Lecture # 18

CSE-1010 :Programming I

Transforming Education. Enriching Lives

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What will cover today?
• Introduction to C programming Language

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Use of Computers in Daily life

Fig1. Use of Computers in Daily life

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 Most Demand Programming Languages

• According to wiki, there are more than 700 programming languages all over the world.
• Some sources say that more than 9000
• Top 10 programming Language in 2022

1.python
2.java
3.javascript
4.Kotlin
5.R
6.PHP
7.Go
8. C ----------->GitHub, Telegram Messenger, Master Card
9.Swift
10.C#
credit: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/top-10-programming-languages-to-learn-in-2022/

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Introduction to C Programming
• What is the computer program?
• A computer program is a collection of instructions that performs a specific task when executed by a computer.
• What is the purpose of a computer programming language?
• Languages like English, Chinese, etc. are used to communicate between two humans. In the
same way a programming language is used to communicate between a human and computer.
• Why do we need computer language?
• A programming language that is designed to be easy for a computer to execute; also called ``machine
code'' or ``assembly language.'' machine code: The lowest level language for software which is the
language that is directly executed by the central processing unit (CPU).
•What are the Two types of programming languages:?
• Low-level language (eg: Machine, Assembly)
• High-level language (C, ForTran, Pascal, Python, Flutter,)
The primary difference between low and high-level languages is that any programmer can
understand, compile, and interpret a high-level language feasibly as compared to the
machine(machine-level languages).

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 C programming Language
• C Programming Language
• C is one of the most powerful "modern" programming language, in that it allows
direct access to memory and many "low level" computer operations. C source
code is compiled into stand-a-lone executable programs. C is sometimes criticized
because it assumes the "programmer is always right" and allows many
"questionable" programming practices.
• Why we call C?
• Because C comes after B. C programming was Developed by Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie in
1978. Dennis Ritchie (Co-Designer of Unix operating system ) started working on it in 1972 at AT &
T's Bell Laboratories of USA.

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C programming Language
• Why C is important to learn?

• C is the mother of all languages and few reasons to consider learning C is that it makes your
fundamentals very strong.
• C was designed to implement the Unix OS (Which also forms a base for Linux).
• C sits close to the OS which makes it an efficient language because of its efficient system level
resource management.
• C is a very basic language. There are no frills, no GUIs, no Matrix processing abilities, very little
file I/O support, etc.
• C combines portability across various computer architectures as provided by any other high-level
language while retaining most of the control of the hardware as provided by assembly language.

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Reason to learn C
• Major parts of the Windows, Unix and Linux are still written in C. So if you want
program these OS or create your own you need to know C.
• Device drivers of new devices are always written in C.
• The reason is that C provides you access to the basic elements of the computer.
• It gives you direct access to memory of your CPU through pointers.
• It allows you to manipulate and play with bits and bytes.

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Reason to learn C
• Mobiles, Palmtops, PDA's etc are gaining popularity every second.
• Also appliances such as T.V., Refrigerators, and Microwaves etc. are becoming an integral part
of our daily needs.
• You may not know but they have a CPU with them which do need programming and the
software's written for them are known as embedded system programs.
• These programs have to be fast in execution but also have a very little memory.
• No question why C is ideally suited for embedded system programming.
• You must have played games on your PC.
• Even today these astounding 3D games use C as their core. Why?
• The simple reason who will play the game when it takes a lot of time fire a bullet after you have given
command from the console.
• The reply to the command should be damn prompt and fast. Reply in 1 Nano second is an outstanding
game; Reply in 10 Nano seconds is crap.
• Eg: Bauncing ball, Chess, Archery, Fish Movement
• Even today there is no match for C.
• https://www.silvergames.com/en/t/archery
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Benefits and Weakness
• Benefits of C Programming Language?
• As a middle level language. C combines the features of both high level and low level languages. It
can be used for low-level programming,
• such as scripting for drivers and kernels
• supports functions of high level programming languages, such as scripting for software
applications etc.
• Easy to Learn and Understand, Built in Functions,
•Weakness of C Programming Language?
•C does not have OOPS feature.
•There is no runtime checking in C language.
• There is no strict type checking.
• C doesn't have the concept of namespace
• C's lack of type checking in C can be a powerful advantage to an experienced programmer
but a dangerous disadvantage to a novice.

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Features of C

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Features of C programming Language
• C language has a rich set of features. These include:
• There are a small, fixed number of keywords, including a full set of control
flow primitives. This means there is not much vocabulary to learn.
• C is a powerful, flexible language that provides fast program execution and
imposes few constraints on the programmer.
• It allows low level access to information and commands while still retaining
the portability and syntax of a high level language.
• These qualities make it a useful language for both systems programming
and general purpose programs.
• Another strong point of C is its use of modularity. Sections of code can be
stored in libraries for re-use in future programs.

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Features of C programming Language
• There are a large number of arithmetical, relational, bitwise and
logical operators.
• All data has a type, but implicit conversions can be performed. User-
defined and compound data types are possible.
• Complex functionality such as I/O, string manipulation, and
mathematical functions are consistently delegated to library routines.
• C is a Structured Compiled language widely used in the development
of system software.

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C/C++ IDE & editors for C programming or
C++ programming!
10. C++ Builder
1. Eclipse 11. Turbo C
2. Code:: blocks 12. Notepad ++
3.GNAT programming Studio 13. Atom
4. Visual Studio Code 14. Online C IDE
5. CodeLite https://www.online-cpp.com/online_c_ide
6. NetBeans 8 Credit: https://codecondo.com/top-10-ide-for-
7.QT Creator c-and-cplusplus-for-programmers/
8. Sublime Text
9.Dev C++
Download link for Code::Block
https://sourceforge.net/projects/codeblocks/files/latest/download
Step by step installation for Code::Blocks
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mdB16jmaa1I
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References

Online content
Images and photos from www.google.com
Credit: https://code-blocks.en.softonic.com/download
Credit: Fundamental of computer programming -206 by Er. Indrajeet
Sinha

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 Learning to write programs stretches your mind, and helps you think
better, creates a way of thinking about things that I think is helpful in
all domains.”

—Bill Gates, Co-Chairman, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Co-Founder, Microsoft

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