M202 Lecture Book II Part 1

Geometry Enrichment
Week 11 to Week 17

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 Geometry Enrichment 1

Congruent Triangles

1. Congruence Theorems

1. Side-Side-Side (SSS)
2. Side-Angle-Side (SAS)
3. Angle-Side-Angle (ASA)

Examples:

1. Prove: If a radius of a circle bisects a chord of the circle that is not

a diameter, then the radius is perpendicular to the chord.

2. In the figure below, AD=CD and AB=BC. Prove that DB is

perpendicular to AC.
. D -

3. In triangle ABC, AB=AC. Let M be the point on BC such that AM

bisects angle BAC. Prove M is the midpoint of BC and AM is
perpendicular to BC.

4. Find VZ in the diagram at the left below.

X 7
V

5
z

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 Geometry Enrichment 1

5. In the diagram, AD=BC, AD is parallel to BC, and E and F are on AC

so that angle ADE=CBF. Prove that AB is parallel to CD and DF=EB.
D�------:,,,C

A B

6. In the figure, PQ=PR and angle PQY=PRX. Prove QY=RX and

XN=YN.

Q R

2. Isosceles and Equilateral Triangles

Examples:

1. In the diagram, AC=CD=DB, and angle 8=23 degree, Find angle A.

�B
C

2. Find angle PBD

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3. In the diagram, 0 is the center of the circle. AB is parallel to CD,

angle AB0=24 and Angle OBC=OCD. Find angle BOC.

4. In the diagram at right, AB=BC=AC and AE=EB=BF=FC=CD=DA

such that triangle ABC is completely inside triangle DEF. Prove
that DE=EF=DF.
E-=----:-----::;:;:;:=-;,

5. Triangle ABC is equilateral in the diagram. Point D, E and F are in

triangle ABC such that angle CAD=ABE=BCF. D lies on CF, E lies on
AD and Flies on BE. Prove that triangle DEF is equilateral.

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6. In the diagram, VW=VX and WX is parallel to YZ. Prove that

WY=XZ and YX=WZ.

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Similar Triangles

1. The lengths in the diagram are as marked, and WX//YZ . Find PY

and WX.
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2. Find BC and_DC given AD=3, BD=4and AB=S

_:A .

3. Given that DE//BC.. and AY //XC, prove that EY /EX = AD/DB

, .A·

4. In the diagram, WXYZ is a square.Mis the midpoint of YZ, and AB

is perpendicular to MX.

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a) Show that WZ/ /XY

b) Prove AZ=YB
c) Prove XB=XA
d) Prove AZM::::MYX, and use this fact to prove AZ=XY/4

5. In Triangle ABC, AB=AC, BC=l, and angle BAC=36 degree. Let D be

the point on side AC such that angle ABD=CBD. Prove that triangle
ABC and BCD are similar. Also Find AB.

6. Find x in terms of y given the diagram below.

B

7. Given AC=4, CD=S and AB=6. Find BC if the perimeter of BCD is

20.

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8. In the figure, M is the midpoint of EH and of FG. E and F are

midpoints of IM and MJ. Prove that IJ//GH.

9. In the diagram, angle PRQ=PQA=90, QR=QA, and angle QPC=RPC.

Prove angle QCB=QBC. Prove RA//PB
p

10. Given the side lengths shown in the diagram, prove that
AE//BC and AB//DE

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11. In the diagram, DE/ /BC, and the segments have the lengths
shown in the diagram. Find. x, y and z.
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12. As shown in the diagram, angle A=90 and ADEF is a square.

Given that AB=6 and AC=10. Find AD.

13. In the diagram, PX is the altitude from right angle QPR of

right triangle PQR. Show that PXJ\ 2= QX*RX. PR A 2=RX*RQ, and
PQ A 2=QX*QR

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14. Triangle ABC�XYZ, AB/XY=4, and (ABC)=64. In this

problem we will find (XYZ).

