Plumbing

Fixtures
Plumbing
Plumbing Fixtures
BUILD ING UT ILIT IES 1

Fixtures
Presented by:
Plumbing
Belamide, Kyle E. Blando, Cedric F. Casimiro, Justin Ryan T.
 Plumbing Fixtures
Plumbing Fixtures
Plumbing Fixtures
• a receptacle other than a trap attached to a plumbing system in which
water or wastes may be collected or retained for ultimate discharge into
the plumbing system.

Plumbing Fixtures
• Fixtures are part of the plumbing system, and the primary function of the
plumbing system is to move water from one part of the home to another.
• is an exchangeable device which can be connected to a plumbing system

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to deliver and drain water.

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 W
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hat are the common plumbing fixtures?

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Bidet Shower Bathtub Drainage Channel Drinking Fountain

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A bidet is a A shower is a A bathtub, The drainage A drinking fountain,
bowl or place in also known channel, or channel also called a water
receptacle which a simply as a body, is the long, fountain or water
designed to be person bath or tub, is narrow halfpipe- bubbler, is a fountain
sat upon in bathes under a container for shaped lengths designed to provide

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order to wash a spray of holding water that get embedded drinking water. It
a person's typically in which a in the ground to consists of a basin
genitalia, warm or hot person or collect and with either
perineum, water. another discharge surface continuously running
inner buttocks, animal may water from a water or a tap.
and anus. bathe. catchment area.
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W hat are the common plumbing fixtures?
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Sinks Tap (Valve) Urinals Toilet

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A sink is a A sink is a bowl- A urinal is a sanitary A toilet is a piece of
bowl-shaped shaped plumbing fixture for sanitary hardware that
plumbing plumbing urination only. Urinals collects human urine
fixture for fixture for are often provided in and feces, and
washing washing hands public toilets for male sometimes toilet paper,

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hands dishwashing, users usually for disposal.
dishwashing, and other
and other purposes.
purposes.
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What are the common plumbing
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fixtures?

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A flush toilet (also known as a flushing toilet,

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water closet (WC); see also toilet names) is a
toilet that disposes of human waste
(principally urine and feces) by using the force
of water to channel it through a drainpipe to
another location for treatment, either nearby

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or at a communal facility.
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aterials (General Requirements)

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Quality of Fixtures - plumbing fixtures shall be manufactured of
dense, durable, non-absorbent materials and must have smooth~

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impervious surfaces, free from unnecessary concealed fouling
surfaces. Except as permitted elsewhere in this Code. all fixtures
shall conform in quality and design to nationally recognized
applicable standards or to other approved standards acceptable

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to the Administrative Authority. All porcelain enamel surfaces on
plumbing fixtures shall be acid resistant (for the convenience of
users of this Code, a list of generally accepted Plumbing Fixtures
is included in Table 14-4 Plumbing Material Referenced

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Standards.)
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aterials (General Requirements)

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Water closet bowls for public use shall be the elongated
bowl types equipped with open-front seats. Water closet
seats shall be of smooth nonabsorbent material and properly

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sized for the water closet bowl used

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aterials (Alternatives)

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Special-use f ixtures may be made of soapstone) chemical
stoneware or may be lined with lead, copper base alloy,
nickel-copper alloy, corrosion-resisting steel or other

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materials specially suited for the use which the f ix ture is
intended.

Restaurant kitchen and other special-use sinks may be made

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of approved-type bonderized and galvanized sheet steel of
not less than Gauge No. 16 U.S. B&S or 1.6 mm thick. All
sheet metal plumbing f ixtures shall be adequately designed,
c o nst ruc t e d and brac e d i n an appro v e d manne r to

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satisfactorily accomplish the intended purposes.
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verflows

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When any f ix ture is provided with an overf lo w outlet, .the
waste shall be so arranged that the standing water inside the
f ixture cannot rise inside the overf low way when the stopper

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is closed nor remain inside the overf lo w way when the
f ix ture is empty. The overf lo w pipe from a f ix ture shall be
connected to the house or inlet side of the fixture trap. Water
Closet or Urinal f lush tanks shall discharge into the bowls or

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wares served by them, but it shall be unlawful to connect
such overflows with any other part of the drainage system.

