EXPERIMENT - 1

a) Displaying default value of all primitive data types

AIM: To write a JAVA program to display default value of all primitive data type ofJAVA
SOURCE-CODE:
class DefaultDemo
{
static byte b;
static short s;
static int i; static
long l; static float
f; static double d;
static char c;
static boolean bl;
public static void main(String[] args)
{
System.out.println("The default values of primitive data types are:");System.out.println("Byte :"+b);
System.out.println("Short :"+s);
System.out.println("Int :"+i);
System.out.println("Long :"+l);
System.out.println("Float :"+f);
System.out.println("Double :"+d);
System.out.println("Char :"+c);
System.out.println("Boolean :"+bl);
}
}
OUT-PUT:
The default values of primitive data types are:
Byte :0
Short :0
Int :0
Long :0
Float :0.0
Double :0.0
Char :
Boolean :false

.
b)Roots of a quadratic equation
AIM: To write a java program that display the roots of a quadratic equation ax2+bx=0.
Calculate the discriminate D and basing on value of D, describe the nature of root.
SOURCE-CODE:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class QuadraticEquationExample1
{
public static void main(String[] Strings)
{
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the value of a: ");
double a = input.nextDouble();
System.out.print("Enter the value of b: ");
double b = input.nextDouble();
System.out.print("Enter the value of c: ");
double c = input.nextDouble();
double d= b * b - 4.0 * a * c;
if (d> 0.0)
{
double r1 = (-b + Math.pow(d, 0.5)) / (2.0 * a);
double r2 = (-b - Math.pow(d, 0.5)) / (2.0 * a);
System.out.println("The roots are " + r1 + " and " + r2);
}
else if (d == 0.0)
{
double r1 = -b / (2.0 * a);
System.out.println("The root is " + r1);
}
else
{
System.out.println("Roots are not real.");
}
}
}

Output 1:

Output 2:
b) Bike Race:
AIM: Five Bikers Compete in a race such that they drive at a constant speed which may or may not be the
same as the other. To qualify the race, the speed of a racer must be more than the average speed of
all 5 racers. Take as input the speed of each racer andprint back the speed of qualifying racers.
SOURCE-CODE:
import java.util.*;
class RaceDemo
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
float s1,s2,s3,s4,s5,average;
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter speed of first racer:");s1 =
s.nextFloat();
System.out.println("Enter speed of second racer:");s2 =
s.nextFloat();
System.out.println("Enter speed of third racer:");s3 =
s.nextFloat();
System.out.println("Enter speed of fourth racer:");s4 =
s.nextFloat();
System.out.println("Enter speed of fifth racer:");s5 =
s.nextFloat(); average=(s1+s2+s3+s4+s5)/5;
if(s1>average)
System.out.println("First racer is qualify racer:");else
if(s2>average)
System.out.println("Second racer is qualify racer:");else
if(s3>average)
System.out.println("Third racer is qualify racer:");else
if(s4>average)
System.out.println("Fourth racer is qualify racer:");else
if(s5>average)
System.out.println("Fifth racer is qualify racer:");
}
}
OUT-PUT:
Enter speed of first racer:
4.5
Enter speed of second racer:
6.7
Enter speed of third racer:
3.8
Enter speed of fourth racer:
5.3
Enter speed of fifth racer:
4.9

Second racer is qualify racer:

c) A case study:
AIM: A case study on public static void main(250 words)
Case study:
The SOURCE-CODE structure of a simple java SOURCE-CODE is given below withdifferent steps

Step-1: Click start+run and then type notepad in run dialog boxand click OK. It displays Notepad.
Step-2: In run dialogbox type cmd and click OK. It displays command prompt.
Step-3: Type the following SOURCE-CODE in the Notepad and save the SOURCE-CODEas
“example.java” in a current working directory.
class example
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
System.out.println(“Welcome”);
}
}
Step-4 (Compilation): To compile the program type the following in current workingdirectory and then
click enter.
c:\xxxx >javac example.java
Step-5 (Execution): To run the program type the following in current working directory andthen click enter.
c:\xxxx>java example

Explanation:
Generally the file name and class name should be same. If it is not same then the java filecan be compiled
but it cannot be executed. That is when execution it gives the following error

