II B.

tech I Semester R23 Python Programming Lab Manual

B.tech (Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada
LAB MANUAL
R23
PYTHON PROGRAMMING
II B.TECH – I SEMESTER
2024-25

Academic Year : 2024-25

Department for which Subject is taken : COMPUTER SCIENCE
AND ENGINEERING(AI&IT&DS)
Course Name : B.Tech
Student’s Batch : 2023-2027
Name of the Subject : PYTHON PROGRMMING
Regulation : R23
Course Code :
Faculty in-charge :Mr.N RAMBABU
VISION & MISSION OF COLLEGE
Vision:
• To be a recognized premier institution in engineering education,
research, and application
of knowledge to benefit society.
Mission:
• Impart technical knowledge at all levels to transform the engineers
capable to
address the challenges.
• Inculcate competencies for all-round development to meet industrial,
technical, and
leadership skills.
• Provide learner-centric ambiance with collaborations.
• Promote creativity, knowledge development, ethical
values, and
interpersonal skills.
Course Objectives:
The main objectives of the course are to
• Introduce core programming concepts of Python programming language.
• Demonstrate about Python data structures like Lists, Tuples, Sets
and dictionaries
• Implement Functions, Modules and Regular Expressions in Python
Programming and to create
Practical and contemporary applications using these

UNIT 1

1. Write a program to find the largest element among three Numbers.

2. Write a Program to display all prime numbers within an interval
3. Write a program to swap two numbers without using a temporary
variable.
4. Demonstrate the following Operators in Python with suitable
examples.
i) Arithmetic Operators
 ii) Relational Operators
iii) Assignment Operators
iv) Logical Operators
v) Bit wise Operators
vi) Ternary Operator
vii) Membership Operators
viii) Identity Operators
5. Write a program to add and multiply complex numbers
6. Write a program to print multiplication table of a given number.

UNIT 2

1. Write a program to define a function with multiple return values.

2. Write a program to define a function using default arguments.
3. Write a program to find the length of the string without using any
library functions.
4. Write a program to check if the substring is present in a given
string or not.
5. Write a program to perform the given operations on a list:
i. addition ii. Insertion iii. Slicing
6. Write a program to perform any 5 built-in functions by taking any
list.

UNIT-III

1. Write a program to create tuples (name, age, address, college) for

at least two members and
concatenate the tuples and print the concatenated tuples.
2. Write a program to count the number of vowels in a string (No
control flow allowed).
3. Write a program to check if a given key exists in a dictionary or
not.
4. Write a program to add a new key-value pair to an existing
dictionary.
5. Write a program to sum all the items in a given dictionary.
UNIT IV:

1. Write a program to sort words in a file and put them in another file.
The output file should have
only lower-case words, so any upper-case words from source must be
lowered.
2. Python program to print each line of a file in reverse order.
3. Python program to compute the number of characters, words and lines in
a file.
4. Write a program to create, display, append, insert and reverse the
order of the items in the array.
5. Write a program to add, transpose and multiply two matrices.
6. Write a Python program to create a class that represents a shape.
Include methods to calculate its
area and perimeter. Implement subclasses for different shapes like
circle, triangle, and square.

UNIT V

1. Python program to check whether a JSON string contains complex object

or not.
2. Python Program to demonstrate NumPy arrays creation using array ()
function.
3. Python program to demonstrate use of ndim, shape, size, dtype.
4. Python program to demonstrate basic slicing, integer and Boolean
indexing.
5. Python program to find min, max, sum, cumulative sum of array
6. Create a dictionary with at least five keys and each key represent
value as a list where this list
contains at least ten values and convert this dictionary as a pandas data
frame and explore the data
through the data frame as follows:
a) Apply head () function to the pandas data frame
b) Perform various data selection operations on Data Frame
7. Select any two columns from the above data frame, and observe the
change in one attribute with
respect to other attribute with scatter and plot operations in matplotlib

