KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN, CHENNAI REGION

HALF YEARLY EXAMINATION 2024-25

Class-XI Sub: Chemistry (Theory)
Max. Marks: 70 Time: 3 hours
______________________________________________________________________________
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
Read the following instructions carefully.
(a) There are 33 questions in this question paper with internal choice.
(b) SECTION A consists of 16 multiple-choice questions carrying 1 mark each.
(c) SECTION B consists of 5 short answer questions carrying 2 marks each.
(d) SECTION C consists of 7 short answer questions carrying 3 marks each.
(e) SECTION D consists of 2 case-based questions carrying 4 marks each.
(f) SECTION E consists of 3 long answer questions carrying 5 marks each.
(g) All questions are compulsory.
(h) Use of log tables and calculators is not allowed.

SECTION A
The following questions are multiple-choice questions with one correct answer. Each question
carries 1 mark. There is no internal choice in this section.

1. Which among the following has highest number of atoms?

(a) 1 g of N2 (b) 1 g of Ca
(c) 1 g of Ar (d) 1 g of Fe
[Atomic mass of N = 14 u, Ca = 40 u, Ar = 39.9 u, Fe = 56 u]

2. The molarity of NaOH in the solution prepared by dissolving 4g of it in enough water to form
250 ml of solution is
(a) 0.2 M (b) 0.1 M
(c) 0.4 M (d) 0.8 M
[Molar mass of NaOH = 40 g mol-1]

3. Maximum number of unpaired electrons in Chromium (Z=24) are

(a) 4 (b) 5
(c) 6 (d) 7

4. The orbital with n=4 and l= 3 is

(a) 4s (b) 4p
(c) 4d (d) 4f

5. Acidity of BF3 can be explained on the basis of which of the following concepts?
(a) Arrhenius concept (b) Bronsted Lowry concept
(c) Lewis concept (d) Bronsted Lowry as well as Lewis concept.

6. The general electronic configuration of the outermost shells of d-block elements is

(a) (n-1) d1-10ns1-2 (b) (n-1) d1-10ns1 (c) (n-1) d1-9ns2 (d) (n-1) d1-10ns2

7. In the modern periodic table, the period number indicates the value of:
(a) atomic number (b) atomic mass
(c) highest principal quantum number (d) azimuthal quantum number.
8. The bond order of O2+ is
(a) 1 (b) 1.5
(c) 2 (d) 2.5

9. The bond angles of NH3 and H2O molecules respectively are

(a) 109.5º and 104º (b) 107º and 104.5º
(c) 104º and 107.5º (d) 120º and 110º

10. In a process, 701 J of heat is absorbed by a system and 394 J of work is done by the system.
What is the change in internal energy for the process?
(a) +307 J (b) 701 J
(c) 0 J (d) -307 J

11. The correct order of entropy of the substance in different states is

(a) solid >liquid > gas (b) solid <liquid < gas
(c) gas > solid > liquid (d) solid >gas> liquid

12. The enthalpies of all elements in their standard states are:

(a) unity (b) zero
(c) < 0 (d) different for each element

13. In the following question, a statement of assertion followed by statement of a reason is given.
Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.

Assertion (A): Combustion of all organic compounds is an exothermic reaction.

Reason (R): The enthalpies of all elements in their standard state are zero.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true

14. In the following question, a statement of assertion followed by statement of a reason is given.
Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.

Assertion (A): A solution containing a mixture of acetic acid and sodium acetate maintains a
constant value of pH on addition of small amounts of acid or alkali.
Reason (R): A solution containing a mixture of acetic acid and sodium acetate acts as a buffer
solution
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true

15. In the following question, a statement of assertion followed by statement of a reason is given.
Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.

Assertion (A): Generally, ionization enthalpy increases from left to right in a period.
Reason (R): As we move from left to right, effective nuclear attraction decreases.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
16. In the following question, a statement of assertion followed by statement of a reason is given.
Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.

Assertion: In the triatomic CO2 (carbon dioxide) molecule, the dipole moment is zero
Reason: The dipole moment of C=O in CO2 bond on one side of the molecule gets cancelled by that
on the other side of the molecule.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true

SECTION B
This section contains 5 questions with internal choice in one question. The following questions
are very short answer type and carry 2 marks each.

17. (a) Write Hess’ law of constant heat summation

(b) Given N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g) ΔrH0 = -92.4 kJ mol-1.
What is the enthalpy of formation of NH3 gas?
(OR)
17. For the reaction 2Cl(g)  Cl2(g) what are the signs of ΔH and ΔS?

18. Write (a) Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle (b) Aufbau Principle

19. Among the elements of the third period Na to Ar, pick out the element:
(i) with highest first ionization enthalpy (ii) with largest atomic radius
(iii) which is the most reactive non-metal (iv) which is the most reactive metal.

20. Calculate the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in 35Br80.

21. H2O and NH3 can act both as Bronsted acids and bases. For each case give corresponding
conjugate acid and base.
SECTION C
This section contains 7 questions with internal choice in one question. The following questions
are short answer type and carry 3 marks each.

22. (a) Write the law of conservation of mass.

