Page 122 Control and Coordination Chap 7

CHAPTER 7
Control and Coordination

1. COORDINATION 1.1 Pathway of Nerve Impulse in a Reflex arc

Coordination is the interaction of two or more organs Stimulus " Receptor organ " Sensory nerve "
of an organism to adjust the life processes taking Spinal cord " Motor nerve " Effector organ "
place in the body to provide appropriate response Response to stimulus
to a stimulus. All living organisms possess systems
of control and coordination for the recognition of 1.2 Divisions of Nervous System
various events taking place in the environment and 1. Central nervous system (CNS) consists of brain
responding to them. and spinal cord.
Control and coordination in animals is achieved 2. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes the
by nervous and chemical controls. nerves that bring sensory impulses to the central
1. Nerve control involves receiving the stimulus, nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and
processing of stimulus, transmission of nerve transmit motor impulses from impulses from CNS
impulse, interpretation of nerve impulse and to effector organs.
transfer of appropriate response to effector organ. 3. Autonomic nervous system (ANS) consists
2. Nerve cells or neurons are the structural and of nerves connecting sympathetic and
functional units of nervous system. A neuron parasympathetic nervous systems.
consists of dendrites, cyton and axon.
3. Nerve impulse is a signal that travels along the For solutions download NODIA app.
length of a nerve fibre like the conduction of an
electric current through copper wire. A nerve 2. HUMAN BRAIN
impulse from axon of one neuron to the dendrites
of next neuron pass as chemical message through Human brain is encased in a bony case called cranium
a gap called synapse. which protects it from external injuries. The brain is
4. Neuromuscular junction is a point of contact covered with three meninges–Dura mater, arachnoid
between the axonal end of a motor neuron and a and piamater. The space between the meninges is
muscle cell. filled with cerebrospinal fluid. The brain matter or
nervous matter is differentiated into Grey matter
5. Reflex action is a spontaneous, involuntary and
which forms the surface layer of the brain and is
automatic response which do not require any
formed of cell bodies of neurons and white matter
thinking by the brain and is without the will of
that lies on the inner side of the brain and is formed
the organism but under the control of spinal cord.
of white myelinated axons of neurons that form nerve
Withdrawal of hand on touching a hot object,
fibres.
blinking of eyes, sneezing, coughing, vomiting,
withdrawal of leg when stepped on a pointed The human brain is divided into forebrain,
object while walking barefoot, watering of mouth midbrain and hindbrain.
at the sight of tasty food, etc. are examples of
2.1 Forebrain
reflex action.
6. Reflex arc is a simple nervous pathway which Forebrain is the largest part of human brain. It consists
involves a sensory neuron carrying impulse from of olfactory lobes, cerebrum and diencephalon.
a receptor organ to spinal cord followed by motor 1. Olfactory lobes are concerned with sense of smell
nerve carrying order from spinal cord to effector but they are poorly developed in human beings.
organ. 2. Carebrum is centre of instinct, thinking,
Page 123 Control and Coordination Chap 7

memorising, reasoning, consciousness, sense and mediates most of the involuntary activities.
of responsibility and learning, feelings of love,
admiration and hatred; associated with perception
3. COORDINATION IN PLANTS
of pain, temperature, touch, sense of sight,
hearing, taste and smell and stores information as Coordination in plants is carried out by showing
knowledge. movements in their parts in response to stimulus or
3. Diencephalon consists of thalamus and by chemicals released by stimulated cells.
hypothalamus and two endocrine glands – pineal Plants do not have nervous and muscular tissues.
gland and pituitary gland associated with them. Hence, movements in their body parts in response
Thalamus serves as a relay centre for sensory to stimuli are carried out by means of cell-to-cell
and motor impulses pain, light and pressure. electrical-chemical processes and by changing cell
Hypothalamus controls food intake, thirst, body shape. Plants show :
temperature and behavioural patterns of sleep
and stress and partially controls activities of 3.1 Immediate Response to Stimulus
pituitary gland. Growth Independent Movements or Nastic Movements
or Turgor Movements : They are caused due to change
2.2 Mid-brain
in the turgidity of the cells and occur at the site of
Mid-brain connects the forebrain and hindbrain and bending and are reversible. Examples : Seismonasty
has four optic lobes which are centres of vision. or Thigmonasty (response to touch or vibration),
Photo-nasty response to light intensity, Thermonasty
2.3 Hindbrain (response to temperature), Nyctinasty or Sleep
Hindbrain consists of cerebellum, pons varolii and or Nocturnal movements (movements at night or
medulla oblongata. in the dark), Hydronasty (response to water) and
Chemonasty (response to chemicals).
1. Cerebellum (the little brain) controls and
coordinates the movements of voluntary muscles, 3.2 Movement due to Growth
maintains body posture and body balance while
walking or jumping. Growth Dependent Movements or Tropic Movements:
2. Pons varolii transfers impulses from one They occur due to unequal growth in different parts
hemisphere of cerebellum to other and coordinates of plant organ in the direction or away from direction
the muscular movements of the two sides. of external stimulus. Examples : Phototropism
(response to unidirectional light), Geotropism
3. Medulla oblongata also called brain stem,
(response to gravity), Hydrotropism (response to
controls involuntary activities such as swallowing,
water), Chemotropism (response to chemicals) and
peristaltic movements of alimentary canal,
Thigmotropism (response to contact).
heartbeat, breathing movements, etc. Medulla
has cardiac centre, respiratory centre, vasomotor 3.3 Chemical Coordination in Plants
centre and reflex centres for sneezing, coughing,
vomiting and swallowing. Chemical coordination in plants occurs by substances
called plant hormones or phytohormones or growth
2.4 Spinal Cord regulators. Examples :
Spinal cord is the extension of medulla oblongata of 1. Auxins are growth promoter hormones, produced
brain. Like brain, it is also protected by same three in apical meristems, young flower buds, young
meninges and the cerebrospinal fluid. On each side of leaves and developing seeds. They promote
the spinal cord, grey matter forms two horns : growth of stem, roots and fruits, promote growth
of apical bud and suppress growth of lateral buds
1. The dorsal horn or posterior horn joined by a
(apical dominance), increase rate of respiration,
sensory nerve which picks up impulses from sense
prevent premature drop of fruits and fall of leaves,
organs and brings them to spinal cord.
induce rooting in the cutting of woods stems and
2. The ventral horn or anterior horn which gives rise produce seedless fruits without fertilisation.
to motor nerve that takes the message from spinal
2. Gibberellins are also growth promoting hormones
cord to the concerned effector organ.
that cause cell elongation, elongation of inter-
Spinal cord conducts impulses to and from the nodes in dwarf varieties, break dormancy of
brain, acts as a reflex centre and controls reflex actions buds in stem tubers, inhibit development of root
Page 124 Control and Coordination Chap 7

