jll~ s1a,1ing handle. s
~h11nl (,rM whid1 "If 111J.'l1t the! ~ ,,f I iroll pk(,e ,111:i<. ' , . II
. . . t · l"lly ,·ut olf and m0tor st.:uts
, ,· 11 e re~lfiMnce 1:; () ... "
When tho h1rndle! rc11d1c1 "ON' po111ft(Jn, . ' • • ·1·d the t1Jr;<lk will f,
• runn,n&"' norn111I t1>1'<'..d, ,r '!',e_•"l'P y £',. , . . ,
.1 · .
I .,, mterrupteJ f..)f yJ ~c,;omi ~.<..: <;: •
•- 111.Joncli -ii:J . C<1n ·..c:qucn1.ly, d
b· k to the ••()I• I-'" p<>•tlloll jjJ> the 110 voll ,oil gd ~ ~.k ,, .
I ,pn11g at. . 1
the uw1or i• di~or111r.~IC!d from the i,upply .11us prevent$ t ic ) O½ tt . .
• t 1 ,11111 off fu,r s, a~ Jt v.nu!1
.• A 1..~ · h t. di in the ''ON'' po!11t1on .
he. tf the \Upply were re-111orcu ,~1ng ' c 1an e
:r
f'uncdon or Ovrr
l.oad O..U (01£) : . L
1
An o"er load coil iii an electromagnet fitted in the ~tarter. This ~om,i~t s of ~,na!I nw ;t·-cr ,.
◄ • of turns of thid. wire. It is connc.cted in s~ries with tlu.~ motor .ind carric!> the line currerJ. is
1
l Jf the motor becomes over loaded beyond a certain predetermined value , the stnr ..[i i)
up and it ,hort circuits the "No Volt Coif' (NYC) cin.:uit. Hence the h,m<!l.! i5
15 lifted 1
relea~ and pu11cd back to lhe off position due to spring act_ion. 1 hus the motor ~
disconnected from the supply and is protected against over loading.
~s
2.l.2 Four Point Starter : , b

• When ,peed control of d,c. m?lor is to he done, a variable resistance is connected in series L
with the faeld winding. When three-point starter is used, there one difficulty arises. Tc i
•·., . ~ the gpeed. the field resistance has to be increas:ed. This reduces till! field cur:-er.! 11 •
Now thi1 f1eld current passes through the NVC, so the n:13gneti<:m of the- N\'C is \\e:ikene'd. >r
. •. So it i1 unable to create enough c,ecuomagnetic pull, to over coi&: the srring t~r.,iJr..
Hence the 5tarting arm is pull back to the OFF position and thus disn"nnecting the mori)f •
from the supply, So l·JK)int ~tarter is not used for variable ~~cd J .c. motor. to

• ·fig._~-2 WIOWI the ~ o n of tbc four-poiut starter.

When the handle• ...is shifted to. the fiu1t. stud from the off stud, current .1li d.J\:l: d-·d in 1r ·
.L. • . •,,, __ ., . "'
'!"ee parts. . !).

I. One. part goes to the armatu re through the starting

· resistance.
Second
2. · w.ar1 lhe . . . . rS1 \'C) .
r-· goes to current hmttmg resistance lhrou~,h
e
the nu voll (tlll ' ;
,-fin of Starters
J. Third part goes to the .fie~d . .. . , .
w19d1ng ·through the tield-r~·~ ·=-----...'.4~5
. .. ies1stance.
r----- .
I
I
I
'
====-=---
--~---=·-.. .;--;_: -_~-=·-------- 7
I
I I
I ' I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I //~ I
I /,,,,/ I
~~~, (NVC)
I1
I I
No-Volt
I coil
I I
I I
I
I I
1 a · b I
I 4 I
I I
Overload D ·
I Release I
I Al
L _____ ~f -~
----------- _J

-t
DC Armature
supply Ra

FIG. 2.2 ·

• Slarting .
· rs are cut when ·the handle
· resisto ·
is taken slowly .. an<I when
to the on pos111on
·
the· stani ng resistance 1s ·
• fully cut, the annature · is connected directly across the supp IY·
0
. As lhe s·upptY .