UNIT -1

1. Find the largest element among three numbers

# Program to find the largest element among three numbers
# Function to find the largest of three numbers
def find_largest(num1, num2, num3):
if num1 >= num2 and num1 >= num3:
return num1
elif num2 >= num1 and num2 >= num3:
return num2
else:
return num3
# Taking input from user
num1 = float(input("Enter first number: "))
num2 = float(input("Enter second number: "))
num3 = float(input("Enter third number: "))
# Output
largest = find_largest(num1, num2, num3)
print(f"The largest number among {num1}, {num2}, and {num3} is
{largest}.")
2. Display all prime numbers within an interval
# Program to display all prime numbers within an interval
# Function to check if a number is prime
def is_prime(num):
if num <= 1:
return False
for i in range(2, int(num ** 0.5) + 1):
if num % i == 0:
return False
return True

# Function to display prime numbers within an interval

def display_primes(start, end):
primes = []
for num in range(start, end + 1):
if is_prime(num):
primes.append(num)
return primes
# Taking input from user
start = int(input("Enter start of interval: "))
end = int(input("Enter end of interval: "))
# Output
primes = display_primes(start, end)
print(f"Prime numbers between {start} and {end} are: {primes}")
3. Swap two numbers without using a temporary variable
# Program to swap two numbers without using a temporary variable
# Function to swap two numbers
def swap_numbers(a, b):
a=a+b
b=a-b
a=a-b
return a, b
# Taking input from user
a = float(input("Enter first number: "))
b = float(input("Enter second number: "))
# Output
a, b = swap_numbers(a, b)
print(f"After swapping: a = {a}, b = {b}")
4. Demonstrate the following operators in Python with suitable examples
# i) Arithmetic Operators
# Arithmetic Operators
a = float(input("Enter first number for arithmetic operations: "))
b = float(input("Enter second number for arithmetic operations: "))
print("Addition:", a + b)
print("Subtraction:", a - b)
print("Multiplication:", a * b)
print("Division:", a / b)
print("Modulus:", a % b)
print("Exponentiation:", a ** b)
print("Floor Division:", a // b)
# ii) Relational Operators
# Relational Operators
a = float(input("Enter first number for relational operations: "))
b = float(input("Enter second number for relational operations: "))
print("a == b:", a == b)
print("a != b:", a != b)
print("a > b:", a > b)
print("a < b:", a < b)
print("a >= b:", a >= b)
print("a <= b:", a <= b)
# iii) Assignment Operators
# Assignment Operators
a = float(input("Enter a number for assignment operations: "))
b = float(input("Enter another number for assignment operations: "))
a += b
print("a += b:", a)
a -= b
print("a -= b:", a)
a *= b
print("a *= b:", a)
a /= b
print("a /= b:", a)
a %= b
print("a %= b:", a)
a **= b
print("a **= b:", a)
a //= b
print("a //= b:", a)
# iv) Logical Operators
# Logical Operators
a = bool(int(input("Enter 1 for True or 0 for False for logical
operations (a): ")))
b = bool(int(input("Enter 1 for True or 0 for False for logical
operations (b): ")))
print("a and b:", a and b)
print("a or b:", a or b)
print("not a:", not a)
# v) Bitwise Operators
# Bitwise Operators
a = int(input("Enter an integer for bitwise operations (a): "))
b = int(input("Enter another integer for bitwise operations (b): "))
print("a & b:", a & b)
print("a | b:", a | b)
print("a ^ b:", a ^ b)
print("~a:", ~a)
print("a << 2:", a << 2)
print("a >> 2:", a >> 2)
