Lab 13

Practice question about IPv4 subnetting:

1. How many subnets and hosts per subnet can you get from the network
172.22.0.0/28?
Answer: 4096 subnets and 14 hosts

2. Write the broadcast address for the network 172.25.253.0/24:

Answer: 172.25.253.255

3. What subnet mask would you use for the 172.29.0.0 network, such that you
can get 120 subnets and 280 hosts per subnet?
Answer: 255.255.254.0

4. Write the maximum number of valid subnets and usable hosts per subnet that
you can get from the network 192.168.16.0/24:
Answer: Subnets: 1, Hosts per subnet: 254

5. Write the broadcast address for the network 172.28.38.0 255.255.254.0:

Answer: 172.28.39.255

6. Write the maximum number of valid subnets and usable hosts per subnet that
you can get from the network 172.23.0.0 255.255.255.240:
Answer: Subnets: 4096, Hosts per subnet: 14

7. Write the last valid host on the network 10.207.14.0/23:

Answer: 10.207.15.254

8. What is the Subnet Mask corresponding to a shorthand of /21?

Answer: 255.255.248.0

9. Write the valid host range for the network that the IP address 10.2.181.162
255.255.255.252 is a part of:
Answer: First Host: 10.2.181.161, Last Host: 10.2.181.162
10. Write the first valid host on the network 192.168.177.0/24:
Answer: 192.168.177.1

11. Write the broadcast address for the network 172.16.176.0/23

Answer: 172.16.177.255

12. What is the shorthand corresponding to a subnet mask of 255.224.0.0?

Answer: /11

13. Write the first valid host on the network 10.66.79.224 255.255.255.252:
Answer: 10.66.79.225

14. What is the Subnet Mask corresponding to a shorthand of /15?

Answer: 255.254.0.0

15. Write the maximum number of valid subnets and usable hosts per subnet that
you can get from the network 172.27.0.0/24:
Answer: Subnets: 256, Hosts per subnet: 254

16. Write the maximum number of valid subnets and usable hosts per subnet that
you can get from the network 192.168.101.0/28:
Answer: Subnets: 16, Hosts per subnet: 14

17. Write the maximum number of valid subnets and usable hosts per subnet that
you can get from the network 172.18.0.0/28:
Answer: Subnets: 4096, Hosts per subnet: 14

18. Write the maximum number of valid subnets and usable hosts per subnet that
you can get from the network 172.20.0.0/22:
Answer: Subnets: 64, Hosts per subnet: 1022

19. Write the maximum number of valid subnets and usable hosts per subnet that
you can get from the network 192.168.152.0 255.255.255.248:
Answer: Subnets: 32, Hosts per subnet: 6
 20. What are the subnet mask, first available host address of subnet one (NOT
subnet zero), and the maximum number of hosts per subnet for the network
below?
Network ID: 184.97.0.0

Subnets Required: 117

Answer:

Subnet Mask: 255.255.254.0

1st Available Host Address of Subnet 1: 184.97.2.1

Max # of hosts/subnet: 510

21. What are the subnet mask, first available host address of subnet one (NOT
subnet zero), and the maximum number of hosts per subnet for the network
below?
You need to allow for maximum number of hosts. Also, you can use subnet
zero and the all-ones subnet.
Network ID: 219.59.71.0

Subnets Required: 6

Answer:

Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.224

1st Available Host Address of Subnet 1: 219.59.71.33

Max # of hosts/subnet: 30

22. What are the network address, broadcast address, and the subnet mask for a
host with the IP Address below?
IP Address: 128.161.72.218 / 30

Answer:

Network Address: 128.161.72.216

Broadcast Address: 128.161.72.219

 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.252

23. What are the network address, broadcast address, and the subnet mask for a
host with the IP Address below?
IP Address: 206. 232. 120. 201/ 24

Answer:

Network Address: 206.232.120.0

Broadcast Address: 206.232.120.255

Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

24. What are the network address, broadcast address, and the subnet mask for a
host with the IP Address below?
IP Address: 150. 20. 204. 138/ 25

Answer:

Network Address: 150.20.204.128

Broadcast Address: 150.20.204.255

Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.128

25. What are the network address, broadcast address, and the subnet mask for a
host with the IP Address below?
IP Address: 202. 7. 57. 105/ 20

Answer:

Network Address: 202.7.48.0

Broadcast Address: 202.7.63.255

Subnet Mask: 255.255.240.0

26. You have been allocated a class B network address of 135.1.0.0 and and need
to create 4 subnets each with around 200 hosts what is the easiest mask to use
to satisfy the criteria?
Solution:

Easiest is to sub net on a byte boundary which would mean a subnet mask
of 255.255.255.0

This would allocate 8 bits for the subnet and 8 bits for the host.

We need to accommodate around 200 hosts which requires 8 bits which we have.

We need 4 subnets which require 4 bits and we have 8 bits. So we have more than
enough.

27. Write the IP address 222.1.1.20 mask 255.255.255.192 in CIDR notation

Decimal 192 =11000000 binary which means that 2 bits of this octet are used for the
subnet. Now add the 24 bits 255.255.255 and we have 26 bits. So we write:

Solution:

222.1.1.20/262

28. Write the IP address 135.1.1.25 mask 255.255. 248.0 in CIDR notation

Decimal 248 =11111000 binary which means that 5 bits of this octet are used for the
subnet. Now add the 16 bits 255.255. and we have 21 bits. So we write:

Solution:

135..1.1.25/21

29. You have been allocated a class C network address of 211.1.1.0 and are using
the default subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 how may hosts can you have?

