CHESS

PRESENTED BY: JUVELYN DAMUAG

HISTORY:
 The history of chess can be traced back nearly 1500
years to its earliest known predecessor, called
chaturanga, in India; its prehistory is the subject of
speculation.
 From India it spread to Persia. Following the Arab
invasion and conquest of Persia, chess was taken up by
the Muslim world and subsequently spread to southern
Europe. The game evolved roughly into its current form
by about 1500 CE.
 Chess spread directly from the Middle East to Russia,
where chess became known as шахматы (shakhmaty,
literally "checkmates", a plurale tantum).
HISTORY:
 it had survived a series of prohibitions and Christian
Church sanctions to almost take the shape of the modern
game.
 Modern history saw reliable reference works,
competitive chess tournaments, and exciting new
variants. These factors added to the game's popularity,
further bolstered by reliable timing mechanisms (first
introduced in 1861), effective rules, and charismatic
players.
HISTORY:
 Organized chess arose in the 19th century.
 Chess competition today is governed internationally by
FIDE (International Chess Federation).
 The first universally recognized World Chess Champion,
Wilhelm Steinitz, claimed his title in 1886; Magnus
Carlsen is the current World Champion.
 A huge body of chess theory has developed since the
game's inception. Aspects of art are found in chess
composition; and chess in its turn influenced Western
culture and art and has connections with other fields
such as mathematics, computer science, and
psychology.
HISTORY:
 One of the goals of early computer scientists was to
create a chess-playing machine.
 In 1997, Deep Blue became the first computer to beat
the reigning World Champion in a match when it
defeated Garry Kasparov.
 Though not flawless, today's chess engines are
significantly stronger than even the best human players,
and have deeply influenced the development of chess
theory.
o Chess is a board game played between
two players.
o Itis sometimes called Western chess,
or international chess to distinguish it
from related games such as xiangqi.
o The current form of the game emerged
in Southern Europe during the second
half of the 15th century after evolving
from similar, much older games of
Indian and Persian origin. Today, chess
is one of the world's most popular
games, played by millions of people
worldwide.
 OBJECTIVE :
o Chess is an abstract strategy game and
involves no hidden information.
o It is played on a square chessboard with 64
squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid.
At the start, each player (one controlling the
white pieces, the other controlling the black
pieces) controls sixteen pieces: one king, one
queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops,
and eight pawns.
o The object of the game is to checkmate the
opponent's king, whereby the king is under
immediate attack (in "check") and there is no
way for it to escape. There are also several
ways a game can end in a draw.
 RULES :
o Chess pieces are divided into two different
colored sets. While the sets may not be
literally white and black (e.g. the light set
may be a yellowish or off-white color, the
dark set may be brown or red), they are
always referred to as "white" and
"black".
o The players of the sets are referred to as
White and Black, respectively. Each set
consists of 16 pieces: one king, one queen,
two rooks, two bishops, two knights, and
eight pawns. Chess sets come in a wide
variety of styles; for competition, the
Staunton pattern is preferred.
 RULES :
o The game is played on
a square board of eight
rows (called ranks) and
eight columns (called
files).
o on White's first rank,
from left to right, the
pieces are placed in the
following order: rook,
knight, bishop, queen,
king, bishop, knight,
rook.
 RULES :
o On the second rank is
placed a row of eight
pawns.
o Black's position mirrors
White's, with an
equivalent piece on the
same file.
o The correct positions of
the king and queen may
be remembered by the
phrase "queen on her
own color" ─ i.e. the
white queen begins on a
light square; the black
queen on a dark square.
 MOVEMENTS:
o In competitive games,
the piece colors are
allocated to players by
the organizers;
o in informal games, the
colors are usually
decided randomly, for
example by a coin toss,
or by one player
concealing a white pawn
in one hand and a black
pawn in the other, and
having the opponent
choose.
 MOVEMENTS:
o White moves first, after
which players alternate
turns, moving one piece
per turn.
o A piece is moved to
either an unoccupied
square or one occupied
by an opponent's piece,
which is captured and
removed from play.
o Moving is compulsory;
a player may not skip a
turn, even when having
to move is detrimental.
 MOVEMENTS:
o Each piece has its own
way of moving. In the
diagrams, the dots mark
the squares to which the
piece can move if there
are no intervening
piece(s) of either color
(except the knight, which
leaps over any
intervening pieces).
 MOVEMENTS:
o All pieces except the
pawn can capture an
enemy piece if it is
located on a square to
which they would be
able to move if the
square was unoccupied.
The squares on which
pawns can capture
enemy pieces are marked
in the diagram with black
crosses.
KING MOVEMENT
 The king moves one square
in any direction. There is also
a special move called
castling that involves
moving the king and a rook.
The king is the most valuable
piece — attacks on the king
must be immediately
countered, and if this is
impossible, immediate loss
of the game ensues.
 https://www.youtube.com/wa
tch?v=FcLYgXCkucc
ROOK MOVEMENT
o A rook can move any
number of squares along
a rank or file, but cannot
leap over other pieces.
Along with the king, a
rook is involved during
the king's castling move.
BISHOP MOVEMENT

o A bishop can move any

number of squares
diagonally, but cannot
leap over other pieces.
QUEEN MOVEMENT

o A queen combines the

power of a rook and
bishop and can move any
number of squares along
a rank, file, or diagonal,
but cannot leap over other
pieces.
KNIGHT MOVEMENT
o A knight moves to any of
the closest squares that are
not on the same rank, file,
or diagonal. (Thus the
move forms an "L"-shape:
two squares vertically and
one square horizontally, or
two squares horizontally
and one square vertically.)
The knight is the only
piece that can leap over
other pieces.
PAWN MOVEMENT
o A pawn can move forward to the
unoccupied square immediately in
front of it on the same file, or on
its first move it can advance two
squares along the same file,
provided both squares are
unoccupied (black dots in the
diagram). A pawn can capture an
opponent's piece on a square
diagonally in front of it by moving
to that square (black crosses). A
pawn has two special moves: the
en passant capture and promotion.
o En passant https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_KRIH0wnh
E
o Promotion https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tt8VTZFPF
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THANK YOU!!!!