Self[1]

KANHA MAKHAN PUBLIC SCHOOL
Session: - 2022-2023
English Project Report
On
Topic: Importance of Introspection
SUBMITTED TO: - SUBMITTED BY: -

Mr. Rajesh Gupta Name: Priyanshu Upadhyay
Class: 12th A5
Roll No.:
CERTIFICATE
This is hereby to certify that, the original and
genuine investigation work has been carried out to
investigate about the subject matter and the related
data collection and investigation has been
completed solely, sincerely and satisfactorily done
by, Priyanshu Upadhyay a student of class 12th A5
under the Roll no: _____ for the academic session
2022-2023, regarding the investigatory project
entitled "Preparation of Soybean Milk and its
comparison with the natural milk with respect to curd
formation, effects of temperature etc."
For English Department under direct supervision of
the undersigned as per the requirement for the
Board Examination.
Internal Examiner External Examiner

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to extend my sincere and heartfelt
gratitude to my accounts teacher Mr. Rajesh Gupta
who has helped me in this endeavor and has always
been very cooperative and without his/her help,
cooperation, guidance and encouragement, the
project couldn't have been what it evolved to be.
I extend my heartfelt thanks to my faculty for their
guidance and constant supervision, as well as, for
providing me the necessary information regarding
the project.
I am also thankful to my parents for their
cooperation and encouragement.
At last but not least, gratitude to all my friends who
helped me (directly or indirectly) to complete this
project within a limited time frame.
Priyanshu Upadhyay
12th A5 Science
Index
 Introduction
 Self-Reflection
 Self-Rumination
 How to Do Introspection
 Importance of Doing
Introspection
 Bibliography
Introduction
The term introspection can be used to describe both
an informal reflection process and a more formalized
experimental approach that was used early on in
psychology's history.
The first meaning is the one that most people are

probably the most familiar with,
which involves informally
examining our own internal
thoughts and feelings. When we
reflect on our thoughts, emotions,
and memories and examine what
they mean, we are engaged in
introspection.
Figure a: Wilhelm Wundt
The term introspection is also used to describe a

research technique that was first developed by
psychologist Wilhelm Wundt. Also known
as experimental self-observation, Wundt's technique
involved training people to carefully and objectively
as possible to analyze the content of their own
thoughts. An example of introspection is when you
meditate to try to understand your feelings.
Psychologists differentiate between two types of
introspection: self-reflection and self-rumination and
they are explained below: -
Self-Reflection
Self-reflection is a process of communicating
internally with oneself. When one takes time to think
about their character or behavior, they analyze the
reasons that caused the behavior, where this comes
from, what the outcome of the behavior means to
them, is it effective for them and what they can do
about it. Individuals process this information about
themselves to help them find methods to deal with
the information gained during the self-reflection
process and applying this information to future
behavior has been shown to elicit strength and
joy.[9] Self-reflection helps people in multiple ways.
First, self-reflection fortifies an individual’s emotional
stability. When setting aside some effort to self-
reflect they are looking inwards. This assists with
building two parts to their emotional intelligence:
self-awareness and self-concept. Self-
awareness enables a person to comprehend their
feelings, qualities, shortcomings, drives, and
objectives, and recognize their effect on others. Self-
concept includes the capacity to control or divert
their troublesome feelings and motivations and
adjust to changing circumstances. Building these
skills will improve both their personal and
professional life. Second, self-reflection enhances a
person’s self-esteem and gives transparency
for decision-making. Self-esteem is significant for
dealing with a filled, complex life that incorporates
meetings, vocation, family, network, and self-
necessities. It helps in decision-making, effective
communication, and building influence. The more
they think about their qualities and how they can
grow them the more confident they will be later on.
A person may become happy with their good
qualities and identify the ones that require growth.
Third, the self-reflection process requires honesty of
the individual in order to be effective. When a person
is honest with themselves when self-reflecting, they
are able to understand their experiences, this person
can grow and makes changes based on what they
have learned and lead them to better
choices. Fourth, self-reflection adapts a person’s
actions in future situations. Making time to step back
and consider their behaviors, the consequences of
those behaviors, and the expectations of those
behaviors can give them a source of a clear insight
and learning. Finally, self-reflection may create a
positive mentality. An individual may try to keep
their ideas and thoughts positive; however, they
should be frank with themselves. They may view
negative outcomes that may lead to self-culpability,
or self-loathing—negative self-talk which may
obstruct their progress throughout their everyday
life.
Self-Rumination
Rumination is the focused attention on the
symptoms of one's distress, and on its possible
causes and consequences, as opposed to its
solutions, according to the Response Styles Theory.
However, Goal Progress Theory states, rumination is
conceptualized not as a reaction to a mood state, but
as a response to failure to progress satisfactorily
towards a goal.
Response styles theory (RST) initially defined
rumination as passively and repetitively focusing on
one's symptoms of depression and the possible
causes and consequences of these symptoms. As
evidence for this definition, rumination has been
implicated in the development, maintenance, and
aggravation of both depressive symptoms as well as
episodes of major depression. Recently, RST has
expanded the definition of rumination beyond
depression to include passive and repetitive focus on
the causes, consequences, and symptoms of one's
distress in general. This change was made because
rumination has been implicated in a host of
disorders, not just depression. RST also contends
that positive distraction is the healthy alternative to
rumination, where focus is directed to positive
stimuli instead of to distress. However, the literature
suggests that positive distraction may not be as
potent a tool as once thought.
Specifically, the S-REF model defines rumination as
"repetitive thoughts generated by attempts to cope
with self-discrepancy that are directed primarily
toward processing the content of self-
referent information and not toward immediate goal-
directed action." Put more simply, when a person
ruminates, he or she aims to answer questions such
as:
 How do I feel about this event?

