6

Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module 3:
Solving Algebraic Expression and
Equation
Mathematics – Grade 6
Quarter 3 – Module 3: Solving Algebraic Expressions and Equations
First Edition, 2020

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 6
Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module 3:
Solving Algebraic Expression and
Equation

ii
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to
use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress
while allowing them to manage their own learning at home.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different
activities in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be
reminded of the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking
your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always
bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material,
you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding
of the relevant competencies. You can do it

iii
Lesson 1

Let Us Learn

Hello dear learners! I know that most of you are eager to go back to
school….But, since we are facing pandemic, schools will not be your learning
place for the meantime; instead, your homes will be your school. So, don’t get
bored because learning must continue and must go on despite of our
situations.
In this lesson, you will enter the world of algebra and explore how
numbers can be used in different ways using letters or symbols combined
with the basic operations. You may have fun in learning and exploring this
lesson while staying at home.
You will learn how to define variable in an algebraic expression and
equation.

Let Us Try

Let’s check and understand these.

1. four more than y

2. m less twelve
3. the difference of b and 7
4. 10 times f
5. n divided by 9

Let Us Study

Defining an algebraic expression and equation varies in different way.

An Algebraic Expression is a mathematical phrase that uses variables,
numerals and symbols. An algebraic equation, on the other hand, is a
mathematical sentence with an equal sign (=) which shows that two
expressions on either side are equal.
READ and ENGAGE!
Flint is a newly hired employee in one of the companies here in Davao
City. As a trainee, he needs to wear a polo barong every day. He was given a
clothing allowance of P 8,000.00. How many polo barongs can he buy using
this amount?

Brand of Polo Price per Shirt Numerical Number of

Barong Expressions Shirts
A P 1,000.00 8,000 ÷ 1,000 8
 B P 2,000.00 8,000 ÷ 2,000 4
C P 800.00 8,000 ÷ 800 10
The answer to the question may vary on the brand of polo barong he
will buy.
The third column gives the numerical expression for each brand for
the number of polo barong he can buy. Our constant is P 8,000.00. If you
don’t know the price of a polo barong, you can use a variable to stand for a
price. Then we can write an algebraic expression for the number of shirts.

A. ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION

Key Concepts
A numerical expression is a mathematical
sentence involving only numbers and one or more
operation symbols.

A variable is any letter or symbol that represents a

number.

A constant has a fixed value that does not change.

An algebraic expression is a mathematical phrase

that uses variables, numerals, and operation
symbols.

To represent the price of each brand of polo barong, you can use of a
variable and write an algebraic expression to represent the number of polo
barong that Flint can buy for P 12,000.00.

Let (variable) Number of Polo Barong

(in Algebraic Expression)

m = the price of each Brand A 8,000 ÷ m

n = the price of each Brand B 8,000 ÷ n

o = the price of each Brand C 8,000 ÷ o

 A. 1. Translating Word Phrases into Algebraic Expressions
In the table below, study how the different word phrases can be
translated or written as algebraic expression.

Verbal Phrases/Sentences Algebraic Expression

n plus 10
the sum of n and 10 n + 10
n increased by 10
10 added to n
10 more than n
p minus 35
the difference between p and 35
p decreased by 35 p - 35
p diminished by 35
35 less than p
p less 35
35 subtracted from p
3 times b
thrice of b 3b
b multiplied by 3
The triple of b
the product of 3 and b
y divided by 7
the quotient of y and 7 Y÷7
one-seventh of y
the ratio of y to 7

B. ALGEBRAIC EQUATION
 Consider Flint’s problem presented from the previous lesson:
Flint is a newly hired employee in one of the companies here in Davao
City. As a trainee, he needs to wear a polo barong every day. He was given a
clothing allowance of P 8,000.00. How many polo barongs can he buy using
this amount?
Your equations to get the exact number of polo barong per brand are
listed in the third column. The variable in each algebraic equation represents
the number of polo barong per brand.

