To be able to experiment with the code examples in this tutorial, you

should have MySQL installed on your computer.

You can download a free MySQL database

at https://www.mysql.com/downloads/.

Python needs a MySQL driver to access the MySQL database.

In this tutorial we will use the driver "MySQL Connector".

We recommend that you use PIP to install "MySQL Connector".

PIP is most likely already installed in your Python environment.

Navigate your command line to the location of PIP, and type the
following:

To test if the installation was successful, or if you already have "MySQL

Connector" installed, create a Python page with the following content:

import mysql.connector
If the above code was executed with no errors, "MySQL Connector" is
installed and ready to be used.
Start by creating a connection to the database.

Use the username and password from your MySQL database:

import mysql.connector
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
host="localhost",
user="yourusername",
passwd="yourpassword"
)
print(mydb)
Output: <mysql.connector.connection.MySQLConnection object ar 0x016645F0>

Now you can start querying the database using SQL statements.

To create a database in MySQL, use the "CREATE DATABASE" statement:

import mysql.connector

mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
host="localhost",
user="yourusername",
passwd="yourpassword"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
mycursor.execute("CREATE DATABASE mydatabase")
If the above code was executed with no errors, you have successfully
created a database.
You can check if a database exist by listing all databases in your system
by using the "SHOW DATABASES" statement:

import mysql.connector
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
host="localhost",
user="yourusername",
passwd="yourpassword"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
mycursor.execute("SHOW DATABASES")
for x in mycursor:
print(x)
Output:
('information_scheme',)
('mydatabase',)
('performance_schema',)
('sys',)
Or you can try to access the database when making the connection:

import mysql.connector
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
host="localhost",
user="yourusername",
passwd="yourpassword",
database="mydatabase"
)
If the database does not exist, you will get an error.
To create a table in MySQL, use the "CREATE TABLE" statement.

Make sure you define the name of the database when you create the
connection

Create a table named "customers":

import mysql.connector

mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
host="localhost",
user="yourusername",
passwd="yourpassword",
database="mydatabase"
)

mycursor = mydb.cursor()

mycursor.execute("CREATE TABLE customers (name VARCHAR(255),

address VARCHAR(255))")
If the above code was executed with no errors, you have now
successfully created a table.
You can check if a table exist by listing all tables in your database with
the "SHOW TABLES" statement:

import mysql.connector

mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
host="localhost",
user="yourusername",
passwd="yourpassword",
database="mydatabase"
)

mycursor = mydb.cursor()

mycursor.execute("SHOW TABLES")

for x in mycursor:
print(x)

Output: ('customers',)
When creating a table, you should also create a column with a unique key
for each record. This can be done by defining a PRIMARY KEY.

We use the statement "INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY" which will

insert a unique number for each record. Starting at 1, and increased by
one for each record.

import mysql.connector
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
host="localhost",
user="yourusername",
passwd="yourpassword",
database="mydatabase"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
mycursor.execute("CREATE TABLE customers (id INT
AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(255), address
VARCHAR(255))")
If the table already exists, use the ALTER TABLE keyword:

import mysql.connector
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
host="localhost",
user="yourusername",
passwd="yourpassword",
database="mydatabase"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
mycursor.execute("ALTER TABLE customers ADD COLUMN id INT
AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY")
import mysql.connector

mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
host="localhost",
user="yourusername",
passwd="yourpassword",
database="mydatabase"
)

mycursor = mydb.cursor()

sql = "INSERT INTO customers (name, address) VALUES (%s, %s)"

val = ("John", "Highway 21")
mycursor.execute(sql, val)

mydb.commit()

print(mycursor.rowcount, "record inserted.")

Output: 1 record inserted.

Important!: Notice the statement: mydb.commit(). It is

required to make the changes, otherwise no changes are made to
the table.
To insert multiple rows into a table, use the executemany() method.

The second parameter of the executemany() method is a list of tuples,

containing the data you want to insert:

import mysql.connector
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
host="localhost",
user="yourusername",
passwd="yourpassword",
database="mydatabase"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
sql = "INSERT INTO customers (name, address) VALUES (%s, %s)"
val = [
('Peter', 'Lowstreet 4'),
('Amy', 'Apple st 652'),
('Hannah', 'Mountain 21'),
('Michael', 'Valley 345'),
('Sandy', 'Ocean blvd 2'),
('Betty', 'Green Grass 1'),
('Richard', 'Sky st 331'),
('Susan', 'One way 98'),
('Vicky', 'Yellow Garden 2'),
('Ben', 'Park Lane 38'),
('William', 'Central st 954'),
('Chuck', 'Main Road 989'),
('Viola', 'Sideway 1633')
]
mycursor.executemany(sql, val)
mydb.commit()
print(mycursor.rowcount, "was inserted.")
Output: 13 record inserted.
You can get the id of the row you just inserted by asking the cursor
object.