· no cltange
· _lo the no volt coil is in~ependent;--there 1s ·in ·t1·ie cum:nt f
Nvc d . . .. . I
~e to the changes in the field resistance. L1 is connected to the posittve termma
of the s~PPtY and L2 .1s connected to the negative · of_the suppIY·
. terminal
►
I

.$6
Elements of Electrical Design '
• b :.\"'te J\."l:;it i!:t.nct, &here IUt' 11,rce tcm1in.aJs c 6. L. A and F. While in four-point starter; '
ur h:r tcrmir.als tr. l. 1• L2• F and A.
t"r"t

Z: ' T•~-1\'lfnt Sbrtn :

r--------------------7
I --r~- I t
I .w,--,--.. I (

I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I ~_,. I
I .-...:i:I~ I
I I
I I
spring l
l
I-
I
I
D I
(OYerload I
------ -----~~---- ~~
SERJES FlB.D
WINDING
..
ARMATURE

I
FlG. 2.3

• I:i d,c. ~ r:iotor. the current limiting variable resistance is ronnecteJ in series with
L~ ~~- There are only two tenninals coming out of this type of starter. One terminal
v.fad1 is cwu.d L is connected to the positive of the supply and other terminal which
is maned A is coonected 10 the motor. Negative terminal of the motor is conrected to
me negArive terminal of the supply. There is an electromagnet in the starter over which
a oo \'Olt arJ is wound. Coil of the over load rely is connected in series, Terminals a
~ --·· - ur b are in parallel to the NVC.
• ~-r.ezs the IUpply is gi\·cn and the handle is brought to the on stud, the supply is given
to lhc mcxor through the current limiting resistance, which limi1s the staning current. The
 .. , -
!>esign.
--._;.l· ·Design of Starters. ,r .
..
starter
• I resistance is cut slow! . . 47
position h. I • y when the handle is lllovcJ sl l '
. . , t e soft iron piccc(s) is nttrnctcd . owy ro the on po.~ilion. In the on
resistance is fully cut nnd I . : . to the ori electromagnet of NVC tl1e ·t· .
· lllotor g 'l I f
l IC ·• s art1ng
'- c s t ,c. ull supply voltage.
4 DESIGN OF,, S~UER~: ·
<;Tu, Mny 2015, 201(,, Der. 2012, 2015
I
2.4.1 Resistanrc Cnlculatlon Or DC
1'
c:f • ' Shunt Motor Starter :
'\

.ff)
, l

R
R2
_ _ __ _,.!R [l__ _ _ •I

l
,. Rn.1 ~
Rn
STUDS OF STARTER !r-•--.u.811:o•J.!1■.;.;ir;•--~
•l
•~--~r-A JlMA-~- ~----17 I
I 1
I
SUPPLY .L_. ______n-1 n n+1 II ARMATURE
VOLTAGE ____ J

FIELD ,

FIG. 2.4 : SIMPLIFIED CONNECTION OF STARTER WITH D.C. SHUNT MOTOR

«
I

• Let,
11 = Upper Currl!nt limit during starting. l
I
I~ = Lower current li,nit during starting
i;
n = Number of resistance sections or elemenLs
n + l =· number of studs
. .
;
' s with
R1, R2, R3 .:.. ~n+l = Total resistance in circuit, on · 1s1, ~nd, 3nct...
•I rminal r1, r2, r3, .... = resistances of sections
which ra = Motor armature sections
J
:led to
V = Supply .voltage
which ·
nals a ~ = Back e.m.f.
• • The resis~• between different studs should be so ·graded that the current remains
beteween upper and lower limits. The \'ariation of current during starting process is sh0wn
I given
·'
l ,t. The in fig. 2.5 .
 : Elements of Electr· ·
I , 48 ,. _ , ICall\
1 , 1, .· . . ' ~

Current
J2!.-~- ~ _.::)f--~r --"t'7 7.
.I
I
t
.I
I I
I I I
I I I I
I I I
I ,.,.. d .... , I I I
I I I I
l I
I
I
I
I
I
I I I
"'--""
2 3
------
4 5 ------ -- nme
6
stud■

Fig. 2.5 Variation of Current during starting

• When starter·arm makes contact with stud No. 1, the current immediately rise hJ vii

V
I,=- (:. N = 0 So Eb = 0)
R,
• As the speed grows up, ~ack emf Ebl is developed and hence the armalure rurrenr <lecrc
to valu~ 12•
_ V - E1,1
I2 -
Ra
• When the staner·are again move to stud No. 2, the current ag.iin ri se to value 1• h·-
1
some resistance is cutout. ln very short time speed doesn ·t chanoe
emf (Eb 1) is unaltered.
::, so the v:ih1t: 1•f i .