Brand of Polo Price per Shirt Numerical Number of

Barong Expressions Shirts
A P 1,000.00 8,000 ÷ 1,000 m =8
B P 2,000.00 8,000 ÷ 2,000 n=4
C P 800.00 8,000 ÷ 800 o = 10

So, the number of polo barong he can buy using his P 8,000.00 clothing
allowance depends on the brand he prefers.

B.1. Translating Verbal Phrases or sentences into Algebraic

Equation

Verbal Phrases/Sentences Algebraic Equation

the sum of a number and eight is Let a be the number
twelve a + 8 = 12
five times a number decreased by Let x be the number
three is equal to 17 5x - 3 = 17
the product of eleven less than Let b be the number
twice a number, and three will 3(2b - 11) = 33
result to thirty-three
the quotient of a number and four, Let z be the number
𝒛
the result is six =6
𝟒
 Let Us Practice

A. Fill in the table by translating the following word phrases into algebraic
expression and vice versa.

Verbal Algebraic
Phrases/Sentences Expression
1. 8 more than n

2. s multiplied by 9

3. 𝑚
4

Let Us Practice More

B. Fill in the table by translating the following word phrases into
algebraic expression and vice versa.

Verbal Phrases/Sentences Algebraic Equation

1. The difference between a number

and 8 is 4.
2. 4x - 7 = 9

3. Twice the sum of a number and 4

is equal to 18

Let Us Remember
To define algebraic expression and equation, always remember
the following:
• What is an algebraic expression?
• What is an algebraic equation?
• How do you write verbal expressions and equations into algebraic
expression and equation or vice versa?
 Let Us Assess
Read each item carefully then write the letter of your
answer on the space provided before each number.
_______1. It refers to a mathematical phrase that uses variables, numerals,
and operation symbols.
A. Constant C. Numerical coefficient
B. Variable D. Algebraic Expression
_______2. Which of the following is “the sum of a number and seven is fifteen”.
A. x - 7 = 15 C. 7 + 15 = x
B. x + 7 = 15 D. 15 - 7 = x
_______3. How does “the difference of r and twenty” can be written?
A. r + 20 C. 20r
B. r ÷ 20 D. r – 20
_______4. In what way can “twice the difference of m and 9” be written?
A. 2(m + 9) C. 3 x m ÷ 9
B. 2(m - 9) D. 3 + m - 9
_______5. Translate n - 10 = 35 in a sentence.
A. A number decreased by ten is equal to thirty-five.
B. A number more than ten gives a result of thirty-five.
C. The quotient of a number and ten is thirty-five.
D. The product of a number and ten will result to thirty-five.

Let Us Enhance
A. Translate each sentence into an algebraic equation.

1. A number more than two is eleven.

2. Twenty-five is equal to twice a number decreased by seven.
3. 4 multiplied to the sum of a number and 6.

B. Translate each algebraic equation into phrase/sentence.

4. 6x – 25 = 11
#
5. $
=3

Let Us Reflect

What is an algebraic expression and equation? How do you translate

real-life verbal expressions and equations into letters or symbols and vice-
versa?
You need to read very carefully using context clues to determine what
action is required. They will need to reread some problems in order to focus
on the needed information.
Let Us Assess Let Us Enhance
1. d 1. n + 2 = 11
2. b 2. 2x – 7 = 25
3. d 3. 4(a + 6)
4. b 4. six times a number decreased by
5. a twenty-five is 11
5. a number divided by four is equal
to three
Let Us Practice More Let Us Practice Let Us Try
1. x – 8 = 4 1. n + 8 1. 4+y
2. four times a number 2. 9s 2. m - 12
decreased by 7 is 3. the quotient 3. b-7
equal to 9 of m and 4 4. 10f
3. 2(y+4) = 18 !
5. "
Answer Key
Lesson 2

Let Us Learn

Hi my dear Learner! Did you learn something in your previous

lesson? Hope you enjoy studying and answering the given
exercises. Here is another module about Variables in Expressions
and Equations. After learning this module, you are expected to
have a full understanding on algebraic expression and equation.
Specifically you should be able to represent quantities in real-life
situations using algebraic expressions and equations. (M6AL-IIIe-
18)I’m sure you will really feel great after learning this lesson.

