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    CS3551 - Unit 5 QB

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    CS3551 - Unit 5 QB

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    11 views5 pages

    CS3551 - Unit 5 QB

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    it254042

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    CS3551 – DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING

    UNIT 5 Cloud Computing

    PART A

    1. Define cloud computing?


    Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand
    network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g.,
    networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly
    provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider
    interaction.

    2. List the characteristics of cloud computing.


    i. On-demand self-service
    ii. Broad network access
    iii. Resource pooling.
    iv. Rapid elasticity.
    v. Measured service.

    3. List the cloud service models.


    Infrastructure as a service(IaaS), Platform as a service (PaaS) & Software as a service
    (SaaS)

    4. What are the services provided by SaaS? Give examples.


    SaaS provides the users a complete software application or the user interface to the
    application itself.
    Eg: Google Apps, Salesforce.com, Facebook, Zoho, Dropbox, Taleo Microsoft Office 365,
    Linkedin, Slideshare, CareCloud

    5. Write the services provided by PaaS? Give examples.


    PaaS provides the users the capability to develop and deploy application in the cloud using
    the development tools, application programming interfaces (APIs), software libraries and
    services provided by the cloud service provider.
    Eg: Google App Engine, Windows Azure Platform, Force.com, Github, OpenStack

    6. What are the services provided by IaaS? Give examples


    Provides the users the capability to provision computing and storage resources. These
    resources are provided to the users as virtual machine instances and virtual storage. Users can
    start, stop, configure and manage the virtual machine instances and virtual storage.
    Eg: Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), Google Compute Engine, Windows Azure
    VMs

    7. Name the deployment models in cloud.


    Public cloud, Private cloud, Hybrid cloud, Community cloud

    8. Define private cloud.


    Operated for exclusive use of a single organization

    9. Define public cloud.


    Available for public use or a large industry group

    10. Define hybrid cloud.


    Combines multiple clouds (public and private) that remain unique but bound together to
    offer application and data portability

    11. Why community cloud is important?


    Available for shared use of several organizations supporting a specific community

    12. Write some applications of Cloud computing.


    Banking & Financial Apps
    • E-Commerce Apps
    • Social Networking
    • Healthcare Systems

    • Energy Systems
    • Intelligent Transportation Systems
    • E-Governance
    • Education
    • Mobile Communications

    13. List the challenges of cloud.


    Data security and privacy, Multi-cloud environments, Performance challenges,
    Interoperability and flexibility, High dependence on network, Lack of knowledge and
    expertise.
    14. What is virtualization?
    Virtualization refers to the partitioning the resources of a physical system (such as computing,
    storage, network and memory) into multiple virtual resources.

    15. What is a hypervisor?

    The virtualization layer consists of a hypervisor or a virtual machine monitor (VMM). Hypervisor
    presents a virtual operating platform to a guest operating system (OS).
    16. What are the types of hypervisor?

    Type-1 Hypervisor
    • Type-I or the native hypervisors run directly on the host hardware and control the hardware and
    monitor the guest operating systems.
    • Type-2 Hypervisor
    • Type 2 hypervisors or hosted hypervisors run on top of a conventional (main/host) operating
    system and monitor the guest operating systems

    17. What are the types of virtualization?


    Full, para and hardware assisted virtualization

    18. What do you mean by Full Virtualization?


    In full virtualization, the virtualization layer completely decouples the guest OS from the
    underlying hardware. The guest OS requires no modification and is not aware that it is being
    virtualized. Full virtualization is enabled by direct execution of user requests and binary
    translation of OS requests.

    19. What do you mean by Para-Virtualization


    In para-virtualization, the guest OS is modified to enable communication with the hypervisor to
    improve performance and efficiency. The guest OS kernel is modified to replace non-virtualizable
    instructions with hyper-calls that communicate directly with the virtualization layer hypervisor.

    20. What do you mean by Hardware Virtualization


    Hardware assisted virtualization is enabled by hardware features such as Intel’s Virtualization
    Technology (VT-x) and AMD’s AMD-V. In hardware assisted virtualization, privileged and
    sensitive calls are set to automatically trap to the hypervisor. Thus, there is no need for either binary
    translation or para-virtualization

    21. What is a load balancer? What are its goals?

    Load balancing distributes workloads across multipleservers to meet the application workloads.
    • The goals of load balancing techniques include:
    • Achieve maximum utilization of resources
    • Minimizing the response times
    • Maximizing throughput

    22. What is the purpose of capacity planning?

    Capacity planning involves determining the right sizing of each tier of the deployment of an
    application in terms of the number of resources and the capacity of each resource.

    23. Distinguish vertical and horizontal scaling.


    Vertical Scaling/Scaling up:
    • Involves upgrading the hardware resources (adding additional computing, memory,
    storage or network resources).
    Horizontal Scaling/Scaling out
    • Involves addition of more resources of the same type.

    24. What is replication? What are its types?


    Replication is used to create and maintain multiple copies of the data in the cloud.
    Types:
    • Array-based Replication
    • Network-based Replication
    • Host-based Replication

    25. What is monitoring service? Why is it important?


    Monitoring services allow cloud users to collect and analyze the data on various monitoring metrics
    Monitoring of cloud resources is important because it allows the users to keep track of the health of
    applications and services deployed in the cloud.

    26. Give examples of monitoring metrics.


    etrics
    CPU : CPU-Usage, CPU-Idle
    Disk : Disk-Usage, Bytes/sec (read/write), Operations/sec
    Memory: Memory-Used, Memory-Free, Page-Cache
    Interface : Packets/sec (incoming/outgoing), Octets/sec(incoming/outgoing)

    27. What are compute services?


    Compute services provide dynamically scalable compute capacity in the cloud. Compute resources
    can be provisioned on-demand in the form of virtual machines.

    28. Write notes on Storage services.


    Cloud storage services allow storage and retrieval of any amount of data, at any time from anywhere
    on the web. Most cloud storage services organize data into buckets or containers.

    29. What are the services provided by application services?


     Cloud-based application runtimes and frameworks allow developers to develop and host
    applications in the cloud.
    • Support for various programming languages
    Application runtimes provide support for programming languages (e.g., Java, Python, or
    Ruby).
    • Resource Allocation
    Application runtimes automatically allocate resources for applications and handle the
    application scaling, without the need to run and maintain servers.

    30. What is the purpose of notification services?


    Cloud-based notification services or push messaging services allow applications to push messages
    to internet connected smart devices such as smartphones, tablets, etc. Push messaging services are
    based on publish-subscribe model in which consumers subscribe to various topics/channels provided
    by a publisher/producer.
    Part-B
    1. Explain the Cloud service models with examples.
    2. Explain the Cloud Deployment models with neat diagrams.
    3. Explain the characteristics of cloud computing.
    4. Explain the concept of virtualization in detail.
    5. Discuss the load balancing algorithms in cloud.
    6. Explain the types of replication with suitable diagrams.
    7. Draw the cloud service reference model and explain it with the corresponding services.
    8. Explain compute services with examples.
    9. Explain storage services with examples.
    10 Discuss the services provided by application services with examples.

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