SUBMITTED TO:

MUHAMMAD NAWAZ
SUBMITTED BY:

EMAN AMIR
(FSAT51F23RO21)
ANISA NAWAZ (FSAT51F23R002)

MARYAM ZAHRA(FSAT51F23R004)

ASMA AKBAR (FSAT51F23R014)

AMMARA DILDAR (FSAT51F23R036)

SCIENCE OF SOCIETY
JAZIL FAISAL(FSAT51F23R037)
GENDER DISCRIMINATION IN PAKISTAN:

What is Gender discrimination?

Gender discrimination refers to any situation where a person is treated
differently because they are male or female, rather than based on their competency or proficiency
 Gender discrimination harms all of society and negatively impacts the economy, education, health and
life expectancy. Women and girls are most likely to experience the negative impacts of gender
discrimination. It includes inadequate educational opportunities, low status in society and lack of
freedom to take decisions for self and family

Discrimination in Pakistan:

 Likewise, gender discrimination is one of the human rights issues in Pakistan and is
affecting huge proportion of women in the country.
 In Pakistan, nearly 50% of the women lacks basic education
 In addition, women in Pakistan have lower health and nutritional status
 Furthermore, most of the women are restricted in their homes with minimal or no rights
to make choices, judgments, and decisions, that directly affect their living conditions and
other familial aspects

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  In contrast, men are considered dominant in the Pakistani society. This subordination of
women has negative influences on different stages of women’s life.

Some important aspects related to gender inequality are

(1) Status of Women in Society:

The Pakistani women often face gender inequality Women are seen as a sexual
object who are not allowed to take decision for self or their family. However, the male is seen as a symbol of
power. Due to male ownership and the patriarchal structure of the Pakistani society women are submissive to
men, their rights are ignored, and their identity is lost. Out of twenty, nine studies reported that a female cannot
take an independent decision, someone else decides on her behalf, mainly father before marriage then-husband

(2) Gender inequality in health:

Gender disparity in health is obvious in Pakistan. Women suffer from neglect of health and nutrition.
They don’t have reproductive health rights, appropriate prenatal and postnatal care, and decision-making power
for birth spacing those results in maternal mortality and morbidity Women cannot take decision for her and her
children's health; she doesn’t have access to quality education and health services

(3) Gender inequality in education:

Low investment in girls’ education has been reported
in almost all the papers reviewed. The major reason for low
investment is low returns from girls, as boys are perceived to be
potential head of the house and future bread winner One of the
case study reports, people believe, Muslim women should be
brought up in a way that they can fulfill the role of a good
daughter, wife, and a mother; and education can have a “bad
influence” to develop these characteristics in women . If girls
are educated, they become less obedient and evil and don’t take
interest in household chores that is the primary responsibility of
her

(4) Gender biased social norms and cultural practices

 The gender discrimination is deeply rooted in the Pakistani society. The gender disparity
in Pakistan is evident at household level.
 It includes Distribution of food, education, health care, early and forced marriages,
denial of inheritance right, mobility restriction, abuse, and violence.
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  Furthermore, the birth of a boy child is celebrated, and the girl is seen as a burden.
Likewise, household chores are duty of a female, and she cannot demand or expect any
reward for it. On the other hand, male work has socio-economic value
 Furthermore, the female has limited decision making power and most of the decisions are
done by male figures in a family or a leader of the tribe or community who is always a
male.

GENDER SENSITIVE SOCIETY

Gender sensitization:
 It is the process of making people aware of gender equality or the lack of
to the need to eliminate gender discrimination.
 It involves understanding and challenging the existing gender roles, stereotypes, and
biases that are prevalent in society.
 Gender sensitization aims to create a more equal and just society where individuals are
not discriminated against based on their gender.
The goal of gender sensitization is to address issues in gender equality and encourage
participants to pursue solutions. This can be achieved by conducting various sentization
campaigns, training centers, workshops, programs, etc.

 Left symbol is VENUS for females and right symbol is for MARS males

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SOCIAL SCIENCES:

Social science is interlinked with gender empowerment. Gender sensitization theories claim
that modification of the behavior of teachers and parents (etc.) towards children can have a
causal effect on gender equality. This is because gender identity and gender roles begin to
develop in children at the age of 2-3 years old

How can it be achieved?