Let Us Try

Find the value of the variables.

Example: Four times the number plus three equals eleven
4b + 3 = 11
4b = 11-3
b= 8 ÷ 4
b =2

1. Two times a number added to five is twenty-five.

2. Twenty-four divided by six plus the product of two and eight
is what number?
3. Trina has some money. She bought a cake at ₱5 and a lemon
juice at ₱3. She has ₱12 left. How much money she have at
first?

Let Us Study

The purpose for this activity is to allow the learner to find

solutions to the given equations and then share it to others by
answering the following activities. Let’s begin to take the challenge!
 Study the following examples below.

Example #1: A number added to three is nineteen.

X + 3 = 19 → transpose 3 to the other side of the equation
X = 19 – 3 using the Inverse operation.
X = 16

To check, evaluate x + 3, given x = 16

X + 3 = 19
16 + 3 = 19
19 = 19→ the result is 19, therefore 16 is the value of x

Example #2: Nine times a number minus three is fifteen

9x – 3 = 15 → transpose 3 to the other side of the equation
9x = 15 + 3 using the inverse operation
9x = 18 → to find the value of x, divide 18 by 9.
x = 18 ÷ 9
X=2
To check, evaluate 9x – 3 = 15
9(2)–3 = 15
18 – 3 = 15
15=15→the result is 15, therefore x is equal to 2

Example # 3: The product six and a number added to two and a

number plus five is twenty-nine
6n + 2n + 5 = 29 → add like terms 6n and 2n to get 8n.
8n + 5 = 29 → transpose 5 to the other side of equation
8n = 29 – 5 using the inverse operation.
8n = 24 → to find the value of n, divide 24 by 8.
8n = 24 ÷ 8
n=3

To check, evaluate 6n + 2n + 5, given n = 3.

6(3) + 2(3) + 5 = 29
18 + 6 + 5 = 29
29=29→the result is 29, therefore n is equal 3.
Example # 4
Maricel buys 5 star apples for ₱5.00 each and 3 guyabanos
for ₱32.50 each. She gives the cashier a ₱200.00 bill. Write an
expression for the total cost of the fruits she buys and an equation
for the amount of change the cashier should give her.

Let us use the variables to represent the price of each fruit.

Let: m be the total cost of star apples

n be the total cost of guyabanos
p be the amount of change

Let’s translate the phrase:

* 5 star apples for P5.00 each
5 x ₱5.00 = m → represents the total cost of star apples
m = ₱25.00
* 3 guyabanos for ₱32.50 each
3 x ₱32.50 = n → represents the total cost of guyabanos
n = ₱97.50
* ₱200.00 – (m + n) = p → the amount of change
₱200.00 – (₱122.50) = p
p = ₱77.50

Let Us Practice

Direction: Represent the quantities of the algebraic expressions

and equation.
1. The sum of forty and twelve divided by four is what
number?
2. Peter has 4 marbles. After his friend gave him some
marbles, he has 12 marbles now. How many marbles did his
friend give?
3. Simon has some sheet of papers. After giving 2 sheets of
papers to his friend, he has 20 sheets of papers left. Find
the number of sheets of papers Simon have at first.
 Let Us Practice More

Find the solution and answer to these equations.

1. Six divided by two plus eight is what number?
2. The product of eight and a number plus two is fifty-eight.
What is that number?
3. Brent has twenty-five rubber bands. He gave four rubber
bands to his five friends. How many rubber bands was left
to him?

