American International University- Bangladesh (AIUB)

Faculty of Engineering (FE)

ELECTRONIC DEVICES LAB

Course Name : Course Code : EEE 2104
Spring -2023-2024
Semester : Sec : J
MD. ALOMGIR KABIR
Lab Instructor : Group: 3

Experiment No : 03
Experiment Name : Study of Diode Clipping and Clamping Circuits

Submitted by (NAME): Student ID:

Group Members ID Name

1. Istiaque Mahbub Isti 22-49167-3
2. Eshika Rani Pall 22-49200-3
3. Khadija Akter 22-48295-3
Ibrahim Khalil Ullah
4. 22-48301-3
Midul
5. Wasif Asad Alvi 22-46451-1

Performance Date : 6/02/24 Due Date : 13/02/2024

Marking Rubrics (to be filled by Lab Instructor)

Proficient Good Acceptable Secured
Category Unacceptable [1]
[6] [4] [2] Marks
All information, All Information Most information
Theoretical Much information
measures and variables provided that is correct, but some
Background, Methods missing and/or
are provided and sufficient, but more information may be
& procedures sections inaccurate.
explained. explanation is needed. missing or inaccurate.
Experimental results
All of the criteria are Most criteria are met,
don’t match exactly Experimental results
met; results are but there may be some
Results with the theoretical are missing or
described clearly and lack of clarity and/or
values and/or analysis incorrect;
accurately; incorrect information.
is unclear.
Demonstrates thorough Hypotheses are clearly
Conclusions don’t
and sophisticated stated, but some Some hypotheses
match hypotheses, not
understanding. concluding statements missing or misstated;
Discussion supported by data; no
Conclusions drawn are not supported by data conclusions not
integration of data from
appropriate for or data not well supported by data.
different sources.
analyses; integrated.
Title page, placement
of figures and figure
Minor errors in Major errors and/or
General formatting captions, and other Not proper style in text.
formatting. missing information.
formatting issues all
correct.
Writing is strong and
Writing is clear and
easy to understand;
easy to understand; Most of the required
ideas are fully
ideas are connected; criteria are met, but
elaborated and
Writing & effective transitions some lack of clarity, Very unclear, many
connected; effective
organization between sentences; typographic, spelling, errors.
transitions between
minor typographic, or grammatical errors
sentences; no
spelling, or are present.
typographic, spelling,
grammatical errors.
or grammatical errors.

Total Marks
Comments:
(Out of ):
Title: Study of Zener Diode

Abstract:

A Zener diode is a diode which is used in a circuit as a voltage stabilizer. It allows current to flow int the
forward bias and also allows some current in the reverse bias when a voltage greater than Zener
breakdown voltage. It is used in reverse bias in a circuit as a voltage stabilizer.

Theory :

The operation of a Zener diode is based on a phenomenon called the Zener effect or Zener breakdown.
When a reverse bias voltage is applied across the diode, a strong electric field forms in the depletion region
of the diode. This electric field accelerates minority charge carriers (electrons in P-type material and holes
in N-type material) to high speeds. Under normal circumstances, these minority carriers wouldn't have
sufficient energy to overcome the potential barrier of the depletion region and pass through it. However,
in Zener diodes, the electric field is strong enough to cause quantum tunneling, allowing minority carriers
to cross the depletion region even if they don't have enough energy to climb over the potential barrier.
This phenomenon leads to a sudden increase in current through the diode at a specific reverse bias
voltage, called the Zener voltage (Vz). At this voltage, the Zener diode enters into the breakdown region,
where it conducts current relatively efficiently and maintains a nearly constant voltage across its terminals.
This makes Zener diodes useful for applications like voltage regulation and voltage reference. In summary,
the Zener effect in Zener diodes occurs when a reverse bias voltage exceeds the Zener voltage, causing a
significant increase in current due to minority carrier tunneling through the depletion region. This effect
allows Zener diodes to regulate voltage or provide stable voltage references in electronic circuits.
Equipment:
1. Zener Diode
2. Trainer Board
3. Resistors: 100 Ω (1 pc), 470 Ω (1 pc)
4. Multimeter
5. Chord
6. POT (100kΩ)
7. DC Power Supply

Circuit Diagram:
 Figure 1: Zener Diode Circuits

Circuit Pictures:
 Figure2: Zener Diode Circuit Using POT

Figure3 : Zener Diode Circuit

Table:
Table – 1: Data for V – I characteristics
V VR1 Vz I(VR1/R1)

1V 0V 1V 0A

2V 0V 2V 0A

3V 0V 3.06V 0A

4V 0V 4V 0A

5V 0V 5V 0A

6V 0.6V 5.50V 1.30A

 7V 1.5V 5.51V 3.3A

8V 2.43V 5.52V 5.28A

9V 3.44V 5.53V 7.48A

10V 4.39V 5.54V 9.54A

Table -2: Data for Regulation due to Load Variation

VR(mv) 100 300 500 700
VL 5.48V 4.63V 3.64 2.67
IL(VR/R) 1.01A 3.03A 5.05A 7.07A
Table – 3: Data for regulation due to supply voltage variation
V 16 12 9 6
VR 102.4mV 101.7mV 101.2mV 100mV
VL 5.60V 5.56V 5.53V 5.48V

Simulation:
Graph:

Result and Discussion:

After taking all the measurements from the implemented circuit and the simulation circuit it is noticeable
that there is very little variation between them. The values of I L from the implemented circuit and the
simulation can be considered similar.
Conclusion:
The circuits of Figure 1 was implemented accurately. All the measurements were taken as accurately as
possible. The same was done for the simulation. After comparing the graphs from the measurement values
there is negligible amounts of variation. Apart from that the noted values are also comparable.

References:
1. Robert L. Boyleston, Louis Natinsky, Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, Ninth Edition, 2007-
2008
2. Adel S. Sidra, Kenneth C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, Saunders College Publishing, 3rd ed.,
ISBN: 0-03-051648-X, 1991.
3. American International University–Bangladesh (AIUB) Electronic Devices Lab Manual.
4. David J. Comer, Donald T. Comer, Fundamentals of Electronic Circuit Design, john Wiley & Sons
Canada, Ltd.; ISBN: 0471410160, 2002.