tubers, cause parthenocarpy in apple and pear (c) Auditory receptors detect smell and olfactory
and promote flowering in long-day plants under receptors detect taste.
unfavourable short-day conditions. (d) Olfactory receptors detect taste and gustatory
3. Cytokinins cause cell division. The most receptors detect smell.
common cytokinin is Zeatin. They stimulate cell Sol :
division even in non-meristematic tissues, cause
differentiation of cells and tissues, break seed 2. Electrical impulse travels in a neuron from
dormancy, suppress apical dominance, increase
(a) Dendrite " axon " axonal end " cell body
resistance to diseases and to low and very high
temperatures, induce flowering and are required (b) Cell body " dendrite " axon " axonal end
for phloem transport in plants. (c) Dendrite " cell body " axon " axonal end
4. Ethylene is a gaseous hormone. It enhances (d) Axonal end " axon " cell body " dendrite
fruit ripening, modifies growth by inhibiting Sol :
stem elongation, causes swelling of nodes and
accelerates abscission of leaves, flowers and fruits.
3. In a synapse, chemical signal is transmitted from
5. Abscisic acid is a growth inhibitor and acts as
(a) dendritic end of one neuron to axonal end of
a stress hormone. It inhibits growth and makes
another neuron.
axillary buds to become dormant with the
approach of winter, induces dormancy of buds (b) axon to cell body the same neuron.
and seeds, promotes wilting and senescence of (c) cell body to axonal end of the same neuron.
leaves, causes abscission of flowers and fruits and
(d) axonal end of one neuron to dendritic end of
checks transpiration by closing stomata.
another neuron.
Sol :
4. HORMONES IN ANIMALS
4. In a neuron, conversion of electrical signal to a
4.1 Chemical Coordination chemical signal occurs at in
It is carried out by hormones. They are called (a) cell body (b) axonal end
chemical regulators or chemical messengers or the (c) dendritic end (d) axon
molecular messengers. Hormones are secreted by Sol :
ductless endocrine glands directly into the blood.
They are produced in one organ and influence the 5. Which is the correct sequence of the components of a
functioning of some other organ, called target organs, reflex arc ?
Hormones are slow acting and trigger specific chemical
(a) Receptors " Muscles " Sensory neuron "
and physiological processes in their target cells.
Motor neuron " Spinal cord
Chemically, hormones may be proteins, amino acids,
(b) Receptors " Motor neuron " Spinal cord "
amines or steroids. Their hyper-secretion (excess) as
Sensory neuron " Muscle
well as hypo-secretion (deficiency) results in serious
hormonal disorders. (c) Receptors " Spinal cord " Sensory neuron "
Motor neuron " Muscle
(d) Receptors " Sensory neuron " Spinal cord "
Motor neuron " Muscle.
Sol :
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
6. Which of the following statements are true ?
1. Which of the following statements is correct about (i) Sudden action in response to something in the
receptors ? environment is called reflex action.
(a) Gustatory receptors detect taste while olfactory (ii) Sensory neurons carry signals from spinal cord to
receptors detect smell. muscles.
(iii) Motor neurons carry signals from receptors to
(b) Both gustatory and olfactory receptors detect
spinal cord.
smell.
(iv) The path through which signals are transmitted
Page 125 Control and Coordination Chap 7

from a receptor to a muscle or a gland is called 13. Iodine is necessary for the synthesis of which hormone?
reflex arc. (a) Adrenaline (b) Thyroxine
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i) and (iii) (c) Auxin (d) Insulin
(c) (i) and (iv) (d) (i), (ii) and (iii) Sol :
Sol :
14. Choose the incorrect statement about insulin.
7. Which of the following statements are true about the (a) It is produced from pancreas
brain ?
(b) It regulates growth and development of the body
(i) The main thinking part of brain is hind brain.
(c) It regulates blood sugar level
(ii) Centres of hearing, smell, memory, sight etc. are
located in fore brain. (d) Insufficient secretion of insulin will cause diabetes
Sol :
(iii) Involuntary actions like salivation, vomiting,
blood pressure are controlled by the medulla in
the hind brain. 15. Select the mismatched pair
(iv) Cerebellum does not control posture and balance (a) Adrenaline : Pituitary gland
of the body (b) Testosterone : Testes
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i), (ii) and (iii) (c) Estrogen : Ovary
(c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (iii) and (iv) (d) Thyroxin : Thyroid gland
Sol : Sol :

8. Posture and balance of the body is controlled by For solutions download NODIA app.
(a) cerebrum (b) cerebellum
(c) medulla (d) pons 16. The shape of guard cells changes due to change in the
Sol : (a) protein composition of cells
(b) temperature of cells
9. Spinal cord originates from (c) amount of water in cells
(a) cerebrum (b) medulla
(d) position of nucleus in the cells
(c) pons (d) cerebellum Sol :
Sol :

17. The growth of tendril in pea plants is due to

10. The movement of shoot towards light is (a) effect of light
(a) geotropism (b) hydrotropism
(b) effect of gravity
(c) chemotropism (d) phototropism
Sol : (c) rapid cell divisions in tendrillar cells that are
away from the support

11. The main function of abscisic acid in plants is to (d) rapid cell divisions in tendrillar cells in contact
with the support
(a) increase the length of cells Sol :
(b) promote cell division
(c) inhibit growth 18. The growth of pollen tubes towards ovules is due to
(d) promote growth of stem (a) hydrotropism (b) chemotropism
Sol :
(c) geotropism (d) phototropism
Sol :
12. Which of the following is not associated with growth
of plant ? 19. The movement of sunflower in accordance with the
(a) Auxin (b) Gibberellins path of sun is due to
(c) Cytokinins (d) Abscisic acid (a) phototropism (b) geotropism
Sol :
(c) chemotropism (d) hydrotropism
Page 126 Control and Coordination Chap 7

20. The substance that triggers the fall of mature leaves 25. What is the correct direction of flow of electrical
and fruits from plants is due to impulses ?
(a) auxins (b) gibberellin
(c) abscisic acid (d) cytokinin
Sol :

21. Which of the following statements about transmission

of nerve impulse is incorrect ?
(a) Nerve impulse travels from dendritic end towards
axonal end.
(b) At the dendritic end electrical impulses bring
about the release of some chemicals which
generate an electrical impulse at the axonal end
of another neuron.
(c) The chemicals released from the axonal end of one
neuron cross the synapse and generate a similar
electrical impulse in a dendrite of another neuron.
(d) A neuron transmits electrical impulses not only to Sol :
another neuron but also to muscle and gland cells.
Sol :
26. Which statement is not true about thyroxin ?
(a) Iron is essential for the synthesis of thyroxin
22. Involuntary actions in the body are controlled by
(a) medulla in fore brain (b) It regulates carbohydrates, protein and fat
metabolism in the body
(b) medulla in mid brain
(c) Thyroid gland requires iodine to synthesise
(c) medulla in hind brain
thyroxin
(d) medulla in spinal cord
Sol : (d) Thyroxin is also called thyroid hormone.
Sol :