16. In the figure, the area of EDC is 25 times the area of BFD
a) Find CD/DB
b) Find (EDC)/(ABC)
c) Find (AFE)/(ABC)
A

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17. In the diagram, WZ//XY and WX//ZY. WA and WB hit XZ at

C and D, such that ZC=XD
a) Prove ZC/XC = AC/WC
b) Prove XD/ZD = DB/WD
c) Prove CD//AB
w X

z A y

18. In the diagram, PQ=PR, ZX//QY, QY is perpendicular to PR,

and PQ is extended to W such that WZ is perpendicular to PW.
Show that triangle QWZ�RXZ.

z
19. PA and BQ bisect angles RPQ and RQP. Given that RX is
perpendicular to PA and RY is perpendicular to BQ. Prove that
XY//PQ.

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Right Triangle

1. Pythagorean Theorem

1) Two vertical poles are 14 feet apart. One is 16 feet tall, and the
other is 9 feet tall. A rope extends straight from the top of one pole
to the top of the other pole. How long is the rope?

2) One leg of a right triangle is 3cm more than 3 times the other leg,
and the hypotenuse is 1cm longer than the longest leg. Find the
area of the triangle.

3) Initially, a 25-foot ladder rests against a vertical wall such that the
top of the ladder is 24 feet from the ground. Then, Nathan moves
the base of the ladder farther out from the wall so that the top of
the ladder slides down until resting against the wall at a point 20
feet above the ground. Given that the wall is perpendicular to the
ground, how far did Nathan move the base of the ladder?

4) A triangle has sides measuring 13cm, 13cm and 10cm. A second

triangle is drawn with sides measuring 13cm, 13cm and X cm,
where x is a whole number other than 10. If the two triangles have
equal areas, what is the value of x?

5) Let XOY be a right triangle with angle XOY=90 degree. Let M and N
be the midpoints of legs OX and OY. Given that XN=l 9 and YM=22
find XY.

6) In triangle ABC, AB=AC, BC=-V3-1, and angle BAC=30 degree. Find

the length of AB.

2. Two Special Right Triangle

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 .- the missing-E·
1) Find all - in the diagram.
sides
.

D-

2) Let ABCD be a square of side length 3, and let E, F, G and H be

points on sides AB, BC, CD and DA, such that AE=CF=CG=AH=l.
Prove that EFGH is a rectangle by showing that all of its angles are
right angles. Find the area of EFGH.

A E
H

D G
3) Find the area of PQR given that PQ=QR=8 and angle PQR=120
degree.

4) In triangle ABC, AB=20, angle A =30 degree, angle C = 45 degree.

Find BC.

5) AD and BC are both perpendicular to AB in the diagram at left

below, and CD is perpendicular to AC. If AB=4 and BC=3, find CD.

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6) ABCDis a square in the diagram at right above.Mis the midpoint
of ADand BMis perpendicular to MN. Prove that triangle
MDN�BAM. Prove that angle ABM=MBN.

3. Heron's Formula

We know the three sides of the triangle a, b, c. The area of the

triangle is -ls(s-a)(s-b)(s-c) s =½(a+b+c)

Example:

In triangle GHI, GH=S, HI=7, GI=8. Find the height of triangle GHI
from G to HI.

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Geometry Enrichment 4
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Perimeter and Area

In this lecture, We will focus on the problems with the properties of same base or
same altitude.

1. AC and BD meet at X as shown. Given (ABX)=24, (BCX)=lS and (CDX)=lO,

find (ADX)?

2. In the diagram, PT=6, TR=3 and QV=4,

a) Find the area of PQR, PTQ and QTR
b) Find TR/PT and (QTR)/(PTQ)
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T

3. In the diagram, AB=2 and BE=3.

a) Find (BCD)/(ACD)
b) Find (ADBC)/(ADC)
c) Find (BCD)/(ACBD)

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4. Find QX in the diagram given that WX=8 and (PQX)=(WXYZ)/6.

