văn-hóa-mĩ

Chia 26 ý thành 4 chủ đề lớn để dễ trình bày:
1. Đa dạng dân số và văn hóa (Ý 1-10)

2. Nhập cư và thay đổi dân số (Ý 11-14)
3. Đa nguyên văn hóa và bản sắc dân tộc (Ý 15-20)
4. Giá trị và niềm tin truyền thống (Ý 21-26)
I. Population and cultural diversity.

1. The immense size of the United States.
-The United States is large, spanning many time zones and climates.
-This leads to diversity in lifestyle and culture within the country.
2. Its great ethnic diversity.

-Except for the native-born, all Americans are descendants of immigrants.
-This ethnic mix has created a unique American culture.
3. The "Melting Pot" and the Meaning of Cultural Pluralism.

The melting pot is a hidden permission for the combination of many cultures,
languages and religions to create an independent national identity for core
Americanism. On the other hand, American nationalism contains racist motives
within itself that make the melting pot cultural assimilation.
In 1815, the population of the United States was 8.4 million. Over the next 100
years, the country took in about 35 million immigrants, with the greatest
numbers coming in the late 1800s and the early1900s. Many of these new
immigrants were not from northern Europe. In 1882, 40,000 Chinese arrived,
and between 1900 and 1907 there were more than 30,000 Japanese immigrants.
But by far the largest numbers of the new immigrants were from central,
eastern, and southern Europe. The new immigrants brought different languages
and different cultures to the, United States, but gradually most of them
assimilated to the dominant American culture they found her
However, diversity has changed American culture over time.
II. Population and cultural diversity

1. History of immigration and immigration control laws.
Immigration laws have changed over time, from open immigration in the 19th
century to strict controls in the 20th century.
2. Growth of immigration from Asia and Latin America.
Two things are certain: The dominant American culture has survived, and it has
more or less successfully absorbed vast resulted in large numbers of non
numbers of immigrants at various points in its history. It has also been changed
over time by all the immigrant groups who 1900s, 90 percent of all immigrants
have settled here.
III. Cultural pluralism and national identity

1. The role of cultural pluralism.
Historically, although the children of immigrants may have grown up bilingual
and bicultural, for a number of reasons many did not pass on their language and
culture. Thus, many grandchildren of immigrants do not speak the language of
the old country and are simply American by culture. However, in parts of the
country with established communities that share a common language or
culture,
bilingualism6 and biculturalism continue.
2. Harmony and change in national identity.

On the one hand, many Americans try to maintain their ethnic heritage and
their cultural traditions. On the other hand, the number of interracial marriages
is increasing, and the majority of young people believe it does not matter which
race or ethnic group they marry into. Evidence of this racial acceptance was the
2008 election of Barack Obama, the first African-American president.
President Obama is actually bi-racial, the son of a white mother and a black
father, a native of Kenya. His ethnic heritage8 includes an Irish great, great,
great grandfather who immigrated to the United States in 1850.
In spite of all this diversity, there is still a tie that binds Americans together.
That tie is a sense of national identity-of being an American. Incidentally, when
citizens of the United States refer to themselves as Americans, they have no
intention of excluding people from Canada or Latin American countries as
residents of the American continents. There is no term such as United
Statesians in the English language, so people call themselves Americans. Thus,
what is really a language problem has sometimes caused misunderstandings.
IV. Traditional values and beliefs

1. Traditional American values: freedom, self-reliance, opportunity.
It is important to know that today there is much talk about American values and
what they really are. Much of the debate is over moral, or religious values. In
this book we are not discussing moral values. Instead, we are describing
cultural values-the cultural engine of the country. These cultural values have
defined the United States and caused people from all over the world to embrace
the way of life here and eventually to identify themselves as "Americans."
Indeed, by the third generation here, most immigrants have lost the language
and culture of their grandparents and they think of themselves as just plain
"Americans."
2. The influence of Alexis de Tocqueville in recognizing these values.

Throughout this book we will be drawing on the wisdom of a famous observer
of the American scene, Alexis de Tocqueville. Tocqueville came to the United
States as a young Frenchman in 1831 to study the American form of
democracy and what it might mean to the rest of the world. After a visit of only
nine months, he wrote a remarkable book called Democracy in America, which
is a classic study. of the American way of life. Tocqueville had unusual powers
of observation. He described not only the democratic system of government
and how it operated, but also its effect on how Americans think, feel, and act.
Many scholars believe that he had a deeper understanding of traditional
American beliefs and values than anyone else who has written about the United
States. What is so remarkable is that many of these traits of the American
character, which he observed nearly 200 years ago, are still visible and
meaningful today.
V. Conclution
1. Population and Cultural Diversity:
The United States is a vast country with a wide range of ethnicities, cultures,
and climates. From its origins as a “melting pot,” the country has evolved into a
multicultural society where communities maintain their own identities while
integrating into a common culture.
2. Immigration and Population Change:

Immigration plays a significant role in shaping the U.S. population. From
historic waves of immigration to the rise of immigrants from Latin America
and Asia, the United States has become increasingly diverse in culture and
ethnicity.
3. Cultural Diversity and National Identity:

Despite ethnic and cultural differences, Americans are united by a common
ethnicity and values such as self-employment, opportunity, and self-reliance.
This is what keeps American society connected and growing.
4. Traditional Values and Beliefs: Value systems such as individualism, hard

work, and the “American Dream” not only attracted immigrants but also
shaped American culture and society. These values continue to be the
foundation that drives the nation’s development.

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Chia 26 ý thành 4 chủ đề lớn để dễ trình bày:

1. Đa dạng dân số và văn hóa (Ý 1-10)

I. Population and cultural diversity.

2. Its great ethnic diversity.

3. The "Melting Pot" and the Meaning of Cultural Pluralism.

However, diversity has changed American culture over time.

II. Population and cultural diversity

III. Cultural pluralism and national identity

2. Harmony and change in national identity.

IV. Traditional values and beliefs

2. The influence of Alexis de Tocqueville in recognizing these values.

2. Immigration and Population Change:

3. Cultural Diversity and National Identity:

4. Traditional Values and Beliefs: Value systems such as individualism, hard

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