23. Which of the following is not an involuntary action ?

27. Dwarfism results due to
(a) Vomiting
(a) Excess secretion of thyroxin
(b) Salivation
(b) Less secretion of growth hormone
(c) Heart beat
(c) Less secretion of adrenaline
(d) Chewing
Sol : (d) Excess secretion of growth hormone
Sol :

24. When a person is suffering from severe cold, he or she

28. Dramatic changes of body features associated with
cannot
puberty are mainly because of secretion of
(a) differentiate the taste of an apple from that of an
(a) oestrogen from testes and testosterone from ovary
ice cream.
(b) estrogen from adrenal gland and testosterone
(b) differentiate the smell of a perfume from that of
from pituitary gland
an agarbatti.
(c) testosterone from testes and estrogen from ovary
(c) differentiate red light from green light
(d) testosterone from thyroid gland and estrogen
(d) differentiate a hot object from a cold object.
Sol : from pituitary gland
Sol :
For solutions download NODIA app.
Page 127 Control and Coordination Chap 7

29. A doctor advised a person to take an injection of 35. Name the plant hormones responsible for the following
insulin because (a) elongation of cells
(a) his blood pressure was low (b) growth of stem
(b) his heart was beating slowly (c) promotion of cell division
(c) he was suffering from goitre (d) falling of senescent leaves.
Sol :
(d) his sugar level in blood was high
Sol :
36. Label the endocrine glands in figure.

30. The hormone which increases the fertility in males is

called
(a) oestrogen (b) testosterone
(c) insulin (d) growth hormone

31. Which of the following endocrine glands is unpaired ?

(a) Adrenal (b) Testes
(c) Pituitary (d) Ovary
Sol :

32. Junction between two neurons is called

(a) cell junction
Sol :
(b) neuromuscular junction
(c) neural joint 37. In figure (a), (b) and (c), which appears more accurate
(d) synapse and why ?

33. In humans, the life processes are controlled and

regulated by
(a) reproductive and endocrine systems
(b) respiratory and nervous systems
(c) endocrine and digestive systems
(d) nervous and endocrine systems
Sol :

34. Label the parts (a), (b), (c) and (d) and show the
direction of flow of electrical signals in Figure.

Sol :

For solutions download NODIA app.

Sol :
Page 128 Control and Coordination Chap 7

38. Label the parts of a neuron in figure. A B C D

(d) r q s p
Sol :

41. Assertion : Plants lack the nervous system, but they

do coordinate.
Reason : It is so because of hormones.
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and
reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion
(A).
Sol : (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but
reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
39. Match the column I to column II and select the correct
answer using the codes given below: (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Column I Column II Sol :
(A) Parthenocarpy (p) Photoperiodism
(B) Apical dominance (q) Development of 42. Assertion : Reflex actions are automatic and repid
seed less fruit responses to stimuli.
(C) Extreme cold (r) Vernalization Reason : These actions are controlled by brain.
treatment (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and
(D) Response to length (s) Auxin reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion
of the day (A).
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but
reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
A B C D
assertion (A).
(a) q s r p
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(b) p q, s, r,
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
(c) r s, p, q Sol :
(d) r q s p
Sol : 43. Assertion : Cytokinins are present in highest
concentration in fruits and seeds.
40. Match the column I to column II and select the correct Reason : Cytokinins are responsible for promoting cell
answer using the codes given below: division.
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and
Column I Column II reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion
(A) Auxin (p) GA 3 (A).
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but
(B) Gibberellin (q) IAA
reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
(C) Cytokinin (r) ABA assertion (A).
(D) Dormin (s) Zeatin (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
A B C D Sol :

(a) q s r p For solutions download NODIA app.

(b) q p s, r,
(c) r s, p, q
Page 129 Control and Coordination Chap 7

44. Assertion : Abscisic acid is responsible for wilting of (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
leaves. (d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Reason : It is a growth inhibitor. Sol :
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and
reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion 48. Assertion : Phototropism is caused by auxin.
(A). Reason : When light is coming from one side of the
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but plant, auxin diffuses towards the shady side of the
reason (R) is not the correct explanation of shoot.
assertion (A). (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false. reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion
(A).
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Sol : (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but
reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
45. Assertion : Plant hormones arc growth regulator. assertion (A).
Reason : Growth regulators promote or inhibit the (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
growth. (d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and Sol :
reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion
(A). 49. Assertion : Abscisic acid is a stress hormone.
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but Reason : Stimulation of ABA occurs in adverse
reason (R) is not the correct explanation of conditions.
assertion (A). (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false. reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion
(A).
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Sol : (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but
reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
46. Assertion : Our body maintains blood sugar level. assertion (A).
Reason : Pancreas secretes insulin which helps to (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
regulate blood sugar levels in the body. (d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and Sol :
reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion
(A). 50. Assertion : Nerve impulse is a one way conduction.
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but Reason : Nerve impulse is transmitted from dendrite
reason (R) is not the correct explanation of to axon terminals.
assertion (A). (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false. reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion
(A).
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Sol : (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but
reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
47. Assertion : Auxins are in the growing tips of the plant. assertion (A).
Reason : Auxin concentration is highest at the tip of (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
the root. (d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and Sol :
reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion
(A). 51. Assertion : Units which make up the nervous system
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but are called neurons.
reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Reason : Nerve impulses are carried by dendrites
assertion (A). towards the cell body.
Page 130 Control and Coordination Chap 7

(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and 59. What do you understand by response to stimulus ?
Sol : Delhi 2012
reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion
(A).
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but 60. How do amoeba behave in warm water ?
Sol : Delhi 2018
reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
61. Why do amoeba tend to aggregate together in warm
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
water ?
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true. Sol : Comp 2013

Sol :
62. Apart from nervous system, there is another system
52. Assertion : Males have more stature than females which controls and coordinates various functions of
during puberty. the body. Name it.
Sol : AI 2010
Reason : This is because of presence of thyroxin in the
blood of females.
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and 63. A car driver suddenly applies brakes after finding that
reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion a child is crossing the road in front of his speeding car.
(A). Which organ system was the first to become operative
in this act ?
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but Sol : OD 2019

reason (R) is not the correct explanation of

assertion (A).
64. What is the action done suddenly called ?
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false. Sol : Foreign 2014

(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.

Sol : 65. Reflex actions are performed by a specific part of the
nervous system. Name it.
Sol : Delhi 2008

What is the path of reflex actions called ?

ONE MARK QUESTIONS 66.
Sol : OD 2011

67. Name the main controlling part of the nervous system.

53. Name the systems in animals which help in the process Sol : SQP 2009

of control and coordination.