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etails

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The latest concept in the design of plumbing fixtures is to fit
people rather than making people fit the fixture. The trend is to

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make the plumbing fixture an integral part of the room
decorations.

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•
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Plumbing fixtures comes in varieties of style and accessories
designed to match the room for cosmetic reasons
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ater Closet

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Water Closet is a plumbing f ixture used to convey organic
body waste to the plumbing system.

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With respect to design, water closet comes in various types,
they are:

• The Pail Flush type

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• The Squat type
• Wash Down type
• The Reverse type
• The Siphon Jet

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• The Siphon Vortex
• Direct Flush Valve type
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esigns (Water Closet)

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Pail Flush type - a water closet comprising only of a bowl
without a flush tank. Flushing action is obtained only through
water poured from a pail or bucket. This is used in areas where

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running water systems are not available.

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esigns (Water Closet)

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esigns (Water Closet)

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The Squat type - is a toilet used by squatting, rather than
sitting. This means that the posture for defecation and for
female urination is to place one foot on each side of the toilet

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drain or hole and to squat over it.

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esigns (Water Closet)

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esigns (Water Closet)

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Wash Down type - uses the weight and the gravitational
current of the water to push waste from the toilet bowl into
the trapway.

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esigns (Water Closet)

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esigns (Water Closet)

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esigns (Water Closet)

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esigns (Water Closet)

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The Reverse type - discharges into a trapway at the rear of the bowl.
Most manufactures' models have a large exposed water surface,
thereby reducing fouling and staining of the bowl interior. The

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trapway is generally round, providing a more efficient flushing action.

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esigns (Water Closet)

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esigns (Water Closet)

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esigns (Water Closet)

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The siphon jet type - is similar to the reverse trap in that the
trapway also discharges to the rear of the bowl. All models must
have a large exposed water surface, leaving less interior China

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surface exposed to fouling or contamination.

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esigns (Water Closet)

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esigns (Water Closet)

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esigns (Water Closet)

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esigns (Water Closet)

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esigns (Water Closet)

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esigns (Water Closet)

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The Siphon Vortex type - this type of bowl develops its flushing
action through the water entering through diagonal holes
around the rim which creates a swirling action which forms a

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vortex in the center. It is considered to be the most quiet, most
efficient and most sanitary water closet.

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esigns (Water Closet)

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esigns (Water Closet)

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esigns (Water Closet)

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esigns (Water Closet)

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The Direct Flush Valve type – this type of water closet is
installed in places where water supply is sufficient and
pressurized. The DFV water closet eliminates the use of toilet

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water tank.

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uality (Water Closet)

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With respect to quality, water closet must possess the following
characteristics.

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1. Flush down quietly.
2. Flush down the liquid and waste properly.
3. Must function efficiently.
4. Must retain large amount of standing water surface area

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inside the bowl to prevent fouling and contamination.

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hapes (Water Closet)

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With respect to shape, water closets are classified into
two types.

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1. Round Type - intended for small or limited spaces

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hapes (Water Closet)

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2. Elongated Type – more comfortable but requires
more space. It is also easier to maintain and more
sanitary.