Gender sensitization can be achieved through various means, including education, training,
and awareness-raising campaigns. It can be integrated into school curricula, workplace
policies, and community programs. The aim is to create a culture where individuals are aware
of gender issues and actively work towards gender equality

SENSITIVE SOCIETY:

 A gender-sensitive society is one that recognizes, respects, and values the diversity of
gender identities and expressions.
 It's a society where individuals are treated equally regardless of their gender, where
stereotypes and biases based on gender are challenged and eliminated, and where
everyone has equal opportunities and access to resources, regardless of gender.
 This includes promoting gender equality in areas such as education, employment,
healthcare, politics, and social interactions.

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 Gender Stereotypes
These are preconceived ideas about how people of different genders should behave,
dress, or think. Gender-sensitive societies work to challenge and break down these
stereotypes to allow individuals to express themselves authentically.

GENDER MAINSTREAMING
Gender mainstreaming is a strategy to promote gender equality and address gender disparities in various
areas of life, including:

Politics
Economy
Education
Healthcare
Social services

Goal of gender mainstreaming:

- Women and men have equal rights and opportunities

- Gender equality is a core aspect of all policies and programs
- Everyone can reach their full potential, regardless of gender

Importance of mainstreaming:

- It helps address gender-based discrimination and violence

- It promotes more inclusive and effective policies and programs
- It supports economic growth and sustainable development
- It enhances human rights and social justice
Area where it is applied:

- Education: ensuring equal access to quality education for girls and boys
- Employment: promoting equal pay and opportunities for women and men
- Healthcare: addressing specific health needs of women and girls
- Political participation: increasing women’s representation in politics and decision-making
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 WOMENS PARTICIPATION IN POLITICS

Women’s participation in politics is essential for gender equality and a healthy democracy. However,
women are underrepresented in political positions globally. Here are some key statistics and
challenges:

Statistics:
 Worldwide, only 26% of parliamentarians are women (as of 2022).
 In the United States, women hold 28% of state legislative seats and 24% of
congressional seats (as of 2022).
 In Pakistan, women hold 20% of parliamentary seats (as of 2022).

Challenges:
a. Social and cultural barriers
b. Limited access to education and economic resources
c. Gender bias and stereotypes
d. Lack of mentorship and support networks
e. Violence and harassment against women in politics

Benefits of women’s participation in politics:

1.More diverse perspectives and representation
2.Improved policy decisions and outcomes
3.Enhanced accountability and transparency
4.ncreased political engagement and participation
5.Role models and inspiration for future generations

Strategies to increase women’s participation in politics:

- Quotas and affirmative action policies
- Political training and leadership programs

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- Mentorship and support networks
- Addressing violence and harassment
- Encouraging political participation and voting

Empowering women in politics leads to a more inclusive and equitable society,

better representing the diverse needs and perspectives of all citizens.

INSPIRATING WOMEN OF PAKISTAN

( FIRST FEMALE DENTIST)

(FIRST FEMAE PRIME MINISTER)

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YASMIN RASHID (PROVINCIAL MINISTER OF HEALTH)

SHERY REHMAN( HER ADVOCACY ON ISSUE REKATED TO HUMAN RIGHTS)

Gender issue in education and economy

Gender issues in education and the economy are complex and interconnected, with far-reaching
consequences for individuals, communities, and societies as a whole. Here are some key gender issues
in education and the economy:

Education:
1. Gender gap in enrollment: In many countries, girls are less likely to be
enrolled in school than boys.
2. Gender bias in curriculum: Curriculum materials often perpetuate
gender stereotypes and reinforce traditional gender roles.
3. Gender-based violence: Girls and women may face sexual harassment,
bullying, and violence in educational settings.
4. Limited access to STEM fields: Girls and women are underrepresented
in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields.
5. Teacher gender bias: Teachers may hold gender biases that influence
their expectations and treatment of students.

Economy:
1. Gender pay gap: Women earn less than men on average, even when controlling for
education and experience.
2. Occupational segregation: Women are underrepresented in high-paying fields and
overrepresented in low-paying fields.
3. Limited access to credit and capital: Women face barriers in accessing credit,
loans, and other economic resources.
4. Unpaid care work: Women disproportionately bear the burden of unpaid care work,
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 limiting their economic opportunities.
5. Gender-based discrimination: Women may face discrimination in hiring,
promotion, and job security.

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