Sol : Comp 2021
68. Name the bony box in which brain is protected.
Sol : Delhi 2017

54. Write the functional and structural unit of the nervous

system. 69. Write down the name of various parts of the brain.
Sol : OD 2017
Sol : AI 2014

55. Which is the largest cell in the human body ? 70. Write the name of the fluid which gives mechanical
Sol : AI 2014
support to the brain.
Sol : OD 2019

56. What are the main divisions of nervous system ?

Sol : SQP 2020
71. Which part of the human brain is responsible for
adjustment of movement and posture ?
57. What do you mean by neuron ? Sol : Delhi 2006, 15
Sol : Foreign 2011

72. We suddenly withdraw our hand when a pin pricks.

58. What are the various parts of the nervous system ? Name the type of response involved in this action.
Sol : OD 2019
Sol : AI 2008

73. Which parts of the human brain are responsible for

Page 131 Control and Coordination Chap 7

auditory reception and sensation of smell ? 87. In plants, nastic movement and breaking of dormancy
Sol : Foreign 2011
are controlled by which of the following :
phytohormone or phytochrome ?
74. Which part of the brain controls respiratory centre ? Sol : Comp 2014, 10
Sol : OD 2015

88. State the main function of abscisic acid in plants.

75. Name the part of hind brain which takes part in Sol : AI 2010

regulation of respiration.
Sol : Comp 2016
89. Name the plant hormone responsible of the promotion
of cell division.
76. Name the part of the brain which controls the Sol : Delhi 2017

involuntary activities.
Sol : Comp 2011
90. What do we call the movement of shoot towards light?
Sol : SQP 2010

77. Mention the exact part of brain which controls the

voluntary movements of muscles. 91. Name the plant hormones responsible for elongation
Sol : SQP 2018
of cells.
Sol : OD 2013

78. A person under the influence of alcoholic drink walks

clumsily. Which part of his brain is affected to show 92. Name the substances which are responsible for
this condition ? chemical coordination in animals.
Sol : SQP 2020 Sol : AI 2016

79. You are walking in a dark room. Suddenly looking at 93. Name the chemicals which transmit the informations
something snake-like lying on the floor, you jumped in animals.
on one side. What kind of action is this called ? Sol : SQP 2020
Sol : Delhi 2015

94. Name the glands which secrete these chemicals.

80. Write the full form of CSF. Sol : OD 2013
Sol : Delhi 2013

95. Name the scientists who gave the term hormone.

81. What is the full form of EEG ? Sol : Delhi 2009
Sol : OD 2011

96. The coordination and control of all the hormone-

82. Which part of the human brain is responsible for producing glands is lost in a person. Which gland in
intelligence and memory ? such an individual may have become non-functional ?
Sol : Foreign 2016 Sol : Comp 2021

83. Name the stimuli to which plants respond. 97. Name the hormone which acts opposite to glucagon.
Sol : SQP 2012 Sol : OD 2012

84. How do control and coordination take place in plants? 98. Name the endocrine glands which produce gametes.
Sol : AI 2015 Sol : Foreign 2015

85. List various phytohormones. 99. If you find a large swelling in the neck projecting
Sol : Comp 2017
outward, which category of secretions you think is
being produced in shortage ?
86. Name the substances which are involved in the control Sol : OD 2011

and coordination between environment and plant

responses. 100. Name the hormone secreted by parathyroid glands
Sol : SQP 2020
and give its one function.
Sol : Foreign 2016
For solutions download NODIA app.
Page 132 Control and Coordination Chap 7

101. Which hormone helps in lowering the level of blood 115. Name the two components of peripheral nervous
glucose in human beings ? system.
Sol : OD 2006 Sol : Foreign 2011

102. Which hormone is responsible for the development of 116. Mention the part of the brain which controls the
moustache and beard in man ? involuntary-actions like blood pressure, salivation etc.
Sol : Foreign 2011 Sol : Delhi 2016

103. Name the disease caused due to failure of insulin 117. What is a synapse ?
Sol : OD 2014
secretion.
Sol : Foreign 2008

118. Name the diseases by which a person is likely to suffer

104. Why is oxytocin called as ‘birth hormone’ ? due to deficiency of :
Sol : OD 2015
(i) Iodine,
(ii) Insulin.
105. Name two hormones of pancreatic islets. Sol : AI 2011
Sol : Delhi 2017

119. Name the plant hormone which inhibits growth. Write

106. Name one gland in the human body which secretes its one more function.
digestive enzymes as well as hormones. Sol : Delhi 2017
Sol : AI 2011, 14

120. Name the hormones that are released in human males

107. Name the disease that occurs in children due to and females when they reach puberty.
deficiency of thyroxine. Sol : OD 2019
Sol : Delhi 2013

121. Name a gland associated with brain. Which problem

108. What is exocrine gland ? is caused due to the deficiency of the hormone released
Sol : SQP 2017
by this gland ?
Sol : OD 2016

109. Give an example of a gland which is both endocrine

and exocrine. 122. Define phototropism.
Sol : OD 2015
Sol : Delhi 2014

110. Which hormone is injected to a diabetic patient and 123. Give an example of plant hormone that promote
why ? growth.
Sol : Delhi 2010
Sol : Foreign 2010

111. Name the hormone secreted by one endocrine gland 124. Give examples of Chemotropism.
during emergency. Name the gland which secretes this Sol : OD 2015

hormone.
Sol : Foreign 2013
125. Name the part of brain which controls posture and
balance of the body.
112. How does our body maintain blood sugar level ? Sol : SQP 2020
Sol : Delhi 2017

126. Name the part of the neuron where information is

113. Define feedback mechanism of hormones. acquired.
Sol : OD 2013
Sol : OD 2016

114. Name the hormones in humans which regulate 127. How brain is protected from injury and shock ?
carbohydrates, protein and fat metabolism in the Sol : Delhi 2011

body. Mention the site where it is synthesized.

Sol : OD 2016 For solutions download NODIA app.
Page 133 Control and Coordination Chap 7

128. What is the structural and functional unit of nervous 136. What are reflex actions ? Give two examples. Explain
system ? a reflex arc.
Sol : AI 2013
or
With the help of a diagram explain reflex arc and
129. Name the part of neuron through which the reflex action.
information travels as an electric impulse. Sol : Delhi 2011
Sol : Comp 2016

137. Ram has met with an accident after that he lost the
130. How is the Spinal Cord protected in human body ? capacity to
Sol : OD 2009
(i) walk in straight line.
(ii) smell anything.
131. List two body functions that will be affected if
cerebellum gets damaged. (iii) to feel full after eating. Which part of brain is
Sol : Comp 2012 damaged in each case ?
Sol : Comp 2021

132. What does the given experimental set-up demonstrate?

138. Draw diagram of human brain and label any four
parts. Write one function each of any two parts.
Sol : Foreign 2013

139. (a) What is the function of midbrain ?

(b) Name the three different parts of hind brain and
give one function of each.
Sol : OD 2017

140. What is a receptor ? Name the receptors for light,

sound and smell.
Sol : Comp 2015

141. Differentiate between motor neuron and sensory

Sol : SQP 2019
neuron.
Sol : Foreign 2006

142. Define nerve impulse.

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS Sol : OD 2011

143. Where does cerebrospinal fluid occur in our body ?

133. In a neuron : Mention its function.
Sol : Delhi 2009
(i) Where is information received ?
(ii) Through what information travels as an impulse ?
144. What is the nature of information which passes from
(iii) Where does the impulse get converted into a
one neuron to another ?
chemical signal for outward transmission ? Sol : SQP 2018
Sol : SQP 2010

145. What is electroencephalograph ?

134. (a) If the cerebellum is not functioning properly, Sol : OD 2016
what activities of our body would get affected ?
(b) How do muscle cells move ? 146. What are the functions of the forebrain ?
Sol : Delhi 2010
Sol : Foreign 2013

135. If you happened to touch a hot object, what would be 147. Give four examples of simple human reflexes.
your response ? How will it happen ? Show it with the Sol : SQP 2017

help of a diagram.
Sol : Comp 2017
Page 134 Control and Coordination Chap 7

148. On touching a hot plate, you suddenly withdraw your 159. What is chemotropism ? Give one example. Name any
hand. Which category of neurons became active first two plant hormones and mention their functions.
Sol : AI 2007
and which one next ?
Sol : OD 2019

160. What is tropism? Describe the types of tropism.

149. When your finger is accidentally pricked by a needle, Mention two differences between tropism and nastic
you instantaneously withdraw your hand. Which parts movement.
Sol : Foreign 2010
of your nervous system are involved in this response ?
Sol : Delhi 2012

161. Why are endocrine glands also called ductless glands?

Sol : SQP 2020
150. What name is given to the movement of a plant in the
direction of stimulus ? Give any three examples.
Sol : OD 2014
162. List the characteristics of hormones.
Sol : Delhi 2012

151. Differentiate between phototropism and

photoperiodism. 163. Name the endocrine glands found in human body.
Sol : Comp 2017 Sol : OD 2014

152. Differentiate between phytochrome and phytohormone. 164. Why is pituitary gland also called the master gland ?
Sol : SQP 2019 Sol : AI 2011

153. Which is the internal energy reserve in plants ? Do the 165. State the main function of pituitary gland. Write the
animals have the same energy reserve ? effect of (i) excessive and (ii) sluggish activity of this
Sol : SQP 2020
gland on the growth of a child.
Sol : Foreign 2006

154. If you keep the potted plant horizontally for 2-3 days,
what type of movements would be shown by the shoot 166. How does feedback mechanism regulate the hormone
and root after two or three days. Why ? secretion ?
Sol : OD 2010
or
Site an example to explain feedback mechanism for
155. Name various plant hormones. Give one function of regulation of hormonal secretion.
each. Sol : OD 2013
Sol : Delhi 2014

167. Name a hormone secreted by :

156. (a) Name a plant hormone that promotes cell division.
(a) Pancreas,
(b) Give an example of plant hormone that inhibits
(b) Pituitary,
growth.
Sol : Delhi 2010 (c) Thyroid
Write one function of each of the hormones.
Sol : Delhi 2010
157. (a) Which hormone is secreted when growing plants
detect light ?
168. What is endocrine gland ? Name any two endocrine
(b) Why do plants appear to bend towards light ?
glands present in a human body and write hormones
or
secreted by them.
Why does the shoot of the plant bend towards light Sol : Delhi 2008

when it is kept inside cardboard box with a small

hole. 169. Name the hormones secreted by thyroid, pancreas and
Sol : OD 2015
adrenal glands. Write a function of each hormone.
Sol : Foreign 2013

158. (a) How is movement of leaves of touch-me-not plant

and growth of stem towards light differ ? 170. Write two differences between the response of the
(b) Give a suitable example of chemotropism. plants and response of the animals to stimuli ?
Sol : Delhi 2009 Sol : OD 2017
Page 135 Control and Coordination Chap 7

171. How is our brain double protected against injuries 183. How does our body maintain blood sugar level ?
Sol : Comp 2013
and shocks ?
Sol : OD 2013

184. On touching a hot plate, you suddenly withdraw your

172. Write the functions of mid-brain. hand. Which category of neurons became active first
Sol : Delhi 2016
and which one next ?
Sol : OD 2009

173. Write any two involuntary actions performed by our

body. Which part of our brain controls there actions ? 185. Why there is comparatively delayed flow of information
Sol : OD 2012
through the brain than through spinal cord ?
Sol : Delhi 2015

174. What is a reflex arc ? Why have reflex arcs evolved

in animals ? 186. The given experimental set-up tests the response of
Sol : OD 2016, 10
different parts of plant towards gravity. Use scientific
terms for the conclusions.
175. State the role of the brain in reflex action.
Sol : OD 2013

176. A boy was not able to gain height. The doctor

diagnosed that it is due to deficiency of a hormone.
Name the hormone and the gland which secrets this
hormone. Which diseases is he suffering from ?
Sol : OD 2010, 06

177. Name the parts of the brain that perform the following
functions :
(i) Maintaining the posture and balance of the body.
(ii) Regulating blood pressure.
(iii) Sensation of hunger or feeling full.
(iv) Seeing Sol : AI 2011
Sol : AI 2011

187. A particular hormone requires iodine for its synthesis.

178. Name the glands present in the wall of the stomach Name the endocrine gland which secretes this hormone
that release secretion for digestion of food. Write the and state its location in the human body.
three components of secretion that are released by Sol : OD 2012

these glands.
Sol : OD 2015

179. Distinguish between Spinal nerve and Cranial nerve.

Sol : OD 2017
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS

180. What are the function of medulla ?

Sol : Foreign 2008 188. (a) Define hormone. Write four characteristics in
humans.
181. Distinguish between Cerebrum and Spinal Cord. (b) Name the disorder caused by the following
Sol : OD 2006
situations :
(i) Under secretion of growth hormone
182. Write the main functions of the following :
(ii) Over secretion of growth hormone
(i) Sensory neuron
(iii) Under secretion of insulin
(ii) Cranium
(iv) Deficiency of iodine.
(iii) Vertebral Column Sol : OD 2016

(iv) Motor neuron.

Sol : OD 2016 For solutions download NODIA app.
Page 136 Control and Coordination Chap 7

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS

189. (a) Draw a diagram of human brain.
(b) Label on it Cerebrum, Cerebellum.
197. Name six phenomena in plants which are regulated by
(c) What is the role of Cerebellum ? phytohormones.
Sol : Comp 2021
Sol : SQP 2020

190. Name any three endocrine glands in human body and 198. Explain the term photoperiodism.
briefly write the function of each of them. Sol : Foreign 2011
Sol : OD 2014

199. Name the hormones secreted by pituitary gland and

191. Explain the feedback mechanism to regulate the give their functions.
action of the hormones with the help of one suitable Sol : Delhi 2013

example.
Sol : Delhi 2016
200. Name the endocrine glands which secrete testosterone
and estrogen. Give functions of each of them.
192. Nervous and hormonal system together per the Sol : OD 2017

function of control and coordination in human beings.

Justify the statement.
Sol : SQP 2018 201. Adrenalin hormone secreted by adrenal gland is also
called ‘emergency hormone’. Explain.
Sol : Delhi 2010

193. How are involuntary action and reflex action different

from each other ?
Sol : Delhi 2014 202. Draw an outline of the human body and show the
location of any six endocrine glands in that.
Sol : AI 2008

194. What is ‘phototropism’ ? How does it occur in plants?

Describe an activity to demonstrate phototropism.
Sol : SQP 2020 203. Write the difference between hormone and enzyme.
Sol : AI 2006

195. Name the parts C to G on the diagram of a sensory

204. Give various functions performed by plant hormones.
neuron given here. State two ways in which this Sol : OD 2019

neuron differs from a motor neuron.

205. (a) Draw the structure of a neuron and label the
following on it :
Nucleus, Dendrite, Cell body and Axon.
(b) Name the part of neuron :
(i) where information is acquired.
(ii) through which information travels as an
electrical impulse.
Sol : Delhi 2016

Sol : OD 2019

206. (a) What is (i) phototropism and (ii) geotropism ?

With labelled diagrams describe an activity to
196. A motor cycle rider without helmet just an accident
show that light and gravity change the direction
and suffered a spinal cord injury. In this case which
that plant parts grow in.
signals will get disrupted and why ?
Sol : Delhi 2016 (b) Mention the role of each of the following plant
hormones :
For solutions download NODIA app. (i) Auxin,
(ii) Abscisic acid.
Sol : SQP 2018
Page 137 Control and Coordination Chap 7

207. Give five functions performed by the plant hormones.

Sol : OD 2019

208. (a) What are hormones ? List any three characteristics

of hormones.
(b) Name the hormones that perform the following
functions :
(i) Development of secondary sexual characters
in females.
(ii) Regulation of carbohydrate and protein
metabolism in the body. (i) Name the given figure and identify the labelled
(iii) Increase the blood glucose level. part Q and R.
(iv) Regulation of growth and development of the (ii) Which region is responding for pain and conscious
body. association ?
Sol : Delhi 2015
(iii) Give two functions of the part ‘P’.
(iv) Facial muscular activities and auditory reception
209. Give a reason to explain why : are respectively controlled by
(i) adrenaline helps in dealing emergency situations? Sol :
(ii) secretions of growth hormone should be specific in
the human body ? 211. Nastic movements in plants are not directional
(iii) some patients of diabetes are treated by giving movements. They are not dependent on the stimulus
injections of insulin ? and are growth independent. For example, the leaves
Sol : AI 2012 of a touch me not plant (Mimosa pudica), fold up
immediately when touched. These kinds of changes
For solutions download NODIA app. occur due to the changes in the amount of water in the
leaves. Depending on the quantity, they either swell
up or shrink. Plant hormones or phytohormones are
responsible for the control and coordination of plants.
There are different types of hormones, which affect
COMPETENCEY BASED QUESTIONS the growth of a plant. Phytohormones are chemical
compounds which are released by stimulated cells.
These hormones are diffused around the plant cells.
210. The human brain is the command centre for the They have a role in the cell division, cell enlargement,
human nervous system. It receives signals from the cell differentiation, fruit growth, falling of leaves,
body’s sensory organs and outputs information to ripening of fruits, ageing of plants etc.
the muscles. The human brain has the same basic
structure as other mammal brains but is larger in
relation to body size than the brains of many other
mammals, such as dolphins, whales and elephants.
The human brain weighs about 3 lbs. (1.4
kilograms) and makes up about 2% of a humans
body weight. On average, male brains are about
10% larger than female brains, according to North-
western Medicine in Illinois. The average male has a
brain volume of nearly 78 cubic inches (1,274 cubic
centimetres), while the average female brain has
a volume of 69 cubic inches (1,131 cubic cm). The
cerebrum, which is the main part of the brain located
in the front area of the skull, makes up 85% of the
brain’s weight. (i) Name the phenomenon called for the movement
in growth of plants.
Page 138 Control and Coordination Chap 7

(ii) What do you mean by nastic movement ? 213. The brain directs our body’s internal functions. It also
(iii) What are the different types of harmonies of integrates sensory impulses and information to form
plants ? perceptions, thoughts and memories. The brain gives
(iv) The plant harmone help in the cell growth at the us self awareness and the ability to speak and move
shoot tips by elongating the cells and help in the in the world.
growth process is :
Sol :

212. The communication between the central nervous

system and the other parts of the body is facilitated
by the peripheral nervous system consisting of cranial
nerves arising from the brain and spinal nerves arising
from the spinal cord. The brain thus allows us to
think and take actions based on that thinking.
The brain has three such major parts or regions,
namely the fore-brain, mid-brain and hind-brain.
The fore-brain is the main thinking part of the brain.
It has regions which receive sensory impulses from
various receptors. Separate areas of the fore-brain are
specialised for hearing, smell, sight and so on. There
are separate areas of association where this sensory
information is interpreted by putting it together
with information from other receptors as well as with
information that is already stored in the brain. Based (i) The brain is divided into three major subclasses.
on all this, a decision is made about how to respond Name these subclasses.
and the information is passed on to the motor areas (ii) Name the part of the brain that is responsible for
which control the movement of voluntary muscles. maintaining body posture.
(iii) Name the part of the brain that has the reflex
centres for sneezing and vomiting.
(iv) Is brain the part of the central nervous system or
peripheral nervous system ?
Sol :

214. Study the table and answer the following questions :

Category Systolic Diastolic

Optimal < 120 < 80
Normal 120-129 80-84
High 130-139 85-89
(i) Which system facilitates the communication (i) What are systolic and diastolic blood pressures ?
between the central nervous system and the other
(ii) Which blood vessel is known to have the lowest
parts of the body ?
blood pressure ?
(ii) What is the role of the brain ?
(iii) Define the term sphygmomanometer.
(iii) What are three parts of the human brain ?
(iv) What is the meaning of blood pressure ?
(iv) Which is the main thinking part of the brain ? Sol :
Sol :

For solutions download NODIA app. 215. Plant hormones affect gene expression and
transcription levels, cellular division and growth. They
are naturally produced within plants, but very similar
chemicals are produced by fungi and bacteria that can
Page 139 Control and Coordination Chap 7

also affect plant growth. A large number of related 216. All humans have a basic need to control and coordinate
chemical compounds are synthesized by humans. all the movements occurring in them. One of the most
They are used to regulate the growth of cultivated important requirements of controlling all the factors of
plants, weeds and in vitro-grown plants and plant the body is a system of rapid communication. All the
cells; these man-made compounds are called plant cells, tissues and organs do not work independently.
growth regulators or PGRs for short. Plant hormones They work together as one team. For example, during
are not nutrients, but chemicals that in small amounts the process of ingestion the eyes locate food, nose
promote and influence the growth, development and register smell, hands pick up the food, mouth opens
differentiation of cells and tissues. The biosynthesis of to eat it, teeth chew it and saliva masticates it. So you
plant hormones within plant tissues is often diffused can see so many parts are involved in a single task.
and not always localized. Plants lack glands to But there has to be coordination between them. This
produce and store hormones, because, unlike animals coordination is known as control and coordination.
which have two circulatory systems (lymphatic and The whole body systems are interconnected and work
cardiovascular) powered by a heart that moves fluids like a team. For control and coordination there is a
around the body. Plants use more passive means to system inside our body which is known as the nervous
move chemicals around their bodies. Plants utilize system and the hormonal system.
simple chemicals as hormones, which move more Cells of the nervous system are called neurons
easily through their tissues. They are often produced which are the largest cells in body. It consist of 3
and used on a local basis within the plant body. Plant parts namely Axon, Dendrite and cyton. The irregular
cells produce hormones that affect different regions of structure is called a cell body that encloses a nucleus in
the cell producing the hormone. the neoplasm. From the cell body small branches arise
Different hormones can be sorted into different on the upper side called the dendrite. On the lower
classes, depending on their chemical structures. side it gives out only one branch that is elongated and
Within each class of hormone the exact structures is called the axon. Our body contains three types of
vary, but they have similar physiological effects. nerves which are sensory nerve, motor nerve and relay
Initial research into plant hormones identified five nerve. Neurons are of two types namely medullated
major classes : abscisic acid, auxin, cytokinins, neuron and non-medullated neuron.
ethylene and gibberellins. This list was later expanded
and brassinosteroids, jasmonates, salicylic acid and
strigolactones are now considered as major plant
hormones.

(i) How does axon look like ?

(ii) Which is the system responsible for control and
coordination inside our body ?
(iii) How many types of neurons are there? What are
they ?
Sol :
(i) What are the factors affected by the plant
hormones ? 217. The human brain is the central organ of the human
(ii) What does PGR stands for ? nervous system and with the spinal cord makes up
(iii) Which class does plant hormones fall into ? the central nervous system. The brain consists of
(iv) What were the five major plant hormones the cerebrum, the brain-stem and the cerebellum. It
discovered in the initial research ? controls most of the activities of the body, processing,
Sol : integrating and coordinating the information it receives
from the sense organs and making decisions as to the
Page 140 Control and Coordination Chap 7

instructions sent to the rest of the body. The brain is 218. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located
contained in and protected by, the skull bones of the at the base of your neck just below the Adam’s apple.
head. The cerebrum is the largest part of the human It is part of an intricate network of glands called the
brain. It is divided into two cerebral hemispheres. endocrine system. The endocrine system is responsible
The cerebral cortex is an outer layer of grey matter, for coordinating many of your body’s activities. The
covering the core of white matter. The cortex is split thyroid gland manufactures hormones that regulate
into the neocortex and the much smaller allocortex. your body’s metabolism.
The neocortex is made up of six neuronal layers, while Several different disorders can arise when your
the allocortex has three or four. Each hemisphere is thyroid produces too much hormone (hyperthyroidism)
conventionally divided into four lobes – the frontal, or not enough (hypothyroidism). Four common
temporal, parietal and occipital lobes. The frontal disorders of the thyroid are Hashimoto’s disease,
lobe is associated with executive functions including Graves’ disease, goitre and thyroid nodules.
self-control, planning, reasoning and abstract thought, In hyperthyroidism, the thyroid gland is
while the occipital lobe is dedicated to vision. The brain overactive. It produces too much of its hormone.
is protected by the skull, suspended in cerebrospinal Hyperthyroidism affects about 1 percent of women.
fluid and isolated from the bloodstream by the blood It’s less common in men.
brain barrier. However, the brain is still susceptible
Graves’ disease is the most common cause of
to damage, disease and infection. Damage can be
hyperthyroidism, affecting about 70 percent of people
caused by trauma, or a loss of blood supply known
with an overactive thyroid. Nodules on the thyroid – a
as a stroke. The brain is susceptible to degenerative
condition called toxic nodular goitre or multinodular
disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, dementias
goitre can also cause the gland to overproduce its
including Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis.
hormones.
Psychiatric condition, including schizophrenia and
Excessive thyroid hormone production leads to
clinical depression, are thought to be associated with
symptoms such as : restlessness nervousness, racing
brain dysfunctions. The brain can also be the site of
heart, irritability, increased sweating, shaking,
tumours, both benign and malignant; these mostly
anxiety, trouble sleeping, thin skin, brittle hair and
originate from other sites in the body. The study of
nails, muscle weakness, weight loss, bulging eyes (in
the anatomy of the brain is neuroanatomy, while the
Graves’ disease).
study of its function is neuroscience.
(i) What is thyroid gland ?
(ii) What is the function of the thyroid gland ?
(iii) Name some common disorders of the thyroid.
(iv) Give some symptoms of hyperthyroidism.
Sol :

219. Touching a hot object is an urgent and dangerous

situation for us. We need to detect it and respond to
it. All information from our environment is detected
by the specialized tips of some nerve cells. These
receptors are usually located in our sense organs, such
as the inner ear, the nose, the tongue and so on. So,
gustatory receptors will detect taste while olfactory
receptors will detect smell. This information, acquired
at the end of the dendritic tip of a nerve cell sets off
(i) Which is the central part of the nervous system? a chemical reaction that creates an electrical impulse.
(ii) What are the functions of the brain? This impulse travels from the dendrite to the cell
(iii) What is the largest part of the human brain? body and then along the axon to its end. At the end of
(iv) What is the branch which studies the anatomy of axon, the electrical impulse sets off the release of some
brain? chemicals. These chemicals cross the gap or synapse
Sol : and start a similar electrical impulse in a dendrite
of the next neuron. This is a general scheme of how
For solutions download NODIA app.
Page 141 Control and Coordination Chap 7

nervous impulses travel in the body.

(i) Which type of cells detects the information from

our environment ?
(ii) What is the role of gustatory receptors and
olfactory receptors ?
(iii) What is the tip of a nerve cell called ?
(iv) What is the type of signal used by the nervous
system to transmit messages ?
Sol :

For solutions download NODIA app.

220. Different plant hormones help to coordinate growth,

development and responses to the environment. They (i) What do plant hormones do ?
are synthesized at places away from where they (ii) Which hormone is synthesized at the at the shoot
act and simply diffuse to the area of action. When tip ?
growing plants detect light, a hormone called auxin, (iii) Which hormone stimulates the growth of the
synthesized at the shoot tip, helps the cells to grow stem?
longer. When light is coming from one side of the
(iv) What hormone inhibits the growth of a plant?
plant, auxin diffuses towards the shady side of the
What are its effects ?
shoot. This concentration of auxin stimulates the cells Sol :
to grow longer on the side of the shoot which is away
from light. Thus, the plants appears to bend towards
221. Adrenaline hormone is released in the body during
light.
stress or emergency situations. It generates several
Another example of a plant hormone is gibberellins
responses which together enable the body to deal with
which, like auxins, help in the growth of the stem.
a situation. Given below is a table to the possible
Cytokinins promote cell division and it is natural
effects of adrenaline hormone on liver glycogen and
then that they are present in greater concentration in
blood as a result of increased adrenaline secretion
areas of rapid cell division, such as in fruits and seeds.
glucose.
These are examples of plant hormones that help in
promoting growth. But plants also need signals to stop Concentration of Concentration of glucose
growing. Abscisic acid is one example of a hormone glycogen in the liver in the blood
which inhibits growth. Its effects include wilting of
Decrease Increase
leaves.
Increase Increase
No effect Decrease
Page 142 Control and Coordination Chap 7

(i) Identify the gland from which the adrenaline Table-B

hormone is secreted.
(ii) Which of the following options given in table Time of Blood Pressure
above correctly depicts the effect of adrenaline on Measurement
blood glucose ? Patient–X Patient–Y
Sol :
Morning 75–115 85–125

222. In humans, the hypothalamus secretes thyrotropin- Afternoon 79–122 80–120

releasing hormone (TRH). It stimulates the pituitary Evening 82–132 75–110
to produce TSH which in turn stimulates the secretion
(i) In the table B, at which time patent–Y have ideal
of thyroid hormones. When thyroid hormones
normal blood pressure ?
have reached high levels, they feedback to stop the
hypothalamus from secreting TRH and pituitary from (ii) Identify the patient, which have hypertension
secreting TSH. Without the stimulation form these stage-1 blood pressure ?
hormones, thyroid gland stops producing its hormones (iii) Which Diet is the best for high blood pressure
and soon their level falls low. patient ?
(i) What does the above scenario represent in terms (iv) What is the ideal blood pressure measurement of
of hormone regulation ? a human ?
Sol :
(ii) State the principle behind the above mention
mechanism of hormonal control.
224. Questions are based on the two tables given below.
(iii) Create a situation using insulin as an example
Study this table and answer the questions that follows.
to depict the same mechanism of regulation
discussed above. Table A : Normal Blood Pressure
(iv) What would happen if thyroid secretion is left
Systolic Pressure Diastolic Pressure Pressure Range
unregulated in the body and decreases to a very
low level ? (mm Hg) (mm Hg)
Sol :
130 85 High Normal
Blood Pressure
223. Questions are based on the two table given below. 120 80 Normal Blood
Study these tables related to blood pressure level and Pressure
answer the question that follow :
Table-A 110 75 Low Normal
Blood Pressure
BLOOD SYSTOLIC mm DIASTOLIC
PRESSURE Hg mm Hg Table B : Approx. Ideal BP According to Age Chart
CATEGORY (Upper number) (Lower number)
Age Female Male
Normal 120 80
10 111/73 112/73
Elevated 120–129 Less than 80 13 117/75 117/76
High Blood 130–139 80–90 14 120/75 119/77
Pressure
15 120/76 120/78
(Hypertension)
Stage 1 19-24 120/79 120/79
High Blood 140 or higher 90 or higher 25-29 120/80 121/80
Pressure 30-35 122/81 123/82
(Hypertension)
Stage 2 40-45 124/83 125/83
Hypertensive Higher than 180 Higher than 120 50-55 129/85 128/85
crisis (consult 60+ 134/84 135/88
your doctor
immediately) (i) Refer to Table B showing the blood pressure of
Page 143 Control and Coordination Chap 7

male and female. Infer the disease which can be Table B : Blood Pressure report of a Patient
diagnosed in a boy of 14 years who have same
blood pressure as a 60 year old man. Checking Time Systolic Diastolic
(ii) Identify the hormone whose level in the blood is (mm of Hg) (mm of Hg)
responsible for raise in blood pressure in certain Blood pressure 130-150 100-120
situations. for a week
Sol :
(i) Refer Table B that shows the blood pressure report
of a patient. Which disease can be diagnosed from
225. Questions are based on the two tables given below
the given data ?
and the related studied concepts. Study them and
answer the questions that follow. (ii) What is meant by systolic pressure ?
(iii) Refer Table A and find out the normal blood
Table A: Blood Glucose Chart pressure value ?
Remarks Mean Blood Glucose (iv) Which part of the brain controls blood pressure ?
Level (mg/dL) (v) Which instrument is used to measure blood
Doctor’s advice required 200–400 pressure ?
Sol :
Good 100–140
Excellent 80–100 227. Ramesh’s friend was diabetic and every day before her
meal in the recess she had to check her sugar level. To
Table B: Blood report of Patient monitor it at times she used to take injections also.
Checking Time Blood Sugar Range Ramesh was very fond of sweets but she never carried
(mg/dL) any sweets in her tiffin. They both shared each other’s
tiffin.
Fasting (before breakfast) > 126 (a) What is the cause of diabetes ?
Just after eating > 220 (b) What helps in the digestion of sugar ?
Sol :
3 hours after eating > 200
(i) Refer Table B that shows the blood sugar level of 228. A group of students studied that many people suffered
a patient. Which disease can be diagnosed from with a disease called Goitre. Students brought iodised
the given data ? salt packets and advised people to eat the same.
(ii) Which hormone is responsible for the disease (a) Which hormone deficiency leads to the Goitre ?
diagnosed ?
(b) Name one disease caused due to deficiency of
(iii) Which of the following glands secretes the hormone other than Goitre.
hormone identified in (ii) ? Sol :
(iv) What would be the diagnosis of a patient whose
blood sugar level 120 mg/dL just after eating ?
Sol : ***********

226. Questions are based on the two tables given below

and the related studied concepts. Analyse the tables
related to blood pressure of a patient and answer the
questions that follow.
Table A : Blood Pressure Chart

Remarks Systolic Diastolic

(mm of Hg) (mm of Hg)
Doctor’s advice 200-400 100 or higher
required
Good 100-140 80-89
Excellent 120 80