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: exIn “public

static void main(String args[])” statement

public is an access specifier. If a class is visible to all classes then public is used main() must be
declared as public since it must be called by outside of its class. The keyword static allows
main() to be called without creating object of the class.The keyword void represents that main( )
does not return a value.
The main method contains one parameter String args[].
We can send some input values (arguments) at run time to the String args[] of the main method . These
arguments are called command line arguments. These command linearguments are passed at the
command prompt.
In System.out.println("Welcome"); statement
System is a predefined class that provides access to the system.
out is the OUT-PUT stream.
println() method display the OUT-PUT in different lines. If we use print() method itdisplay the
OUT-PUT in the same line
 EXPERIMENT - 2
a) Implementation of Binary search mechanism
AIM: To write a JAVA program to search for an element in a given list of elements usingbinary search
mechanism
SOURCE-CODE:
import java.util.Scanner;
class binarysearchdemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int n, i, num,first, last, middle;int a[
]=new int[20];
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("Enter
total number of elements:");n = s.nextInt();
System.out.println("Enter elements in sorted order:");for (i =
0; i < n; i++)
a[i] = s.nextInt();
System.out.println("Enter the search value:");num =
s.nextInt();
first = 0; last
= n - 1;
middle = (first + last)/2;
while( first <= last )
{
if ( a[middle] < num )first =
middle + 1;
else if ( a[middle] == num )
{
System.out.println("number found");break;
}
else
{
last = middle - 1;
}
middle = (first + last)/2;
}
if ( first > last )
System.out.println( " Number is not found");
}
}
OUT-PUT:
Enter total number of elements:5
Enter elements:
24689
Enter the search value:8
number found
b) Bubble sort:
AIM: To write a JAVA program to sort for an element in a given list of elements usingbubble sort
SOURCE-CODE:
import java.util.Scanner;
class bubbledemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int n, i,j, temp;
int a[ ]=new int[20];
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("Enter
total number of elements:");n = s.nextInt();
System.out.println("Enter elements:");for (i
= 0; i < n; i++)
a[i] = s.nextInt();
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n-1;j++)
{
if(a[j]>a[j+1])
{
temp=a[j];
a[j]=a[j+1];
a[j+1]=temp;
}
}
}
System.out.println("The sorted elements are:");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
System.out.print("\t"+a[i]);
}
}
OUT-PUT:
Enter total number of elements:
10
Enter elements:
3257689140
The sorted elements are:
0123456789
c) Merge sort:
AIM: To write a JAVA program to sort for an element in a given list of elements usingmerge sort
SOURCE-CODE:
import java.util.*;
class mergedemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int n1,n2,i,j,k;
int a[ ]=new int[20];int
b[ ]=new int[20]; int c[
]=new int[20];
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("Enter number
of elements in first array:");n1 = s.nextInt();
System.out.println("Enter sorted elements of first array:");for (i = 0;
i < n1; i++)
a[i] = s.nextInt();
System.out.println("Enter number of elements in second array:");n2 =
s.nextInt();
System.out.println("Enter sorted elements of second array:");for (j = 0; j
< n2; j++)
b[j] = s.nextInt();i =
0;
j = 0;
k = 0;
while((i < n1) && (j <n2))
{
if(a[i] > b[j])
c[k++] = b[j++];
else
c[k++] = a[i++];
}
while(i < n1)
c[k++] = a[i++];
while(j < n2)
c[k++] = b[j++];
System.out.println("After merging the elements are:\n");for(i = 0;
i < (n1 + n2); i++)
System.out.print("\t"+c[i]);
}
}
OUT-PUT:
Enter number of elements in first array:6
Enter elements of first array:
8 9 12 13 15 18
Enter number of elements in second array:5
Enter elements of second array:6 7
10 11 20
After merging the elements are:6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 15 18 20
d) Implementing StringBuffer:
AIM: To write a JAVA program using StringBuffer to delete, remove character
SOURCE-CODE:
class stringbufferdemo
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
StringBuffer sb1 = new StringBuffer("Hello World");sb1.delete(0,6);
System.out.println(sb1);
StringBuffer sb2 = new StringBuffer("Some Content");
System.out.println(sb2);
sb2.delete(0, sb2.length());
System.out.println(sb2);
StringBuffer sb3 = new StringBuffer("Hello World");
sb3.deleteCharAt(0);
System.out.println(sb3);
}
}
OUT-PUT:
World
Some Content
ello World
 EXPERIMENT - 3
a) Implementing Class & Objects:
AIM: To write a JAVA program to implement class mechanism and Create a class,methods and invoke
them inside main method
SOURCE-CODE:
1. no return type and without parameters:
class A
{
int l=10,b=20;
void display()
{
System.out.println(l); System.out.println(b);
}
}
class methoddemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
A a1=new A();
a1.display();
}
}
OUT-PUT:
10
20
2. no return type and with parameters:
class A
{
void display(int l,int b)
{
System.out.println(l); System.out.println(b);
}
}
class methoddemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
A a1=new A();
a1.display(10,20);
}
}
OUT-PUT:
10
20
3. return type and without parameters:
class A
{
int l=10,b=20;