# vi) Ternary Operator
# Ternary Operator
a = float(input("Enter first number for ternary operation: "))
b = float(input("Enter second number for ternary operation: "))
result = "a is greater" if a > b else "b is greater"
print(result)
# vii) Membership Operators
# Membership Operators
a = input("Enter a list of numbers separated by space: ").split()
a = [int(i) for i in a]
b = int(input("Enter a number to check membership in the list: "))
c = int(input("Enter another number to check membership in the list: "))
print("b in a:", b in a)
print("c not in a:", c not in a)
# viii) Identity Operators
# Identity Operators
a = [1, 2, 3]
b=a
c = [1, 2, 3]
print("a is b:", a is b)
print("a is c:", a is c)
print("a == c:", a == c)
5. Add and multiply complex numbers
# Program to add and multiply complex numbers
# Taking input from user
real1 = float(input("Enter the real part of first complex number: "))
imag1 = float(input("Enter the imaginary part of first complex number:
"))
real2 = float(input("Enter the real part of second complex number: "))
imag2 = float(input("Enter the imaginary part of second complex number:
"))
c1 = complex(real1, imag1)
c2 = complex(real2, imag2)
# Addition
add = c1 + c2
# Multiplication
multiply = c1 * c2
# Output
print(f"Addition of {c1} and {c2} is {add}")
print(f"Multiplication of {c1} and {c2} is {multiply}")
6. Print multiplication table of a given number
# Program to print multiplication table of a given number
# Function to print multiplication table
def multiplication_table(n):
for i in range(1, 11):
print(f"{n} x {i} = {n * i}")
# Taking input from user
n = int(input("Enter a number to print its multiplication table: "))
# Output
multiplication_table(n)
UNIT – II
1. Define a function with multiple return values
# Program to define a function with multiple return values
# Function that returns multiple values
def calculate(a, b):
sum_ = a + b
diff = a - b
prod = a * b
quot = a / b if b != 0 else None
return sum_, diff, prod, quot
# Taking input from user
a = float(input("Enter first number: "))
b = float(input("Enter second number: "))
# Output
sum_, diff, prod, quot = calculate(a, b)
print(f"Sum: {sum_}, Difference: {diff}, Product: {prod}, Quotient:
{quot}")
2. Define a function using default arguments
# Program to define a function using default arguments
# Function with default arguments
def greet(name, greeting="Hello"):
return f"{greeting}, {name}!"
# Taking input from user
name = input("Enter your name: ")
greeting = input("Enter a greeting (optional): ")
# Output
if greeting:
print(greet(name, greeting))
else:
print(greet(name))
3. Find the length of the string without using any library functions
# Program to find the length of the string without using any library
functions
# Function to calculate length of string
def string_length(s):
length = 0
for char in s:
length += 1
return length
# Taking input from user
s = input("Enter a string: ")
# Output
length = string_length(s)
print(f"The length of the string '{s}' is {length}.")
4. Check if the substring is present in a given string or not
# Program to check if the substring is present in a given string or not
# Function to check if substring is present
def is_substring(main_string, sub_string):
return sub_string in main_string
# Taking input from user
main_string = input("Enter the main string: ")
sub_string = input("Enter the substring: ")
# Output
if is_substring(main_string, sub_string):
print(f"The substring '{sub_string}' is present in '{main_string}'.")