5. The area of rectangle ABCD is 36 and DE=2EC.

a) What is (BCD)?
b) What is (BED)?

A B

D E C

6. Each of the other triangles in the figure has perimeter 23. The perimeter of
BDFHJ is 51. What is the perimeter of star ABCDEFGHIJ?

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7. In the figure, (WOZ)=12, (ZOY)=18 and (WXYZ)=S0. Find (WOX).

z
y

More Challenging Problems:

� We begin with an equilateral triangle. We divide each side into three segments of equal length,
add an equilateral triangle to each side using the middle third as a base. We then repeat this, to get
· in:! figure.

:;:_.en that the perimeter of the first figure is 12, what is the perimeter of the second figure? What is the
:meter of the third figure? Hints: 273, 141

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4.32 Int-ABC at left below, CX = 2BX and AY::::: 3BY. Find [BXYl given that lABC:1 ::::: 144. Hints:
285,89
A
I
I \

iI
I \ , ):'
\/\
I

cl \
X
B
..�

Figure 4.11: Diagram for Problem 4.32 Figure 4.12: Diagram for Problem 4.33

/ 4.33 The diagram at right above is fonned by placing 4 squares together along a single line as shown.
Each square has a side length that is 1/2 the side length of the next large.r square. The outer perimeter
of the figure is 115. ·what is the area of the whole figure? (Source: ARML) Hints: 329
4.34 Sue and Barry are trying to find the area of fl.ABC. Sue mistakenly uses AB and the height from
A (instead of the height from C), and Barry mistakenly uses BC and the height from C (instead of the
height from A).
(a) Sue finds an area of 12 and Barry finds an area of 27. What is the area of AABC? Hints: 369, 38
(b)* Suppose instead that Sue finds an arfc'a of '120 and Barry finds an area of 150. Now what is the
area of 1:.ABC? Hint,;: 301
4.35 Show that [WPX] = [WPZ] in the diagram at left below. Hints: 426, 108

A(O,O)

Figure 4.13: Diagram for Problem 4.35 Figure 4.14: Diagram for Problem 4.36
4.36 In the diagram at right above, triangle ABC has vertex A at the origin, vertex Bat the point (2,0'
and vertex Con the circle with center (3, 2) and radius 1. What is the maxi.mum possible area for :;uch a
triangle? (S(lurce: Mandelbrot) Hints: 75,553
4.37* Ai5, BE, and CF meet at X as shown at right. Prove that A
[AXC] AF
IBXCJ = JB'
Hints: 231, 98

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 In the diagram at left below, given [PQRS) = S[PQAl and [PQRS] = 4[PBS], find [ABPJ/[PQRS].
583,470,361

-L\L-l
P _-- Q
- -- A
A

S [S:21
SR E C
B D
.f"IgUre 4.15: Diagram for Problem 4.38 Figure 4.16: Diagram for Problem 4.39
- ln rectangle ABCD at right above, point Eis on side CD such that [CB£] - [ADEi = [AEB) - [CBE].
� is the ratio of the area of the largest region to the area of the smallest region? (SoUice: AR.ML)
324,166
.. For Joe's birthday, Will has bought a 7 x 7 inch square birthday cake with a flat top. It is a
late cake with banana frosting on the top ,md on the sides. It turns out that seven people will
- nt when the cake is cut, and each person will become quite envious if another person receives
C<.ke or frosting. Find a way to divide the cake among seven people, so that each receives an equal
t of cake and frosting. Hints: 149, 67, 124

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 Geometry Enrichment 5

Special Lines of a Triangle I

1. Perpendicular Bisector and Angle Bisector

1) A. Line m is the perpendicular bisector of segment AB. C is on m.

Show CA=CB.
B. Let C be a point such that AC=BC, then C is on the perpendicular
Bisector of AB.