int area()
{
return l*b;
}
}
class methoddemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
A a1=new A();int
r=a1.area();
System.out.println("The area is: "+r);
}
}
OUT-PUT:
The area is:200
4. return type and with parameters:
class A
{
int area(int l,int b)
{
return l*b;
}
}
class methoddemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
A a1=new A();
int r=a1.area(10,20);
System.out.println(“The area is:”+r);
}
}
OUT-PUT:
The area is:200
b) Implementing Constructor:
AIM: To write a JAVA Program to implement constructor
SOURCE-CODE:
(i) A constructor with no parameters:
class A
{
int l,b;
A()
{ l=10;
b=20;
}
int area()
{
return l*b;
}
}
class constructordemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
A a1=new A();int
r=a1.area();
System.out.println("The area is: "+r);
}
}
OUT-PUT:
The area is:200
(ii) A constructor with parameters:
class A
{
int l,b;
A(int u,int v)
{
l=u;
b=v;
}
int area()
{
return l*b;
}
}
class constructordemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
A a1=new A(10,20);
int r=a1.area(); System.out.println("The
area is: "+r);
}
}
OUT-PUT:
The area is:200
 EXPERIMENT - 4
a) Constructor Overloading:
AIM: To write a JAVA program to implement constructor overloading
SOURCE-CODE:
class A
{
int l,b;
A( )
{ l=10;
b=20;
}
A(int u,int v)
{
l=u;
b=v;
}
int area()
{
return l*b;
}
}
class overconstructdemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
A a1=new A(); int
r1=a1.area();
System.out.println("The area is: "+r1);A
a2=new A(30,40);
int r2=a2.area(); System.out.println("The
area is: "+r2);
}
}
OUT-PUT:
The area is: 200
The area is: 1200
b) Method Overloading:
AIM: To write a JAVA program implement method overloading
SOURCE-CODE:
class A
{
int l=10,b=20;
int area()
{
return l*b;
}
int area(int l,int b)
{
return l*b;
}
}
class overmethoddemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
A a1=new A(); int
r1=a1.area();
System.out.println("The area is: "+r1);int
r2=a1.area(5,20); System.out.println("The
area is: "+r2);
}
}
OUT-PUT:
The area is: 200
The area is: 100
 EXPERIMENT - 5
a) Implementing Single Inheritance:
AIM: To write a JAVA program to implement Single Inheritance
SOURCE-CODE:
class A
{
A()
{
System.out.println("Inside A's Constructor");
}
}
class B extends A
{
B()
{
System.out.println("Inside B's Constructor");
}
}
class singledemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
B b1=new B();
}
}
OUT-PUT:
Inside A's Constructor
Inside B's Constructor
b) Multi level Inheritance:
AIM: To write a JAVA program to implement multi level Inheritance
SOURCE-CODE:
class A
{
A()
{
System.out.println("Inside A's Constructor");
}
}
class B extends A
{
B()
{
System.out.println("Inside B's Constructor");
}
}
class C extends B
{
C()
{
System.out.println("Inside C's Constructor");
}
}
class multidemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
C c1=new C();
}
}
OUT-PUT:
Inside A's Constructor
Inside B's Constructor
Inside C's Constructor
c) Abstract Class:
AIM: To write a java program for abstract class to find areas of different shapes
SOURCE-CODE:
abstract class shape
{
abstract double area();
}
class rectangle extends shape
{
double l=12.5,b=2.5;
double area()
{
return l*b;
}
}
class triangle extends shape
{
double b=4.2,h=6.5;
double area()
{
return 0.5*b*h;
}
}
class square extends shape
{
double s=6.5;
double area()
{
return 4*s;
}
}
class shapedemo
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
rectangle r1=new rectangle();
triangle t1=new triangle(); square
s1=new square();
System.out.println("The area of rectangle is: "+r1.area());
System.out.println("The area of triangle is: "+t1.area());
System.out.println("The area of square is: "+s1.area());
}
}
OUT-PUT:
The area of rectangle is: 31.25The
area of triangle is: 13.65 The area
of square is: 26.0
 EXPERIMENT - 6
a) super keyword implementation
AIM: Write a JAVA program give example for “super” keyword
SOURCE-CODE:
(i) Using super to call super class constructor (Without parameters):
class A
{
int l,b;
A()
{ l=10;
b=20;
}
}
class B extends A
{
int h;
B()
{
super();
h=30;
}
int volume()
{
return l*b*h;
}
}
class superdemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
B b1=new B();
int r=b1.volume();
System.out.println("The vol. is: "+r);
}
}
OUT-PUT:
The vol. is:6000
(ii) Using super to call super class constructor (With parameters)
class A
{
int l,b;
A(int u,int v)
{
l=u;
b=v;
}
}
class B extends A
{
int h;
B(int u,int v,int w)
{
super(u,v);
h=w;
}
int volume()
{
return l*b*h;
}
}
class superdemo1
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
B b1=new B(30,20,30);
int r=b1.volume();
System.out.println("The vol. is: "+r);
}
}
OUT-PUT:
The vol. is:18000
b) Implementing interface:
AIM: To write a JAVA program to implement Interface.
SOURCE-CODEs:
(i) First form of interface implementation:
interface A
{
void display();
}
class B implements A
{
public void display()
{
System.out.println("B's method");
}
}
class C extends B
{
public void callme()
{
System.out.println("C's method");
}
}
class interfacedemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
C c1=new C();
c1.display();
c1.callme();
}
}
OUT-PUT:
B's method
C's method
(ii) Second form of interface implementation:
interface D
{
void display();
}
interface E extends D
{
void show();
}
class A
{
void callme()
{
System.out.println("This is in callme method");
}
}
class B extends A implements E
{
public void display()
{
System.out.println("This is in display method");
}
public void show()
{
System.out.println("This is in show method");
}
}
class C extends B
{
void call()
{
System.out.println("This is in call method");
}
}
class interfacedemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
C c1=new C();
c1.display();
c1.show();
c1.callme();
c1.call();
}
}
OUT-PUT:
This is in display method
This is in show method This
is in callme methodThis is in
call method
(iii) Third form of interface implementation:
interface A
{
void display();
}
class B implements A
{
public void display()
{
System.out.println("This is in B's method");
}
}
class C implements A
{
public void display()
{
System.out.println("This is C's method");
}
}
class interfacedemo
{

