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Physics Class Notes: Mechanics

Date: December 28, 2024 Instructor: Mr. Verma

Introduction to Mechanics

Definition: Mechanics is the branch of physics that deals with the motion of objects and the forces that cause this motion.
Importance: It forms the foundation for understanding how objects move and interact, applicable in everyday life and various fields such as eng

Kinematics

Definition: The study of motion without considering the forces that cause it.
Key Concepts:
Displacement: The change in position of an object, a vector quantity.
Velocity: The rate of change of displacement, a vector quantity.
Acceleration: The rate of change of velocity, a vector quantity.

Equations of Motion:
��� = ��� + ������
1 2
��� = ������ + ������
2
2 2
��� = ��� + 2������ Where ��� is the initial velocity, ��� is the final velocity, ��� is the acceleration, ���
is the time, and ��� is the displacement.

Dynamics

Definition: The study of motion and the forces that cause it.
Newton's Laws of Motion:
1. First Law (Law of Inertia): An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force
2. Second Law (Law of Acceleration): The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proporti
��� = ������.
3. Third Law (Action-Reaction Law): For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Work, Energy, and Power

Work: The product of the force applied to an object and the displacement in the direction of the force. ��� = ��� ⋅ ��� ⋅ cos⁡(���).
Energy: The capacity to do work.
1 2
Kinetic Energy (KE): The energy of motion. ������ = 2 ������ .
Potential Energy (PE): The energy stored due to an object's position. ������ = ������ℎ.
���
Power: The rate at which work is done. ��� = .
���

Momentum

Definition: The product of an object's mass and velocity. A vector quantity.


Conservation of Momentum: In a closed system, the total momentum before and after a collision is conserved. ��� = ������.
Types of Collisions:
Elastic Collision: Both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.
Inelastic Collision: Momentum is conserved, but kinetic energy is not.

Circular Motion

Centripetal Force: The force that keeps an object moving in a circular path, directed towards the center of the circle.
2
������
������ = ���
.
2
���
Centripetal Acceleration: The acceleration directed towards the center of a circular path. ������ = .
���

Summary

Mechanics involves the study of motion and the forces that cause it.
Key areas include kinematics, dynamics, work, energy, power, momentum, and circular motion.
Understanding these concepts is essential for analyzing and predicting the behavior of objects in motion.

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