else:
print(f"The substring '{sub_string}' is not present in
'{main_string}'.")
5. Perform operations on a list: addition, insertion, slicing
# Program to perform operations on a list
# Function to perform operations on list
def list_operations(lst):
# Addition
lst.append(10)
# Insertion
lst.insert(1, 20)
# Slicing
sliced_list = lst[1:4]
return lst, sliced_list
# Taking input from user
lst = list(map(int, input("Enter a list of numbers separated by space:
").split())
# Output
updated_list, sliced_list = list_operations(lst)
print(f"Updated List: {updated_list}")
print(f"Sliced List: {sliced_list}")
6. Perform any 5 built-in functions by taking any list
# Program to perform any 5 built-in functions on a list
# Function to demonstrate built-in functions
def built_in_functions(lst):
length = len(lst)
max_val = max(lst)
min_val = min(lst)
sum_val = sum(lst)
sorted_list = sorted(lst)
return length, max_val, min_val, sum_val, sorted_list
# Taking input from user
lst = list(map(int, input("Enter a list of numbers separated by space:
").split()))
# Output
length, max_val, min_val, sum_val, sorted_list = built_in_functions(lst)
print(f"Length: {length}")
print(f"Max Value: {max_val}")
print(f"Min Value: {min_val}")
print(f"Sum: {sum_val}")
print(f"Sorted List: {sorted_list}")
UNIT -III
1. Create and concatenate tuples
# Program to create and concatenate tuples
# Creating tuples for two members
member1 = ("Alice", 21, "123 Maple Street", "XYZ College")
member2 = ("Bob", 22, "456 Oak Avenue", "ABC University")
# Concatenating tuples
concatenated_tuple = member1 + member2
# Output the concatenated tuple
print("Concatenated Tuple:", concatenated_tuple)
2. Count the number of vowels in a string (No control flow allowed)
# Program to count the number of vowels in a string (No control flow
allowed)
# Function to count vowels
def count_vowels(s):
return sum(s.count(vowel) for vowel in "aeiouAEIOU")
# Taking input from user
s = input("Enter a string: ")
# Output the number of vowels
print("Number of vowels:", count_vowels(s))
3. Check if a given key exists in a dictionary or not
# Program to check if a given key exists in a dictionary or not
# Function to check if key exists
def key_exists(d, key):
return key in d
# Taking input from user
d = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 21, 'address': '123 Maple Street'}
key = input("Enter a key to check: ")
# Output if the key exists or not
if key_exists(d, key):
 print(f"The key '{key}' exists in the dictionary.")
else:
print(f"The key '{key}' does not exist in the dictionary.")
4. Add a new key-value pair to an existing dictionary
# Program to add a new key-value pair to an existing dictionary
# Function to add key-value pair
def add_key_value(d, key, value):
d[key] = value
return d
# Taking input from user
d = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 21, 'address': '123 Maple Street'}
key = input("Enter a key to add: ")
value = input("Enter a value to add: ")
# Output the updated dictionary
updated_dict = add_key_value(d, key, value)
print("Updated Dictionary:", updated_dict)
5. Sum all the items in a given dictionary
# Program to sum all the items in a given dictionary
# Function to sum all values in the dictionary
def sum_dict_items(d):
return sum(d.values())
# Taking input from user
d = {'item1': 100, 'item2': 200, 'item3': 300}
# Output the sum of all items
total_sum = sum_dict_items(d)
print("Sum of all items:", total_sum)
UNIT IV