2) A. Prove any point on the angle bisector of angle XYZ is

equidistant from YX and YZ.
B. C is a point inside angle XYZ such that C is equidistant from YZ
and YX. Show that C must be on the angle bisector of angle XYZ.

3) Angle Bisector Theorem: BE is the angle bisector of angle B in

triangle ABC. We can get AB/BC=AE/EC.

Problems:

1) Line m is the perpendicular bisector of both AB and CD. Which of

the following must be true and why?
a) AB=CD
b) AB//CD
c) AC=BD

2) Find the radius of the circle with center O given that BC=8 and
Q0=2

3) Find the circumradius of an equilateral triangle with side length

18.

4) What is the circumradius of a right triangle with legs of length 6

and 8?

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5) The angle bisector of triangle XYZ meet at I, and perpendicular

segment from I to the sides of the triangle are drawn. Prove
.
IR=IQ=IP. (Remember: I is the center of inscribed circle)
X

6) Segments GH, HI and IG are tangent to the circle with center C.

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Given that angle GHI = 70 and angle GIH = 50. Find angle HCI.

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8) We discovered a circle that is tangent to all three sides of triangle

XYZ. Find the formula for the area of triangle XYZ in terms of the
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radius of the inscribed circle and the perimeter of the triangle.
'<

9) Find the radius of an inscribed circle that is tangent to all three

sides of triangle ABC given that the sides have the lengths of 7, 24,
25.

10) AB, AC and BC are tangent to circle 0. If angle A=70, angle

8=72 and angle C=38. What is the measure of angle AOB, BOC and
COA?

11) PS and RT are angle bisectors of triangle PQR and angle

PIR=130. Given RPQ=30, find angle PRT, PRQ and angle Q.

12) Find RZ in the triangle PQR, PZ bisects angle QPR when

PR=9, QZ=4 and PQ=6.

13) In triangle ABC, AB=l0, AC=12 and BC=8. Point M is on side

BC such that angle BAM=CAM. Find BM.

14) For each of the following, find the length of the inradius of a
triangle with the given numbers as side length.
a. 3, 4, 5
b. 6, 6, 6
C. 7, 7, 10
d. 5, 6, 7

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2. Medians

Definition:

1. A median of a triangle is a segment from a vertex to the midpoint

of the opposite side.
2. The medians of a triangle are concurrent at a point called the
centroid of the triangle.
3. The centroid cuts each median in a 2: 1 ratio.

Problems:

1) Triangle PQR is an equilateral triangle with side length 12. Show

that each angle bisector of an equilateral triangle is also a median.
Find the length of the inradius of triangle PQR.

2) Points D, E and F are the midpoints of the sides of triangle ABC. D

is on BC, E is on AC and F is on AB.
a) Show that triangle BDF ~ ABC
b) Show that triangle DEF ~ ABC
c) What is the ratio of the area of each of four small triangles to
triangle ABC?

3) Triangle ABC has sides of length AB=9, BC=12 and CA=lS. Find
the length of the median from B to the midpoint of AC.

4) In triangle JKL, JK=JL=lO, and KL=16.

a. Find the length of median JM
b. Let medians JM and KN meet at G, find KG.
c. Find the length of median KN.

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5) D and E are the midpoints of sides BC and AC of triangle ABC. AD

and BE meet at G, AG=9 and GE=4. Find GD and BG.

6) Right triangle PQR has PQ=5, QR=12 and RP=13. The midpoints of
QR, RP and PQ are A, B, C.
a. Draw a diagram and mark the right angle.
b. Find the length of median QB.
c. Find the lengths of medians PA and RC.

7) Three medians of right triangle ABC intersect at G. E is on AC.F is

on AB and D is on BC.Given that AC=8, and AB=l5.Find the
following:
a. (AFC), (ACD), (AEG)
b. (EGDC), (AFGE)
c. (DEF), (BFD)
d. The length of CG.