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lumbing Design and Estimation (Water

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Closet)
Table 15-1: Minimum Requirements for Water Closet
Types of Building or Minimum Number of Water Kind and Number of Persons
Occupancy Closet Required or Users

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Dwelling or Apartment 1 Family

School Elementary 1 Per 60 males

1 Per 35 females
Secondary 1 Per 100 males

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1 Per 45 females
Office or Public Building 1 For 1 to 20 persons
2 For 21 to 40 persons
3 For 41 to 60 persons
4 For 61 to 80 persons

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5 For 81 to 100 persons
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lumbing Design and Estimation

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Table 15-1: Minimum Requirements for Water Closet
Types of Building or
Occupancy
Minimum Number of Water
Closet Required
Kind and Number of Persons
or Users

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Theaters and Auditorium 1 For 1 to 100 male & female
2 For 101 to 200 male &
3 female
1 For 201 to 400 male &
female

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Per additional 500 male &
300 female
Dormitories 1 Per 10 males
1 Per 8 females
1 Per additional 20 persons

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Industrial and Commercial 1 Per 1 to 10 persons
2 Per 11 to 25 persons
3 Per 26 to 50 persons
4 Per 51 to 75 persons
5 Per 76 to 100 persons
1 Per additional 40 persons in
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avatories

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Lavatory is bowl or basin used for washing face and hands. The
basin of a lavatory may be of the following form:

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Circle Square Oval Rectangular

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avatories

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Lavatory is bowl or basin used for washing face and hands. The
basin of a lavatory may be of the following form:

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Fixtures Trapezoid Triangular

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avatories

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Lavatory is bowl or basin used for washing face and hands. The
basin of a lavatory may be of the following form:

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Fixtures Trapezoid Triangular

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avatories

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In respect to material, it varies from:

1. Porcelain 3. Enameled cast iron

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2. Formed Steel 4. Under counter lavatory

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avatories

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avatories

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athtub

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Bathtub which are large enough to accommodate
couple bathing together are flooding the market. Even
the traditional one person bathtub is equipped with

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seats, shelves for soap and shampoo not to mention the
non skid safety surfaces which had never been offered
before.

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The size of the tub, its form, and design had been greatly
improved, including the color to suit the taste of the
users.

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athtub

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athtub

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idet

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Bidet is much more closely related to a shower than to a toilet although
it appears more likely as a toilet bowl. Bidet is designed for cleaning the
most precious, delicate, and well-guarded parts of the female body –

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The ultimate in personal hygiene.

Bidet also serve as a foot bath or for any function that a lower set of
bowl might perform. It is connected to a water supply and drain

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installation in the same manner as a bathtub or shower stall.

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B
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idet

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Bidet have some of the most innovative features like:

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1. Heated seats
2. Adjustable water temperature
3. Heated air dryer
4. Deodorizer

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5. Automatic lids
6. Different wash modes and water pressure

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B
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idet

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idet

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rinal

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Urinal is a sanitary plumbing fixture for urination only. Urinals are often
provided in public toilets for male users in Western countries (less so
in Muslim countries). They are usually used in a standing position.

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Urinals can be with manual flushing, automatic flushing, or without
flushing, as is the case for waterless urinals. They can be arranged as
single sanitary fixtures (with or without privacy walls) or in a trough
design without privacy walls.

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Features such as:

1. Manual Flushing 3. Without Flushing

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2. Automatic Flushing
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rinal

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In respect to shape, urinals come in:

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Bowl-shaped Flat-bottomed Contoured Shapes

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rinal

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Material-wise, urinals are commonly made out of:

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Porcelain Stainless Steel
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rinal

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rinal

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rinal

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rinal

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Table 15-2 Minimum requirements for Urinals
Type of Building or
Occupancy
Minimum Urinal
Required
Kind and Number of
Persons or Users

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School
Elementary 1 Per 30 males
Secondary 1 Per 30 males
Office Building 1 Per 40 persons

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Dormitory 1 Per 25 persons
1 Per 50 persons in excess
of 150
Theaters and Auditorium 1 For 1-200 persons
2 For 201-400 persons

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3 For 401-600 persons
1 For 300 persons in
excess of 600
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itchen Sink

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Kitchen Sink is a bowl-shaped, heavy-duty plumbing fixture
that is generally used for washing utensils, cleaning hands,
and other purposes. It can have single or multiple faucets
that supply water (cold/hot) for washing.

