History

History
The history of chess goes back almost 1500 years. The game originated in northern India in the 6th
century AD and spread to Persia. When the Arabs conquered Persia, chess was taken up by the
Muslim world and subsequently, through the Moorish conquest of Spain, spread to Southern Europe.
But in early Russia, the game came directly from the Khanates (muslim territories) to the south.
In Europe, the moves of the pieces changed in the 15th century. The modern game starts with these
changes. In the second half of the 19th century, modern tournament play began. Chess clocks were
first used in 1883, and the first world chess championship was held in 1886. The 20th century saw
advances in chess theory, and the establishment of the World Chess Federation (FIDE). Chess engines
(programs that play chess), and chess data bases became important.
Laws of Chess - The nature and objectives of the game of chess

1.The game of chess is played between two opponents who move their pieces alternately on a
square board called a "chessboard". The player with the white pieces commences the game. A player
is said to "have the move", when his opponent's move has been made.
2.The objective of each player is to place the opponent´s king "under attack" in such a way that the
opponent has no legal move which would avoid the 'capture' of the king on the following move.
The player who achieves this goal is said to have "checkmated" the opponent´s king and to have won
the game. The opponent whose king has been checkmated has lost the game.
3. If the position is such that neither player can possibly checkmate, the game is drawn.
Laws of Chess - The initial position of the pieces on the chessboard

1.The chessboard is composed of an 8x8 grid of 64 equal squares alternately light (the "white"
squares) and dark (the "black" squares). The chessboard is placed between the players in such a way
that the near corner square to the right of the player is white.
2. At the beginning of the game one player has 16 light-coloured pieces (the "white" pieces); the
other has 16 dark-coloured pieces (the "black" pieces)
Here are chess equipment every player should own:

Chess Board
Chess Piece
Chess Clock
Score Sheets
Chess terms every beginner should know

Thinking of trying your hand at chess but a bit intimidated by all these strange terms you hear
thrown around? This handy guide will have you talking chess like a grandmaster in no time.
King
The King is the most important piece of the game! This piece cannot be taken off the board; the aim
of the game is to capture your opponent’s king, whilst keeping yours safe. The king moves one
square at a time in any direction.
Queen
The Queen may not be as important as the King, but it’s the most powerful piece on the board. The
queen can move to more squares than any other piece. It moves vertically, horizontally, and
diagonally as long as there are no other pieces in the way.
Rook
Rooks are powerful pieces that can sweep the board in one move, which is very useful at the end of a
game. They move vertically and horizontally as long as there are no other pieces in the way.
Bishop
Each player has two bishops; a bishop that only travels on white squares, and another that only
travels on black squares. They move diagonally as long as there are no other pieces in the way.
Knight
Knights are the only pieces that can jump over other pieces! They move in an ‘L’ shape – two squares
vertically and one horizontally, and vice versa.
Pawn
First things first - this piece is pronounced P-A-W-N. Not prawn. The pawn is the foot soldier – it can
only move one space at a time (except for the beginning where it can move two spaces) and it can’t
move backwards.
Checkmate
Checkmate is an attack on the King that your opponent can’t escape. In short, they lose the game!
Check
This is also an attack on the king, but unlike checkmate, this is one that your opponent can escape.
Stalemate
The player to move isn’t in check, but they can’t move any of their pieces. It’s a draw.
Capture
Capture refers to taking a piece from the board, so your opponent is a piece down.
Castling
Castling involves the king and the rook swapping positions. The king moves two spaces from the
starting position to the left or right, and the rook moves to next to it on the other side. This offers
your king more safety.
En passant
A pawn that moves two squares forward can be taken by an opposing pawn that’s directly next to it
on the following move.
Promotion
A pawn that reaches the end of the board can become any piece you want (just not the king or
another pawn).
Touch move
If you touch a piece, you have to move it. Once you let go of a piece, you can’t move it elsewhere. In
short: no take-backsies!
And remember, white always moves first!

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History

Laws of Chess - The nature and objectives of the game of chess

Laws of Chess - The initial position of the pieces on the chessboard

Here are chess equipment every player should own:

Chess terms every beginner should know

And remember, white always moves first!

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