3. Altitudes
Definition: The altitudes of any triangle are concurrent at a point
called the orthocenter.

1) In triangle XYZ, Altitudes QZ and XP intersect at N. Given that

angle YXZ = 70 and angle XZY = 45. Find the angle NYZ.

2) In triangle XYZ, XA and YB are altitudes, YZ=5, YB=3 and XA=4.

Find XY.

3) Triangle ABC is isosceles with AB=AC. Must the altitudes from B

and C have the same length?

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4. Challenging Problems:

1) Given that AB=BC=6, CD=3-v'2, angle ABC=90, and that there is a

circle passing through all four vertices of ABCD. Find the area of
ABCD.

2) Given AB=BC=lO, and AC=12, find'the circumradius and the

inradius of triangle ABC.

3) In triangle ABC, AD bisects angle BAC and I is the incenter of

triangle ABC. AB=7, BC=8, and AC=ll. Find AI/ID.

4) In triangle ABC, point E is the midpoint of AC, and AD is a median

of triangle ABC. F is on AB such that AF=AB/4. EF and AD meet at
X. Find AX/AD.

5) P, Q, and R are the midpoints of sides YZ, XZ and XY, respectively,

and ZA is the altitude to side XY. Show that AP=RQ. Show that
angle PRQ = PAQ.

6) In right triangle ABC, let F be the midpoint of hypotenuse AB, and

let D be the foot of the altitude from C to AB. Let E be on AB such
that CE is the angle bisector of angle ACB. Prove that angle
DCE=ECF.

7) In triangle PQR, PQ=8, PR=lO and QR=9. PD bisects angle QPR, QA

is perpendicular to PD, and BC passes through A such that BC is
parallel to PR. Prove that AC is a median of triangle PAQ. Find DB.

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8) Let H and O denote the orthocenter and circumcenter of acute
triangle ABC, respectively. AH meets BC at P and AO meets BC at
Q. Prove that angle BAP=CAQ.

9) In triangle JKL, we have JK=JL=25 and KL=40. Find the inradius of

triangle JKL. Find the circumradius of triangle JKL.

10) Let I be the incenter of triangle ABC, and let AI meet BC at

A'. Prove that A'I/IA=BA'/AB. Prove that A'I/IA = BC/(AB+AC)

11) In triangle ABC, angle A=l00, angle B=S0, and angle C=30. H
is on BC and M on AC such that AH is an altitude and BM is a
median. Find angle MHC.

12) In triangle ABC, angle C is a right angle. Point M is the

midpoint of AB, point N is the midpoint of AC, and point O is the
midpoint of AM. The perimeter of triangle ABC is 112 and
ON=l2.5. What is the area of MNCB?

13) Points M and N are the midpoints of sides PA and PB of

triangle PAB. As P moves along a line that is parallel to side AB,
which of the four quantities listed below change? (a) the length of
segment MN. (b) the perimeter of triangle PAB. (c) the area of
triangle PAB. (d) the area of ABNM.

14) Let triangle XYZ have angle X=60 and angle Y=45. A circle
with center P passes through A and B on side XY, C and D on side
YZ, and E and F on side ZX. Suppose AB=CD=EF. Prove that P is
the incenter of triangle XYZ. Find angle XPY.

15) Triangle ABC has area 48. Let P be the midpoint of median
AM and let N be the midpoint of side AB. If G is the intersection of
MN and BP, find the area of triangle MGP.

16) Point N is on hypotenuse BC of triangle ABC such that angle

CAN=45. Given AC=8 and AB=6, find AN.

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17) The circle has radius 1 and is circumscribed about

equilateral triangle ABC. IfXis the midpoint of AC and Y is on arc
AC such that angle YXA is right, then find length XY.

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Geometry Enrichment 6

Circles

1. Arc and Circumference

• The length of Arc =

• Circumference =

1) The length of a 72-degree arc of a circle is 15. What is the

circumference of the circle?