 How can I change my thoughts and feelings
about the event?
 How can I prevent disturbing thoughts and
feelings in the future?
However, in answering these questions, ruminators
tend to focus on their emotions (i.e., "self-referent
information") as opposed to problem solving.
Extensive research on the effects of rumination, or
the tendency to self-reflect, shows that the negative
form of rumination interferes with people's ability to
focus on problem-solving and results in dwelling on
negative thoughts about past failures. Evidence from
studies suggests that the negative implications of
rumination are due to cognitive biases, such as
memory and attentional biases, which predispose
ruminators to selectively devote attention to
negative stimuli. People who are induced to ruminate
experience greater depressed mood. There is also
evidence that rumination is linked to general anxiety,
post-traumatic stress, binge drinking, eating
disorders, and self-injurious behavior.
How to Do Introspection
This exercise is simple, but that doesn’t mean it’s
easy. All you need to do is ask yourself some
questions. Ask yourself questions about yourself.
Write down the questions, then write down your
answers to the questions. Ask yourself about your
past, present, and future, and compose answers to
the questions that are positive, insightful, and
motivating to you.
Don’t worry about coming up with the “right”

answers—there aren’t any right answers, and your
answers will likely change over time. And be as
creative as you’d like with the questions and answers
since no one else needs to answer or read them but
you. Be sure to structure your questions to include
details about your hopes and dreams. The more
detailed your questions and answers, the more
opportunity you have to dig into some valuable self-
reflection.
Importance of Doing
Introspection
Researchers have shown that we think more than
50,000 thoughts per day, of which more than half
are negative and more than 90% are just repeats
from the day before. If you don’t make the time and
effort to refocus your mind on the positive through
introspection, you won’t give yourself the
opportunity to grow and develop.
Enhancing our ability to understand ourselves and

our motivations and to learn more about our own
values helps us take the power away from the
distractions of our modern, fast-paced lives and
instead refocus on fulfillment.
Introspection gives you access to understanding

yourself, self-reflection lets you process what you
learn, and insights are the answers you come up
with and that you can act upon. Through self-
awareness, you become less likely to veer off track
when difficult emotions surface. Being
introspective allows you to maintain close contact
with your Inner Guidance. Your Guidance is what
helps you distinguish right from wrong. When you
focus on looking inwards, you get the opportunity to
weigh your options. Inner-Guided decisions allow you
to sleep better at night. Introspection or examination
of personal values, meaning, and purpose creates
clarity. It enables leaders to focus on long-term
success, not simply fire-fighting. It helps us
navigate. Introspection is a gift in that it gives us
complete freedom to determine our own success
because we can choose to operate in our areas of
strength while acknowledging our weaknesses and
managing them. It helps you face your fears.
Whether it's rejection, failure or something else
entirely, introspection allows you to admit your fears
to yourself and eventually learn the best way to
handle them. This can be a trial-and-error process,
but simply recognizing what scares you is a great
starting point.
Bibliography
 www.google.com
 www.wikipedia.com
 https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-introspection-
2795252
 https://positivepsychology.com/introspection-self-reflection/

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KANHA MAKHAN PUBLIC SCHOOL

SUBMITTED TO: - SUBMITTED BY: -

Internal Examiner External Examiner

The first meaning is the one that most people are

The term introspection is also used to describe a

 How do I feel about this event?

Don’t worry about coming up with the “right”

Enhancing our ability to understand ourselves and

Introspection gives you access to understanding

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