public static void main(String args[])

{
B b1=new B(); C
c1=new C();
b1.display();
c1.display();
}
}
OUT-PUT:
This is in B's method
This is C's method
(iv) Fourth form of interface implementation:
interface A
{
void display();
}
interface B
{
void callme();
}
interface C extends A,B
{
void call();
}
class D implements C
{
public void display()
{
System.out.println("interface A");
}
public void callme()
{
System.out.println("interface B");
}
public void call()
{
System.out.println("interface C");
}
}
class interfacedemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
D d1=new D();
d1.display();
d1.callme();
d1.call();
}
}
OUT-PUT:
interface A
interface B
interface C
 EXPERIMENT - 7
a) Exception handling mechanism:
AIM: To write a JAVA program that describes exception handling mechanism
SOURCE-CODE:
Usage of Exception Handling:
class trydemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
try
{
int a=10,b=0;
int c=a/b;
System.out.println(c);
}
catch(ArithmeticException e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
System.out.println("After the catch statement");
}
}
OUT-PUT:
java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zeroAfter
the catch statement
b) Illustrating multiple catch classes:
SOURCE-CODE:
AIM: To write a JAVA program Illustrating Multiple catch clausesclass
multitrydemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
try
{
int a=10,b=5;
int c=a/b;
int d[]={0,1}; System.out.println(d[10]);
System.out.println(c);
}
catch(ArithmeticException e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
System.out.println("After the catch statement");
}
}
OUT-PUT:
java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 10After
the catch statement
 EXPERIMENT – 8
a) Runtime Polymorphism:
SOURCE-CODE:
AIM: To write a JAVA program that implements Runtime polymorphismclass A
{
void display()
{
System.out.println("Inside A class");
}
}
class B extends A
{
void display()
{
System.out.println("Inside B class");
}
}
class C extends A
{
void display()
{
System.out.println("Inside C class");
}
}
class runtimedemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
A a1=new A(); B
b1=new B(); C
c1=new C(); A
ref;
ref=c1;
ref.display();
ref=b1;
ref.display();
ref=a1;
ref.display();
}
}
OUT-PUT:
Inside C class
Inside B class
Inside A class
b) Case study on Runtime Polymorphism:
AIM: To write a Case study on run time polymorphism, inheritance that implements inabove problem
Dynamic method dispatch is the mechanism by which a call to an overridden method isresolved at run
time, rather than compile time.
When an overridden method is called through a superclass reference, Java determines which
version(superclass/subclasses) of that method is to be executed based upon thetype of the object
being referred to at the time the call occurs. Thus, this determination is made at run time.
At run-time, it depends on the type of the object being referred to (not the type of the reference variable)
that determines which version of an overridden method will beexecuted
A superclass reference variable can refer to a subclass object. This is also known as upcasting. Java
uses this fact to resolve calls to overridden methods at run time.

Upcasting

Therefore, if a superclass contains a method that is overridden by a subclass, then when different types
of objects are referred to through a superclass reference variable,different versions of the method
are executed. Here is an example that illustrates dynamic method dispatch:

The example is given bellow:

Consider a scenario, Bank is a class that provides method to get the rate of interest. But, rateof interest may
differ according to banks. For example, SBI, ICICI and AXIS banks are providing 8.4%, 7.3% and
9.7% rate of interest
 EXPERIMENT – 9
a) creation of illustrating throw:
SOURCE-CODE:
AIM: To write a JAVA program for creation of Illustrating throwclass
throwdemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
try
{
throw new NullPointerException("demo");
}
catch(NullPointerException e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
OUT-PUT:
java.lang.NullPointerException: demo
b) creation of illustrating finally:
AIM: To write a JAVA program for creation of Illustrating finally
SOURCE-CODE(i):
class finallydemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
try
{
int a=10,b=0;
int c=a/b;
System.out.println(c);
}
catch(ArithmeticException e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
finally
{
System.out.println("This is inside finally block");
}
}
}
OUT-PUT:
java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zeroThis is
inside finally block
SOURCE-CODE(ii):
class finallydemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
try
{
int a=10,b=5;
int c=a/b;
System.out.println(c);
}
catch(ArithmeticException e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
finally
{
System.out.println("This is inside finally block");
}
}
}
OUT-PUT:
2
This is inside finally block
c) creation of Java Built-in-Exceptions:
AIM: To write a JAVA program for creation of Java Built-in Exceptions
SOURCE-CODES:
(i) Arithmetic exception:
class arithmeticdemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
try
{
int a = 10, b = 0;int
c = a/b;
System.out.println (c);
}
catch(ArithmeticException e)
{
System.out.println (e);
}
}
}
OUT-PUT:
java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
(ii) NullPointer Exception:
class nullpointerdemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
try
{
String a = null;
System.out.println(a.charAt(0));
}
catch(NullPointerException e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
OUT-PUT:
java.lang.NullPointerException
(iii) StringIndexOutOfBound Exception:
class stringbounddemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
try
{
String a = "This is like chipping ";char
c = a.charAt(24); System.out.println(c);
}
catch(StringIndexOutOfBoundsException e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
OUT-PUT:
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: String index
out of range: 24
(iv) FileNotFound Exception:
import java.io.*;
class filenotfounddemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
try
{
File file = new File("E://file.txt");
FileReader fr = new FileReader(file);
}
catch (FileNotFoundException e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
OUT-PUT:
java.io.FileNotFoundException: E:\file.txt (The system cannot find the file specified)
(v) NumberFormat Exception:
class numberformatdemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
try
{
int num = Integer.parseInt ("akki") ;
System.out.println(num);
}
catch(NumberFormatException e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
OUT-PUT:
java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: "akki"

(vi) ArrayIndexOutOfBounds Exception:

class arraybounddemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
try
{
int a[] = new int[5];
a[6] = 9;
}
catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e)
{
System.out.println (e);
}
}
}
OUT-PUT:
java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 6

d) creation of User Defined Exception:

AIM: To write a JAVA program for creation of User Defined Exception
SOURCE-CODE:
class A extends Exception
{
A(String s1)
{
super(s1);
}
}
class owndemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
try
{
throw new A("demo ");
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
OUT-PUT:
A: demo
 EXPERIMENT – 10
a)Extending Thread class:
AIM: To write a JAVA program that creates threads by extending Thread class .First thread display
“Good Morning “every 1 sec, the second thread displays “Hello “every 2
seconds and the third display “Welcome” every 3 seconds ,(Repeat the same byimplementing
Runnable)
SOURCE-CODES:
(i) Creating multiple threads using Thread class:
class A extends Thread
{
public void run()
{
try
{
for(int i=1;i<=10;i++)
{
sleep(1000); System.out.println("good
morning");
}
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
class B extends Thread
{
public void run()
{
try
{
for(int j=1;j<=10;j++)
{
sleep(2000); System.out.println("hello");
}
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
class C extends Thread
{
public void run()
{
try
{

for(int k=1;k<=10;k++)
{
sleep(3000); System.out.println("welcome");
}
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
class threaddemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
A a1=new A(); B
b1=new B(); C
c1=new C();
a1.start();
b1.start();
c1.start();
}
}
OUT-PUT:
good morning
hello
good morning
good morning
welcome hello
good morning
good morning
hello
good morning
welcome good
morninghello
good morning
good morning
welcome hello
good morning
hello welcome
hello welcome
hello hello
welcome
hello
welcome
welcome
welcome
welcome

(ii) Creating multiple threads using Runnable interface:

class A implements Runnable
{
public void run()
{
try
{
for(int i=1;i<=10;i++)
{
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println("good morning");
}
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
class B implements Runnable
{
public void run()
{
try
{
for(int j=1;j<=10;j++)
{
Thread.sleep(2000);
System.out.println("hello");
}
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
class C implements Runnable
{
public void run()
{
try
{
for(int k=1;k<=10;k++)
{
Thread.sleep(3000);
System.out.println("welcome");
}
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
class runnabledemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
A a1=new A(); B
b1=new B(); C
c1=new C();
Thread t1=new Thread(a1);
Thread t2=new Thread(b1);
Thread t3=new Thread(c1);
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
}
}
OUT-PUT:
good morning
good morning
hello
good morning
welcome good
morninghello
good morning
good morning
welcome hello
good morning
good morning
hello
good morning
welcome good
morning
hello
welcome
hello hello
welcome
hello
welcome
hello hello
welcome
welcome
welcome
welcome

(b)Implementing isAlive() and join():