Solution:

A class C address has 8 bits of the host which will give 28 -2 =254 hosts

30. Subnet the Class C IP Address 195.1.1.0 So that you have 10 subnets each
with a maximum 12 hosts on each subnet. List the Address on host 1 on subnet
0,1,2,3,10

Solution:

Current mask= 255.255.255.0

Bits needs for 10 subnets =4 =24 =16 possible subnets

Bits needs for 12 hosts = 4 = 24 = 16-2=14 possible hosts.

So our mask in binary =11110000= 240 decimal

Final Mask =255.255.255.240

31. Subnet the Class C IP Address 205.11.2.0 so that you have 30 subnets.

What is the subnet mask for the maximum number of hosts?

How many hosts can each subnet have?

What is the IP address of host 3 on subnet 2 ?

Solution:

Current mask= 255.255.255.0

Bits needs for 30 subnets =5 =25 =32 possible subnets

Bits left for hosts = 3 = 23 = 8-2=6 possible hosts.

So our mask in binary =11111000= 248 decimal

Final Mask =255.255.255.248

Address of host 3 on subnet 2 is

subnet 2 =00010000 host 3 =000000011

Add the two together =00010011=19

therefore IP address of host 3 on subnet 2 =205.11.2.19

32. Subnet the Class C IP Address 195.1.1.0 So that you have at least 2 subnets
each subnet must have room for 48 hosts .

What are the two possible subnet masks?

Solution:

Current mask= 255.255.255.0

Bits needs for 48 hosts = 6 = 26 = 64-2=62 possible hosts.

Bits needs for 2 subnets =1 =21 =2 possible subnets

Total of 7 bits needed so therefore we can use either 1 bit or 2 bits for the subnet. So
we could have

1 bit subnet 7 bits hosts or 2 bits subnet 6 bit host

masks are 10000000 and 11000000 =128 decimal and 192 decimal.

Final possible masks are:

255.255.255.128 and 255.255.255.192

Real world Scenario:

Consider the table below for real word example

Department No of Hosts
Engineering
27
Customer Care
18
IT
8
Finance
12
HR
4
The requirement is for 5 subnets with the largest number of hosts being 27.
In order to create the subnets, bits will be borrowed from the fourth octet by
extending the subnet mask from 24 to 27. The three extra borrowed bits are required
as 2^3 will allow for eight subnets. By borrowing three bits however there are now
only 5 bits remaining for hosts. That will be sufficient as 2^5 = 32 and our biggest
requirement is for 27.

The network plan will be

Department No of Hosts Subnet Spare IP
Engineering 192.168.0.0/27
27 3
Customer Care 192.168.0.32/27
18 12
IT 192.168.0.64/27
8 22
Finance 192.168.0.96/27
12 18
HR 192.168.0.128/27
4 26

The network requirement have been satisfied in a theoretical sense, by providing 5

subnets and sufficient IP host addresses to meet the requirement. However, it is not
a good real world design. HR and IT subnets are very wasteful. By splitting the
address range into eight equal subnets, three subnets went unused, it was less than
optimal. Is there another way to subnet?
Design the Network using VLSM
Using the same network scenario redesign the IP Plan using subnetting with
Variable Length Subnet Masking (VLSM).
With this task it is necessary to consider what masks we can apply for each subnet
that provides a more efficient use of the address space.
Hint: Start with the largest departments first, then size the subnet mask to fit by
using the minimum number of host bits. Remember, the binary bits to decimal
mapping.
Solution
Department No of Hosts Subnet /Mask
Engineering 192.168.0.0/27 (30 Hosts)
27
Customer Care 18 192.168.0.32/27 (30 Hosts)
IT 192.168.0.64/28 (14 Hosts)
8
Finance 192.168.0.80/28 (14 Hosts)
12
HR 192.168.0.96/29 ( 6 Hosts)
4

By addressing the number of hosts required per department, a more efficient IP

address plan can be constructed, which minimizes IP wasted addresses albeit that is
not a concern with private addresses. However, practice on conserving address
space is necessary for when real valuable IP addresses are used.
Scenario:
You work for a large communications corporation named GlobeComm which has
been assigned a Class A network address. Currently, the company has 1,000 subnets
in offices around the world. You want to add 100 new subnets over the next three
years, and you want to allow for the largest possible number of host addresses per
subnet.

Which subnet mask would you choose?

Solution:

Answer:255.255.224.0
Requirements: 1,000 subnets + 100 subnets = 1,100 subnets, and as many host
addresses as possible
2^10-2 = 1022 we Know from memory that 2^10= 1024, and will yield ONLY 1022
usable subnets with 10 bits of subnetting.
Because our requirements ask for over 1024 subnets, we must borrow one more host
bit for our subnetting:
2^11-2 = (1024 * 2) - 2 = 2046 unique usable subnets

11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 = 255.0.0.0 Default class A subnet mask

11111111 11111111 11100000 00000000 = 255.255.224.0 Default Class A subnet
mask with our 11 bits of subnetting

Scenario:
NuTex Corporation has been assigned the Class B network address 165.87.0.0.
NuTex needs to divide the network into eight subnets. What subnet mask should be
applied to the network to provide the most hosts per subnet?

Solution:

Answer: 255.255.240.0
2^3-2 = 6 subnets
2^4-2 = 14 subnets
(2^16 - 2^4) -2 = 2^12 - 2 = 4094 hosts possible per subnet

Because 3 bits of subnetting will only yield 6 usable subnets (7 if ip subnet-zero is

enabled), you will need to borrow another bit. To meet your minimum requirement of
8 subnets, and the maximum number of hosts per subnet, this Subnet mask will be
correct: 255.255.240.0