Let Us Remember

Algebra is an interesting and enjoyable branch in

mathematics in which numbers, shapes and letters are used to
express problems.
Most of the algebraic word problems consist of real-life short
stories or cases. Others are simple phrases such as description of
math problem.
The purpose of solving an algebraic expression in an equation
is to find the unknown variables. When two expressions are
equated, they form an equation and therefore, it becomes easier to
solve for the unknown terms.
To solve an equation, place the variables in one side and the
constants on the other side. The variables can be isolated by
applying arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division, square root etc.
An algebraic expression is always interchangeable. This
implies that, you can rewrite the equation by interchanging LHS
(left-hand side) and RHS (right-hand side).

Let Us Assess

Translate each word phrases and real-life situation into

algebraic expression and equation to find the value of the variable.

1. Twenty subtracted from the product of five and a number is

fifteen. What is that number?
2. Two times a number is subtracted from twenty is eight. What
is the number?

3. Elmer has some money. He gave ₱10 each to his two younger
brothers. He has ₱30 left. How much money he had at first?

Let Us Enhance
Solve

1. Amarah has five twenty peso bill. She spent some money for
her snack. She has ₱45 left. How much did she spend?

Let Us Reflect

Algebra is a new and exciting branch of mathematics for

elementary pupils to study.

We use algebra quite frequently in our everyday lives and

without even realizing it. We not only use algebra, we actually need
algebra, to solve most of our problems that involves calculations.

Some simple examples that demonstrate the relevance of algebra

in the real-life are going shopping, calculating grocery expenses,
filling up the gas tank, used in traffic control, aircraft, and
medicine and so on. So we should always remember that any math
equation results have the potential to change the world. That is the
reason all mathematical equation are important in our life.
 Answer Answer
1. 7 1. 13
2. 6
2. 8
3. ₱50
3. 22
Answer Answer Answer
1. ₱55 1. 11 1. 10
2. 20
2. 7
3. ₱20
3. 5
Answer Key
Lesson 3

Let Us Learn

Hi kids! This Self-Learning Module in Mathematics VI is

designed to provide you with varied learning activities to help gain
mastery and develop concepts, skills, and ideas to become
independent thinkers.

After going through the activities and exercises, you are

expected to solve routine and non-routine problems involving
different types of numerical expressions and equations such as 7
+ 9 = ____ + 6.(M6AL-III-18).

Enjoy learning and have fun with Math!

Let Us Try
Solve the following word problems.

1. Mang Fredo is a potter. He needs to make 200 pieces of pots

every 2 weeks for him to meet the number of ordered pots by
the buyer. On the first week, he made 95 pots. On the fourth
day of the second week, he made 50 pots. How many more
pots does Mang Fredo need to make to meet the number of
ordered pots?

2. Bryan went to the school supplies department to buy

ballpens for his friends as his token for them. He bought 8
ballpens for P 96.00. What is the cost of each ballpen?
 Let Us Study
Routine and Non-routine problems serve different
purposes.

A Routine Problem is a type of problem which has an

immediate and direct solution. A Non-routine Problem, on the
other hand, is a problem which requires analysis and concerns
problems that are useful for daily living.

The following four-step approach for solving routine and non-

routine problems will help you organize the given information so
that you can write equation that will enable you to solve the
problem. Study how these examples are solved.

Example 1
Rico had a money in his wallet. After going to the department
store to buy a backpack, he only had P600.00 left in his wallet. If
his backpack costs P980.00, how much money did he have
previously?

a. Understand the problem.

What is asked?
• The amount of money he previously has.
What are the given facts?
• The money left in his wallet.
• The cost of a backpack.