2) Chord YZ of a circle with center O has length 12. The

circumference of the circle is 24pi. Find the length of arc(YZ)

3) Chords AB and CD of circle O have the same length. Prove

Arc(AB)=Arc(CD)

4) Anna and Betty are 180 yards apart, at points A and B in the
diagram, respectively. There is a semi-circular path from Anna to
Betty. Chuck is at point C, the midpoint of this path. Anna must
walk to Chunk and then to Betty. How much farther must Anna
walk if she follows the path than if she cuts across, walking
straight to C then straight to B? What if the path is a 120-degree of
a circle instead of a semi-circular arc?

5) Arc(AC) of the circle O has length 12pi, and the circle has radius
18. Find OC. Find angle AOC. Find AC.

6) Arc(WX) and Arc(YZ) of circle Qare congruent. Prove that WX=YZ.

2. Area of Sectors

• Area of Sectors =
• Area of circle =

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1) Triangle XYZ is equilateral with side length 10. A circle is
constructed with center X and radius 10, thus passing through Y
and Z. Find the area of sector YXZ of the circle.

2) Farmer Tim has 50 feet of fence. He wants to enclose a

semicircular area adjacent to his barn, thus using his barn as one
side of the enclosure. What is the area of the space Farmer Tim
can enclose?

3) Find the area of a circle with diameter 18.

4) Find the area of a circle that has circumference 12pi.

5) Find the radius of a circle if its circumference is numerically equal

to its area.

6) If a pizza that is 12 inches in diameter provides four full meals,

how many meals are provided by a pizza that is 20 inches in
diameter?

7) Point A and B are on the circumference of circle O such that angle

AOB=120 degree and OA = 12, find the area of sector AOB.

8) Sector XQZ of circle Q has area 30pi. Given that the whole circle
has area 100pi, find angle XQZ and angle XZQ.

3. Funky Area

1) 0 is the center of the shown circle and OA=8, find the area of the
shaded region.

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2) I have a barn that is a regular hexagon, as shown. Each side of the
barn is 100 feet long. I tether my burro to point A with a 150 foot
rope. Find the area of the region in which my burro can graze.

3) The shaded portion of the figure is called a lune. Given that AB=l,
CD=V2, and that AB and CD are diameters of the respective
semicircles shown, find the area of the lune.

4) Circle A passes through B and circle B passes through A. Given

that AB=6, find the shaded region common to both circles.

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5) Find the area of the shaded region given that O is the center of the
circle, angle AOB=120 degree, and the radius of the circle is 6.

6) Each side of equilateral triangle XYZ has length 9. Find the area of
the region inside the circumference of the triangle, but outside the
triangle.

7) In the diagram, triangle ABC is an equilateral triangle with side

length 6. Arcs are drawn centered at the vertices connecting
midpoints of consecutive sides, as shown. Find the area of the
shaded region.
C

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8) Quarter-circles have been drawn at vertices A and C of square

ABCD. Given that AB=6, find the shaded area.

9) XOY is a quarter-circle. Semicircles are drawn with diameters OX

and OY as shown. Find the area of the shaded region given that
X0=4.

10) ABCD is a square of side length 4. Two quarter-circles and a

diagonal are drawn. Find the area of the shaded region.

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11) Three circles of radius 12 lie in a plane such that each

passes through the center of the other two. Find the area common
to all three circles.

12) The number of centimeters in the perimeter of a semicircle

is numerically the same as the number of square centimeters in its
area. What is the number of centimeters in the radius of the
semicircle?

13) Given that triangleABO in the diagram is a right triangle

with BD=8 andAB=8 ✓3, find the total area of the shaded regions.

14) Six 120-degree arcs are drawn centered at the vertices of

regular hexagonABCDEF. Each arc connects two vertices of the
hexagon as shown. Given thatAF=6, find the total area of the
shaded regions.
# A

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15) The number of inches in the perimeter of an equilateral

triangle equals the number of square inches in the area of its
circumscribed circle. What is the radius of the circle?

16) A circle has two parallel chords of length x that are x units
apart. If the part of the circle included between the chords has
area 2 + pi, find x.

17) Quarter circles are drawn centered at each vertex of square

ABCD as shown. Given AB=12, find the area of the shaded region.

18) The figure shows a quarter-circle of radius 1, with A on

arc(BD) such that angle AOD=30 degree. What must the distance
OX be such that the region bounded by AX, BX and arc(AB)
occupies half the area of the quarter circle?
B

0 X D

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Circle and Angle

1. Inscribed Angles:
1) Find the inscribed angle ABC shown, given that arc(AC) = 80 degree, and
arc(ACB)= 130 degree.

•O

C
2) Given that triangle ABC is inscribed in the circle. Angle A=70 degree, and
AC=130 degree. Find angle C.

130 °

3) Find x given that angle APB=2x, angle ACD=x, and BC=x.

4) Chords AC and BO of a circle meet at P. Given AP=PB, show that AB//CD

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5) Point P, Q and R are on the circle O such that arc(PQ)=78 degree,

arc(QR)=123 degree and arc(PQR)=201 degree. Find angle QPR, PQR, PRQ,
POQ, PQO and POR.

6) Point R and S are on the circle E such that RS=S0 degree. Point Tis also on
the circle E. Find all possible values of RTS.

7) Point E, F and G are on the circle O such that angle EFG=48 degree and angle
GEF=78 degree. Find angle EGF, find the arc EG and EFG.

8) In the diagram, 0 is the center of the circle and angle ACB=36 degree. Find
angle D, Arc(AB), angle ABF, angle EFB, Arc(CD).
E

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2. Angles inside and Outside Circles

1) Find angle AEB given
.
that arc(AB)=40 degree and arc(DC)=80 degree.
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2) Find angle DAE given that ar�--DE =110 degree and arc(BC)=20 degree.
-�,D

3) Given that arc(AD)=40 degree, arc(AB)=120 degree, and arc(DC)=100

degree, find angle BPC and angle BEC.

4) In the figure, angle Y=58 degree, angle W=20 degree and XZ is perpendicular
to WX, find angle WOV and angle ZXV.

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 GAUSS
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5) Angle P meets the circle at four points as shown. The arcs WX, WZ, XY and YZ
are in order from smallest to largest, and each of the last three is 42 larger
than the arc listed before it. Find angle P.
. . . ·;..,.. -�
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6) The diagram shows that arc(AB)=40 degree, arc(BC)=103 degree, and

arc(CD)=83 degree. Find angle AED.

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7) Find arc(YZ) and arc(VZ) in the diagram if arc(XY) = 78 degree and

arc(XV)=32 degree and angle YWZ = 30.5 degree.

8) Point P, Q, R, S are in that order on circle 0. PR and QS meet at Z. Given that

arcs PQ=2QR=3RS=4SP. Find angle QZR.

9) Given that arc(XY)=75 degree, arc(XYZ)=117 degree and arc(YZW)=l 73

degree. Find the following angles: angle YPZ, YOZ, XYW, OWZ
X

3. Tangent
1) Find angle ZAB given that line m is tangent to the circle at A and arc(AB)=80
degree.

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 GAUSS
ACADEMY
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2) In the diagram, let arc(BD)=110 degree and arc(BC)=40 degree. AB is tangent

to the circle at B. Find BDC and DBA. Find angle A.
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3) Point P is 25 centimeters from the center O of a circle with radius 10

centimeters. Point Q is on the circle such that PQ is tangent to the circle. Find
PQ.

4) Point U and I are on circle O such that major arc(UI) is twice as long as minor
arc(UI). P is outside the circle such that PU and PI are tangent to circle 0.
Find minor arc (UI), find angle UPI, PIO, IOU, and PIU.

5) Point T is outside the circle 0. Xis on the circle O such that TXis tangent to
circle 0. The radius of circle O is 6 and TX=12. Find TO.

6) Y and Z are on the circle G and Xis outside circle G such that XY and XZ are
tangent to the circle G. Given that angle YXZ=51 degree, find the measure of
minor arc( Y Z).

7) Circle O is tangent to all four sides of rhombus ABCD, AC=24 and AB=15.
What is the area of circle 0.

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4. Challenging Problems:
1) A quadrilateral is said to be a cyclic quadrilateral if a circle can be drawn that
passes through all four of its vertices. Prove that if ABCD is a cyclic
quadrilateral, then angle A+C=180 degree.

2) PC is tangent to the circle and PD bisects angle CPE. Furthermore,

arc(CD)=70 degree, arc(DE)=S0 degree and angle DQE=40 degree. Determine
the measure of the arc from A to E that does not include point C.
r ' 1
, C

3)

4) XY is tangent to both circle O and circle P. Given that OP=40 and the radii of
circles O and P are 31 and 7, respectively, find XY.

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5) The diagram shows the incircle of triangle ABC. X, Y and Zare the points of
tangency where the incircle touches the triangle. Let AB=c, AC=b and BC=a,
find AZ.

6) Find the inradius of a right triangle with legs of length a and b and
hypotenuse c .

7) In the figure, ABis tangent to both circle O and P. The radius of circle O is 8,
the radius of circle Pis 4, and OP=36. Find AB.

O•

8) The five circles in the diagram are congruent and ABCD is a square with side
length 4. The four outer circles are each tangent to the middle circle and to
the square on two sides as shown. Find the radius of each of the circles .

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 Geometry Enrichment 8

Power of a Point

1. ChgEds AB and CD meet at point X. Prove XA*XB = XC*XD

,,,

2. Point P is outside a given circle and A is on the circle such

that PA is tangent to the circle. C and E are on the circle
such that secants PC and PE intersect the circle at B and
PA "2 = PB*PC=PD*PE

3. Chord TY and OP meet at point K such that TK=2, KY=16

and KP=2KO, Find OP.

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4. CB=9, BA=l 1, and CE=18. Find DE.

5. Point R and M trisect PS, so PR=RM=MS. Point U is the

midpoint of P , TM=2 and MQ=8. Find RM, MS and PU.
,'{"
,

6. Given XY=6, YZ=S and point Xis 9 units from the center 0.
Find the area of the circle.

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7. Two chord AD and BE intersect at F, AF=S, FD=12, EF=9,
AB=lO, find BF, ED

8. P is outside of the circle, PA and PD intersect with the

circle at B and C. BP=8, AB=lO, CD=7 and angle APC=60
. . Find. CP, Find
,degree. . . . the
. area of the circle.
A. ' '

9. Prove XA=BZ in the diagram given that DY bisects angle

XYZ.

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10. Point O is the center of the circle, AB is

perpendicular to BC, AP=AD, and AB has length twice the
radius
.
of the circle. Prove
.
that AP A 2 = PB* AB

11. In the figure, AB is tangent to the circle 0. Given that

AB=4 and BD=12, find the area of the circle.

B ,:;__--+-----+-----; D
0

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12. Find the following in the figure

• The area of PQR
• ST
• The area of the circle
• The area of QTR

13. A circle is tangent to side BC of equilateral triangle

ABC at point Q. The circle intersects sides AB and AC in
two points each. Given that AW=AY, prove that Q is the
midpoint of BC.
A

14. Chords GH and IJ of the circle O are perpendicular at

M. Given GM=2MH=6IM=12, find GJ.

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15. AB and AF intersect with circle at C and D, AC=CB,

AD=DE=EF. Find the ratio AC/AD in the figure.

16. In circle 0, PO is perpendicular to OB and PO equals

the length of the diameter of the circle 0. Compute
PA/AB.

B
17. A and B are two points on a circle with center 0, and
C lies outside the circle on ray AB. Given that AB=24,
BC=28 and OA=15, find OC.

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