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Multiplying Polynomials

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chelsea.joloya13
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8 views

Multiplying Polynomials

Uploaded by

chelsea.joloya13
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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In this lesson, students should be able to:


1) multiply polynomials such as;
a) monomial by monomial,
b) monomial by polynomial with more than one term,
c) binomial by binomial,
d) polynomial with more than one term to polynomial with three or more terms.
2) solve problems involving multiplying polynomials. 2
Rules in Multiplying Polynomials
A. To multiply a monomial by another monomial, simply
multiply the numerical coefficients then multiply the literal
coefficients by applying the basic laws of exponent.
Examples:
1) (x3)(x5) = x8
2) (3x2)(-5x10) = ( 3•-5 ) ( x2•x10)
= -15x12

( -8•-9 ) ( x2•x)( y3•y8) = 72x3y11


3) (-8x2y3)(-9xy8) =
Rules in Multiplying Polynomials
B. To multiply monomial by a polynomial, simply apply the
distributive property and follow the rule in multiplying
monomial by a monomial.
Examples:
1) 3x (x2 – 5x + 7) =(3x•x2) (3x•-5x) (3x•7)
= 3x3 - 15x2 + 21x
2) -5x y
2 3 (2x y–3x+4y )=
2 5 (-5x2y3•2x2y) (-5x2y3•-3x)(-5x2y3•4y5)

= -10x4y4 + 15x3y3 - 20x2y8


FOIL METHOD OR SMILE METHOD
C. To multiply binomial by another binomial, simply distribute the first term of the
first binomial to each term of the other binomial then distribute the second term
to each term of the other binomial and simplify the results by combining similar
terms.
Example: First =(x•x) = x2
1) ( x + 3 ) ( x + 5 ) Outer =(x•5)= 5x
First Inner =(3•x)= 3x
Outer Last =(3•5) =15
Inner
(x2+5x+3x+15)
Last
x +8x+15
2
Rules in Multiplying Polynomials
D. To multiply a polynomial with more than one term by a polynomial with
three or more terms, simply distribute the first term of the first
polynomial to each term of the other polynomial. Repeat the procedure up
to the last term and simplify the results by combining similar terms.
Example:
1) (x – 3)(x2 – 2x + 3) = x(x2 – 2x + 3) – 3(x2 – 2x + 3)
= x3 – 2x2 + 3x – 3x2 + 6x – 9
= x3 – 5x2 + 9x – 9
Rules in Multiplying Polynomials
Example:
2) (x2 + 3x – 4)(4x3 + 5x – 1)
= x (4x
2 3 + 5x – 1) + 3x(4x 3 + 5x – 1) - 4(4x3 + 5x – 1)
= 4x5 + 5x3 – x2 + 12x4 + 15x2 – 3x – 16x3 – 20x + 4

= 4x5 + 12x4 – 11x3 + 14x2 – 23x + 4


Example:
3) (2x – 3)(3x + 2)(x2 – 2x – 1)
= 2x(3x + 2) – 3(3x + 2) (x2 – 2x – 1)
= (6x2 + 4x – 9x – 6) (x2 – 2x – 1)
= (6x2 – 5x – 6)(x2 – 2x – 1)
= 6x2(x2 – 2x – 1) – 5x(x2 – 2x – 1)– 6(x2 – 2x – 1)
= 6x4 – 12x3 – 6x2 – 5x3 + 10x2 + 5x – 6x2 +12x + 6
= 6x4 – 17x3 – 2x2 + 17x + 6
Examples: Cube of a Binomial
A} (x + y)3 = x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3
B} (x – y)3 = x3 – 3x2y + 3xy2 – y3

Example # 1 : (2x + 5)3


= (2x) + 3(2x) (5) + 3(2x)(5) + (5)
3 2 2 3

= 8x 3 + 60x + 150x + 125


2
Example # 2 : (3x – 2y) 3

= (3x)3 – 3(3x)2(2y) + 3(2x)(2y)2 – (2y)3


= 27x – 54x y + 24xy – 8y
3 2 2 3
Examples: Square of a Trinomial
A} (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 +c2 + 2ab +2ac + 2bc
Example # 1 : (x + 2y + 5z)2

= (x)
+2 (2y)
+ 2 (5z)
+ 2(x)(2y) + 2(x)(5z) + 2(2y)(5z)
2

= (x)2 + 4y2 + 25z2 + 4xy + 10xz + 20yz


Example # 2 : (2x – 3y + z) 2

= (2x) + (–3y) + (z) + 2(2x)(–3y) + 2(2x)(z) + 2(–3y)(z)


2 2 2

= 4x + 9y + z
2 2 2 –12xy + 4xz – 6yz
Find each indicated product.
2 2
a. 3(x + 7) = 3x + 21
= 2s 2 − 8s
b. 2s( s - 4 )
2
c. (w + 9) ( w - 2) = w + 7w - 18
d. (4f + 1 ) ( f - 5) = 4f2 − 19f - 5
e. (x - 4 ) ( x + 4) = x2 − 16
2
f. (2x - 3) = 4x − 12x + 9
2
Find each indicated product.
a. 2(x − 3) = 2x2 − 6
2

b. 3s( s + 5 ) = 3s2 + 15s

c. (w + 4) ( w - 1) = w2 + 3w - 4

d. (2n + 1 ) ( n - 5) = 2n2 − 9n - 5

e. (x - 7) ( x + 7) = x2 − 49
2
f. (3x - 2) = 9x2 − 12x + 4
Example (6x2 – 5x – 6)(x2 – 2x – 1)
Step 1 : Arrange the polynomial in a descending order.
Step 2 : Write down the numerical coefficient of each polynomial.
note: supply 0 if there is a missing term in the degree of polynomial. 6–5–6 x 1–2–1
Step 3 : Prepare a box patteren as required. Box Formula = Highest degree +1 ; since (3 X 3) +1 = 4 x 4
Step 4 : Place the first numerical values in the upper row and the second numerical values in the last column.
Step 5 : Multiply the column by its row and place the product
always on top of each corresponding square.
6 -5 -6
Step 6 : Add the numbers diagonally.
6 -5 -6 1 Step 7 : Add the exponents of the first term of each
6 polynomial, then start arranging it in
-12 10 12 descending order.
-17 -2
-6 5 6 -1 6 – 17 – 2 + 17 + 6
-2
17 6 6x4 – 17x3 – 2x2 + 17x + 6
Example: (– 2x3 – 4x + 1) (x2 – 3x – 2)
– 2x3 + 0x2 – 4x + 1) (x2 – 3x – 2)
(– 2 + 0 – 4 + 1) (1 – 3 – 2)
-2 0 -4 1 – 2 +6 +0 +13 +5 – 2
-2 0 -4 1 1
-2 – 2x5 + 6x4 + 0x3 + 13x2 + 5x – 2
6 0 12 -3 -3
6
4 0 8 -2 – 2x5 + 6x4 + 13x2 + 5x – 2
0 -2
13 5 -2
Find each indicated product.

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