b. Devise a plan.
What equation shall we do to solve the problem? Let’s
translate the statement to an equation.
• Let f = amount of money he previously has
f – P980 = P600
 c. Solve.
What is the solution to the equation?
Solution:
f – 980 = 600 add 980 to both sides

f – 980 + 980 = 600 + 980

f + 0 = 600 + 980
f = 1580
d. Check.
f – 980 = 600
1580 – 980 = 600
600 = 600
600 = 600 True
Therefore, the money he had previously is P 1580.00
Example 2
Aling Maria brought a truck-load of lanzones to Agdao Public
Market. If 54 kilograms of lanzones were sold, which is one-fourth
to the total amount, how many kilograms of lanzones did she
originally have?
a. Understand the problem.
What is asked?
• The total kilograms of lanzones which Aling Maria
originally have.
What are the given facts?
• One-fourth kilograms of lanzones were sold at
Agdao Public Market.
• 54 kilograms of lanzones were sold in Agdao Public
Market
b. Devise a plan.
What equation shall we do to solve the problem?
Let t = the total kilograms of lanzones which Aling
Maria originally have
t ÷ 4 = 54
 c. Solve
What is the solution to the equation?
Solution:
t÷4 = 54
t = 54 x 4
t = 216
d. Check.
t÷4 =54
216 ÷4 =54
54 =54
Therefore, Aling Maria originally have a total of 216 kilograms of
lanzones.

Let Us Practice

Analyze and solve the problem.

1. There are 11 boys in the class. This is three more than four
times the number of girls. How many girls are in the class?

2. Jerry bought boxes of crayons. Each box contains 8

crayons. If he has 96 pieces of crayons in total, how many
boxes did he buy?

Let Us Practice More

Analyze and solve the problem.

1. Nilo had a box full of candies. He divides all the candies

equally to his friends. If each of his friends received 34
candies, how many candies did Nilo have?

2. Lea, Rolly and Clara harvested mangoes in their farm. After

hours of harvesting, Rolly had 120 mangoes and Clara had
 140. Lea was able to harvest the greatest number of mangoes
but when she sold 180 pieces, it became as many as the sum
of Rolly’s and Clara’s harvest. How many mangoes were
harvested by Lea?

Let Us Remember

A Routine Problem is a type of problem which has an

immediate and direct solution.

A Non-routine Problem, on the other hand, is a problem

which requires analysis and concerns problems that are useful for
daily living.

In solving mathematical problems, always remember the

four steps: understand the problem, devise a plan, solve and
check.

Let Us Assess

Analyze and solve the problem.

1. During the packing of food packs, the number of women is 2

times the number of men. How many women and men joined
the packing if there were 30 people present?

2. Rizza had 11 notebooks in her bag. She added some

notebooks and had a total of 26. How many notebooks did
she add?

3. Liza started to collect shells during the vacation. She was able
to collect 20 shells on Monday, but she lost 5 shells on
Tuesday. She continued collecting on Wednesday. If she has
42 pieces of shells on hand, how many pieces of shells were
lost?
 Let Us Enhance

Analyze and solve the problem.

Roberto went to a small grocery store to buy some

canned goods. As he waits for his turn to pay, he was thinking
on how much he will pay. The cashier then told him that the
total amount he needs to pay was ₱189.50. He bought a can
of spicy sardines which costs P40.50 and 4 cans of corned
beef. What is the price of each can of corned beef

Let Us Reflect

You might think that problem solving is a difficult topic

in the classroom but unconsciously you are solving
mathematical problems in your daily life. Problem solving is
a life skill that is essential to your daily lives whether at home,
school, in your future workplace and everywhere you are.
This skill can empower your personal life. Solving problems
with equations in real life can specifically be used to calculate
budgeting and it help us make predictions.
Let Us Assess Let Us Practice Let Us Try Let Us Practice More
6. d = 55
1. m = 10 1. x = 2 1. n = 170
7. p = 12
2. n = 15 2. x = 12
2. x = 440
3. d = 27 Let Us Enhance
x = P 37.25
Answer Key
 References

DepEd-BEAM Distance Learning Program Module 70-Variables and

Expressions

DepEd-BEAM Distance Learning Program Module 71-Variables in

Equation

Lesson Guide in Elementary Mathematics 6

21ST Century Mathletes,TM
21st Century Mathletes 6, LM
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region XI Davao City Division

DepEd Davao City, Elpidio Quirino Ave., Davao City

Telefax: 224-3274

Email Address: davaocity.division@deped.gov.ph