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Kitchen sink are made from either:

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enamelPlumbing
Cast iron Formed steel
coated with
porcelain enamel
Stainless
steel
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itchen Sink

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Kitchen sink configurations are:

1. Single, double, corner sink, or triple well

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itchen Sink

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2. Shadow or deep well

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itchen Sink

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Shapes of kitchen sinks:

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Squar
e
Rectangul
ar
Circular/Oblong
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nstallation

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A proper installation acts as the first line of defense against leaks,
water damage, and the subsequent costly repairs that can arise
from a job not done correctly.

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It’s about more than just connecting pipes and tightening bolts; it’s
about ensuring that each component works harmoniously within
your home’s plumbing system.

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A well-installed fixture can significantly enhance your home’s water
efficiency. With the right techniques and tools, fixtures can be
optimized to reduce water wastage, thereby contributing to

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environmental conservation and reducing your utility bills.
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nstallation

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Preparing the Installation Site

Before starting off the process, ensure that the area of installation

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is ready. The water supply must be turned off to avoid leaks or spills,
and all the materials needed should be of arms’ reach.

For Faucets:

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Installing a new faucet starts with removing the old one, which
involves disconnecting the water supply lines and unscrewing the
mounting nuts.

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Once removed, clean the area to ensure a good seal before
placing the new faucet. Apply plumber’s tape to the threads of the
water supply lines before connecting them to the new faucet for a
leak-free connection. Tighten everything securely, turn the water
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nstallation

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For toilets:
Replacing a toilet begins with draining the old one and
disconnecting the water supply. Remove the bolts and gently rock

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the toilet to break the seal with the floor.

Once removed, clean the flange area on the floor before setting
the new toilet in place. Secure it with bolts, attach the water

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supply, and apply a bead of silicone around the base for a neat
finish. Again, check for leaks once the water is back on.

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For urinals:

Ensure that the drain pipe is properly positioned according to the

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urinal’s specifications.

Next, Mount the Urinal. Secure the mounting brackets to the wall
at a standard height. Attach the urinal to the wall brackets. After

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attaching, connect the Drain Pipe. Fit the urinal’s drain outlet to
the existing drain pipe. Use plumber’s tape on the threads to
prevent leaks.

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Tighten the connection with a wrench. Lastly, turn on the water
supply and check for any leaks around the connections.
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nstallation

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For bidets:
Install a T-valve on the existing water supply line under the toilet
to accommodate the bidet. Attach the Bidet.

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Typically, the bidet will have a mounting bracket or bolts. Connect
the bidet to the T-valve. Use plumber’s tape on all threaded
connections to prevent leaks. Turn on the water supply and check

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for any leaks. Ensure the bidet functions correctly and is securely
attached.

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For sinks:
Install the sink’s mounting brackets or clips. Ensure that the drain
hole is aligned with the existing plumbing. Attach the faucet to

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the sink. Attach the drain assembly to the sink’s drain hole.

Use plumber’s tape to ensure a tight seal. Connect the drain

assembly to the existing drain pipe under the sink. Ensure all

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connections are tight. Connect the water supply lines to the
faucet.

Tighten the connections with a wrench. Turn on the water supply

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and check for leaks. Ensure that both hot and cold water are
functioning properly.
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nstallation

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For Showers:
Start by unscrewing the old showerhead from the shower arm. Clean the
threads on the arm, apply plumber’s tape, and screw on the new
showerhead.

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Check for Leaks

Turn on the water supply and check all connections for leaks. Tighten any

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fittings as necessary. Ensure that the fixture operates correctly (e.g., the
faucet flows properly, the toilet flushes).

Seal and Finish

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Apply silicone caulk around the edges of the sink or toilet if needed to
prevent water from seeping under the fixture. Clean up any debris and
ensure the area is dry.
End.