Chess

What is Chess?
Chess is a board game played between two
players.
It is an abstract strategy game and involves no
hidden information.
It is played on a square chessboard with 64
squares arranged in an eight-by eight grid.
 History
The history of chess can be traced back nearly 1500 years
ago to its earliest known predecessor, Chaturanga , in India.

Its prehistory is the subject of speculation. From India it

spread to Persia. Following the Arab invasion and conquest
of Persia, chess was taken up by the muslim world and
subsequently spread to Southern Europe.

The game evolved roughly into its current form by about

1500 CE.
CHESS PIECES
Pawn
Lowest value piece on chess
board and there are 8 pawns
per player.

The way pawns are arranged

on the board is called the “
Pawn Structure ”
Bishop
Considered a minor piece
worth 3 points, a player’s
bishop will always remain
on the same color on which
it started.
Knight
Along with the bishops, knights
make up the “minor pieces” Knights
are worth 3 points.

A knight has unusual movement

rules. Knights have the ability to
jump over, making it especiall
valuable.
Rook
Considered a major piece, valued
at 5 points.

Rooks move through unoccupied

spaces and captures an opposing
piece by occupying its space.
Queen
The most valuable piece.

The queen is valued at 9 points.

The queen may move through an

unlimited unoccupied space in
any direction.
King
The most important piece in Chess.

The king can move in any direction (1

square) but theres an exception – The
king can never place itself in check.
Technically, the king is the only piece
that is never captured in a game.
 Game Objective
• The game is started by the player who has the white pieces.
• Each players goal is to assault the opponents King in such a way that
will prevent the king from being captured on the next move.
• The player who accomplishes this is said to have checkmated his
opponent and won the game.
• The game is drawn when neither player can checkmate the other.
Chessboard
Set-Up
Chessboard Set-Up
Chessboard Set-Up
Chessboard Set-Up
Chessboard Set-Up
Chessboard Set-Up
Chessboard Set-Up
Chessboard Set-Up
GameRules
• The PAWN on its first move may
move either one or two squares
straight forward.
• The pawn captures by moving
diagonal one square forward in
each direction. The pawn CANNOT
move or capture backwards.
• The Knight can jump
to any square in L
shape
• This is the only piece
that can jump over a
piece in its way
• The BISHOP may move in any
number of squares diagonally.
• They can only move on the
same color squares.
• The same color where it
started.
• The ROOK may move in a
straight line, any number
of squares horizontally or
vertically.
• The QUEEN may
move in any number
of squares straight,
diagonally in any
direction.
• The KING may move only one
square in any direction, so long
as no piece is blocking his path.

• The KING may not move

anywhere it can get checked.
• The KING may move only one
square in any direction, so long
as no piece is blocking his path.

• The KING may not move

anywhere it can get checked.
• In starting the game,
White always starts
the game.
• Afterwards, the player
alternately move
CHECK
A King is in check, when it is attacked
by the opponent’s piece.
The King must get out of the check
immediately by:
- Moving the king
- Capturing the piece that gave the
check
- Or by blocking the check with
another piece.
CHECKMATE
• If the King cannot escape from
the check, the position is
checkmate and the game is
over.

• The player who got

checkmated gets zero point
and the player giving mate gets
one point.
Special
Moves
Pawn Promotion
If a white pawn reaches the 8th
(or 1st with Black) the rank of
the board, it must be
exchanged.

It can be promoted to a Queen

, Rook, Bishop or Knight of its
own color. But never to a King.
Castling
• A move involving the king and
either of the player’s original rooks.

• The only move in chess which a

player moves two pieces in the
same move.

• And it is the only move aside from

the knight’s move where a piece
can be said to “ jump over” another.
 Game
Endings
• There are eight ways that a
chess game can end.

• The win/lose situation where

the game can end in three
ways by means of checkmate,
resignation and timeout.
Checkmate
When a player is threatening
the opposing king and the king
cannot move to another
square, protected by another
piece and is unable to capture
the checking piece.
Resignation
When a player knows that
he will be checkmate soon
and decides to resign the
game
Timeout
When a player runs out of time
it doesn't matter if you have
the advantage once you run
out of time you automatically
lose the game.
The game can also end in a
draw with a stalemate,
insufficient material, 50 move
rule, repetition and agreement.
Stalemate
When the player has to move
the king that is not being
checked but has no more legal
moves the game ends in a
draw.
Insufficient material
When the combination of
pieces cannot force a
checkmate like king+minor
pieces.
50 move rule
Allows the player to claim a
draw if no capture has been
made and no Pawn has been
moved in the last 50 moves.
Repetition
• The threefold repetition rule
happens 3 times in a row
players can claim a draw.
• This rule was created to
avoid games being played to
repeat indefinitely.
Agreement
• If both players decided to
draw the game then the
game is draw by agreement.
• Because they believe that
neither players have an
advantage.
Now that we’ve learned a lot about the game,
Here’s a video of some chess action.

https://youtu.be/F3GR34AoKtAc