1: Sort words in a file and put them in another file

def sort_words(input_file, output_file):
with open(input_file, 'r') as file:
words = file.read().split()
# Convert words to lowercase and sort them
words = sorted([word.lower() for word in words])
with open(output_file, 'w') as file:
file.write("\n".join(words))
# Example usage:
input_file = 'input.txt'
output_file = 'output.txt'
sort_words(input_file, output_file)
print(f"Words sorted and saved to '{output_file}'")
2: Print each line of a file in reverse order
def reverse_lines(input_file):
with open(input_file, 'r') as file:
lines = file.readlines()
for line in reversed(lines):
print(line.rstrip())
# Example usage:
input_file = 'input.txt'
reverse_lines(input_file)
3: Compute number of characters, words, and lines in a file
def count_chars_words_lines(input_file):
with open(input_file, 'r') as file:
lines = file.readlines()
 num_lines = len(lines)
num_words = sum(len(line.split()) for line in lines)
num_chars = sum(len(line) for line in lines)
print(f"Number of lines: {num_lines}")
print(f"Number of words: {num_words}")
print(f"Number of characters: {num_chars}")
# Example usage:
input_file = 'input.txt'
count_chars_words_lines(input_file)
4: Operations on an array (create, display, append, insert, reverse)
class ArrayOperations:
def __init__(self):
self.array = []
def create_array(self, elements):
self.array = elements
def display_array(self):
print("Array:", self.array)
def append_element(self, element):
self.array.append(element)
def insert_element(self, index, element):
self.array.insert(index, element)
def reverse_array(self):
self.array.reverse()
# Example usage:
arr = ArrayOperations()
arr.create_array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
arr.display_array()
arr.append_element(6)
arr.display_array()
arr.insert_element(2, 10)
arr.display_array()
arr.reverse_array()
arr.display_array()
5: Add, transpose, and multiply two matrices
import numpy as np
def matrix_operations():
# Creating matrices
matrix1 = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
matrix2 = np.array([[5, 6], [7, 8]])
# Addition
addition = matrix1 + matrix2
print("Matrix Addition:")
print(addition)
# Transpose
transpose1 = np.transpose(matrix1)
transpose2 = np.transpose(matrix2)
print("\nMatrix Transpose:")
print("Matrix 1:")
print(transpose1)
print("Matrix 2:")
print(transpose2)
# Multiplication
multiplication = np.dot(matrix1, matrix2)
print("\nMatrix Multiplication:")
 print(multiplication)
# Example usage:
matrix_operations()
6: Class representing shapes with area and perimeter methods
import math
class Shape:
def area(self):
pass
def perimeter(self):
pass
class Circle(Shape):
def __init__(self, radius):
self.radius = radius
def area(self):
return math.pi * self.radius ** 2
def perimeter(self):
return 2 * math.pi * self.radius
class Triangle(Shape):
def __init__(self, base, height, side1, side2):
self.base = base
self.height = height
self.side1 = side1
self.side2 = side2
def area(self):
return 0.5 * self.base * self.height
def perimeter(self):
return self.base + self.side1 + self.side2
class Square(Shape):
def __init__(self, side):
self.side = side
def area(self):
return self.side ** 2
def perimeter(self):
return 4 * self.side
# Example usage:
circle = Circle(5)
print("Circle Area:", circle.area())
print("Circle Perimeter:", circle.perimeter())
triangle = Triangle(3, 4, 5, 5)
print("\nTriangle Area:", triangle.area())
print("Triangle Perimeter:", triangle.perimeter())
square = Square(4)
print("\nSquare Area:", square.area())
print("Square Perimeter:", square.perimeter())
UNIT – 5
1: Check whether a JSON string contains complex object or not
import json
def has_complex_object(json_str):
try:
data = json.loads(json_str)
for value in data.values():
if isinstance(value, (list, dict)):
return True
return False
 except json.JSONDecodeError:
return False
# Example usage:
json_str1 = '{"name": "John", "age": 30, "city": "New York"}'
json_str2 = '{"name": "Jane", "age": 25, "contacts": {"email":
"jane@example.com", "phone": "123-
456-7890"}}'
print(has_complex_object(json_str1)) # False
print(has_complex_object(json_str2)) # True
2: Demonstrate NumPy arrays creation using `array()` function
import numpy as np
def create_numpy_array():
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
return arr
# Example usage:
arr = create_numpy_array()
print("NumPy Array:", arr)
3: Demonstrate use of `ndim`, `shape`, `size`, `dtype` in NumPy array
import numpy as np
def numpy_array_properties():
arr = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
print("Array:")
print(arr)
print("Number of dimensions:", arr.ndim)
print("Shape (rows, columns):", arr.shape)
print("Size (total number of elements):", arr.size)
print("Data type of elements:", arr.dtype)
# Example usage:
numpy_array_properties()
4: Demonstrate basic slicing, integer and Boolean indexing in NumPy array
import numpy as np
def numpy_array_operations():
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
# Basic slicing
print("Slicing examples:")
print(arr[1:4]) # [2 3 4]
print(arr[:3]) # [1 2 3]
print(arr[2:]) # [3 4 5]
# Integer indexing
print("\nInteger indexing:")
print(arr[[0, 2, 4]]) # [1 3 5]
# Boolean indexing
print("\nBoolean indexing:")
print(arr[arr > 2]) # [3 4 5]
# Example usage:
numpy_array_operations()
5: Find min, max, sum, cumulative sum of array using NumPy
import numpy as np
def numpy_array_stats():
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
print("Array:", arr)
print("Minimum value:", np.min(arr))
print("Maximum value:", np.max(arr))
print("Sum of array elements:", np.sum(arr))
 print("Cumulative sum of array elements:", np.cumsum(arr))
# Example usage:
numpy_array_stats()
6: Create a dictionary, convert it to a Pandas DataFrame, and explore
data
import pandas as pd
def create_dataframe_from_dict():
data = {
'Name': ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie', 'David', 'Eve'],
'Age': [25, 30, 35, 28, 32],
'City': ['New York', 'Los Angeles', 'Chicago', 'Houston',
'Boston'],
'Salary': [50000, 60000, 75000, 45000, 80000]
}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
return df
# Example usage:
df = create_dataframe_from_dict()
# a) Apply head() function
print("Head of DataFrame:")
print(df.head())
# b) Data selection operations
print("\nData selection operations:")
print("Selecting column 'Name':")
print(df['Name'])
print("\nFiltering based on age > 30:")
print(df[df['Age'] > 30])
7: Plotting scatter and line plot using Matplotlib with Pandas DataFrame
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Assuming `df` is the DataFrame from 6
# Scatter plot
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6))
plt.scatter(df['Age'], df['Salary'], color='blue', label='Age vs Salary')
plt.title('Scatter Plot: Age vs Salary')
plt.xlabel('Age')
plt.ylabel('Salary')
plt.legend()
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()
# Line plot
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6))
plt.plot(df['Age'], df['Salary'], marker='o', color='green', linestyle='-
', linewidth=2, markersize=8)
plt.title('Line Plot: Age vs Salary')
plt.xlabel('Age')
plt.ylabel('Salary')
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()
OUTPUTS
UNIT-1
1. Find the largest element among three numbers
Output
Enter first number: 10
Enter second number: 25
Enter third number: 15
The largest number among 10.0, 25.0, and 15.0 is 25.0.
2. Display all prime numbers within an interval
Output
Enter start of interval: 10
Enter end of interval: 50
Prime numbers between 10 and 50 are: [11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41,
43, 47]
3. Swap two numbers without using a temporary variable
Output
Enter first number: 5
Enter second number: 10
After swapping: a = 10.0, b = 5.0
4. Demonstrate the following operators in Python with suitable examples
i) Arithmetic Operators
Enter first number for arithmetic operations: 10
Enter second number for arithmetic operations: 3
Addition: 13.0
Subtraction: 7.0
Multiplication: 30.0
Division: 3.3333333333333335
Modulus: 1.0

