Lesson 11.

Force and Pressure Basic concepts – A Flow Chart

Grade VIII
Force and pressure

Force Pressure

A push or a pull, that changes or tends to  The force acting on a unit areas of a
change the state of rest or uniform motion of surface.
an object or changes its direction or shape.  Pressure (P) = Force (F)
Area (A)
 Liquids and gases exert pressure on the
walls of their containers.
 The pressure exerted by air around us is
known as atmospheric pressure.

Direction of Force Effects of Force Types of Forces

 If two forces are acting on an  A force can

object in the same direction,  Make a stationary object move.
the net force on it also acts  Make a moving object stop.
in the same direction.  Change the speed of a moving
 If two forces act on an object object.
in the opposite directions,  Charge the shape or size of an
the net force acting on it acts object.
along the direction of the
larger force.

Contact Forces Non – Contact Forces

The forces act on a body when the Force which do not involve physical
source of force is in actual contact with contact between two bodies on which
the body. they act.

 Muscular Force: The force exerted by  Magnetic Force: A magnet exerts a

the muscles of the body. non- contact force on objects made of
 Mechanical Force: the force produced iron, steel, cobalt or nickel.
by a machine.  Electrostatic Force: The force which
 Frictional Force: The force that results due to repulsion of similar
opposes the motion of an object. charges or attraction of opposite
charges.
 Gravitational Force: The force that
exists between any two masses
because of their mass.

1 Created by Pinkz
 Know the Terms

 Magnitude : The strength of a force is usually expressed by its magnitude

 State of Motion : The state of motion of an object is described by its speed and the

direction of motion. At rest the state of the objects is considered the state of zero

speed

 Muscular Force : The force resulting due to the action of muscles is known as the

muscular force.

 Contact Force : Force that can be applied only when it is in contact with an object is

called a contact force. For example, muscular force can be applied only when it is in

contact with an object. Friction is also an example of contact force. The force of

friction always acts on all the moving objects and its direction is always opposite to the

direction of the motion.

 Non – Contact Force : The force exerted on an object without touching it is known as

non-contact force. For example, the force exerted by a magnet on a piece of iron and

Electrostatic Force which is force exerted by a charged body on another charged or

uncharged body.

 Gravitational Force (Gravity) : The attractive force of the earth which acts upon all

the objects is known as the force of gravity. Every object in the universe, whether

small or large, exerts a force on every other object. This force is called the

gravitational force.

Objective Type Questions (1 Marks)

I. Multiple Choice Questions

1. In the Fig. Two boys A and B are shown applying force on a block moves towards the

right, which one of the following statements is correct?

a) Magnitude of force applied by A is greater than that of B

b) Magnitude of force applied by A is smaller than that of B

2 Created by Pinkz
 c) Net force on the block is towards A

d) Magnitude of force applied by A is equal to that of B

2. In the circuit shown in the Fig., when the circuit is completed, the hammer strikes the

gong. Which of the following forces is responsible for the movement of hammer.

a) Gravitational force alone

b) Electrostatic force alone

c) Magnetic force alone

d) Frictional force alone

3. During dry weather, while combing hair, sometimes we experience hair flying apart.

The force responsible for this is :

a) Force of gravity

b) Electrostatic force

c) Force of friction

d) Magnetic force

3 Created by Pinkz
4. Fig. Shows a container filled with water. Which of the following statements is correct

about pressure of water ?

a) Pressure at A> Pressure at B> Pressure at C

b) Pressure at A = Pressure at B = Pressure at C

c) Pressure at A < Pressure at B > Pressure at C

d) Pressure at A < Pressure at B < Pressure at C

5. Two objects repel each other. This repulsion could be due to :

a) Frictional force only

b) Electrostatic force only

c) magnetic force only

d) Either a magnetic or an electrostatic force

6. Which one of the following forces is a contact force?

a) Force of gravity

b) Force of friction

c) Magnetic force

d) Electrostatic force

7. A water tank has four taps fixed at points A,B,C D as shown in Fig. The water will

flow out at the same pressure from taps at:

a) B and C b) A and B c) C and D d) A and C

4 Created by Pinkz
8.

A brick is kept in three different ways on a table as shown in Fig. The pressure exerted

by the brick on the table will be :

a) Maximum in position A b) Maximum in position B

c) Maximum in position C d) Equal in all cases

1. a 2. c 3. b 4. d 5. d 6. b 7. a 8. a

Match the following.

Column - I Column - II

1 Contact force (i) Push or Pull

2. Pressure (ii) Non-contact force

3. Magnitude (iii) Muscular force

4. Force (iv) Strength of force

5. Force of gravity (v) Force on unit area

1. (iii) 2. (v) 3. (iv) 4 . (i) 5. (ii)

II. Multiple Choice Questions

1. Force is a

a. Pull b. Push

c. Pull and push both d. None of these

2. The strength of force is expressed by

a. Weight b. Mass

c. Magnitude d. Longitudinal force

5 Created by Pinkz
3. The force between two charged bodies is called

a. Muscular force b. Gravitational force

c. Magnetic force d. Electrostatic force

4. When two forces act in opposite directions, then net force acting is the

a. Sum of two forces b. Differences between two forces

c. Both of these d. None of these

5. State the motion is described by

a. Position of rest b. Position of motion

c. Both by the state of rest or motion d. None of these

6. Magnetic force is

a. Contact force b. Non-contact force

c. Both a and b d. None

7. Force acts on an object may change

a. Direction b. Shape

c. Speed d. All of above

8. The net force on an object is zero if the two forces act on it in

a. Opposite direction b. Same direction

c. Sometimes opposite and sometimes in same direction d. All of above

9. Leaves or fruits fall on the ground due to

a. Magnetic force b. Gravitational force

c. Electrostatic force d. Muscular force

10. Otto von Guericke was a scientist of

a. Italy b. Russia

c. Germany d. America

1. c 2. c 3. d 4. b 5. c 6. b 7. d 8. a 9. b 10. c

II. Fill in the blanks

1. The pull or push is called __________.

2. Force of friction is an example of __________ force.

3. The wear and tear in the machine parts is due to __________.

4. Force acting due to action of muscles is called __________.

6 Created by Pinkz
5. The force exerted per unit area is called __________.

6. A force applied on an object may change its __________.

7. The pressure exerted by air around us is known as __________.

8. Force has __________ as well as __________.

9. A force arises due to the __________ between two objects.

10. Water in rivers flows __________ due to the force of gravity.

1. Force 2. Contact 3. Friction 4. Muscular force

5. Pressure 6. Speed or shape 7. Atmospheric pressure 8. Magnitude , direction

9. Interaction 10. Downward

I. Match the following

I. Column A Column B

(i) Force (a) Non-contact force

(ii) Contact (b) Force on a unit area

(iii) Magnitude (c) Push or pull

(iv) Force of gravity (d) Muscular force

(v) Pressure (e) Strength of foce

(i). (c) (ii). (d) (iii) . (e) (iv) . (a) (v) . (b)

II. Column A Column B

(i) Magnet (a) Unit area

(ii) Gravity (b) Non-contact force

(iii) Pressure (c) Earth

(iv) Friction force (d) Pull or push

(v) Force (e) Contact force

(i). (b) (ii). (c) (iii) . (a) (iv) . (e) (v) . (d)

7 Created by Pinkz
 II. True or False

1. Force of friction is an example of non-contact force.

2. If two forces act in opposite directions on an object, the net force is the difference

between the two forces.

3. The force of friction can be reduced by using lubricants.

4. The force exerted per unit area is called magnitude.

5. A force can change the state of motion of an object.

6. Muscular force is a kind of contact force.

7. Force of gravity is contact force.

8. At least two objects must interact for a force to come into play.

9. Pascal is the unit of force.

10. To move an object faster it has to be pushed or pulled repeatedly.

1. False 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. True 6. True 7. False 8. True 9. False 10.True

Quiz Time

1. What is a force?

2. At least how many objects are needed to apply a force?

3. If two forces acting on an object are in the same direction, what would be the

magnitude of force?

4. How is the state of motion of an object is described?

5. In which direction the force of friction acts on a moving object?

6. What will you call the force which is exerted by an object on the other object?

7. What is pressure?

8. Why do porters place a round piece of cloth on their head, when they have to carry

heavy loads?

9. If the area of an object is 20 cm x 20 cm, how much is its mass? How much

atmospheric pressure would exert on the object?

10. What is the SI unit of pressure?

8 Created by Pinkz
Answers:

1. A push or pull on an object is called force.

2. At least two objects.

3. The magnitude of the forces acting in the same direction will be equal to the sum of the

magnitudes of both the forces.

4. The state of motion of an object is described by its speed and the direction of motion.

5. The force of friction acts opposite to the direction of motion (movement).

6. Contact force.

7. The force acting on a unit area of a surface is called pressure.

8. The round piece of cloth increases the area of contact of the load with their head this

reduces pressure and it facilitates to carry the load.

9. Mass of the object = 400 kg, Atmospheric pressure = 4000 N.

10. Pascal (Pa).

NCERT CORNER

Intext Questions

1. Paheli remembers that a magnet attracts a piece of iron towards it. Is attraction also

a pull ? What about repulsion between similar poles of two magnets? Is it a pull or a

push?

Attraction or repulsion between poles can be seen as another form of pull or push both

2. Paheli wants to know whether the net force on an object is zero if the two forces

acting on it in opposite directions are equal

If two forces act in the opposite directions on an object, the net force acting on it is

the difference between the two forces. If the magnitude of the two forces in opposite

directions is equal then net force will be zero.

3. Boojho has seen children competing with one another in moving a rubber tyre or a ring

by pushing it. He always wondered why the speed of tyre or ri9ng increased whenever

it is pushed.

9 Created by Pinkz
 Push on the tyre is a force on tyre and we know that force applied on object can change

its speed so, on continuous pushing, the tyre gets higher speed

4. Paheli wants to know whether friction also acts on the objects that move in air

Friction does affect the motion of object moving through air. However, the force of

friction due to air is very small when compared to the force of friction between solid surfaces,

or between liquids. Therefore, the effect of friction due to air is generally not noticeable.

5. Paheli wants to know if there is any simple way to feel the force of gravity

Stretch your hand and keep your book on it. You will feel the weight of the book which

is due to force of gravity.

6. Paheli wants to understand why porters place a round piece of cloth on their heads

when they carry heavy loads.

By doing this they increase the area of contact of the load with their head. So, the

pressure on their head is reduced and they find it easier it to carry the load.

7. If the area of my head were 15 cm x 15 cm is nearly equal to the weight of air would

I be carrying on my head?

The weight of air in a column of the height of the atmosphere and area 15 cm x 15 cm is

nearly equal to the weight of an object of mass 225 kg. This weight does not affect us

because the pressure inside our body is also equal to the atmospheric pressure and cancels the

pressure from outside.

8. Boojho wants to know how we take advantage of the knowledge that pressure can be

increased or decreased by changing the area on which a force acts.

We make use of the relation between force, area and pressure to our advantages in many

situations. To walk over a muddy patch of wet kachcha road without slipping, a wooden plank is

used, the foundation is made wider than the width of the wall to be erected on it, it width of

tyres used for heavy vehicles like trucks and buses is larger than those used in cars or

bicycles. On the other hand, tools used in cars or bicycles. On the other hand, tools meant for

cutting and piercing always have a sharp edge. This ensures that the area of their surfaces in

contact with the material to be cur pierced is as small as possible .

10 Created by Pinkz
9. Boojho is confused; he thinks if the area of his head were even one hundredth of a

square meter he should be carrying a weight of 1030 kg on his head. Why does such a

large force not crush him?

We are not crushed by the atmospheric pressure because air is present everywhere.

The pressure of air inside our body is same as that of the atmosphere. Therefore, we do not

experience its effect.

10. What happens to the air in the bicycle tube, when it has a puncture?

Air exerts pressure on the walls of the tube. When it gets puncture, air of the tube

comes our rapidly.

Textbook Questions

1. Give two examples each of situations in which you push or pull to change the state of

motion of objects.

(i) Goalkeeper dives or jumps up to apply a force on a moving ball due to which he can

stop or deflect the ball, saving a goal being scored.

(ii) On putting the palm in front on an inflated balloon by pressing it between palms, we

can change the shape of balloon.

2. Give two examples of situations in which applied force causes a change in the shape of

an object.

(i) On applying a force on an inflated balloon by pressing it between palms, we can

change the shape of balloon.

(ii) When a foam cushion placed on a chair or a bed is pressed with a hand or by standing

on it, the shape of foam is also changed.

3. Fill up the gaps to complete the following statements:

(i) To draw water from a well we have to ........ the rope.

(ii) A charged body .......... an uncharged body towards it

(iii) To move a loaded trolley we have to ...........it

(iv) The north pole of a magnet .......................the north pole of another magnet.

Ans. (i) pull, (ii) attracts, (iii) push, (iv) repels

11 Created by Pinkz
4. An archer stretches her bow while taking aim at the target. She then releases the

arrow, which begins to move towards the target. Based on this information fill up the

gaps in the following statements using terms : muscular/contact/non-

contact/gravity/friction/shape/attraction:

(i) To stretch the bow, the archer applies a force that causes a change in its ....

(ii) The force applied by the archer to stretch the bow is an example of .....Force

(iii) The type of force responsible for a change in the state of motion of the arrow is an

example of a ............Force

(iv) While the arrow moves towards its target, the forces acting on it are due to ....... and

due to............of air.

(i) Shape (ii) muscular or contact

(iii) non-contact (iv) gravity, friction.

5. In the following situations identify the agent exerting a force and the object on which

it acts. State the form in which the affect of force is observable in each case.

(i) Expelling lemon juice by squeezing it between the fingers.

(ii) Taking out paste from a toothpaste tube

(iii) A load suspended from a spring while its other end is on hook fixed to wall

(iv) An athlete taking a high jump to clear the bar at a height of 5 metres.

(i) Force is exerted by fingers on the lemon, due to which the shape of lemon changes

and its juice comes out.

(ii) Force is exerted by fingers on the lemon, due to which the shape of lemon .

changes and its juice comes out.

(iii) Force is exerted by load on the spring due to which spring stretches.

(iv) Force is exerted by body on the earth due to which athlete becomes able to clear

the bar,

6. A blacksmith hammers a hot piece of iron while making a tool. How does the force

due to hammering affect the piece of iron?

Due to hammering, the shape of piece of iron changes.

7. An inflated balloon was pressed against a wall after it has been rubbed with a piece of

synthetic cloth. It was found that the balloon sticks to the wall. Name the force

that might be responsible for attraction between the balloon and the wall.

12 Created by Pinkz
 The balloon sticks to the ball due to the electrostatic force because on rubbing the

balloon with a piece of synthetic cloth, the balloon becomes charged and charged body attracts

another uncharged body.

8. Name the forces acting on a plastic bucket containing water held above ground level in

your hand. Discuss why the forces acting on the bucket do not bring a change in its

state of motion. In what form can one observe the effect of force on the bucket or

on your body?

The forces acting on a plastic bucket are gravitational force and muscular force. These

forces not bring a change in its state of motion because being equal and opposite in magnitude.

The effect of net force on bucket becomes zero.

9. A rocket has been fired upwards to launch a satellite in its orbit. Name the two

forces acting on the rocket immediately after leaving the launching pad.

Two forces are :

(i) Gravitational force

(ii) Friction due to air or force of friction.

10. When we press the bulb of a dropper with its nozzle kept in water, air in the dropper

is seen to escape in the forms of bubbles. Once we release the pressure on the bulb,

water gets filled in the dropper. The rise of water in the dropper is due to :

(i) Pressure of water

(ii) Gravity of earth

(iii) Shape of rubber bulb

(iv) Atmospheric pressure

Atmospheric pressure

The pressure exerted by air around us is known as atmospheric pressure.

I. Very Short Answer Type Questions.

1. How can we decide whether an object is moving faster than the other?

By their speed.

2. What is the distance moved by an object in unit time called?

Speed.

13 Created by Pinkz
3. How can we change the speed and the direction of a moving body?

By applying force.

4. What is force?

A push or a pull on an object is called force.

5. What is the requirement for a force to come into play?

Interaction between two objects is required for a force to come into play.

6. What is the resultant force when two forces act in same direction?

Forces applied on an object in the same direction add to one another.

7. What will be the resultant force when two forces act in opposite directions on an

object?

When two forces act in opposite directions on an object then the net force will be the

difference between two forces.

8. What happens in a tug of war when two teams pull equally hard?

When two teams pull equally hard then the rope does not move in any direction.

9. Name the term used to express the strength of a force.

Magnitude.

10. When does the net force become zero?

When two forces acting on an object in opposite directions are equal then the net force

becomes zero.

11. A ball is at rest. Push it gently. Does the ball begin to move?

Yes, the ball begins to move.

12. What happens when we push again while the ball is moving?

When we push a moving ball, then its speed increases.

13. Place your palm in front of a moving ball. Does your palm apply any force on the ball?

Yes, our palm applies a force on the ball.

14. What happens to the speed of the ball when you place your palm in front of the

moving ball?

The speed of the ball is decreased.

15. What are two states of motion?

There are two states of motion;

(i) The state of rest

(ii) The state of motion

14 Created by Pinkz
16. Does the application of a force would always result in the change in the state of

motion of an object?

No, it does not always change the state of motion of an object.

17. What is muscular force?

The force resulting due to the action of muscles is known as muscular force.

18. Give two examples of muscular force.

Bending of our body and kicking the ball.

19. Does the force can change the speed of a moving object?

Yes.

20. What effect does a force put on the shape of an object?

The force may cause change in shape of the object.

21. Is muscular force a type of contact force?

Yes, muscular force is a type of contact force.

22. What is force of friction?

The force which acts on all moving objects in opposite direction to the motion of the

body is called force of friction.

23. What kind of force is friction?

Force of friction is also a type of contact force.

24. Why is force of friction called contact force?

Since the force of friction arises due to contact between surfaces of moving body and

other surfaces, so it is called a contact force.

25. Give two examples of contact forces.

(i) Muscular force

(ii) Force of friction

26. What are non-contact forces?

The forces acting from a distance without making contact are called non-contact forces.

27. Give an example of a non-contact force.

Magnetic force.

28. What is magnetic force?

The force exerted by a magnet on any magnetic object is called magnetic force.

29. What are the interaction of poles of two magnets?

(i) Like poles repel each other

15 Created by Pinkz
 (ii) Unlike poles attract each other

30. What do you mean by electrostatic force?

The force exerted by a charged body on another charged or non-charged body is called

electrostatic force.

31. What kind of force is an electrostatic force?

It is non-contact force.

32. What is gravitational force?

The force by which earth or any other object attracts objects towards itself is called

the gravitational force.

33. Is the gravity a property of earth only?

No, gravity is not a property of earth only.

34. Is the gravitational force a contact or non-contact force?

The gravitational force is non-contact force.

35. Name the force due to which every object falls on the earth.

Due to gravitational force.

36. What do you mean by pressure?

The force acting on a unit area of a surface is called pressure.

Pressure = Force/Area

37. How can we increase the pressure by exerting same force?

To increase pressure we should exert the same force on a smaller area.

38. Do liquids and gases also exert pressure?

Yes, liquids and gases also exert pressure.

39. What is the site of the pressure exerted by a liquid on the container?

A liquid exerts pressure on the walls of the container.

40. Do gases also exert pressure on the walls of containers?

Yes, gases also exert pressure on the walls of the containers.

41. What is atmosphere?

The envelop of air around us is called atmosphere.

42. What is atmospheric pressure?

The pressure exerted by the air is known as atmospheric pressure.

16 Created by Pinkz
43. Can you separate two hemispheres, if all the air is suck out from them?

There is no air inside the two hemispheres, so only outer surface is in contact of

atmospheric pressure. This is because we cannot separate them.

44. Give an example of pushing.

The pushing of table.

45. What is the example of pulling?

The pulling of chair.

46. In which situation the net force becomes zero?

When two equal forces act in opposite direction, the net force becomes zero.

47. What is the unit of force?

Newton.

II. Very Short Answer Type Questions.

1. A ball of dough is rolled into a flat chapati. Name the force exerted to change the

shape of the dough.

The shape of the dough is changed due to muscular force applied by the hand

2. Where do we apply force while walking?

We apply force on ground while walking and ground applies reaction force on our feet

due to which we are able to move forward.

3. Two thermocol balls held close to each other but move away from each other, when

they are released. Name the force which might be responsible for this phenomenon

Explain.

This is electrostatic which is created due to the rubbing and since same charges are

induced on two balls, so they move away from each other.

4. During dry weather, clothes made of synthetic fibre often stick to the skin. Which

type of force is responsible for this phenomenon?

The electrostatic force starts working between the cloth made of synthetic fibre and

cloth sticks to skin.

5. While sieving grains, small pieces fall down. Which force pulls them down?

It is the force of gravity which is responsible for this grains to fall down.

17 Created by Pinkz
6. A gas filled balloon moves up. Is the upward force acting on it larger or smaller than

the force of gravity?

The upward force will be greater than the force of gravity, only then the balloon will be

able to go up against this force.

7. A girl is pushing a box towards east direction. In which direction should her friend

push the box so that it moves faster in the same direction?

Her friend should push the box towards east direction, so that it will start moving

faster towards east because the magnitude of force increases.

8. Fruits detached from a tree fall down due to the force of gravity. We know that a

force arises due to interaction between two objects. Name the objects interacting in

this case.

The interacting objects in this case are earth and fruit. Earth applied force of gravity

on fruit towards its center so fruit fells down.

9. What is force?

Force could be a push of pull on an object?

10. What is the magnitude to the force when it acts in the opposite directions on ab

object?

If two forces act in the opposite directions on an object, the net force acting on it is

the difference between the two forces.

11. What happens when more than one force acting on an object?

The effect on the object is due to the net force acting on it.

12. What is the contact force?

A force that appears due to physical contact of two objects is called contact force.

13. Which force is responsible for wearing and tyres of motor vehicles?

Tyres or mote vehicles wear out due to frictional force between tyres and the road.

14. What is an electrostatic force?

The force exerted by a charges body on another charged or uncharged body is known as

electrostatic force.

15. What is pressure?

The force acting on a unit area of a surface is called pressure.

16. What would be the pressure if a force of 25N is applied over area of 100 ?

Pressure = = = 0.4 N − = 0.4 Pascals.

18 Created by Pinkz
17. What is atmosphere?

The envelope of air surrounding the earth is known as atmosphere.

18. A force can act on an object without being in contact with it . What is it called?

It is called non-contact force.

19. What are the interactions of poles of two magnets ?

(i) Like poles repel each other

(ii) Unlike poles attract each other ?

20. In which situation does the net force become zero?

When two equal force act in opposite directions , the net force becomes zero.

III. Very Short Answer Type Questions.

1. A ball of dough is rolled into a flat chapatti, Name the force exerted to change the

shape of the dough.

Muscular force

2. Where do we apply a force while walking?

While walking we apply force on the ground.

3. A Girl is pushing a box towards east direction. in which direction should her friend push

the box so that it moves faster in the same direction?

Towards east.

4.

In the circuit shown above, when the key is closed, the compass needle placed in

the matchbox deflects. Name the force which causes this deflection.

Magnetic force

19 Created by Pinkz
5. During dry weather, clothes made of synthetic fibre often stick to the skin. Which

type of force is responsible for this phenomenon?

Electrostatic force.

6. While sieving grains, small pieces fall down, which force pulls them down?

Force of gravity.

7. Does force of gravity act on dust particles?

Yes.

8. A gas filled balloon moves up. Is the upward force acting on it larger or smaller than

the force of gravity.

Upward force is larger than the force of gravity.

9. Does the force of gravitation exist between two astronauts in space?

Yes

10. A chapatti maker is machine which converts balls of dough into chapattis. What

effect of force comes into play in this process?

The force changes the shape of the dough.

11. Fruits detached from a tree fall down due to force of gravity. We know that a force

arises due to interaction between two objects. Name the objects interacting in this

case.

Earth and fruits.

12. A man is pushing a cart down a slope, Suddenly the cart starts moving faster and the

wants to slow it down. What should he do?

He should apply a force to pull the cart up the slope.

I. Short Answer Type Questions.

1.

20 Created by Pinkz
 The figure above shows a man with a parachute, Name the force which is

responsible for his downward motion. Will he come down with the same speed without the

parachute?

Force of gravity. No, without the parachute his speed will be higher.

2. Two persons are applying forces on two opposite sides of a moving cart, the cart still

moves with the same speed in the same direction. what do you infer about the

magnitudes and direction of the forces applied?

Both the forces are of equal magnitudes and applied in the opposite directions.

3. A force of 200 N is applied to an object of area 4 m2. Calculate the pressure.

Force = 200N

Area = 4 m2

So, Pressure = Force

Area

= 200

= 50 N/m2

4. Two thermocol balls held close to each other move away from each other. When they

are released, name the force which might be responsible for this phenomenon explain.

Electrostatic force. The balls have similar charges. They move away due to repulsion

between similar charges.

5.

Figure shows a car sticking to an electromagnet. Name the forces acting on the

car. Which one of them is larger?

Magnetic force (in the upward direction) and force of gravity or the weight of the car

(downward). Magnetic force is larger than the force of gravity.

21 Created by Pinkz
6. It is difficult to cut cloth using a pir of scissors with blunt blades. Explain.

Blunt blades have larger area compared to the sharp – edged blades. Thus, the applied

force produces a lower pressure in case of blunt blades, which makes it difficult to cut the

cloth.

7. Tow rods of the same weight and equal length have different thickness. They are held

vertically on the surface of sand as shown in figure. Which one of them will sink more?

Why?

Road B will go deeper as it has a smaller area of contact, therefore the same force

(weight of the rod) produces more pressure. In case of rod A the same force produces less

pressure.

8. It is much easier to burst an inflated balloon with a needle than by a finger. Explain.

When we prick the surface of an inflated balloon with a needle it exerts a larger

pressure because it has a smaller area of contact compared to the finger. The large pressure

pieces the surface of the balloon easily.

9. Observe the vessels A, B, C and D shown in the figure below carefully.

Volume of water taken in each vessel is as shown. Arrange them in the order of

decreasing pressure at the base of each vessel. Explain.

D,B,A,C because pressure of a liquid column depends upon the height of the liquid column

and not on volume of the liquid.

22 Created by Pinkz
 II. Short Answer Type Questions.

1. What is a force? Explain with the help of some examples.

Force is a pull or push of the objects. The action like, pushing, pulling, picking, hitting,

lifting, running and bending are the examples of force. Moving or stopping of a body, changing

shape and direction of motion of objects are various actions which show force in play.

2. How do we feel force in our daily life?

Various big or small actions make us feel the force. We hit or catch many objects in our

daily life. We see that a moving ball stops on its own. The ball changes the direction of its

motion when it is hit with a bat. We make lassi etc, by churning of curd. These are many actions

which help us to feel that a force is exerted.

3. Explain the forces are due to an interaction between objects.

Imagine, a man is standing behind a stationary car. The car does not move due to his

presence.

A man standing behind a stationary car A car being pushed by a man

Now allow the man to push the car, it means he applies a force on the car. The car may

begin to move in the direction of the applied force. Note that the man has to push the car to

make it move. This example shows that at least two objects must interact with each other for a

force to come into play.

4. What happens when

(i) Two forces are exerted in same direction?

(ii) Two forces are exerted in opposite directions?

(i) When two forces are exerted in same direction on an object, then the forces are

added and action becomes easy.

(ii) When two forces act in the opposite directions on an object, the net force acting on

it is the difference between the two forces.

23 Created by Pinkz
 (a) (b)

5. What are the two factors on which effect of force depends?

There are following two factors on which the effect of force depends.

(i) Magnitude : The strength of force is usually expressed by its magnitude.

(ii) Direction of force : We have also to specify the direction of force in which it acts.

In the direction or magnitude or force changes, its effect also changes.

6. What are the effects of force?

A force changes or try to change the

(i) Speed of moving body

(ii) Direction of motion of a body

(iii) Shape of a body

7. What are states of motion?

An object can be in two positions, one is at rest or other in motion; both are its states of

motion. Any change in this position (rest or motion) can be called the change in the state of

motion. The state of motion of an object is described by its spend and the direction of motion.

8. How can a force change the states of motion.

There are two states of an object: (i) Rest and (ii) Motion

When a force is applied on a body then it can move. In the same way a force can change

the direction of a moving object as well as its speed. A force can stop a moving object.

If the force is applied in the direction of motion at an object, then its speed its

increased. If the force acts in opposite direction, then the speed of the object is decreased.

9. What is the effect of force on the shape of an object?

A force can change or try to change the shape of an object. When a force is applied on

an object then change in shape takes place. It may be smaller or greater. At last we can say

that the application of force on an object may change its shape.

24 Created by Pinkz
10. Explain contact and non-contact forces.

Contact Forces : The forces which come into play only when two objects come in contact

with each other are called contact forces. Muscular force and force of friction are the

examples of contact forces.

Non-contact forces : The forces which come into play without any contact of objects

with one another are called non-contact forces. Electrostatic and magnetic forces are the

examples of non-contact forces.

11. What is muscular force? Why is it called contact force?

The force resulting due to the action of muscles in known as the muscular force.

Muscular force is called contact force because it comes in action only when two bodies come in

contact with each other.

12. What do you understand by the force of friction?

The force which always acts on all the moving objects and whose direction is always

opposite toe the direction of motion is called force of friction. Since the force of friction

arises due to contact between surfaces, it is also called contact force.

13. What is electrostatic force? Why is it called non-contact force?

The force exerted by a charged body on another charged or uncharged body is called

electrostatic force. This force comes into play even when the bodies are not in contact, so it is

called non-contact force.

14. Explain force of gravity.

Objects or the things that fall towards the earth because the earth pulls them. This

force is called force of gravity of the force due to gravitation. This is also called just gravity.

It is an attractive force .This force acts on all objects.

15. What is pressure? What happens to the pressure when area on which it is applied

increases?

The force acting on a unit area of a surface is called pressure.

Pressure = Force/Area on which it acts. The pressure is inversely proportional to the area on

which force is allied. As the area on which force is applied is increased, the pressure decreases.

We can say that pressure increases with decrease in area.

25 Created by Pinkz
16. We observe that the wheels of buses and trucks are heavier than the wheels of cars

or scooters. Why?

The buses can trucks are heavy and require to exert less pressure. We know that

pressure decreases as area of contact increases, so the tyres are broadened so that they exert

less pressure on earth and move easily. If they exert more pressure, they will sink in earth. The

scooters and cars have less wide wheels because they need more pressure for gripping.

17. What is atmospheric pressure?

The envelope of air around the earth is known as atmosphere. The atmospheric air

extends up to many kilometres above the surface of the earth. The pressure exerted by the air

is called atmospheric pressure.

18. If the area of your head is 15 cm x 15 cm, how much force air will exert on your

head?

The force due to air in a column of the height of the atmosphere and area 15 cm x 15 cm

is nearly equal to the force of gravity on of an object of mass 225 kg (2250 N). We have air

inside our body, so we are not crushed under this force of gravity and the pressure inside our

bodies is also equal to the atmospheric pressure and balances the pressure from outside.

19. What do you mean by gravitational force?

Gravity is not a property of the earth alone. In fact every objection in the inverse,

whether small or large, exerts a force on every other object. This force is called the

gravitational force.

20. Write some tasks in which change of motion takes place.

Picking, opening, shutting, kicking, hitting, lifting, flicking, pushing and pulling are often

used to describe certain tasks. Each of these results in some kind of change in motion takes

place.

26 Created by Pinkz
 III. Short Answer Type Questions-I

1. In the circuit shown in Fig., when the key is closed the compass needle placed in the

match box deflects. Name the force which causes this deflection.

On closing the switch, the current starts flowing in the wire and due to this current, a

magnetic field gets established around the wire which exerts magnetic force on the needle and

it gets deflected.

2. A chapatti maker is a machine which converts balls of dough into chapattis. What

effect of force comes into play in this process?

The force on unit area is called pressure. This is the pressure which works on the dough

balls and makes them chapatis with the help of machines.

3. Does the force of gravitation exist between two astronauts in space?

Yes, there will be gravitational force between the astronauts because every object in

universe, whether smaller or larger, exerts a force on every other object ; it is the universal

law of gravitation.

4. What is the state or motion? How can we change the state of an object?

The state of motion of an object is described by its speed and the direction of motion.

An object may be at rest or in motion, both are its states of motion. It can be changed by

action of force on that object.

5. Fig. Shows a man with a parachute. Name the force which is responsible for his

downward motion. Will he come down with the same speed without the parachute?

27 Created by Pinkz
 The name of force responsible for the downward motion of the parachute is force a of

gravity. No because the air friction will becomes less.

6. Enlist the types of contact forces

Contact forces can be of two types.

i) Muscular force

ii) Force of friction

7. A ball rolling along the ground gradually slows down and finally comes to rest. Why

does this happen? What is the effect of this force?

The force responsible for changing the state of motion of ball is the force of friction.

The ball will come to rest position. This force caused wear and tear of the objects in motion.

8. Enlist the types of non-contact forces

Non-contact forces:

i) Gravitational force

ii) Magnetic force

iii) Electrostatic Force

9. Define frictional force

The force responsible for wearing out tyres of motor vehicle is force of friction.

10. Why is cutting vegetables with a blunt knife not easier?

Blunt knife has larger area than of sharp knife. So less pressure wiil be on vegetable

which make in tough to cut.

11. Why it is easy to fix the pointed nail into wonders plank?

Because the area of pointed end of the nail is much smaller than that of its head. The

same force therefore produces a pressure sufficient to push the pointed end of the nail into

the wooden plank.

12. How can you prove that the pressure is exerted by liquids?

Take a glass tube open at both ends. The length of tube should be about 15 cm. Take a

thin sheet of a good rubber, Stretch the rubber and fix tightly over one end of the pipe. Hold

the tube in vertical position. Pour water in it. The rubber sheet bulges out. This bulging is due

to the pressure exerted by water. Hence it is proved that pressure is exerted by liquids.

13. Give two examples of situation in which applied force causes a change in shape of an

object.

i) We press a balloon to change its shape.

28 Created by Pinkz
 ii) We make chapatti from a ball of dough.

14. Give two examples of each situation in which you push or pull to change the state of

motion of an object.

i) We push the door to open it

ii) We pull the drawer to open it

15. Two persons are applying forces on two opposite sides of a moving cart. The cart still

moves with the same speed in the same direction. What do you infer about the

magnitudes and direction of the forces applied.

The magnitudes of forces is equal and they act in opposite direction so they are

cancelling each other. The following diagram shows this.

III. Short Answer Type Questions-II

1. A man is pushing a cart down a slope. Suddenly the cart starts moving faster and he

wants to slow it down. What should he do? (NCERT Exemplar)

A man can do followings things.

i) He can start pulling the cart instead of pushing it in order to balance the downward s

force due to gravity.

ii) He can go the opposite side by moving himself very fast in the direction of motion and

try to slow down the speed of cart by giving an opposite force to the moving cart.

2. Fig. Shows a car sticking to an electromagnet. Name the forces acting on the car.

Which one of them is larger? (NCERT Exemplar)

29 Created by Pinkz
 The forces working on the object (car) are:

i) Force of gravity (downwards)

ii) Magnetic force (upwards)

since the car is moving upwards, so magnetic force due to electromagnet is greater.

3. Two rods of the same weight and equal length have different thickness. They are held

vertically on the surface of sand as shown in Fig. Which one of them will sink more?

Why? (NCERT Exemplar)

We know that pressure exerted by the body is inversely proportional to the area where

force is applied. So, the thinner rod i.e., rod B will sink more because it has less area of cross-

section in contact with the surface, hence it will exert more pressure on the sand as compared

to the rod A

4. Describe each effect of the force given below with one example

i) Make an object move from rest.

ii) May change the speed of an object

iii) May bring about a change in the shape of an object.

Effect of the force in given situations.

i) While taking a penalty kick in football the player applies a force on the ball. Before

being hit, the ball was at rest and so its speed was speed was zero. It indicates that an object

can move from rest with effect of force.

ii) A car is moving on the road at a slow speed. Applying force on the accelerator will

increase the speed of the car.

iii) Take lump of dough in a plate. Make chapattis from that dough by rolling roller and

putting pressure on it. It changes the shape by force.

30 Created by Pinkz
5. What is atmospheric pressure ? How can we get an idea but the magnitude of

atmospheric pressure?

The envelope of air surrounding the earth is known as the atmosphere. The pressure

exerted by this air is known as atmospheric pressure. The magnitude of atmospheric pressure.

Can be felt by following experiment. Take a good quality rubber sucker. Press it hard on a

smooth plane surface. When we press the sucker, most of the air between its cup and surface

escapes out. The sucker sticks to the surface because the pressure of atmosphere acts on it.

To pull the sucker off the surface, the applied force should be large. This activity mighty give

us an idea about the magnitude of atmospheric pressure.

6. What are the effects of force?

A force changes or try to change the :

i) Speed of a moving body

ii) Direction of motion of a body

iii) Shape of a body

7. We observe that the wheels of buses and trucks are heavier than the wheels of cars or

scooters. Why?

The buses and trucks are heavy and require to exert less pressure. We know that

pressure decreases as area of contact increases, so the tyres are broadened so that they exert

less pressure on earth and move easily. If they exert more pressure, they will sink earth. The

scooters and a cars have less wide wheels because they need more pressure for gripping.

8. What do you understand by the force of friction?

The force which always acts on all the moving objects and whose direction is always

opposite to the direction of motion is called force of friction. Since the force of friction

arises due to contact between surfaces, it is also called contact force.

I. Long Answer Type Questions.

1. It is much easier to burst an inflated balloon with a needle than by a finger. Explain.

(NCERT Exemplar)

Because needle tip has very less area of cross section in comparison to that of our

finger and we know that pressure exerted by a force is inversely proportional to the area when

it has been applied, so pressure exerted will be more by the needle tip than the finger.

31 Created by Pinkz
2. Two women are of the same weight. One wears sandals with pointed heels while the

other wears sandals with flat soles. Which one would feel more comfortable while

walking on a sandy beach? Give reasons for your answers. (NCERT Exemplar)

While walking on a sandy surface, one needs the footwears of longer area so that the

pressure exerted on the ground is minimum. So, in this case, the woman having the sandals with

pointed heels will be less comfortable while sandals with flat soles feels more comfortable while

walking on sandy beach.

3. It is difficult to cut cloth using a pair of scissions with blunt blades. Explain

It is difficult to cut cloth using a pair of scissors with blunt blades because blunt blades

have more area due to which applied force produces very less pressure. As we know that

pressure is inversely proportional to area of cross-section, so it is difficult to cut cloth from

blunt blade. (P = F/A)

4. Observe the vessels A,B,C AND D shown in fig. Carefully volume of water taken in

each vessel is as shown. Arrange them in the order of decreasing pressure at the base

of each vessel Explain.

Ans : Pressure at depth due to liquid column depends upon :

i) gravitational acceleration (g)

ii) density of liquid

iii) height of liquid

And in this case, g and density are same. So, only thing that can change pressure is

height. So the order of pressure exerted the fluid. A,B,C, and D at base is given by
> > >
5. Experimentally explains that pressure is exerted by liquids and gases on the walls of

the containers.

Pressure exerted by liquids and gases on the wall of container can be explained by the

following experiments.

Take a plastic bottle. Fix a cylindrical glass tube (a few cms long) near its bottom. Make

sure that the water does not leak from the joint. Cover the mouth of glass tube with a thin

runner sheet. Fill the bottle up to half with water. The bulging of the rubber sheet in this

case indicates that water exerts pressure on the sides of container or we can say that liquid

exerts pressure on the walls of container.

32 Created by Pinkz
 In the case of gas, when we inflate a balloon the balloon will be filled with air and air

exerts pressure and its shape has changed. So we find pressure and its shape has changed. So

we find that gases, too, exert pressure on the walls of their container.

6. What are contact and non-contact forces? Explain briefly with suitable examples

Forces can be of two types

i) Contact Forces

ii) Non – contact forces

i) Contact forces : The forces that come into play when two objects come in contact

with each other.

a) Muscular force : The force which is exerted due to action of muscles is knows as

the muscular force. E.g. running, bending, walking etc.,

b) Frictional Force : The force responsible for changing the state of motion of an

object. Equal and opposite forces are being exerted on an object when its surface comes in

contact with other surface e.g. a car or scooter comes to rest.

ii) Non- contact forces : The forces that can be exerted from a distance without

establishing a contact are called the non-contact forces.

a) Magnetic forces : Force exerted by a magnet on another magnet or magnetic

substances like iron is called magnetic force e.g. Car sticking to an electromagnet

b) Electrostatic force : Force exerted by a charged body on another charged body

or uncharged body is called electrostatic force. E.g. If we rub a comb with hair and

bring it near some small bits of paper it attracts the bits of paper towards itself.

This is electrostatic force.

c) Force of gravity : The earth pulls every object towards its centre. The force

exerted by the earth is called the force of gravity.

33 Created by Pinkz
 II. Long Answer Type Questions.

1. Read table no.11.1 , page 128 of NECRT Textbook and try to identify the action as

push or pull.

Table 11.1 Identifying actions as Push or Pull

Action : (Pushing / pulling / picking / Action can be

Description of the
S.No hitting / lifting / lowering / flying / grouped as a
situation
kicking / throwing / shutting / flicking)
Push Pull
Moving a book placed
1 Pushing Pulling Lifting 1 Yes Yes
on a table

Opening or shutting
2 Pulling Pushing Lifting Lowering Yes Yes
a door

Drawing a bucket of Lowerin

3 Pulling Lifting - - Yes
water from a well g

A football player
4 Kicking Flying - - Yes -
taking a penalty kick

A cricket ball hit by

5 Hitting Flying - - Yes -
a batsman

6 Moving a loaded cart Pulling - - - - Yes

7 Opening a drawer Pulling - - - - Yes

2. Read Table no.11.2, Page 133 of NCERT Textbook and complete it.

Table 11.2 Studying the Effect of Force on Objects

Action of force
Change in
Description of
How to apply force state of Change in shape
situation
motion
Yes No Yes No
A lump of dough on a Pressing it down with
- No Yes -
plate your hands

34 Created by Pinkz
 Spring fixed to the By sitting on the seat
- No Yes -
seat of bicycle

A rubber band By hanging a weight or

suspended from a hook- by pulling its free end Yes - Yes -

nail fixed on a wall

A plastic or metal scale By putting a weight at

placed between two the centre of the - No Yes -

bricks scale

3. What are the various effects of force on different objects?

The various effects of force are;

(i) A force can make an object move from rest.

(ii) It can change the speed of a moving object.

(iii) It can bring about a change in the shape of an object.

(iv) It can change the direction of motion of an object.

(v) It can cause some or all of these effects.

4. What are contact forces? State different types of contact forces.

The forces which come into play only when two objects come in contact with each other

are called contact forces. Some contact forces are;

(i) Muscular force : The forces resulting due the action of muscles are known as

muscular forces. Muscular force is a contact force because it comes into play when two object,

come in contact with each other.

(ii) Force of friction: When a body is moving, then a force equal and opposite tot eh

direction of motion is exerted on that moving body. This force is called force of friction. It is

also a contact force because it is exerted when two surfaces come in contact with each other.

5. What are non-contact forces? Explain different types of non-contact forces.

The forces which can be exerted from a distance, without establishing a contact are

called non-contact forces. Some non-contact forces are;

(i) Magnetic force : The force exerted by a magnet on other magnet or some other

magnetic substance like iron is called magnetic force. Like poles of a magnet repel each other

and unlike poles of a magnet attract each other without contact. So it is called non-contact

force.

35 Created by Pinkz
 (ii) Electrostatic force : The force exerted by a charged body on other charged or

uncharged body is called electrostatic force. Electrostatic force also acts without making a

direct contact with other charged or uncharged body. So it is also a non-contact force.

6. What is force? Name different types of forces.

A push or pull on an object is called force. There are following types of forces.

(i) Muscular force (ii) Force of friction (iii) Magnetic force

(iv) Force of gravity (v) Electrostatic force

7. Prove that the force of friction depends on the nature of the two surfaces in contact.

Collect the following things:

A thick book, nylon cloth, gunny cloth, plastic sheet, jute cloth and sand paper. Place the

book on each of the materials and slide it on the floor one by one. If your book slides off the

plastic sheet or nylon cloth, use adhesive tape to stick it firmly on the surface of the book.

You will observe that the different materials offer different amounts of resistances to

sliding.

This activity shows that force of friction depends on the nature of the surface in

contact. In general, smooth surface offers lesser friction than rough surface.

8. Prove that the pressure exerted by water at the bottom of the container depends on

the height of its column.

Take a transparent glass tube or plastic pipe. Also take piece of thin sheet of a good

quality rubber. Stretch the rubber sheet tightly over one end of pipe. Hold the pipe at the

middle, keeping it in a vertical position. Pour some water in the pipe. Note the height of the

water column in the pipe. Pour some more water. Observe, the bulge in rubber sheet and height

of water column in the pile.

Repeat this process a few more times. You observe that as the height of water column

increases the bulge in the rubber sheet also increases.

36 Created by Pinkz
9. Show that a liquid exerts pressure on the walls of the container.

Take a plastic bottle. Fix a cylindrical glass tube a few cm long near its bottom. You can

do so by slightly heating one end of the glass tube and then quickly inserting it near the bottom

of the bottle.

Make sure that water does not leak from the joint. If there is any leakage seal it with

molten wax. Cover the mouth of the glass tube with a thin rubber sheet. Now fill the bottle up

to half with water. We observe the bulge in the rubber sheet. Pour some more water in the

bottle. We see more bulge in rubber sheet. This activity indicates that water exerts pressure

on the walls of the container.

Water

Glass tube

Bulging rubber sheet

z`

10. Explain that liquids exert equal pressure at the same depth.

Take an empty plastic bottle. Drill four holes all around near the bottom of the bottle.

Make sure that all the holes are at the same height from the bottom. Now fill the bottle with

water. We observe that different streams of water coming out of the holes fall at the same

distance from the bottle. This observation indicates that liquids exert equal pressure at the

same depth.

Water

Hole

11. What experiment was performed to prove that air has pressure?

Otto von Guerick, a German Scientist invented a pump in 17th century to extract air out

of a vessel. He demonstrated the force of the air pressure. He joined two hollow metallic

37 Created by Pinkz
hemispheres of 51 cm diameter each and pumped air out of them. Then he employed eight

horses on each hemisphere to pull them apart. So great is the force of air pressure that the

hemisphere could not be pulled apart.

III. Long Answer Type Questions.

1. An archer shoots an arrow in the air horizontally. However, after moving some

distance, the arrow falls to the ground. Name the initial force that sets the arrow in

motion. Explain why the arrow ultimately falls down.

The archer stretches the string of the bow by applying muscular force. In the process,

the shape of the bow changes. When the string is released, it regains its original position that

provides the initial force to set the arrow in motion. The force of gravity that acts on the

arrow in the downward direction brings it to the ground.

2. Two women are of the same weight. One wears sandals with pointed heels while the

other wears sandals with flat soles. Which one would feel more comfortable while

walking on a sandy beach? Give reasons for your answer.

The woman wearing sandals with flat soles will feel more comfortable while walking on

the sandy beach. The flat soles have larger area compared to the sandals with pointed heels.

Since the two women are of the same weight , they will apply same force on the ground.

Therefore, the pressure are of the same weight , they will apply same force on the ground.

Therefore. The pressure exerted by the pointed heels will be more compared to that with

sandals having flat soles, as a result the pointed heel sandals having flat soles. As a result the

pointed heel sandals will sink more in the sand than the flat sole sandals. Hence. Walking with

flat sole sandals will be more comfortable.

38 Created by Pinkz
 I. High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Questions.

1. An astronaut travels from the earth to the moon. How do its weight and mass change?

Mass of an object remains constant at all the places, so mass of astronaut will not

change . Weight of an object depends upon the gravity and at the moon gravity is lesser than

earth, so weight of astronaut will decrease.

2. We can increase the pressure by exerting same force. Explain how?

In order to increase pressure, we should exert same force on a smaller area.

3. Why is easy to cut the fruit with sharp knife as compared to blunt knife?

The surface area of sharp knife is lesser than that of blunt knife, so pressure applied by

sharp knife is higher than blunt knife.

4. Double tyres are provided at the rear wheels of trucks explain why?

In order to carry the heavy loads the rear wheels in the heavy vehicles such as bus,

trucks etc., are provided with double tyres. It is due to the fact that most of the weight of

these vehicles is on their rear axle. So the double tyre increases area of cross section (for

tyre) and hence, decreases pressure on the road.

5. Wooden on concrete sleepers are kept below the railway line Explain why?

Since the area on which weight of train acts, increases which results in the decrease in

the pressure on the ground due to which the train moves easily on the rail line without any risk

of accident. So wooden or concrete sleeper are kept below the railway line.

6. An inflated gas balloon is placed in a jar, which is connected to an evacuating pumps.

What happened if the air inside the jar is pumped out? Explain

The balloon contains gas at a pressure which is more than the atmosphere pressure, i.e.,

outside pressure of balloon. When the air in the jar is removed there is no opposition to the

pressure exerted . So when the air inside the jar is pumped out, the balloon will expand rapidly

and burst.

7. In walking the pressure on the ground is more as compared to that while standing on

the ground Explain this statement

If a person is walking on the ground, then at one time his one foot is on the ground.

Therefore, the force of entire weight of man falls on smaller area of the ground which results

into large pressure on the ground. While in another case if the main is standing on the ground,

39 Created by Pinkz
then the force of weight of man, fall on larger area of ground and results in less pressure on

the ground.

II. High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Questions.

1. Why do you need to breathe faster at the top of a tall mountain?

Because at higher altitudes, the molecules of oxygen decrease, therefore we need to

breathe faster to bring the few oxygen molecules into the lungs to make up for the difficult.

2. Why does the high atmospheric pressure at sea level not squash us?

The atmospheric pressure acting on our body from outside is balanced by the blood

pressure acting from inside. That is why we do not get squashed at sea level.

3. When is the pressure on the ground more-when a man is lying or when a man is

standing? Explain.

The pressure on the ground is more when a man is standing as the area of contact is

smaller therefore pressure is larger.

Value Based Questions

1. Mridual and Aryan were good friends . They both went to gym for exercises. The

coach of gym told them to complete 10 dips each. Midual started doing it by stretch

in the palms on the floor while Aryan opted to do the same job on pair of rods at some

height from floor.

(i) Mridual got less pain while Aryan got more pain on his palms why?

(ii) Mention the idea used by Mridual here

(i) Aryan applied more pressure on his palms by bearing the maximum load of his body on

small area of palms while Mridul applied pressure on his palms by bearing the same load on

larger area of palms.

(ii) Mridul had the presence of mind and he thought of an excellent idea about pressure

on the body part.

2. Raman was very curious to know how the porters carried heavy load on their head

easily. Suddenly he asked his teacher and teacher told him that by reducing the

pressure on the head, the porters carried heavy load.

40 Created by Pinkz
 (i) Explain how the porters carry heavy loads easily

(ii) Mention your views about Raman

i) The porters usually cover their head by thick round clothes before carrying the load.

This increases the area of contact, thereby reducing pressure on the head so, the porters

carry heavy load easily.

ii) According to me, Raman is very curious to know about science.

Skill Based Questions

1. Observe the following figure and answer the questions.

(i) What are these two men doing?

(ii) What is the direction of forces applied by these two men?

(iii) What is the net force in this case?

(i) These two mean are applying force on a box.

(ii) The force are applied in the same direction.

(iii) The net force in this case is the sum of two forces.

2. Observe the following figure and answer the questions.

(i) What are these two men in figure doing?

(ii) What is the direction of forces applied by these two men?

(iii) What is the net force in this case?

41 Created by Pinkz
 (i) These two men are applying force on the box.

(ii) The direction of applied forces is opposite.

(iii) The net force in this case is the difference of two forces.

3. Observe the following figure and answer the questions.

(i) What are the bullocks doing?

(ii) What types of force are applied by bullocks?

(iii) In such type of force a contact or non-contact force?

(i) The two bullocks are drawing a cart having load.

(ii) The bullocks applied the muscular force.

(iii) Such types of forces are contact forces.

4. Observe the following figure and answer these questions.

(i) Identify the figure.

(ii) What is that man doing?

(iii) Why such man places a round piece of cloth on his head?

(i) The figure is showing a porter.

(ii) That man (porter) carries heavy loads.

42 Created by Pinkz
 (iii) The porter places a round piece of cloth on his head to increase the area of contact

of the load with his head. So the pressure on his head is reduced.

5. (i) Draw a diagram to show that liquids exert force (pressure) on the walls of the

container.

(ii) What happens to the force if some more water is added in the bottle.

(i)

Water

Glass tube

Bulging rubber sheet

z`
(ii) If we add some more water in the bottle then there is more bulge in the rubber

sheet.

6. Draw a diagram to show that liquids exert equal pressure at the same depth.

Water

Holes at the same

height

7. Draw a diagram to show atmospheric pressure.

43 Created by Pinkz
 Cross word Puzzle

Across

3. Force exerted per unit area.

6. The unit of pressure.

7. A force that acts on an object without being in contact with it.

8. The unit of force

9. Force used to lift a bag.

Down

1. The force that prevents things from moving it.

2. A push or a pull.

3. A force that acts only when it is in contact with an object.

4. The force with which the earth pulls everything towards itself.

44 Created by Pinkz
Across

3. Pressure 6. Pascal 7. Non-contact 8. Newton 9. Muscular

Down

1. Friction 2. Force 3. Contact 4. Gravity

45 Created by Pinkz