II -- V - Eb2

R2 ·.
• In d.c. shu~nt motor, the back emf Eb a. N.~. In d.c. shunt motor N and ~ an: ctll1i'.!
'I Ebl = Eb2 . .
I
·1 · from equation_(I) and (2)

·.'J .!t·= R, . .
. '. j- .. . .. l2 ; R2 : .. . .... ,.
;w:''?' ~: ' S,llliMj:~~--a;~i Ill .~ linc1:(~
......: !,:_ ' ' •.. : ... ·: .; ~ ... / . . . ' : ' ·. ·, ' .
0

+ I>°' siud ~~ I2 Md .iI rcs~c;~dy. '

.
. :.'j::· .. ': : .
~

,.,
I• ·

'
 ·Design or Starters 49

_ V - E1,11
I2 -
R,,
_ V •· E1,,,
and I1 - - - - -
R~♦ I /'

lI R,, .... (4j

- =---
' 2 R,, ~ '
So. from equation (3) and (4)

'I R1 R,, - 1 = - R/1

- = - = .......... , = - ::a Cl (Assume) .. m
'l l I

R,, R11 ♦ I
12 R2
l
Now,

a
11 _ RI
_
X
_R2
X ........ .. . X
Rn - I _R,,
X
I
j ./
I

R2 R3 R,, R11 t l
I·

ct.'' =-'
R
,~ (·: R//i I= 'i,) I
J
:s R Jf, .... (6)
Cl= _j_
( r,,
• If we know the value of RI and armature resistance ru, we can calculate tl,e value of

•
a by using equation (6).

Now from equation (5), we get II I

I
l
R1
a =: R2

R,
R,,I• = -a
,,t.
•I

Ele,.Ele_Design.•(Sem-V)/2016/ 7
 1-
;,

19 .I: ~o
' i' .
~
1,:1t-mr11H or ti:!Hlrlrnl lh:1cl1:11

r" • R(Ml ) •
.&.
u
1:1
r '[., • Sl, rcsi~t;m(e or ditl'l-rent l,CCtions
,·. , . r1 = R1 - R2
r2 = R2 - R3
r.l = R.1 - R.a
. . -- - - . --
\ rn '"" Rn - Rn+I .
·,
\ \ Ex:,mple-2.1 : The armature resistance or u 250 V D.C. shunt motor _l!I O.! n. Tht

l ~ inimum and maximum current durina= starting are 50.25 A nnd 67 A resprclhcly,
Dt·trrmi,w the nmnher or srctions or the starter and resistance of cnch scrllon,

l Solution :

Supply voltage : 250 V

Armature rt:sistanct: r0 = 0.5 Q
Ma).imum current 11 = 67 A
Minimum current" 12 = 50.25 A
6)
Now,
of V
R1 = -
11
=-250
67
=3.73 n
Also,
I 67 ' · -- •.. ~ ,y..

u = _J_ =- - - = 1.33
~
12 50.25 - ~
t

a " = _& = 3.73 =!7.46!

·r,, .o.5 _ l '-..J.~
Q
= In 1.46 ~ 'r1...
'-- n J,i a
lli-o< -- l~
n ln
n =1
1.33 = In 1.46 _j ;J
rn,
- ----·
no. of sections of the starter (n) = 7 ! l ... Ans.
r-----
1 '
· Now,

R1 = 3.73 n
 .
!·;
1! ·
or Startt.rs S1
R '2.-~
- l
R2 = .:.:.l.= f.80 n l
'
a }.
1,
R
Rl =~= 2.10 n !.
a ~
,.~
R ~
'R 4 = ~ = 1.ss n I!
R
a
R5 = -.i = 1.19 0
a.

I
~
I
~
t

·r
t •'!
!ii
R
R6 =~=0.89 0
I
J
a I
R
R7 = _!_ = 0.67 0
a.
R1
R1 =-=0.50O
. a.
,1 = R, - R2 =!0.93 nl
r1 = R2
r =R
3 3 -
r5 = Rs -
,6 = R6 -

- R3 90.70
R =!0.52 OI
4
,.. = R4 - Rs :z:!0.39 nl
R7
OI
R6 =I0.30

OI
=lo.22 nl "

I I
\
r7 ~·R; -R 1 ={o:"i'fnl
(Check R1 is equal to .ra)
Example-2.l : The armature resistance of 220 V D.C. shunt motor is 0.4 n. Tht full
.load CUfflJlt Is 26 Amp. The ratio of maximum current at starting to full load cumnt
or
-·• l.538. Calculate tbe number resis~nce St(ti~ns and ,·alue of each resistan~e sectiom
to be used In this starttr.
