Guidelines for the parents

Class: X Chapter: 1 Resource & Development Subject: Geography

Topics Conservation of resources & Land Resources

Check your child’s prior Resources are essential for the survival of human being.
knowledge (Encourage Resources have been classified on various grounds.
your child to answer the Resource planning is important for the development of nation.
following questions in Meaning of sustainable development.
complete sentences)

What your child will Ways to conserve resources.

learn? Rio de generio summit & Agenda 21
Land resource- Its importance and utilisation
Refer to page no. 4-7

Tips to explain the Conservation Of Resources:

topics: -
To save this precious resource you can follow
these ways-
 Turn off the faucet/taps when not in use while
brushing, bathing, washing clothes, dishes, etc.
 Do not flush chemicals, sprays, medicine, and
other toxins as they contaminate groundwater,
rivers, lakes, and
 Reduce shower time.
 Install water-efficient showerheads, toilet flush and
other appliances at homes or business.
 Reuse Graywater for watering plants and flushing
toilets.
 Ensure that there is not any leakage.
 Practice rainwater harvesting.
 Install water treatment plants and seawater
desalination plants.
 Do not water dry lands or during the daytime.

Page 1 of 12
Guidelines for the parents

 Use water sprinkler for lawns.

 Stop dumping of waste and garbage in rivers,
lakes, and It is very harmful to the aquatic
ecosystem and also for humans.
 Take care of beaches and seashores.
 Less use of plastics as it gets to mix with water
bodies.
 Make sustainable and safe seafood choices for the
conservation of oceans. Do not demand species
that are overexploited.
 Practice a Drip irrigation system to avoid excessive
evaporation and excessive use of water in
irrigation.
Rio de Janerio Summit:
The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
(UNCED), also known as the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, the Rio
Summit, the Rio Conference, and the Earth Summit (Portuguese:
ECO92), was a major United Nationsconference held in Rio de Janeiro
from 3 to 14 June in 1992.
Earth Summit was created as a response for Member States to
cooperate together internationally on development issues after the
Cold War. Due to issues relating to sustainability being too big for
individual member states to handle, Earth Summit was held as a
platform for other Member States to collaborate. Since the creation,
many others in the field of sustainability show a similar development to
the issues discussed in these conferences, including non-
governmental organizations (NGOs).

Page 2 of 12
Guidelines for the parents

AGENDA 21:
Agenda 21 is a non-binding action plan of the United Nations with
regard to sustainable development. It is a product of the Earth Summit
held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992. , Agenda 21 is a voluntary

action plan that offers suggestions for sustainable ways

local, state and national governments can combat poverty
and pollution and conserve natural resources in the 21st
century.
LAND RESOURCES:
Land use involves the management and modification of natural
environment or wilderness into built environment such as settlements
and semi-natural habitats such as arable fields, pastures, and managed
woods. Land use by humans has a long history, first emerging more
than 10,000 years ago.
LAND UNDER DIFFERENT RELIEF FEATURES:

Land utlisation in India:

Page 3 of 12
Guidelines for the parents

Land resources are used for the following purposes:

1. Forests
2. Land not available for cultivation
(a) Barren and waste land
(b) Land put to non-agricultural uses, e.g. buildings, roads, factories,
etc.
3. Other uncultivated land (excluding fallow land)
(a) Permanent pastures and grazing land,
(b) Land under miscellaneous tree crops groves (not included in net
sown area),
(c) Cultruable waste land (left uncultivated for more than 5 agricultural
years).
4. Fallow lands
(a) Current fallow-(left without cultivation for one or less than one
agricultural year),
(b) Other than current fallow-(left uncultivated for the past 1 to 5
agricultural years).
5. Net sown area Area sown more than once in an agricultural year
plus net sown area is known as gross cropped area.
Waste Land in India:
India's total land area is around 329 million hectares. Of this, the
government classifies 90 million hectares as “wasteland” — that
is, non-productive land; a definition that militates against the fact
that about 40 per cent of our 1.3 billion population depends on
this land for livelihood.