(b) Which is the limiting reagent when 14 g of nitrogen reacts with 6 g of hydrogen to form
Ammonia as per the reaction N2 + 3H2  2NH3? (Atomic mass of N is 14 u and that of H is 1u)
(c) How are 0.5 mole NaOH and 0.5 M NaOH different? (Atomic mass of Na=23 u, O=16u ,H=1u)

23. Compute the molecular mass of C6H6 and the percentage composition of elements present in the
same (Atomic mass of C is 12u and that of H is 1u)
24. Write the shape of the following molecules using the VSEPR model:
BeCl2, BCl3, SiCl4, PCl5, H2S, PH3
(OR)
24. (a) Define hydrogen bond. (b) Is it weaker or stronger than the van der Waals’ forces?
(c)Name a compound which has hydrogen bond.
25. A compound contains 4.07% hydrogen, 24.27% carbon and 71.65% chlorine. Its molar mass is
98.96 g/mol. What are its empirical and molecular formulas? (Atomic mass of C=12u, Cl=35.5u,
H=1u)
26. Calculate the wavelength, frequency and wave number of a light wave whose period is
2.0 × 10–10s (speed of light wave = 3x108 m s-1)

27. During combustion of one mole benzene, H2O and CO2 are produced and 3267.0 kJ of heat is
liberated. Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation, ∆fH0 of benzene. Standard enthalpies of
formation of CO2(g) and H2O(l) are –393.5 kJ mol–1 and – 285.83 kJ mol –1 respectively.

28. (a) Write the expression for Kc for the reaction CaCO3(s)⇌ CaO(s) + CO2(g)
(b) What is Kc for the equilibrium : PCl5 ⇌ PCl3 + Cl2 if the equilibrium concentration of
[PCl3]=1.6 M, [Cl2]=1.4 M and [PCl5 ]=1.6 M.

SECTION D
The following questions are case-based questions. Each question has an internal choice and
carries 4 (2+1+1) marks each. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

29. The periodic table, also known as the periodic table of the elements, is an ordered arrangement of
the chemical elements into rows ("periods") and columns ("groups"). It is an icon of chemistry and is
widely used in physics and other sciences. It is a depiction of the periodic law, which states that
when the elements are arranged in order of their atomic numbers an approximate recurrence of their
properties is evident. The table is divided into four rough rectangular areas called blocks. Elements
in the same group tend to show similar chemical characteristics. Vertical, horizontal and
diagonal trends characterize the periodic table. Metallic character increases going down a group and
from right to left across a period. Non-metallic character increases going from the bottom left of the
periodic table to the top right.

(a) Which is the most electronegative element in the periodic table?

(OR)
(a) Select the isoelectronic species from the following: N 2-, O2-, Na, Mg2+

(b) Why is cation smaller than its parent atom?

(c) Give the name of the element (i) which shows resemblance of alkali metals and halogens?
(ii) Write the IUPAC name of the element with Z = 102?

30. The pH scale is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. It ranges from 0 to 14, with 7
being considered neutral. A pH value below 7 indicates acidity, while a pH value above 7 indicates
alkaline nature. Solutions with a pH less than 7 are considered acidic. A pH of 7 is considered
neutral. Pure water has a pH of 7. Solutions with a pH greater than 7 are considered alkaline or basic.
Ka and Kb represent the strength of an acid and a base respectively.

Answer the following questions:

(i) The pH is given by the formula (1 mark)
(a) –log10[H+] (b) –log10[OH-]
(c) +log10[H+] (d) + log aH+

(ii) Write the relation between pH, pKw and pOH (1 mark)
(iii) The concentration of hydrogen ion in a sample of soft drink is 3.8×10–3 M. What is its pH?
(Given log 3.8 = 0.58) (2 marks)
(OR)
The pKa of acetic acid and pKb of NH4OH are 4.76 and 4.75 respectively. Calculate the pH of
ammonium acetate solution. (2 marks)
 SECTION E
The following questions are long answer types and carry 5 marks each. All questions have an
internal choice.
31. (a) Indicate the number of unpaired electrons in : (i) P, (ii) Si, (iii) Cu, (iv) Fe
(Atomic number of P=15, Si=14, Cu=29, Fe=26)
(b) Which series of lines of the hydrogen spectrum lies in the visible region?
(c) How many electrons will be present in the sub-shells having ms value of ½ for n = 4 ?
(d) Among 2s and 3s, which orbital will experience the larger effective nuclear charge?
(OR)
(a) State Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity
(b) Apply Hund’s rule to write the electronic configuration (box notation) of nitrogen.
(c) What are the frequency and wavelength of a photon emitted during a transition from n = 5 state to
the n = 2 state in the hydrogen atom?
(Given: h=6.626 x 10-34Js) (Speed of light wave = 3x108m s-1)

32. (a)Which out of NH3 and NF3 has higher dipole moment and why?
(b)Use molecular orbital theory to explain why the He2 molecule does not exist.
(c)What is the total number of sigma and pi bonds in the following molecules? (a) C 2H2 (b) C2H4
(OR)
(a) Define electronegativity. How does it differ from electron gain enthalpy?
(b) How do you express the bond strength in terms of bond order?
(c) Explain hybridisation in SF6 using Valence Bond Theory.

33. (i) For the reaction at 298 K:

2A + B  C ; ΔH = 400 kJ mol-1, ΔS = 0.2 kJ mol-1 K-1
At what temperature will the reaction become spontaneous considering ΔH and ΔS to be constant
over the temperature range?
(ii) State the first law of thermodynamics.
(iii) Give one point to differentiate the following thermodynamic terms:
(a) Extensive properties and intensive properties,
(b) Isothermal process and isobaric process.
(OR)
(i) Derive the mathematical expression for the first law of thermodynamics.
(ii) q and w are not state functions, but their sum is a state function. Why?
(iii) Calculate the ΔrH° for the reaction:
H2(g) + Br2(g)  2HBr(g)
Bond enthalpy are given as,
H—H = 436 kJ mol–1,
Br—Br = 192 kJ mol–1 and
H—Br = 368 kJ mol–1