Solutioa :
Supply voltage = 220 V D.C.
~
r· Armature resistance ra = 0.4 0
a =@ill
-.--
' .
1:
~- I
 •
M.,,\1 ;111111 \ 1111ml 11 .., u I}

I u \8 ¥, }(,)

,, ,10 Atup,

ff
'

.', 11 In fi •- /11 I \,'"

II ,,, I ~ IK ,.. ,,, 11 ·,~
II ,.. (1 )
"'
f
I
I 111 1. 11f •.n ti111" 111 1111.' ~1111trr (I,) l~·<
LI
,I~, · ~.Hl
lt 1 ,~t, - :U7 U
a.

I,, - It 2
' ) " • Sli. 'I• • , \'l
. .''
.
U,

' ' 1
I{ ~"1 • ~~- -=- 0.1)K U
. • ll
R,~
1{ 11 .. , \ " O,hJ U
lt

R, Q -~~.Fi OAI n
(t
\
'
· ·n,e \'Uluc or the srdion ,c~l~rnn,·\'~ ure
, 1 :.i R1 - R·, c.ln."-' uj
r1.:. R: - R.t :;(1.25 Uj
~, :: RJ - R4 ::(0.K1)2!
' '.' '• :: R. - R~~10.~3 ,D • ct \ , t CI

rs ..: Rs - 1~ 1, ' [OJ5 ill

 : 'lgn of Startns . . 7J
.,, . ... ·. (ti) This st:irting c11m·n1 passes lhr:\lUgh th~ suppl~ linl'IJ .~o them i~ tcrnpornry voltage
,.. J.. ' " I I 'I 11
:!!~:. connccti:d
dr0p in thi.: supply lrnc.~. ,111 t ti.: vo la~c 11va1 11 l l' 111 the otlitr mnc,liinc~
10
· · this ~nppl;· 1i11cs is dropp!!d. 11111~ncnr·ndly due to wh kh t/u: ~peed dc<.rca~c 111 ,Jmcn-
wrily nnJ rist·s :,~nin . lf there is freqrtl'lll slmtln~ ;md .~lopping, !line will fir; continu-
ous Jist11rbt1nccs.
lf the startin~ cur-renl is 1imit1•d usin~ the 11tartcr, both lhl! uhovc prol,lcm~ a, c CJvcrc.omc,
(l) rnih'l'lion ngnlnst the o\'cr lond nl\d the no volt : Normally in the st:irrcrR, in aduition to
limit in~ 1;1r stnrting current, :irrcngcmrnt is provided to slop the motor when the mot<ir
~t:n1s taking cllm'. nt more th:rn it ~ roted currrnt. So thr. motor tR proh~CIC'd ngninNI the over
l1\hl.

\\'hen thr motor is rnnning and when the supply fail s the arrangcmrnt is made ro hring the
handle of the starter to the off position, so the motor docs not start of its own when the supply
is re.~torcd. rf this feature is not provided, the motor will start without lir,niting rhe starting
cum:nt and the damage may occur to the motor due to increc1sed srnrting current.
'2.8.J Types of starters :
The following types of starters are used for the three- pha.,e induction rno10r.
•
(l) Din~ct on lin1~starter -~

(2) ,\11lc transformer starter J fl\(

(]) Star-delta ~tarta ..J fl\

(a) Manual (h) Semi automatic (c) Fully automatic
.(4) Rotor resistance starter \,.r-

(I) Direct on line {DOL) starter : ~ GTU, May 201<,, Dcc.-.201J, 2015
• In figure 2.11 is shown the,.control circuit and in figure
2.12 is shown the pdwcr drcuit of the. DOL starter.. . BT
• Looking to the control circuit it is found that, contactor OFFh
C is connected in series with ·off button B1, on button ON~ 82 I C4
a;. contact e of the over load rela)f~and connected
across the supply terminals B and Y. Hold on contact
C4 of contactor C is connected in parallel to the on
. push button 13 2. These connections arc _aJso .shown.jn . . C
the power circuit. ·
Y----

Fig. 2.11 Control circuit

ot the 0OL starter
1
§
 - -- - - -... - ~..... ....__~.....~ - l l . ! 0 > ~ 1 ~ ........n..JLIJ/b.t~Mo....-1ai,.-;~ u
. ' .... ... . ;;.;:.. • ·---

j
7! Elcmrnb of 1':lcrlrlcal fle~lgn
•'
·-1. ►'
ln piJ,,cr drcuit 1)10 conncctionJ of lends UVW of the motor through thermal over
\ l('t1J relay ~nJ m:,in c~ntacts .C: , C nnd C 'of the. main contaclor C ond the main
1 1 3
!ti'.' sw1t..:h to the supply phu~c·R, Y; B are· shown . .