Note: If you insert more that one row, the id of the last
inserted row is returned.
import mysql.connector

mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
host="localhost",
user="yourusername",
passwd="yourpassword",
database="mydatabase"
)

mycursor = mydb.cursor()

sql = "INSERT INTO customers (name, address) VALUES (%s, %s)"

val = ("Michelle", "Blue Village")
mycursor.execute(sql, val)

mydb.commit()

print("1 record inserted, ID:", mycursor.lastrowid)

Output: 1 record inserted, ID: 15

import mysql.connector
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
host="localhost",
user="yourusername",
passwd="yourpassword",
database="mydatabase"
)
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
mycursor.execute("SELECT * FROM customers")
myresult = mycursor.fetchall()
for x in myresult:
print(x)
Output:
(1, 'John', 'Highway 21')
(2, 'Peter', 'Lowstreet 27')
(3, 'Amy', 'Apple st 652')
(4, 'Hannah', 'Mountain 21')
(5, 'Michael', 'Valley 345')
(6, 'Sandy', 'Ocean blvd 2')
(7, 'Betty', 'Green Grass 1')
(8, 'Richard', 'Sky st 331')
(9, 'Susan', 'One way 98')
(10, 'Vicky', 'Yellow Garden 2')
(11, 'Ben', 'Park Lane 38')
(12, 'William', 'Central st 954')
(13, 'Chuck', 'Main Road 989')
(14, 'Viola', 'Sideway 1633')
(15, 'Michelle', 'Blue Village')
Note: We use the fetchall() method, which fetches all rows
from the last executed statement.
If you are only interested in one row, you can use
the fetchone() method.

The fetchone() method will return the first row of the result:

mycursor.execute("SELECT * FROM customers")

myresult = mycursor.fetchone()

print(myresult)

Output: (1, 'John', 'Highway 21')

Overwrite the address column from "Valley 345" to "Canyoun 123":
import mysql.connector

mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
host="localhost",
user="yourusername",
passwd="yourpassword",
database="mydatabase"
)

mycursor = mydb.cursor()

sql = "UPDATE customers SET address = 'Canyon 123'

WHERE address = 'Valley 345'"

mycursor.execute(sql)

mydb.commit()

print(mycursor.rowcount, "record(s) affected")

Output: 1 record(s) affected

You can limit the number of records returned from the query, by using the
"LIMIT" statement:
Select the 5 first records in the "customers" table:
import mysql.connector

mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
host="localhost",
user="yourusername",
passwd="yourpassword",
database="mydatabase"
)

mycursor = mydb.cursor()

mycursor.execute("SELECT * FROM customers LIMIT 5")

myresult = mycursor.fetchall()

for x in myresult:
print(x)

Output:
(1, 'John', 'Highway 21')
(2, 'Peter', 'Lowstreet 27')
(3, 'Amy', 'Apple st 652')
(4, 'Hannah', 'Mountain 21')
(5, 'Michael', 'Valley 345')
If you want to return five records, starting from the third record, you can
use the "OFFSET" keyword:

Start from position 3, and return 5 records:

import mysql.connector

mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
host="localhost",
user="yourusername",
passwd="yourpassword",
database="mydatabase"
)

mycursor = mydb.cursor()

mycursor.execute("SELECT * FROM customers LIMIT 5

OFFSET 2")

myresult = mycursor.fetchall()

for x in myresult:
print(x)

Output:
(3, 'Amy', 'Apple st 652')
(4, 'Hannah', 'Mountain 21')
(5, 'Michael', 'Valley 345')
(6, 'Sandy', 'Ocean blvd 2')
(7, 'Betty', 'Green Grass 1')
Important!: Notice the statement: mydb.commit(). It
is required to make the changes, otherwise no
changes are made to the table.

Note: After Drop command, commit() cannot execute

on table.

For More on Python MySQL

connectivity and
projects visit the
Python Projects in the
blog.