Exponentiation: 1000.0
Floor Division: 3.0
ii) Relational Operators
Enter first number for relational operations: 10
Enter second number for relational operations: 3
a == b: False
a != b: True
a > b: True
a < b: False
a >= b: True
a <= b: False
iii) Assignment Operators
Enter a number for assignment operations: 10
Enter another number for assignment operations: 3
a += b: 13.0
a -= b: 10.0
a *= b: 30.0
a /= b: 10.0
a %= b: 1.0
a **= b: 1.0
a //= b: 0.0
iv) Logical Operators
Enter 1 for True or 0 for False for logical operations (a): 1
Enter 1 for True or 0 for False for logical operations (b): 0
a and b: False
a or b: True
not a: False
v) Bitwise Operators
Enter an integer for bitwise operations (a): 10
Enter another integer for bitwise operations (b): 3
a & b: 2
a | b: 11
a ^ b: 9
~a: -11
a << 2: 40
a >> 2: 2
vi) Ternary Operator
Enter first number for ternary operation: 10
Enter second number for ternary operation: 20
b is greater
vii) Membership Operators
Enter a list of numbers separated by space: 1 2 3 4 5
Enter a number to check membership in the list: 3
Enter another number to check membership in the list: 10
b in a: True
c not in a: True
viii) Identity Operators
a is b: True
a is c: False
a == c: True
5. Add and multiply complex numbers
Output
Enter the real part of first complex number: 2
Enter the imaginary part of first complex number: 3
Enter the real part of second complex number: 4
Enter the imaginary part of second complex number: 5
Addition of (2+3j) and (4+5j) is (6+8j)
Multiplication of (2+3j) and (4+5j) is (-7+22j)
6. Print multiplication table of a given number
Output
Enter a number to print its multiplication table: 5
5x1=5
5 x 2 = 10
5 x 3 = 15
5 x 4 = 20
5 x 5 = 25
5 x 6 = 30
5 x 7 = 35
5 x 8 = 40
5 x 9 = 45
5 x 10 = 50
UNIT-2
1. Define a function with multiple return values
Output
Enter first number: 10
Enter second number: 2
Sum: 12.0, Difference: 8.0, Product: 20.0, Quotient: 5.0
2. Define a function using default arguments
Output
Enter your name: Alice
Enter a greeting (optional): Hi
Hi, Alice!
Enter your name: Bob
Enter a greeting (optional):
Hello, Bob!
3. Find the length of the string without using any library functions
Output
Enter a string: OpenAI
The length of the string 'OpenAI' is 6.
4. Check if the substring is present in a given string or not
Output
Enter the main string: Hello, world!
Enter the substring: world
The substring 'world' is present in 'Hello, world!'.
Enter the main string: Hello, world!
Enter the substring: OpenAI
The substring 'OpenAI' is not present in 'Hello, world!'.
5. Perform operations on a list: addition, insertion, slicing
Output
Enter a list of numbers separated by space: 1 2 3 4 5
Updated List: [1, 20, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10]
Sliced List: [20, 2, 3]
6. Perform any 5 built-in functions by taking any list
Output
Enter a list of numbers separated by space: 3 1 4 1 5 9
Length: 6
Max Value: 9
Min Value: 1
Sum: 23
Sorted List: [1, 1, 3, 4, 5, 9]
UNIT-3
1. Create and concatenate tuples
# Output
Concatenated Tuple: ('Alice', 21, '123 Maple Street', 'XYZ College',
'Bob', 22, '456 Oak
Avenue', 'ABC University')
2. Count the number of vowels in a string (No control flow allowed)
# Output
Enter a string: OpenAI
Number of vowels: 3
3. Check if a given key exists in a dictionary or not
# Output
Enter a key to check: age
The key 'age' exists in the dictionary.
Enter a key to check: college
The key 'college' does not exist in the dictionary.
4. Add a new key-value pair to an existing dictionary
# Output
Enter a key to add: college
Enter a value to add: XYZ College
Updated Dictionary: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 21, 'address': '123 Maple
Street', 'college': 'XYZ
College'}
5. Sum all the items in a given dictionary
# Output
Sum of all items: 600
UNIT -4
1: Sort words in a file and put them in another file
Input (`input.txt`):
Hello World
apple Banana
Orange grape
Output (`output.txt`):
apple
banana
grape
hello
orange
world
2: Print each line of a file in reverse order
Input (`input.txt`):
First line
Second line
Third line
Output:
Third line
Second line
First line
3: Compute number of characters, words, and lines in a file
Input (`input.txt`):
This is line 1.
This is line 2 with more words.
And this is line 3.
Output:
Number of lines: 3
Number of words: 16
Number of characters: 63
4: Operations on an array (create, display, append, insert, reverse)
Output:
Array: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Array: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
Array: [1, 2, 10, 3, 4, 5, 6]
Array: [6, 5, 4, 3, 10, 2, 1]
5: Add, transpose, and multiply two matrices
Output:
Matrix Addition:
[[ 6 8]
[10 12]]
Matrix Transpose:
Matrix 1:
[[1 3]
[2 4]]
Matrix 2:
[[5 7]
[6 8]]
Matrix Multiplication:
[[19 22]
[43 50]]
6: Class representing shapes with area and perimeter methods
Output:
Circle Area: 78.53981633974483
Circle Perimeter: 31.41592653589793
Triangle Area: 6.0
Triangle Perimeter: 13
Square Area: 16
Square Perimeter: 16