Page 4 of 12
Guidelines for the parents

Vocabulary Sustainable development, Land, gross cropped area, Fallow land, Waste
Land

Facts

Land Degradation:
Nine Main Causes of Land Degradation are as follows:
 Deforestation: Forests play an important role in
maintaining fertility of soil by shedding their leaves
which contain many nutrients.
 Excessive Use of Fertilizers and Pesticides
 Overgrazing
 Salination

Page 5 of 12
Guidelines for the parents

 Water-logging
 Desertification
 Soil erosion
 Wasteland
Land Conservation:
 Forest Protection. The natural forest cover in many areas
has been decreased due to commercial activity
 No-Till Farming
 Plant Windbreak Areas.
 Terrace Planting
 Plant Trees
 Crop Rotation
 Monitor Growth
 Afforestation

Activity Activity:
Try to do a comparison between the two pie charts (Fig. 1.4 ) given for land
use and find out why the net sown area and the land under forests have
changed from 1960-61 to 2008-09 very marginally.

NCERT Questions:
1.Explain land use pattern in India and why has the land under forest not

Page 6 of 12
Guidelines for the parents

increased much since 1960-61?

Intext Questions:
Land is an important resource available to human being. Justify.
What are the different land use pattern in India?
Mention any five causes of land degradation.
List any 5 ways to conserve land.

Topics Soil and various types of soil

Check your child’s prior Define land.

knowledge (Encourage What are the causes of land degradation?
your child to answer the What are the various ways to conserve land .
following questions in Land use pattern in India.
complete sentences)

What your child will Soil and its definition

learn? Soil Profile
Varieties of soil in India
Soil Degradation
Soil Conservation
Refer to page no 7-10

Tips to explain the Definition Of Soil:

topics: - The upper layer of earth in which plants grow, a black or dark brown
material typically consisting of a mixture of organic remains, clay, and
rock particles.
Soil Profile:

Page 7 of 12
Guidelines for the parents

Classification & Features of Soil:

Page 8 of 12
Guidelines for the parents

Soil distribution in India:

Soil Degradation:

Page 9 of 12
Guidelines for the parents

The various factors of soil erosion are:

 Wind. When strong winds blow, the topsoil along with the
organic matter is carried away by the wind. ...
 Water. When it rains in the hilly areas, the soil gets
washed away towards the plains. ...
 Overgrazing. ...
 Deforestation
 Building Dams
Types of Soil Eroison:

Sheet erosionis the uniform removal of soil in thin layers by

the forces of raindrops and overland flow. It can be a very
effective erosive process because it can cover large areas of
sloping land and go unnoticed for quite some time.

Soil Conservation:

Page 10 of 12
Guidelines for the parents

Soil conservation is the prevention of loss of the top most layer of the
soil from erosion or prevention of reduced fertility caused by over
usage, acidification, salinization or other chemical soil contamination.
Ways to conserve Soil:
Following methods are normally adopted for conserving soil:
 Afforestation: One of the best ways to conserve soil is
to increase the area under forests. ...
 Checking Overgrazing
 Constructing Dams
 Changing Agricultural Practices
 (i) Crop Rotation
 (ii) Strip Cropping
 (iii) Use of Early Maturing Varieties

 Planting shelter belts

Vocabulary Soil, soil erosion, soil conservation, Gully erosion, Shelter Belts

Facts State of India’s Environment

• The village of Sukhomajri and the district of Jhabua have shown that it is
possible to reverse land degradation. Tree density in Sukhomajri increased
from 13 per hectare in 1976 to 1,272 per hectare in 1992;
• Regeneration of the environment leads to economic well-being, as a result
of greater resource availability, improved agriculture and animal care,
andconsequently, increased incomes. Average annual household income in
Sukhomajri ranged from Rs 10,000-15,000 between 1979 and 1984;
• People’s management is essential for ecological restoration. With people
being made the decision-makers by the Madhya Pradesh government, 2.9
million hectares or about 1 per cent of India’s land area, are being greened
across the state through watershed management

Activity NCERT Questions:

1. Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown
in it.
2.What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast?
3.Give three main features of this type of soil
What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?

Page 11 of 12
Guidelines for the parents

Answer the following questions in about 120 words.

(i) Explain land use pattern in India and why has the land under forest not
increased much since 1960-61?
(ii) How have technical and economic development led to more consumption
of resources?
Reference Questions:
Differentiate between gully and sheet erosion.
Define soil erosion.
Write a short note on various types of soil erosion.
Suggest ways to check soil erosion.
PROJECT/ACTIVITY:
1. Make a project showing consumption and conservation of resources in
your locality.

Page 12 of 12