t~ whtn the m:1in swit~h ls m:1Je on nnd
when th.! ON push button B2 is prc~scd,
the Cl'ntac!Or C is enl'rgiM1.
Mnin contncts C1• C2, and C~ nre con-
;-1 I
E ·t-•.
,w~t~J nnJ the 111\'tor gets power motor
st:ms. Hold \ln contact C4 is also cncr-
.: r1--r-r1
L;;, ,-r-"/ :MAIN SWITCH
giml. \\'hl:n the fingl'r from the on push r I
i I
huuon i, liftect. tlwn nlso the supply to
l: L
the contactor is continued through the r- ..,______ _ 7
cont:1ct C4• , let ........,__ __, 1
I I I
1

When th\! OFF pu~h button Rt is prl!ssed. L_,.l ......_.,;.._""' II

'I I
Cir,;uit ol contactor C breaks and · rI II 2 I
I
contactor C i~ de-e,wrgiZl'd. Contact c of I I I
I I I
th~ ovl!r lond relay · opens und· the II L ·'
---------~
rnnta,tor C is lle-t>nagizl'.d. Motor stops I THERMAL
: OVER LOAD
as the supply ln the: motor is cut off. L-- RELAY

I'
i!
(2) Auto transformer starter ': Fig. 2.12 DOL ,tarter
• · In this starter rcduw su?.ply volt-
age is given to the motor with the help
of the auto transformer ot the time of t
starting. So the motor starts taking the
RUN I!'\ 1 I!'\ 1 I!'\ 1
. reduced current at starting. When mo- · /. I◄ / / _ _ _ __,
W/
l tor gathers speed the auto transformer . Off {t 4' 4 ~ (11
l is disconnected and the full suppl) START
.\ ·
voltage is given to _the motor.
In figure 2.13 manual starter is shown.
A 6-pole, three-position switch is
'T~- shown. There arc three posi_tions of .Ill~-... ,
, switch : OFF, START and RUN. No
power is nvail~ble to the motor in the Fig. 2_13 Manual auto transformer starter
'j
i·' OFF positi~n of the handle.
 nlffllFIII

i:.:
(
I

L
73
·~gn -Gf Starten
When the main switch is made m l :-1ml till'
81
h~~uc is bro\lght to tho START position, sup- 82..-=~
Off'
ON
ply tem,inals R, Y, B are connected to the tl' l •
m~·als a. b, c of the .auto transformer through r, I S2
. e
the tenninals 2, 4, 6 of the sta1ter and the re-
l1
duced voltage is applied to the motor. Motor
s TO
starts laking the reduced starting current.
• 'When the motor runs at about 70 % of the v-1.----+----4~-
nonnal speed, the handle is brought quickly to Fig. 2.14 Control circuit of tF,e
*
l
the RUN position, supply leads R, Y, B are automatic autotransformer C
~
ronnectc- · •o t\Je motor leads directly through
--,
t
l
the contacts 2, 4, 6 and l, 3, 5 of the starter. Motor gets the ful1 voltage. In this starter .1
I
3\
11::1 l
t also the over load protection and the no volt protection arc provided as usual (It is not
I shown in this).

-·
7

, 62 ~
I
• Let ..::. suppose that the motor takes the starting t:u1-re11l lsc when CO!rncctcd directly to i
•
.
--.J
I

'
the supply. If the lapping of the auto transformer is K, then the motor rnnt:nt becomes
equal to K /sc> while the R - - - - - - - - - - - I
"
supply line current l----4-I--4r-----
r+-f-l-:
•. becomes equal to K2 lsc·
1
• Due to the use of the auto l - -; I MAIN SWITCH
I :
transformer the cost of this I . I
• I I
• ' .· starter is more. L- - - .J
UPPLY
• ..In figures 2.14 and 2.15
·. ...