AIM: To write a program illustrating isAlive and join ()
SOURCE-CODE:
class A extends Thread
{
public void run()
{
try
{
for(int i=1;i<=10;i++)
{
sleep(1000); System.out.println("good
morning");
}
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
class B extends Thread
{
public void run()
{
try
{
for(int j=1;j<=10;j++)
{
sleep(2000); System.out.println("hello");
}
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
class C extends Thread
{
public void run()
{
try
{
for(int k=1;k<=10;k++)
{
sleep(3000); System.out.println("welcome");
}

}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
class isalivedemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
A a1=new A(); B
b1=new B(); C
c1=new C();
a1.start();
b1.start();
c1.start();
System.out.println(a1.isAlive());
System.out.println(b1.isAlive());
System.out.println(c1.isAlive()); try
{
a1.join();
b1.join();
c1.join();
}
catch(InterruptedException e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
System.out.println(a1.isAlive());
System.out.println(b1.isAlive());
System.out.println(c1.isAlive());
}
}
OUT-PUT:
true good morning
true hello
true welcome
good morning hello
good morning hello
hello welcome
good morning hello
welcome welcome
good morning hello
hello hello
good morning welcome
good morning welcome
welcome welcome
hello welcome
good morning false
good morning false
hello false
good morning
welcome

c) Implementation of Daemon Threads:

AIM: To write a program illustrating Daemon Threads
SOURCE-CODE:
class A extends Thread
{
public void run()
{
if(Thread.currentThread().isDaemon())
System.out.println("daemon thread work");else
System.out.println("user thread work");
}
}
class daemondemo
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
A a1=new A();A
a2=new A(); A
a3=new A();
a1.setDaemon(true);
a1.start();
a2.start();
a3.start();
}
}
OUT-PUT:
daemon thread work
user thread work user
thread work
 EXPERIMENT - 11
a) Producer-Consumer problem:
AIM: Write a JAVA program Producer Consumer Problem
SOURCE-CODE:
class A
{
int n;
boolean b=false;
synchronized int get()
{
if(!b)try
{
wait();
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
System.out.println("Got:"+n);
b=false;
notify();
return n;
}
synchronized void put(int n)
{
if(b)
try
{
wait();
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
this.n=n;
b=true;
System.out.println("Put:"+n);
notify();
}
}
class producer implements Runnable
{
A a1;
Thread t1;
producer(A a1)
{
this.a1=a1;
t1=new Thread(this);
t1.start();
}
public void run()
{
for(int i=1;i<=10;i++)
{
a1.put(i);
}
}
}
class consumer implements Runnable
{
A a1;
Thread t1;
consumer(A a1)
{
this.a1=a1;
t1=new Thread(this);
t1.start();
}
public void run()
{
for(int j=1;j<=10;j++)
{
a1.get();
}
}
}
class interdemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
A a1=new A();
producer p1=new producer(a1);
consumer c1=new consumer(a1);
}
}
OUT-PUT:
Put:1
Got:1
Put:2
Got:2
Put:3
Got:3
Put:4
Got:4
Put:5
Got:5
Put:6
Got:6
Put:7
Got:7
Put:8
Got:8
Put:9
Got:9
Put:10
Got:10

b) Case study on thread synchronization:

AIM: To write a case study on thread Synchronization after solving the above producerconsumer
problem
A case study on thread synchronization after solving producer consumer problem: We can use wait,
notify and notifyAll methods to communicate between threads in Java.For example, if we have two
threads running in your SOURCE-CODE e.g.Producer and
Consumer then producer thread can communicate to the consumer that it can startconsuming
now because there are items to consume in the queue.
Similarly, a consumer thread can tell the producer that it can also start putting items nowbecause there is
some space in the queue, which is created as a result of consumption.
A thread can use wait() method to pause and do nothing depending upon some condition.
For example, in the producer-consumer problem, producer thread should wait if the queueis full and
consumer thread should wait if the queue is empty.
If some thread is waiting for some condition to become true, we can use notify and notifyAll methods
to inform them that condition is now changed and they can wakeup.
Both notify() and notifyAll() method sends a notification but notify sends the notificationto only one of
the waiting thread, no guarantee which thread will receive notificationand notifyAll() sends the
notification to all threads.

Things to remember:
1. We can use wait() and notify() method to implement inter-thread communication in Java.Not just one
or two threads but multiple threads can communicate to each other by using these methods.
2. Always call wait(), notify() and notifyAll() methods from synchronized method orsynchronized
block otherwise JVM will throw IllegalMonitorStateException.
3. Always call wait and notify method from a loop and never from if() block, because looptest waiting
condition before and after sleeping and handles notification even if waiting for the condition is
not changed.
4. Always call wait in shared object e.g. shared queue in this example.
5. Prefer notifyAll() over notify() method due to reasons given in this article
 EXPERIMENT – 12
a) Illustration of class path:
AIM: To write a JAVA program, illustrate class pathimport
java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLClassLoader;
public class App
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
ClassLoader sysClassLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();URL[] urls =
((URLClassLoader)sysClassLoader).getURLs();
for(int i=0; i< urls.length; i++)
{
System.out.println(urls[i].getFile());
}
}
}
OUT-PUT:
E:/java%20work/

b) A case study on including in class path in os environment:

AIM: To write a case study on including in class path in your os environment of yourpackage.
The differences between path and classpath are given bellow
1. The PATH is an environment variable used to locate "java" or "javac" command, to runjava
SOURCE-CODE and compile java source file. The CLASSPATH is an environment variable
used to set path for java classes.
2. In order to set PATH in Java, we need to include bin directory in PATH environment while in order to
set CLASSPATH we need to include all directories where we haveput either our .class file or JAR
file, which is required by our Java application.
3. PATH environment variable is used by operating system while CLASSPATH is used byJava
ClassLoaders to load class files.
4. Path refers to the system while classpath refers to the Developing Environment.
By default the java run time system uses the current working directory.
Normally to execute a java SOURCE-CODE in any directory we have to set the path byas follows set
path= c:\SOURCE-CODE Files\java\jdk1.5.0_10\bin;
::
Step-1:
Select My computer on the desktop and right click the mouse and then select properties
It displays the following “System Properties” dialog.
Step-2:
In System Properties click Advanced and then click Environment Variables
It displays the following “Environment Variables” dialog.

Step-3:
In Environment Variables click New in System variables
It displays the following “New System Variable” dialog box.

Step-4:
Now type variable name as a path and then variable value as
c:\SOURCE-CODE Files\java\jdk1.5.0_10\bin;

Step-5:

Click OK

c) Creating and importing a package:

AIM: To write a JAVA SOURCE-CODE that import and use the defined your package inthe previous
Problem
(i) Creating a package:
Steps:
1. First declare the name of the package using package keyword

Example: package mypack;

2. Type the following SOURCE-CODE under this package statement. In package : class
,data, methods all are public

package mypack;
public class box
{
public int l=10,b=20;
public void display()
{
System.out.println(l); System.out.println(b);
}
}
3. Create sub directory with a name same that of package name under the current workingdirectory by
as follows. d:\>md mypack
4. Under this subdirectory store the above SOURCE-CODE with a file name “box.java”.

(ii) importing a package:

Steps:
1. packages can be accessed by using the import statement

General form: import pack1[.pack2].(classname/*);

Example: import java.io.*;
Here pack1 is name of top level package and pack2 is name of sub package
2. Type the following SOURCE-CODE under the current working directory and save theSOURCE-
CODE with a file name “example.java”.

import mypack.box;
class packagedemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
box b1=new box();
b1.display();
}
}
3. Now compile the above SOURCE-CODE in the current working directory d:\

javac packagedemo.java
4. Execute the above SOURCE-CODE in current working directory

java packagedemo
OUT-PUT:
10
20
 EXPERIMENT - 13
a) Paint like Paint Brush in Applet:
AIM: To write a JAVA program to paint like paint brush in applet.
SOURCE-CODE:
import java.applet.*; import
java.awt.*; import
java.awt.event.*;
//<applet code="paintdemo" width="800" height="500"></applet>
public class paintdemo extends Applet implements MouseMotionListener
{
int w, h;
Image i;
Graphics g1;
public void init()
{
w = getSize().width; h = getSize().height;i =
createImage( w, h );
g1 = i.getGraphics();
g1.setColor( Color.white ); g1.fillRect( 0, 0, w, h ); g1.setColor( Color.red );i =
createImage( w, h );
g1 = i.getGraphics();
g1.setColor( Color.white ); g1.fillRect( 0, 0, w, h ); g1.setColor( Color.blue );
addMouseMotionListener( this );
}
public void mouseMoved( MouseEvent e ) { }public
void mouseDragged( MouseEvent me )
{
int x = me.getX(); int y = me.getY();
g1.fillOval(x-10,y-10,20,20); repaint();
me.consume();
}
public void update( Graphics g )
{
g.drawImage( i, 0, 0, this );
}
public void paint( Graphics g )
{
update(g);
}
}
OUT-PUT:
b) Display Analog Clock using Applet:
AIM: To write a JAVA program to display analog clock using Applet.
SOURCE-CODE:
import java.util.*;
import java.text.*;
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
//<applet code="clockdemo" width="550" height="250"></appletpublic class
clockdemo extends Applet implements Runnable
{
int h=0, m=0, s=0;
String str=""; int wt, ht; Thread thr=null; boolean b;public void
init()
{
wt=getSize().width; ht=getSize().height;
}
public void start()
{
if (thr==null)
{
thr=new Thread(this);
b=false;
thr.start();
}
else
{
if(b)
{
b=false;
synchronized(this)
{
notify();
}
}
}
}
public void stop()
{
b=true;
}
public void run()
{
try
{
while(true)
{
Calendar clndr=Calendar.getInstance();
h=clndr.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
if(h>12)h-=12;
m=clndr.get(Calendar.MINUTE); s=clndr.get(Calendar.SECOND);
SimpleDateFormat frmatter=new SimpleDateFormat("hh:mm:ss",
Locale.getDefault());
Date d=clndr.getTime(); str=frmatter.format(d);if(b)
{
synchronized (this)
{
while(b)
{
wait();
}
}
}
repaint();
thr.sleep(1000);
}
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}
void drawHand(double angle, int radius, Graphics grp)
{
angle-=0.5*Math.PI;
int a=(int)(radius*Math.cos(angle)); int b=(int)(radius*Math.sin(angle));
grp.drawLine(wt/2,ht/2,wt/2+a,ht/2+b);
}
void drawWedge(double angle,int radius, Graphics grp)
{
angle-=0.5*Math.PI;
int a=(int)(radius*Math.cos(angle)); int b=(int)(radius*Math.sin(angle));angle+=2*Math.PI/3;
int a2=(int)(5*Math.cos(angle)); int b2=(int)(5*Math.sin(angle));
angle+=2*Math.PI/3;
int a3=(int)(5*Math.cos(angle)); int b3=(int)(5*Math.sin(angle));
grp.drawLine(wt/2+a2, ht/2+b2,wt/2+a,ht/2+b); grp.drawLine(wt/2+a3,
ht/2+b3,wt/2+a,ht/2+b); grp.drawLine(wt/2+a2, ht/2+b2,wt/2+a3,ht/2+b3);
}
public void paint(Graphics grp)
{
grp.setColor(Color.gray);
drawWedge(2*Math.PI*h/12,wt/5,grp); drawWedge(2*Math.PI*m/60,wt/3,grp);
drawHand(2*Math.PI*s/60,wt/2,grp);
}
}
OUT-PUT:

c) Create different shapes and fill colors using Applet:

AIM: To write a JAVA program to create different shapes and fill colors using Applet
SOURCE-CODE:
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
//<applet code="graphicsdemo" width="400" height="400"></applet>public class
graphicsdemo extends Applet
{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
int x[]={10,220,220};
int y[]={400,400,520};
int n=3; g.drawLine(10,30,200,30);
g.setColor(Color.blue); g.drawRect(10,40,200,30); g.setColor(Color.red);
g.fillRect(10,80,200,30); g.setColor(Color.orange);
g.drawRoundRect(10,120,200,30,20,20); g.setColor(Color.green);
g.fillRoundRect(10,160,200,30,20,20); g.setColor(Color.blue);
g.drawOval(10,200,200,30); g.setColor(Color.black);
g.fillOval(10,240,40,40); g.setColor(Color.yellow);
g.drawArc(10,290,200,30,0,180); g.setColor(Color.yellow);
g.fillArc(10,330,200,30,0,180); g.setColor(Color.pink); g.fillPolygon(x,y,n);
}
}
OUT-PUT:
 EXPERIMENT - 14
a) Cursor movement using mouse:
AIM: To write a JAVA program that display the x and y position of the cursor movementusing Mouse.
SOURCE-CODE:
import java.awt.*; import
java.awt.event.*;import
java.applet.*;
//<applet code="mouseevent" width=450 height=300></applet>public
class mouseevent extends Applet
implements MouseListener, MouseMotionListener
{
String s1=" ";
int x,y;
public void init()
{
addMouseListener(this);
addMouseMotionListener(this);
}
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent me)
{ x=100;
y=100;
s1="Mouse clicked";
repaint();
}
public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent me)
{ x=100;
y=200;
s1="Mouse entered";
repaint();
}
public void mouseExited(MouseEvent me)
{ x=100;
y=300;
s1="Mouse exited";
repaint();
}
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent me)
{
x=me.getX();
y=me.getY();
s1="Mouse Pressed";
repaint();
}
public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent me)
{
x=me.getX();
y=me.getY(); s1="Mouse
Realeased";repaint();
}
public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent me)
{
x=me.getX();
y=me.getY(); s1="Mouse
Dragged";repaint();
}
public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent me)
{
x=me.getX();
y=me.getY();
s1="Mouse Moved";
repaint();
}
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.drawString(s1,x,y);
}
}
OUT-PUT:
b) Key-up and Key-down event:
AIM: To write a JAVA program that identifies key-up key-down event user entering textin a Applet.
SOURCE-CODE:
import java.awt.*; import
java.awt.event.*;import
java.applet.*;
//<applet code="keyevent" width=450 height=300></applet> public
class keyevent extends Applet implements KeyListener
{
String s1=" ";
int x,y;
public void init()
{
addKeyListener(this);
requestFocus();
}
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent ke)
{ x=100;
y=200;
s1= "key pressed ";
repaint();
}
public void keyReleased(KeyEvent ke)
{ x=100;
y=400;
s1= "key Released ";
repaint();
}
public void keyTyped(KeyEvent ke)
{
s1=s1+ke.getKeyChar(); repaint();
}
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.drawString(s1,x,y);
}
}
OUT-PUT: