Blood Chemistry

BLOOD CHEMISTRY
NORMAL TEST Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) VALUE* 7-18 mg/dL CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Increased in renal disease and dehydration; decreased in liver damage and malnutrition Carbon dioxide (CO2) (includes bicarbonate) 23-30 mmol/L Useful to evaluate acid-base balance by measuring total carbon dioxide in the blood: Elevated in vomiting and pulmonary disease; decreased in diabetic acidosis, acute renal failure, and hyperventilation Chloride (Cl) 98-106 mEq/L Increased in dehydration, hyperventilation, and congestive heart failure; decreased in vomiting,diarrhea, and fever Creatinine 0.6-1.2 mg/dL Produced at a constant rate and excreted by the kidney; increased in kidney disease Glucose Fasting: 70110 mg/dL Random: 85-125 mg/dL Potassium (K) 3.5-5 mEq/L Increased in diabetes and severe illness; decreased in insulin overdose or hypoglycemia Increased in renal failure, extensive cell damage, and acidosis; decreased in vomiting, diarrhea, and excess administration of diuretics or IV fluids Sodium (Na) 101-111 mEq/L or 135-148 mEq/L (depending on test) Increased in dehydration and diabetes insipidus; decreased in overload of IV fluids, burns,diarrhea, or vomiting Alanine aminotransferase 10-40 U/L Used to diagnose and monitor
(ALT)
treatment of liver disease and to monitor the effects of drugs on the liver; increased in myocardial infarction
Albumin
3.8-5.0 g/dL
Albumin holds water in blood; decreased in liver disease and kidney disease
Albumin-globulin ratio (A/G ratio)
Greater than 1
Low A/G ratio signifies a tendency for edema because globulin is less effective than albumin at holding water in the blood
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
20-70 U/L (varies by method)
Enzyme of bone metabolism; increased in liver disease and metastatic bone disease
Amylase
21-160 U/L
Used to diagnose and monitor treatment of acute pancreatitis and to detect inflammation of the salivary glands
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
0-41 U/L (varies)
Enzyme present in tissues with high metabolic activity; increased in myocardial infarction and liver disease
Bilirubin, total
0.2-1.0 mg/dL
Breakdown product of hemoglobin from red blood cells; increased when excessive red blood cells are being destroyed or in liver disease
Calcium (Ca)
8.8-10.0 mg/dL
Increased in excess parathyroid hormone production and in cancer; decreased in alkalosis, elevated phosphate in renal failure, and excess IV fluids
Cholesterol
120-220 mg/dL desirable range
Screening test used to evaluate risk of heart disease; levels of 200 mg/dL or above indicate
increased risk of heart disease and warrant further investigation Creatine phosphokinase (CPK or CK) Men: 38174 U/L Women: 96-140 U/L Elevated enzyme level indicates myocardial infarction or damage to skeletal muscle. When elevated,specific fractions (isoenzymes) are tested for Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) Men: 6-26 U/L Women: 418 U/L Globulins 2.3-3.5 g/dL Used to diagnose liver disease and to test for chronic alcoholism Proteins active in immunity; help albumin keep water in blood Iron, serum (Fe) Men: 75175 g/dL Women:65165 /dL High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) Men: 30-70 mg/dL Women:3085 mg/dL Lactic dehydrogenase(LDH or LD) 95-200 U/L (Normal ranges vary greatly) Enzyme released in many kinds of tissue damage, including myocardial infarction, pulmonary infarction, and liver disease Lipase 4-24 U/L (varies with test) Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) Magnesium (Mg) 80-140 mg/dL 1.3-2.1 mEq/L Enzyme used to diagnose pancreatitis Used to evaluate the risk of heart disease Vital in neuromuscular function; decreased levels may occur in malnutrition, alcoholism, pancreatitis, diarrhea Phosphorus ((Page*)) (inorganic) 2.7-4.5 mg/dL Evaluated in response to calcium; main store is in bone: elevated in kidney disease; decreased in excess Uric acid Men: 3.57.2 mg/dL Women:2.66.0 mg/dL Triglycerides Men: 40160 mg/dL Women: 35-135 mg/dL Triiodothyronine (T3) 120-195 mg/dL Decreased in iron deficiency and anemia; increased in hemolytic conditions Used to evaluate the risk of heart disease Thyroidstimulatinghormone (TSH) 0.5-6 mlU/L Serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) Thyroxin (T4) 5-12.5 g/dL (varies) > > Protein, total 6-8 g/dL
parathyroid hormone Increased in dehydration, multiple myeloma;decreased in kidney disease, liver disease, poor nutrition, severe burns, excessive bleeding See Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) See Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) Screening test of thyroid function; increased in hyperthyroidism; decreased in myxedema and hypothyroidism Produced by pituitary to promote thyroid gland function; elevated when thyroid gland is not functioning Elevated in specific types of hyperthyroidism An indication of ability to metabolize fats; increased triglycerides and cholesterol indicate high risk of atherosclerosis Produced by breakdown of ingested purines in food and nucleic acids; elevated in kidney disease, gout, and leukemia

Blood Chemistry

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BLOOD CHEMISTRY

Albumin-globulin ratio (A/G ratio)

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

20-70 U/L (varies by method)

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)

0-41 U/L (varies)

120-220 mg/dL desirable range

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