•
I
I
1
;
t
j .
the circuits . of the ~
aulOmali(- auto transformer
starter are ~wn. In figure
2.14 dM: control circuit and
R 1
·

AUTOTRANSFORMER
in figure 2.1 S is shown the
t . ~ circuit.
'

1
I r
• When thc,st,11 push button
ii- pressed. circuit of the
cont.actor S is completed lliERMAL

' . ,...
f and its coil is energized. OVERLOAD
f RELAY
I Motor gets supply through Fig. 2.15 Automatic
·the auto transformer. autotransformer starter
1 .
e._ae_Delign_(S--V}/2016/ 10
• •
.
♦ .
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M, ,11,1 11 .. ,,~ 1.1~\li )' IIII ,, I l•I' ' I I I 11/f,, ,, di\ l <J')f ./l ,,,, •, j
') • .I! f
'1111' ,, ; '
I I

• I Iw- II l 1,11 11•

• I} ., , ,I
I I., II I \ I l
'I, )'1 f (' 1111•1·· IHI ( '1,1,1
.~, I '>1 u Ill ,,,H,111· I ,,, I ,,
I ,
•.,, \Jtll 1 ''"' 1 ~rr It 1i11,
1 1 111 ,I, 11,,111th•· 'ii P,HI l, 11 ,,11, ,1i,, • 1;,;,I /
1 1 11
1,, , , ,1 · ~
111i1t1111 \ i1•111t11,11 ii 111,,I 111(' , ,,111
11' t,,r :1 ,i111:1111~ i,11
I H11lf ~,, _ •·''l'f ily
• , t,M t.. :.,, il11! , M Iii¢ 1nut afl :i1, ii 111:,, fo ''" ·111,~11 llv: i,•·I 111:,1: I', 1
,,,. , , , ,. '

11,,,", 1,,r Hv,• ,, t,111,,,11 , :; 1 it, ,,,,,,,,:1lly,<.l

1 1 1
#A ',,,, 1.'.1 ,11111.11,,
so ,ti~ l1i1111,1.1,,r ~ 111'.<.im ,u 1,pr.:11. 'I l,11~tilt c.11111:J1. 1
t ,r •; 1,.~1,11 1•,~ 1,ii1.n :s,.,, y i;:,
duitd. Aulol11111tfo111itJ I• di~<.w1111;t,lrJf
f"'11l 11,r, cirvot ~,ll tt/: u1il 1
,r ii .1,:,1
1

~,,Htly , ,,,~ t.-11pply. ny r,1r H111v, 11,i: ,,11

11 1,1111,,11 H1,,, 1! 11/1 ,, 1,v:1,ir.z '" ,11: .,.
c.1J1,t:«. I e, the trn,t ur t.lnp~.
()) ~11ar •◄hlht ,111,h-r :
111In, l11lt :
• 1,tt II\ Wl' flli ~ tl,at II l11a11 (,(Jlirtl;(.. l~rl
t:, I\ VY1;n l))fl:;1; 1,!J,1·1: '.i'lrl I · I':,.; •,·
in1ld
I llnd die li11e v,,1t11it vf tl1e loati are e1io ,•.
\ ii,I,
\ • 11-iase current t,( the ltJad i, /JC 1.11JLJ
11,c liu,; c1m1;,11t i~ ./ j I:,
! I
I.
I
I
I
I
I

(
1'
I
I
F1g, 2.11 Prtndple of the ,tar-~l
1· ll atarte,
I
I • W t~ lhe aame load i, W>netced int.tar
and c,,rmect!1J t1J tLe tu; ;Jy. c--l, , •-..,:
r
V,Jltage CJ( Vi l .fi v,Jll&, .,, ttll! J,ha
-.e curm1t lie:c..,,:ne} J" I ./3 a·.J
i' Line ~ u ~ ~_tlic _l(t~ is cor,nteltd
in ~•~ /,~/ .[J
Line cuffcnt wtien the ~r.sd i~;;~~~1td
i; tk!w
-- -- -- -- :- -~ -- - --:...::..=-~:/ :-.,_::. C

• , . TI11n whtn lt.e mvtor , or,oo:ltd in

/
-- .. I 1

dtltlf iJ it.st ltli ,,;r.::::-.. ,,ni JH .tu i:

,
#
, ~
'
'
. , •:
mtAfJf' ~iridmi t..c-,r,<,/f.J;\ l I ./3 limn 1111d tl;i: 11JM,I) .,,~:1.:r,1 i, .-1.,1 1
,:11 - II ' ( ,
r
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