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ML-session 01-Introduction to Machine Learning

Subset of AI

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raymondtungaraza20
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16 views

ML-session 01-Introduction to Machine Learning

Subset of AI

Uploaded by

raymondtungaraza20
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Course Title: Machine Learning

Course Code: DSU07320

Lecturer: Eliah kazumali


Email: eliah.mwandambo@eastc.ac.tz
Eastern Africa Statistical Training Centre

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Learning Resources:
1. Geron, A. (2017). Hands-On Machine Learning with
Scikit-Learn & Tensorflow O’Reilly Media, Inc.
O’Reilly Media, Inc, 1005, 564.
2. Russell, R. (2020). Machine Learning: Step-by-Step
Guide To Implement Machine Learning Algorithms
with Python. (Knxb)
3. Marsland, S. (2011). Machine learning: an algorithmic
perspective. Chapman and Hall/CRC.

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Method of Assessment:
▪ Test 10%
▪ Assignment 10%
▪ Practicals 20%
▪ S/Exam (Practical +theory) 60%

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Introduction to Machine
Learning
What is Machine Learning?

❖ Machine Learning is the field of study


that gives computers the ability to learn
without being explicitly programmed.

❖ Just like human being, ML enables


computers learn how to do a given task
without being programmed to do so.
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❖ Machine learning is a subset of AI that
deals with the development of
algorithms and models that enable
computers to learn from data and
make predictions or decisions without
being explicitly programmed.

❖ ML focuses on learning from data


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❖ Say you need the computer that can
tell the difference between picture of a
dog and a picture of a cat, you could
begin by feeding its images and telling
it this is a dog and that is a cat.

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Examples of Machine Learning Programs

▪ Spam filter (Detect unsolicited, unwanted


and virus-infected emails and prevent
those messages from getting to a user's
inbox)

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▪ Image recognition
(like plate number recognition, facial
recognition!)
▪ Text to speech/speech to text

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▪ Google search (results based on your
personal interests)
▪ Viewing recommendations/
recommending next video to watch

▪ Find ONE more ML program

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Why Use Machine Learning?
Consider how you would write a spam filter
using traditional programming techniques
1. First you would look at what spam typically
looks like. You might notice that some words
or phrases (such as “4U,” “credit card,”
“free,” and “amazing”) tend to come up a
lot in the subject.

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2. You would write a detection algorithm for
each of the patterns that you noticed, and
your program would flag emails as spam if a
number of these patterns are detected.
3. You would test your program, and repeat
steps 1 and 2 until it is good enough.

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The traditional approach

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Machine Learning approach
❖In contrast, a spam
filter based on
Machine Learning
techniques
automatically learns
which words and
phrases are good
predictors of spam by
detecting unusually
frequent patterns of
words in the spam
examples compared
to the ham examples
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ML approach offers;
❖ Shorter program ( the traditional
requires many long lists of rules)
❖ Easier maintenance of the program,
❖ More accurate
❖ Flexible

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Flexibility in ML
❖ Example, if spammers notice that all their emails
containing “4U” are blocked, they might start writing “For
U” instead. A spam filter using traditional programming
techniques would need to be updated to flag “For U”
emails. If spammers keep working around your spam filter,
you will need to keep writing new rules forever.

❖ In contrast, a spam filter based on ML techniques


automatically notices that “For U” has become unusually
frequent in spam flagged by users, and it starts flagging
them without your intervention.
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When should you use machine learning?

❖ When you have a problem that requires many


long lists of rules to find the solution.
❖ Very complex problems (or have no known
algorithm) for which there is no solution with a
traditional approach.
❖ Non-stable environments’: machine-learning
software can adapt to new data.

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Assignment 1
ML is one of AI subset. Briefly explain
another subset of AI and highlight how
it differs from ML."

(Submission next session

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